" The Bollandists " have the entry of Berchanus de Ega,
at this date, on the authority of the Martyrology of Tallagh.
at this date, on the authority of the Martyrology of Tallagh.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v4
inctorum,"
found.
5 See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Ap-
rilis ix. the (easts. Among pretermitted
p. 8 10.
'See "Kalendars of Scottish Saints. '
p. 326.
pp. Article vii.
tomus i. , Aprilis ix. ted saints, p. 809.
Among the pretermit-
In Blaviana Scotioe. "
Geographia
"
fromThe At-
Aril iol] LIVES OF TBE IXiSB SJUXTS.
o^dathediedxjk50a,btliedoesaoty»eibeSKmm»ii>wjK. tlasirfh»- naiianhadbeendanoL AwMkeofAitSMftisgnt%mli«««tk«(
BbfaopFadxs. *
Amtxs IX. —Rmmo Fust of St. RoiiMcaat Scmr% lykxiK Mn»
MAKTnt,GsutAHT. [£«MGwftiij. ] WeareiafonMd»byDeakpsMr«» that Knndecar was a Scat; tfiatbewas a noak and a disciple «Mcr St Bwiifafe,'inGei—ay; aBd,tltttbesharedtheMiatjidoaiofttishtteihq^y Aposde, who endeavooied to (kav the Geaties bum daikness toriw lifhtw dieGoapd. * Foraarinrity,hequotesFenariis,asalsotheBrevtarimaSco^ ticnn, and a Life of Sl BonifiKe»« fay Odkkm, of F\ilda. If «e credit the statenent of Dempster, Sl KondilEar wrote " lostractio ad FMstos. " hlK i, and loarisbed ajk 755. The lWhndi\li at the 9di of April waifc,* that OeScettiih BRviaiy, quoted by Dempster, cannot be the BreviaiT of Abci^ deen, in which no acooont of St Kimdakar is to be feond. He ts Uwu^ to be same as Gondadur, mentioned by Notker, at the 5th ofJune, in his MaitjTology. We have set down the foccgoii« aotioek as IieUnd may poss3>ly have a claim to this holy Uaitji's nativtey.
Crntl) Sap of ;3pnL
ARTICLE L—ST. CUAKJJA OF ROS-EO, OR RUSH, COUKn* (^F DUBUN. iSEVE/TTH ASD EKftTM CEjnVK/SS. )
CUANNA'S festival and name are entered, in the Feilire of St "
ST. . £ngus; he is noted, as being my. il and ex. Martyrology of T. ^Uagh. at theiv. of the Ide5—or ic.
while, in the —the date is
also set down, ; n the Jcn>» Virgin, applied
in some of our '>
Jit, the present s,>int was a
female ; but, it seems most likciy, he was . » man, the cwlojsistic tern* applietl bein^ intended to denote the virtue of continency, which he possessetl in so iiuinont a degree. The O'Clerys' Calendar calls hira the son of Moidharn. ' He sprang from the seed of Enna, son to Niall ; and, he was a noble virgin, in body ajid soul, as a gloss on the Feilire of . 'Kcnghus * states. He sccins to
Articlk IX. —"S** " Hktoria BccledM- locha i m BiwhiJI- •• *«» *«»•" Sw Rev. '. intit Scotofwn," Ioibm iL, lib. x. Dr. Kelly* *'C«lena»r «»f IrUh . Snlnt*. Mk,
'
of
in«n b refcr-
in niAig loch* 111 bt\e. \i;. \ib in n^|^ttr 00.
' ^
* In > glo»» to the " Fci'i'-
luiUI to have been kmi of I
Knn«, »on of Nmll llie
Thu annotation in to be fouitJ, in the
765, p. 416.
1 1 . ,
p. xxi. The Vrancivdn entry i» l'UAn«»
tish SainK" i> * Lib. ii. ,
' Sec " A
I'x'i
fhi»ho»y \ D. 755.
Uip
red ("
' hcc iiLii M. . ;ium Scoticum," «t
\t. . l. . rn in i to ii;«<l.
April i», Bubop Korba" " Kalen«lM» of Scut-
rli, X. A ij Uw pretetmittcd fwat*,
copy. "
|,.
,si,,.
ARTICLE! . —'Thi»"Ctumn«Vir. IMtigh
.
is citwi.
lum," tomu* I. , Ap-
" Lobliar Hrcac "
» Ur. Tml. l wiym Hie glo. . alUiUed to
it a> fullows :—"1. /. , Vitgo uobiUt ootpoM et ipiritu. "
90
UVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April io.
have been born, some time in the seventh century. We know little regarding J this saint, but what is recorded, in the Martyrologies of St. y^ingus, of Tam-
lacht, of Marianus O'Gorman, and of the O'Clerys. These say, that he was of Ros-eo ; and, it is generally allowed, that it lay in Magh Lacha territory. Now,
Magh Lacha is supposed to be the present Mailough, a part of Fore barony, in the county of Westmeath,^ according to one account. His place was situated, as others have it, in the eastern part of Magh-Breagh,or Meath. An excellent authority on Irish topography tells us, that Ros-eo means the " Wood of the yews ;" and, that it is no otner than the present village of Rush. s in Dublin County. * Within a very beautiful demesne, in the neighbourhood, are to be seen considerable and interesting ruins of an old chapel, or chantry, called Kinure. 7 It lies in a solemn, lone, sequestered situation, and, it is thickly
—
with festoons of ivy. ^ Whether Kinure had any connexion with
over-arched,
St Cuanna, however, may well admit of doubt. It is represented I know \
Annotation of William M. Hennessy, to
' It is not named on the Ordnance Survey
Map.
" See D'Alton's " of Dro- John History
gheda. with its Environs, and an Introductory Memoir of the Dublin and Drogheda Rail-
way,"vol. i. , p. cviii.
«See John D'Alton's "History of the
County of Dublin," pp. 428, 429.
his copy of the
"
Martyrology of Donegal. "
5 It is atown, in the of and parish Lusk,
barony of Balrothery East. It is described,
on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps
fortheCountyofDublin,"sheet8.
'
See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (r), p. 315.
Kinure Old Church, County of Dublin.
not on what grounds—to have been dedicated to a St. Damnan. A spring, locally known as St. Catherine's well, maybe seen issuing from a rock, in an avenue, conducting from Rush mansion to this old church. Several interesting tomb-stones rest within the enclosure. 9 It may be observed, that Kinure old
church is of an oblong shape, and it measures externally, 52 feet in length, by 22 in breadth. It lies, within the demesne of Sir Roger Palmer, and its nearly
April io. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 91
circular enclosure, beside a bright stream, is completely overshadowed by venerable trees. "" We find, from an entry, in the Annals of the Four Masters,"
and in Colgan," that St Cuanna, of Ros-eo, died, on the 10th of April, a. d. 717. The Annals of Ulster, however, refer his death to the year 720. The
MartjTology of Donegal '3 enters, on this day, the name of Cuanna, son to Moidharn, of Ruseo, and, at Maghlacha,'^ in the east of Magh Breagh, his place is said to have been situated. This saint was venerated, likewise, in Scotland, as we learn at this date, from the Kalendar of Drummond. '^
Article II. —St. Berchan, Aego, or Egg Island, Scotland. Dur- ing the sixth, seventh and eighth centuries, the interior Hebrides, or those near the coast, were setded by Gaelic colonists, many of whom migrated directly from Ireland, and still more from the Irish settlements, in Argyle. ' The feast of Berchan Eago is met with, in the Martyrology of Tallagh,'at the
lothofApril ThewordAego,'intheopinionofRev. Dr. Reeves,*may refer to the Island of Egg, or Eigg, one of the Hebrides, off Scotland's western
coast. 5 It is distinguished, by a peculiarly shaped hill, which terminates in a lofty peak,* called the Scuir of Eigg,' which is a veritable Giant's Causeway, like that on the coast of Antrim, and columnar from end to end. ' In the south-east comer of the Island, and not far from the landing-place, there is a remarkable cave, called Uamh Fhraing ;» and, northwards, in the Bay of Laig, there is an oolitic sand, which, according to Hugh Millar, emits dis- tinct musical sounds, on being struck. '" This Island is about five or six miles
in length, by three in breadth, while, for the most part, it is moory, and of a
" The accompanying illustration is from a sketch by the writer, taken August, 1882 ; it has been transferred to the wood, by William F. Wakeman, having been engraved
Mrs. Millard.
It is also Latinized Egea insula, in Adam- nan's " Vila S. Columbie," lib. iii. , cap. 18. * See his Edition, at p. 223, and n. (c).
s It is well defined, on Alexander Keith
" Atlas of Modern Geo- Johnston's Royal
graphy," Map 8.
by "
See Dr. O'Donovan's Edition, vol. i. ,
PP- 3*4, 3'5-
"See "Acta Sanctorum HibemiiE,"
Februarii iv. De S. Cuanna sive Cuanua- chio Abbate, n. 2, p. 251.
'
Itis 1,346 feet in height, formed of pitch-
'J Edited
by
Drs. Todd and
stone and porphyry.
' There is a very interesting account of
the Scuir of Eigg, in Archibald Geikie's
" of Scotland viewed in connexion Scenery
with its Physical Geology," chap, x. , pp.
to 282.
' Under the old foundations of this large
wall are the remains of a pine forest, and tlie
tree which formed thb fossil-wood has been
known to geologists as Pinites Eiggensis.
' Travellers often land to visit it. On a
certain occasion, the Macleods of Skye smothered all the inhabitants of the Island, who took to from
Reeves, pp.
" The copulative seems to have been introduced here through mistake, for in the Martyrology of Tamlacht, and in the gloss for Marian Gorman (the authority for the location of saints which this Calendar follows), Kos-eo
is placed in Maghlacha. "
'5 This we find, in Bishop Forbes' " Ka-
98. 99-
'• In a note, Dr. Reeves here
says,
278
lendars of Scottish Saints,"
—" Et
apud
refuge there, escape threatened vengeance, and to—this massa-
Hilierniam Sancta virgo Cuanda ad Chris-
tum penexit," at p. 10.
cre, Sir Waller Scott alludes
"
"
George
Chalmers'
Article n. —' See
Caledonia, or an Account, Historical and
:
A numerous race, ere stem Macleod O'er their bleak shores in vengeance
strode,
When all in vain the ocean cave Its retuge to its victims gave. "
Topographic, of North Britain ; from the most ancient to the present Times : with a Dictionary of Places, Chronographi- cal and Philological," voL i. , Book ii. , chap, v. , p. 265.
—"Lord of the canto sect. ix. Isles," iv. ,
'" See " Handbook for Travel- Murray's
lers in Scotland," Route 56, pp. 311, 312.
" Edited Rev. Dr. xxl. by Kelly, p.
Franciscan copy has bepch«in 650.
The
' We are told, or <\e5, gen xJego,
-dej;*, is the Irish form for Egg Island in Scotland.
5i LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April io.
light, gravely soil.
" The Bollandists " have the entry of Berchanus de Ega,
at this date, on the authority of the Martyrology of Tallagh. Again, we find set down, in the Martyrology of Donegal, '3 as having been venerated on this
day,Berchan,Aego. Moreregardinghim,wecannotfind.
Article III. —St. Midhghus, or Midgusa. You are recommended to meditate on God, with a continued renewal of your trust in Him, till you feel that you love with sincere delight, and that you cannot live a day without His presence. ' This was the usual and daily occupation of his pious servants on earth. In the Martyrology of Tallagh,^ at the loth of April, appears the name, St. Midgusa. On the same authority, the Bollandists 3 enter Midgusius, and, it will be noticed, with a different termination. Again, the Martyrology ofDonegal* thisdayrecordsthenameofMidhghus,ashavingbeenvene- rated.
Article IV. —St. Herednat, or Eretnatan, Virgin, of Tulach Bennain. [Probably in the Sixth Centuryi\ At the loth day of April, the
entry, Eretnatan, Vir. , is set down, in the Martyrology of Tallagh. ' Marianus O'Gorman, and a commentator on ^ngus, also, note this festival. The Bol-
landists ^ notice Erednata at this date. From the only Virgo,
following This holy
Article V. —St. Malachus, Bishop of Lismore, County of Water-
ford. [^Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. ] In the first edition of John Molanus, who has added to Usuard's Martyrology, there is an entry of Malachus,
Bishop of Lesmore, in Ireland, at the loth day of April. The same notice is to be found, in Canisius and Ferrarius, as the Bollandists observe,' at this
date. The present holy man is thought by them, to have been that Bishop
' See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Ap-
rilis x. Among the pretermitted saints, p.
856.
3 His Life is to be seen, in the First
Volume of this work, at the 3rd day of
cumstance, we may infer, she flourished in the sixth century.
virgin—also called Ernait—is said to have been daughter to King Kiannacht, and to have lived at first, in the north of Ireland. Her coming to a place, called Tulach Bennain, is said to have been foretold by St. Fintan of Dunbleis- que,3 when he was at Kell Fintain. 't Both places, it is supposed, were in the south of Ireland. 5 There was a festival, celebrated on this day, in honour of Herednat, as we read, in the Martyrology of Donegal. ^
" See a description of it, by the Rev. Donald Maclean, in "The New Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. xiv. Inverness- shire, pp. 145 to 148.
" See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Ap- rilis X. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 856.
January.
* See Colgan's
"
Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
'3 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
98,99.
Article hi. —' See "Star of Bethle-
nise," iii. Januarii. Vita S. Fintani, cap. vii. , p. II.
s See zi5/a'. , nn. 14, 15.
'Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 98, 99. After the entry of this name, in the table appended to this work, we find in-
hem. "
'
Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxi. Franciscan copy reads Sci nii-ogu]-^.
The
3 See "Ada Sanctorum," tomus
rilis X. Among the pretermitted saints, p. certain comments. These words, "[Her-
Ap-
856.
* Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp
serted, in Irish and within brackets, English
98, 99. — Article IV.
'
translation. S—ee Md. , pp. 426, 427. '
Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxi. The Franciscan copy has efea'onA-
Article v. See "Acta Sanctorum,"
CAtl
Uip.
tomusi. , Aprilisx. Amongthepretermitted saints, p. 857.
i. ,
meadachandHermcnas seeEirmeadhach ;
and Ermin], (10 Apr. )," are the English
cir-
April I o. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 93
of Lismore, in Ireland, and who lived contemporaneously with St. Malachy O'Morgair. " He was born of respectable parents, about the middle of the eleventh century. Although a native of Ireland, Malclius had spent a long time in the monastery at Winchester,^ in England, where his education seems to have been chiefly obtained. This holy man was well versed, in the canon- ical observances of the universal Church, and he had a great reputation for learning. * He was raised to the priesthood, and he lived as a monk, under BishopWalchelin,ofWinchester. Suchwerethegraceshereceived,thathe was not only illustrious for the purity of his doctrine and morals, but even for the performance of miracles. In illustration of this latter statement, the greatSt. Bernard' citestwowell-knownexamples. Oneofthesewasaman who had been deaf, and who was restored to the sense of hearing, when Malchus applied his fingers, to the ears of that afflicted person. Another instancewasthatofaboy,whoseintellecthadbeenweak; butwho,itseems, was able to receive confirmation, at the hands of Malchus, when the latter had become a bishop. When he participated in the graces of that holy sacrament, the boy obtained such a gift of understanding, that the bishop was enabled to appoint him, almost immediately afterwards, as the ostiarius of his house ; and, this function, the boy continued to discharge, until he grew on to the age of manhood. * In the eleventh century, the city of Waterford was inhabited, principally by Danes, or Ostmen, who had embraced the Christian religion. ' It was subject, however, to Murtogh O'Brien, King of Munster, in the year 1095, when it was constituted an Episcopal See. An election had been held by the clergy and laity of that city, and Malchus was unanimously
chosen for the Episcopal charge f this choice was also appoved by Murtogh
O'Brien, and by his brother Derraod, by Domnald, Bishop of Cashel, by
Samuel O'Haingley, Bishop of Dublin, by Idunan, Bishop of Meath, by Fer- domnach, a Leinster Bishop, and by others. ' A letter was directed to St.
Anselm,'" then Bishop of Canterbury, and signed by the above-named Princes and Prelates, in the name of the,Waterford clergy and people. " In this epistle, it was stated, that as Waterford city tlien contained a numerous popu- lation, that as it had remained without pastoral care, and that as it had been exposed to various perils, which were detrimental fo faith and morals ; the
petitioners judged it expedient, in consequence, to apply for the appointment of a local bishop. Malchus was deemed a person, best suited to discharge
this office, owing to his prudence, piety, and learning. The Danes of Lime- rick, as also those of Dublin, appear to have preferred union in ecclesiastical
*HU Life will be found, at the 3rd of No- sibos transmisssE subscribit Samutl Dub-
vonbcr, the date for his feast.
^ " In Wintoninui inoiia*terio,"a« we find
Uniensium et Ftrdonuuhus Laginiensium EpiKopus. "—Ussher's Index Chronolo-
it recorded. gicus,
"
Britannicairuiii Eccletiarum Anti-
' He was well vetted in Apostolic and
quitates," p. 545.
'"He departed this life, on the 2lst of
April, A. D. 1 109, in the seventy-sixth year of his age, and in the sixteenth of his remark- able pontificate. His Acts by Eadmer are to be found, with an Introduction, in the BolUndists'"ActaSanctorum,"tomusii. , Aprilis xxi. De Sancto Anselmo Archiepis- copo Cantuariensi in Anglia, pp. 865 to 953.
"^In writing to Ansclm, they say :" Prop-
tera nos, et Kex nostcr Murchertachus Dom-
naldiis, et Dermeth Dux noster frater Regis,
ecclesiastical discipline, accordwg to £ad- "
mer, in Historia Novorum," lib. ii. , pars. ii. , cap. L
I The Abbot of Clairvaux, whose festival occurs, at the 20th of August.
'SeeViuS. Malachiae,cap. iv. ,"Open" S. Bemardi, tomus ii.
' See Smith's
"
Ancient and Present State
of the County and City of Waterford,"
chap, iv. , p. 98.
• See Archdeacon Henry Cotton's " Fasti
Ecclesix liibernicae," vol. L Diocese of Waterford, p. 116.
•"Mxciv. EpiswUe ad Anstlmum Cas\- tnaiiensem aicluepiscopum a Wateifoidica-
tlegimus hunc presbyterum Malchum, Wale-
helini Wintoniensis Ejiiscopi Monachum,"—
"
laruiik Syl^e," li^pi^t. , ;pLXi,,,p. s^.
Ussher'j
Veterum Hibernicarum £pisto-,
94 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April io.
government, with the Northmen, then powerful in England. The present instance, with a few others of similar character, will not, however, bear out the assertion, that the See of Canterbury held a supremacy over the churches ofIreland. " Beingappointed,asthebeareroftheletteralludedto,'3Mal- chus went over to England, in the year \ 096. He was very graciously received by Anselni. This holy Prelate judged the Irish priest selected, to be in every respect qualified for the higher office, to which he had been elected. He was consecrated by St. Anselm,''* Archbishop of Canterbury, on the 28th of Decem- ber, A. D. 1 096,^5 Ralph, Bishop of Chichester, and Gundulph, Bishop of Ro-
: chester,assisting. Aprofessionwasmade,inthefollowingterms "Elected
for the Church of VVaterford, and to be consecrated Bishop by thee. Rev. Father Anselm, Archbishop over the holy Church of Canterbury, and Primate
of all Britain, I Malchus do promise, that I will observe canonical obedience, in all things, to thee, and to thy successors. " The newly consecrated Bishop shortly afterwards returned to VVaterford. With the assistance of his Ostmen or Danish flock, Malchus built the cathedral there. This church at Water-
ford, formerly dedicated to the Blessed Trinity, was, at a subsequent period, denominated Christ's Church. '^ Very interesting notices of this edifice are
on record. '' Malchus is found holding that See, A. D. 11 10, but the year of
his death is not recorded -^^ hence, the uncertainty which arises, to ascertain, if this holy Malchus be the very learned and sage Malchus, who lived as Bishop of Lismore, for several years after the previous date. Our acces- sible records are not sufficiently clear, on this point ;'9 but, we believe, that strongcircumstantialevidencewillgofartoestablishtheiridentity. Certain reports had reached St. Anselm regarding the practices of Samuel O'Haingly, or 0'Hanly,=° the Bishop of Dublin, who had not faithfully discharged some trusts,leftforthebenefitofhisSee. Sinioniacaldealingshadbeenattributed to hmi, by rumour. From the year 1095, when King Muirtach O'Brien, monarch of all Ireland, drove out the local Danish ruler, Godfrid Merenagh, to A. D. 1 1 20, when the monarch's death took place, no other king of the Dublin Ostmen seems to have reigned," in that city. Before the death of Arch-
" " Hibernienses a suis Episcopos postu-
'* See Archdeacon Cotton's " Fasti Henry
Ecclesias Hibernicse," vol. i. , Diocese of Waterford, p. 116.
latos, vel electos a Cantuariensibus Archi- episcopis confirmariatquesacrarisolitosesse,
ex his constare potest, &c. —Parker,
"
De
' the next Melisa O-Hamire is
recorded
Antiquitate Britannicae Ecclesise," p. 33.
'3 This letter begins with the following
words, "Anselmo Dei gratia Anglorum archiepiscopo, et omnibus diocesis sute epis-
Bishop, after Malchus of Waterford, orPort-
largi, as called by the Irish, or Britons,
according to the supplement of Tighernach's
Annals, and he died, in 1135 or 1136. See
Harris'Ware,vol. i. , "BishopsofWater-
ford," p. 527. We find the death of one
Mac-Mic-/Educan, under the heading of
"
Bishops of Lismore," at A. D. 1 1 1 3, zii/(/. p. 550. Again, at the year 1128, we have the deathof " Mac-Maras Ua Reabhachain, suc- cessor of Mochuda," recorded. See Dr.
copis, Clerus at Populus oppidi Watafordise, cum rege Murchertacho et Episcopo Dom-
naldo, salutem in Domino. " — "Veterum Hibernicarum Epistolarum Syl- loge. " No. xxxiv.
'• A very beautifully-written and interes-
"
S. Tint Anselm," by R. W. Church, Rector of Whatley, appeared in 1870. Throughout there is a fair appre- ciation of this great saint's career, although the work in question has been written by a
Protestant minister.
found.
5 See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Ap-
rilis ix. the (easts. Among pretermitted
p. 8 10.
'See "Kalendars of Scottish Saints. '
p. 326.
pp. Article vii.
tomus i. , Aprilis ix. ted saints, p. 809.
Among the pretermit-
In Blaviana Scotioe. "
Geographia
"
fromThe At-
Aril iol] LIVES OF TBE IXiSB SJUXTS.
o^dathediedxjk50a,btliedoesaoty»eibeSKmm»ii>wjK. tlasirfh»- naiianhadbeendanoL AwMkeofAitSMftisgnt%mli«««tk«(
BbfaopFadxs. *
Amtxs IX. —Rmmo Fust of St. RoiiMcaat Scmr% lykxiK Mn»
MAKTnt,GsutAHT. [£«MGwftiij. ] WeareiafonMd»byDeakpsMr«» that Knndecar was a Scat; tfiatbewas a noak and a disciple «Mcr St Bwiifafe,'inGei—ay; aBd,tltttbesharedtheMiatjidoaiofttishtteihq^y Aposde, who endeavooied to (kav the Geaties bum daikness toriw lifhtw dieGoapd. * Foraarinrity,hequotesFenariis,asalsotheBrevtarimaSco^ ticnn, and a Life of Sl BonifiKe»« fay Odkkm, of F\ilda. If «e credit the statenent of Dempster, Sl KondilEar wrote " lostractio ad FMstos. " hlK i, and loarisbed ajk 755. The lWhndi\li at the 9di of April waifc,* that OeScettiih BRviaiy, quoted by Dempster, cannot be the BreviaiT of Abci^ deen, in which no acooont of St Kimdakar is to be feond. He ts Uwu^ to be same as Gondadur, mentioned by Notker, at the 5th ofJune, in his MaitjTology. We have set down the foccgoii« aotioek as IieUnd may poss3>ly have a claim to this holy Uaitji's nativtey.
Crntl) Sap of ;3pnL
ARTICLE L—ST. CUAKJJA OF ROS-EO, OR RUSH, COUKn* (^F DUBUN. iSEVE/TTH ASD EKftTM CEjnVK/SS. )
CUANNA'S festival and name are entered, in the Feilire of St "
ST. . £ngus; he is noted, as being my. il and ex. Martyrology of T. ^Uagh. at theiv. of the Ide5—or ic.
while, in the —the date is
also set down, ; n the Jcn>» Virgin, applied
in some of our '>
Jit, the present s,>int was a
female ; but, it seems most likciy, he was . » man, the cwlojsistic tern* applietl bein^ intended to denote the virtue of continency, which he possessetl in so iiuinont a degree. The O'Clerys' Calendar calls hira the son of Moidharn. ' He sprang from the seed of Enna, son to Niall ; and, he was a noble virgin, in body ajid soul, as a gloss on the Feilire of . 'Kcnghus * states. He sccins to
Articlk IX. —"S** " Hktoria BccledM- locha i m BiwhiJI- •• *«» *«»•" Sw Rev. '. intit Scotofwn," Ioibm iL, lib. x. Dr. Kelly* *'C«lena»r «»f IrUh . Snlnt*. Mk,
'
of
in«n b refcr-
in niAig loch* 111 bt\e. \i;. \ib in n^|^ttr 00.
' ^
* In > glo»» to the " Fci'i'-
luiUI to have been kmi of I
Knn«, »on of Nmll llie
Thu annotation in to be fouitJ, in the
765, p. 416.
1 1 . ,
p. xxi. The Vrancivdn entry i» l'UAn«»
tish SainK" i> * Lib. ii. ,
' Sec " A
I'x'i
fhi»ho»y \ D. 755.
Uip
red ("
' hcc iiLii M. . ;ium Scoticum," «t
\t. . l. . rn in i to ii;«<l.
April i», Bubop Korba" " Kalen«lM» of Scut-
rli, X. A ij Uw pretetmittcd fwat*,
copy. "
|,.
,si,,.
ARTICLE! . —'Thi»"Ctumn«Vir. IMtigh
.
is citwi.
lum," tomu* I. , Ap-
" Lobliar Hrcac "
» Ur. Tml. l wiym Hie glo. . alUiUed to
it a> fullows :—"1. /. , Vitgo uobiUt ootpoM et ipiritu. "
90
UVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April io.
have been born, some time in the seventh century. We know little regarding J this saint, but what is recorded, in the Martyrologies of St. y^ingus, of Tam-
lacht, of Marianus O'Gorman, and of the O'Clerys. These say, that he was of Ros-eo ; and, it is generally allowed, that it lay in Magh Lacha territory. Now,
Magh Lacha is supposed to be the present Mailough, a part of Fore barony, in the county of Westmeath,^ according to one account. His place was situated, as others have it, in the eastern part of Magh-Breagh,or Meath. An excellent authority on Irish topography tells us, that Ros-eo means the " Wood of the yews ;" and, that it is no otner than the present village of Rush. s in Dublin County. * Within a very beautiful demesne, in the neighbourhood, are to be seen considerable and interesting ruins of an old chapel, or chantry, called Kinure. 7 It lies in a solemn, lone, sequestered situation, and, it is thickly
—
with festoons of ivy. ^ Whether Kinure had any connexion with
over-arched,
St Cuanna, however, may well admit of doubt. It is represented I know \
Annotation of William M. Hennessy, to
' It is not named on the Ordnance Survey
Map.
" See D'Alton's " of Dro- John History
gheda. with its Environs, and an Introductory Memoir of the Dublin and Drogheda Rail-
way,"vol. i. , p. cviii.
«See John D'Alton's "History of the
County of Dublin," pp. 428, 429.
his copy of the
"
Martyrology of Donegal. "
5 It is atown, in the of and parish Lusk,
barony of Balrothery East. It is described,
on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps
fortheCountyofDublin,"sheet8.
'
See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (r), p. 315.
Kinure Old Church, County of Dublin.
not on what grounds—to have been dedicated to a St. Damnan. A spring, locally known as St. Catherine's well, maybe seen issuing from a rock, in an avenue, conducting from Rush mansion to this old church. Several interesting tomb-stones rest within the enclosure. 9 It may be observed, that Kinure old
church is of an oblong shape, and it measures externally, 52 feet in length, by 22 in breadth. It lies, within the demesne of Sir Roger Palmer, and its nearly
April io. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 91
circular enclosure, beside a bright stream, is completely overshadowed by venerable trees. "" We find, from an entry, in the Annals of the Four Masters,"
and in Colgan," that St Cuanna, of Ros-eo, died, on the 10th of April, a. d. 717. The Annals of Ulster, however, refer his death to the year 720. The
MartjTology of Donegal '3 enters, on this day, the name of Cuanna, son to Moidharn, of Ruseo, and, at Maghlacha,'^ in the east of Magh Breagh, his place is said to have been situated. This saint was venerated, likewise, in Scotland, as we learn at this date, from the Kalendar of Drummond. '^
Article II. —St. Berchan, Aego, or Egg Island, Scotland. Dur- ing the sixth, seventh and eighth centuries, the interior Hebrides, or those near the coast, were setded by Gaelic colonists, many of whom migrated directly from Ireland, and still more from the Irish settlements, in Argyle. ' The feast of Berchan Eago is met with, in the Martyrology of Tallagh,'at the
lothofApril ThewordAego,'intheopinionofRev. Dr. Reeves,*may refer to the Island of Egg, or Eigg, one of the Hebrides, off Scotland's western
coast. 5 It is distinguished, by a peculiarly shaped hill, which terminates in a lofty peak,* called the Scuir of Eigg,' which is a veritable Giant's Causeway, like that on the coast of Antrim, and columnar from end to end. ' In the south-east comer of the Island, and not far from the landing-place, there is a remarkable cave, called Uamh Fhraing ;» and, northwards, in the Bay of Laig, there is an oolitic sand, which, according to Hugh Millar, emits dis- tinct musical sounds, on being struck. '" This Island is about five or six miles
in length, by three in breadth, while, for the most part, it is moory, and of a
" The accompanying illustration is from a sketch by the writer, taken August, 1882 ; it has been transferred to the wood, by William F. Wakeman, having been engraved
Mrs. Millard.
It is also Latinized Egea insula, in Adam- nan's " Vila S. Columbie," lib. iii. , cap. 18. * See his Edition, at p. 223, and n. (c).
s It is well defined, on Alexander Keith
" Atlas of Modern Geo- Johnston's Royal
graphy," Map 8.
by "
See Dr. O'Donovan's Edition, vol. i. ,
PP- 3*4, 3'5-
"See "Acta Sanctorum HibemiiE,"
Februarii iv. De S. Cuanna sive Cuanua- chio Abbate, n. 2, p. 251.
'
Itis 1,346 feet in height, formed of pitch-
'J Edited
by
Drs. Todd and
stone and porphyry.
' There is a very interesting account of
the Scuir of Eigg, in Archibald Geikie's
" of Scotland viewed in connexion Scenery
with its Physical Geology," chap, x. , pp.
to 282.
' Under the old foundations of this large
wall are the remains of a pine forest, and tlie
tree which formed thb fossil-wood has been
known to geologists as Pinites Eiggensis.
' Travellers often land to visit it. On a
certain occasion, the Macleods of Skye smothered all the inhabitants of the Island, who took to from
Reeves, pp.
" The copulative seems to have been introduced here through mistake, for in the Martyrology of Tamlacht, and in the gloss for Marian Gorman (the authority for the location of saints which this Calendar follows), Kos-eo
is placed in Maghlacha. "
'5 This we find, in Bishop Forbes' " Ka-
98. 99-
'• In a note, Dr. Reeves here
says,
278
lendars of Scottish Saints,"
—" Et
apud
refuge there, escape threatened vengeance, and to—this massa-
Hilierniam Sancta virgo Cuanda ad Chris-
tum penexit," at p. 10.
cre, Sir Waller Scott alludes
"
"
George
Chalmers'
Article n. —' See
Caledonia, or an Account, Historical and
:
A numerous race, ere stem Macleod O'er their bleak shores in vengeance
strode,
When all in vain the ocean cave Its retuge to its victims gave. "
Topographic, of North Britain ; from the most ancient to the present Times : with a Dictionary of Places, Chronographi- cal and Philological," voL i. , Book ii. , chap, v. , p. 265.
—"Lord of the canto sect. ix. Isles," iv. ,
'" See " Handbook for Travel- Murray's
lers in Scotland," Route 56, pp. 311, 312.
" Edited Rev. Dr. xxl. by Kelly, p.
Franciscan copy has bepch«in 650.
The
' We are told, or <\e5, gen xJego,
-dej;*, is the Irish form for Egg Island in Scotland.
5i LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April io.
light, gravely soil.
" The Bollandists " have the entry of Berchanus de Ega,
at this date, on the authority of the Martyrology of Tallagh. Again, we find set down, in the Martyrology of Donegal, '3 as having been venerated on this
day,Berchan,Aego. Moreregardinghim,wecannotfind.
Article III. —St. Midhghus, or Midgusa. You are recommended to meditate on God, with a continued renewal of your trust in Him, till you feel that you love with sincere delight, and that you cannot live a day without His presence. ' This was the usual and daily occupation of his pious servants on earth. In the Martyrology of Tallagh,^ at the loth of April, appears the name, St. Midgusa. On the same authority, the Bollandists 3 enter Midgusius, and, it will be noticed, with a different termination. Again, the Martyrology ofDonegal* thisdayrecordsthenameofMidhghus,ashavingbeenvene- rated.
Article IV. —St. Herednat, or Eretnatan, Virgin, of Tulach Bennain. [Probably in the Sixth Centuryi\ At the loth day of April, the
entry, Eretnatan, Vir. , is set down, in the Martyrology of Tallagh. ' Marianus O'Gorman, and a commentator on ^ngus, also, note this festival. The Bol-
landists ^ notice Erednata at this date. From the only Virgo,
following This holy
Article V. —St. Malachus, Bishop of Lismore, County of Water-
ford. [^Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. ] In the first edition of John Molanus, who has added to Usuard's Martyrology, there is an entry of Malachus,
Bishop of Lesmore, in Ireland, at the loth day of April. The same notice is to be found, in Canisius and Ferrarius, as the Bollandists observe,' at this
date. The present holy man is thought by them, to have been that Bishop
' See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Ap-
rilis x. Among the pretermitted saints, p.
856.
3 His Life is to be seen, in the First
Volume of this work, at the 3rd day of
cumstance, we may infer, she flourished in the sixth century.
virgin—also called Ernait—is said to have been daughter to King Kiannacht, and to have lived at first, in the north of Ireland. Her coming to a place, called Tulach Bennain, is said to have been foretold by St. Fintan of Dunbleis- que,3 when he was at Kell Fintain. 't Both places, it is supposed, were in the south of Ireland. 5 There was a festival, celebrated on this day, in honour of Herednat, as we read, in the Martyrology of Donegal. ^
" See a description of it, by the Rev. Donald Maclean, in "The New Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. xiv. Inverness- shire, pp. 145 to 148.
" See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Ap- rilis X. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 856.
January.
* See Colgan's
"
Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
'3 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
98,99.
Article hi. —' See "Star of Bethle-
nise," iii. Januarii. Vita S. Fintani, cap. vii. , p. II.
s See zi5/a'. , nn. 14, 15.
'Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 98, 99. After the entry of this name, in the table appended to this work, we find in-
hem. "
'
Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxi. Franciscan copy reads Sci nii-ogu]-^.
The
3 See "Ada Sanctorum," tomus
rilis X. Among the pretermitted saints, p. certain comments. These words, "[Her-
Ap-
856.
* Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp
serted, in Irish and within brackets, English
98, 99. — Article IV.
'
translation. S—ee Md. , pp. 426, 427. '
Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxi. The Franciscan copy has efea'onA-
Article v. See "Acta Sanctorum,"
CAtl
Uip.
tomusi. , Aprilisx. Amongthepretermitted saints, p. 857.
i. ,
meadachandHermcnas seeEirmeadhach ;
and Ermin], (10 Apr. )," are the English
cir-
April I o. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 93
of Lismore, in Ireland, and who lived contemporaneously with St. Malachy O'Morgair. " He was born of respectable parents, about the middle of the eleventh century. Although a native of Ireland, Malclius had spent a long time in the monastery at Winchester,^ in England, where his education seems to have been chiefly obtained. This holy man was well versed, in the canon- ical observances of the universal Church, and he had a great reputation for learning. * He was raised to the priesthood, and he lived as a monk, under BishopWalchelin,ofWinchester. Suchwerethegraceshereceived,thathe was not only illustrious for the purity of his doctrine and morals, but even for the performance of miracles. In illustration of this latter statement, the greatSt. Bernard' citestwowell-knownexamples. Oneofthesewasaman who had been deaf, and who was restored to the sense of hearing, when Malchus applied his fingers, to the ears of that afflicted person. Another instancewasthatofaboy,whoseintellecthadbeenweak; butwho,itseems, was able to receive confirmation, at the hands of Malchus, when the latter had become a bishop. When he participated in the graces of that holy sacrament, the boy obtained such a gift of understanding, that the bishop was enabled to appoint him, almost immediately afterwards, as the ostiarius of his house ; and, this function, the boy continued to discharge, until he grew on to the age of manhood. * In the eleventh century, the city of Waterford was inhabited, principally by Danes, or Ostmen, who had embraced the Christian religion. ' It was subject, however, to Murtogh O'Brien, King of Munster, in the year 1095, when it was constituted an Episcopal See. An election had been held by the clergy and laity of that city, and Malchus was unanimously
chosen for the Episcopal charge f this choice was also appoved by Murtogh
O'Brien, and by his brother Derraod, by Domnald, Bishop of Cashel, by
Samuel O'Haingley, Bishop of Dublin, by Idunan, Bishop of Meath, by Fer- domnach, a Leinster Bishop, and by others. ' A letter was directed to St.
Anselm,'" then Bishop of Canterbury, and signed by the above-named Princes and Prelates, in the name of the,Waterford clergy and people. " In this epistle, it was stated, that as Waterford city tlien contained a numerous popu- lation, that as it had remained without pastoral care, and that as it had been exposed to various perils, which were detrimental fo faith and morals ; the
petitioners judged it expedient, in consequence, to apply for the appointment of a local bishop. Malchus was deemed a person, best suited to discharge
this office, owing to his prudence, piety, and learning. The Danes of Lime- rick, as also those of Dublin, appear to have preferred union in ecclesiastical
*HU Life will be found, at the 3rd of No- sibos transmisssE subscribit Samutl Dub-
vonbcr, the date for his feast.
^ " In Wintoninui inoiia*terio,"a« we find
Uniensium et Ftrdonuuhus Laginiensium EpiKopus. "—Ussher's Index Chronolo-
it recorded. gicus,
"
Britannicairuiii Eccletiarum Anti-
' He was well vetted in Apostolic and
quitates," p. 545.
'"He departed this life, on the 2lst of
April, A. D. 1 109, in the seventy-sixth year of his age, and in the sixteenth of his remark- able pontificate. His Acts by Eadmer are to be found, with an Introduction, in the BolUndists'"ActaSanctorum,"tomusii. , Aprilis xxi. De Sancto Anselmo Archiepis- copo Cantuariensi in Anglia, pp. 865 to 953.
"^In writing to Ansclm, they say :" Prop-
tera nos, et Kex nostcr Murchertachus Dom-
naldiis, et Dermeth Dux noster frater Regis,
ecclesiastical discipline, accordwg to £ad- "
mer, in Historia Novorum," lib. ii. , pars. ii. , cap. L
I The Abbot of Clairvaux, whose festival occurs, at the 20th of August.
'SeeViuS. Malachiae,cap. iv. ,"Open" S. Bemardi, tomus ii.
' See Smith's
"
Ancient and Present State
of the County and City of Waterford,"
chap, iv. , p. 98.
• See Archdeacon Henry Cotton's " Fasti
Ecclesix liibernicae," vol. L Diocese of Waterford, p. 116.
•"Mxciv. EpiswUe ad Anstlmum Cas\- tnaiiensem aicluepiscopum a Wateifoidica-
tlegimus hunc presbyterum Malchum, Wale-
helini Wintoniensis Ejiiscopi Monachum,"—
"
laruiik Syl^e," li^pi^t. , ;pLXi,,,p. s^.
Ussher'j
Veterum Hibernicarum £pisto-,
94 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April io.
government, with the Northmen, then powerful in England. The present instance, with a few others of similar character, will not, however, bear out the assertion, that the See of Canterbury held a supremacy over the churches ofIreland. " Beingappointed,asthebeareroftheletteralludedto,'3Mal- chus went over to England, in the year \ 096. He was very graciously received by Anselni. This holy Prelate judged the Irish priest selected, to be in every respect qualified for the higher office, to which he had been elected. He was consecrated by St. Anselm,''* Archbishop of Canterbury, on the 28th of Decem- ber, A. D. 1 096,^5 Ralph, Bishop of Chichester, and Gundulph, Bishop of Ro-
: chester,assisting. Aprofessionwasmade,inthefollowingterms "Elected
for the Church of VVaterford, and to be consecrated Bishop by thee. Rev. Father Anselm, Archbishop over the holy Church of Canterbury, and Primate
of all Britain, I Malchus do promise, that I will observe canonical obedience, in all things, to thee, and to thy successors. " The newly consecrated Bishop shortly afterwards returned to VVaterford. With the assistance of his Ostmen or Danish flock, Malchus built the cathedral there. This church at Water-
ford, formerly dedicated to the Blessed Trinity, was, at a subsequent period, denominated Christ's Church. '^ Very interesting notices of this edifice are
on record. '' Malchus is found holding that See, A. D. 11 10, but the year of
his death is not recorded -^^ hence, the uncertainty which arises, to ascertain, if this holy Malchus be the very learned and sage Malchus, who lived as Bishop of Lismore, for several years after the previous date. Our acces- sible records are not sufficiently clear, on this point ;'9 but, we believe, that strongcircumstantialevidencewillgofartoestablishtheiridentity. Certain reports had reached St. Anselm regarding the practices of Samuel O'Haingly, or 0'Hanly,=° the Bishop of Dublin, who had not faithfully discharged some trusts,leftforthebenefitofhisSee. Sinioniacaldealingshadbeenattributed to hmi, by rumour. From the year 1095, when King Muirtach O'Brien, monarch of all Ireland, drove out the local Danish ruler, Godfrid Merenagh, to A. D. 1 1 20, when the monarch's death took place, no other king of the Dublin Ostmen seems to have reigned," in that city. Before the death of Arch-
" " Hibernienses a suis Episcopos postu-
'* See Archdeacon Cotton's " Fasti Henry
Ecclesias Hibernicse," vol. i. , Diocese of Waterford, p. 116.
latos, vel electos a Cantuariensibus Archi- episcopis confirmariatquesacrarisolitosesse,
ex his constare potest, &c. —Parker,
"
De
' the next Melisa O-Hamire is
recorded
Antiquitate Britannicae Ecclesise," p. 33.
'3 This letter begins with the following
words, "Anselmo Dei gratia Anglorum archiepiscopo, et omnibus diocesis sute epis-
Bishop, after Malchus of Waterford, orPort-
largi, as called by the Irish, or Britons,
according to the supplement of Tighernach's
Annals, and he died, in 1135 or 1136. See
Harris'Ware,vol. i. , "BishopsofWater-
ford," p. 527. We find the death of one
Mac-Mic-/Educan, under the heading of
"
Bishops of Lismore," at A. D. 1 1 1 3, zii/(/. p. 550. Again, at the year 1128, we have the deathof " Mac-Maras Ua Reabhachain, suc- cessor of Mochuda," recorded. See Dr.
copis, Clerus at Populus oppidi Watafordise, cum rege Murchertacho et Episcopo Dom-
naldo, salutem in Domino. " — "Veterum Hibernicarum Epistolarum Syl- loge. " No. xxxiv.
'• A very beautifully-written and interes-
"
S. Tint Anselm," by R. W. Church, Rector of Whatley, appeared in 1870. Throughout there is a fair appre- ciation of this great saint's career, although the work in question has been written by a
Protestant minister.
