He made
his literary début as a story-teller, in Con-
fessions of Count .
his literary début as a story-teller, in Con-
fessions of Count .
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
H.
, Oct.
II,
1798; died in Boston, Mass. , June 14, 1875. Pub.
lished (The History and Antiquities of Boston)
(1856), and History of the French and Indian
War) (1870).
Dranmor (drän'mör), pseudonym of Ferdi.
nand von Schmid. A Swiss poet; born in
Muri, Switzerland, July 22, 1823; died in Bern,
March 17, 1888. He was in mercantile life and
also in the Austrian diplomatic service for
years; but his “Poetic Fragments) (1860) and
(Requiem (1870) have added his name to the
list of true poets.
Draper, John William. An American phys-
iologist, chemist, historical and miscellaneous
prose-writer; born near Liverpool, England,
May 5, 1811; died at Hastings-on-the-Hudson,
N. Y. , Jan. 4, 1882. He came to this country
in 1833, and took his degree as M. D. at the
3
2
#
## p. 152 (#168) ############################################
152
DRAPER - DROZ
University of Pennsylvania in 1836. He became
professor of chemistry in the University of New
York in 1841, and in 1850 professor of physi-
ology. Among his works are: (Human Phys-
iology) (1856); History of the Intellectual
Development of Europe) (1862), a work of
great importance and very widely read; (His-
tory of the American Civil War) (1867–70);
(History of the Conflict between Religion and
Science) (1875), which ran through many edi-
tions and was translated into nearly all the
languages of Europe. *
Draper, Lyman Copeland. An American
antiquarian; born in Hamburg, N. Y. , Sept. 4,
1815; died in Madison, Wis. , Aug. 26, 1891.
He removed to Madison in 1853; became cor-
responding secretary of the State Historical
Society, and it was mainly through his efforts
that the State secured its library and its im-
portant antiquarian collection. The State Uni.
versity gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1871.
He has published (Collections) of the State
Historical Society (10 vols. , 1853–87); Madison
the Capital of Wisconsin (1857); King's
Mountain and its Heroes' (1881).
Draxler-Manfred, Karl Ferdinand (drex'ler
män'fred). An Austrian poet and story-writer;
born in Lemberg, June 17, 1806; died in Darm-
stadt, Dec. 31, 1879. His collected Poems)
(1839), and the verse collection (Joy and Pain)
(1858), have profoundly impressed thousands
of earnest men and women, while his tales in
prose are original and pleasing.
Drayton, Michael. An English poet; born
near Atherstone in Warwickshire in 1563; died
in 1631. His first poem, "Harmonie of the
Church, was condemned. Then followed (The
Shepherd's Garland,' and poems on the wars
of England. His most celebrated composition
is 'Polyolbion. He wrote also several dramas,
among them (Sir John Oldcastle); and (Poems
Lyrick and Pastorall (1605), including the
celebrated (Ballad of Agincourt. *
Dreyfus, Abraham (drā-füs'). A French
playwright; born at Paris, June 20, 1847. He
has a fine vein of kindly humor, and it per-
vades both his contributions to the public jour-
nals and his theatrical compositions, which are
mostly in one act. Among them are: (A
Gentleman in Black); (The Victim); (The
Klepht); (A Break. His four-act play (The
St. Catherine Institution, a comedy of man-
ners, was
ght out at the Odéon (1881).
Drinker, Anna. An American poet; born at
Philadelphia, Pa. , Dec. 3, 1827. She is best
known by her nom de plume (Edith May. ”
She has published: Poems by Edith May)
(1854); (Tales and Verses for Children' (1855);
and Katy's Story. )
Driver, Samuel Rolles. An English edu-
cator and eminent Hebraist; born in South-
ampton in 1846. Fellow of and tutor in New
College, Oxford, in 1882, he became professor
of llebrew there. He was a member of the
Old Testament Revision Company. His best-
known works are : (Isaiah) (1888); Notes on
the Books of Samuel (1890); Introduction to
the Literature of the Old Testament (4th ed.
1893); and a new Hebrew Lexicon now in
course of publication.
Drobisch, Gustav Theodor (dro'bish). A
German humorist and versifier; born in Dres-
den, Dec. 26, 1811; died there, April 15, 1882.
His perception of the droll side of things is
keen and irresistible in 'Conceits and Satires)
(1843) and many similar collections of prose
and rhyme.
Droogenbroeck, Jan van (drö'gen-brėk). A
Flemish poet; born in St. Amand-on-Scheldt,
Jan. 18, 1835. He has long been an educator
of eminence, and issued his first verse collec-
tion, (Ghazels and Makames) (Arabian terms
for stanzas and songs) in 1866, under the
pseudonym of Jan Fergunt); his subsequent
volumes, on Camoens and other important sub-
jects, fully sustaining his reputation.
Drossinis, Georg (drõs'in-is). A Greek poet;
born at Athens, Dec. 21, 1859. He has pub-
lished five volumes of lyrics : “Spiders' Webs)
(1880); (Stalactites) (1881); Idylls) (1885);
(Straw Flowers) (1890); (Amaranths) (1891):
also some stories and other minor works in
prose. A charming simplicity of language and
an unsophisticated sensibility characterize all
his works.
Droste-Hülshoff, Annette Elisabeth von,
Baroness. A German poet (1797-1848); born
at Hülshoff near Münster. Learned in science,
she resided for years at Coblentz, Cologne, and
Bonn, in intimate friendship with the ablest
men there; from 1840 on she lived in studious
retirement at Meersburg Castle on Lake Con-
stance. Her poetry is comprised in a volume
of Poems) (1838), with two posthumous vol-
umes : (The Church Year, with an Appendix
of Religious Poems) (1852), and "Last Gifts
(1860). It is vigorous, original, unaffected, and
perfect in form. Her simple devoutness is
specially marked in the fragments (A Noble-
man of Lusatia) and (A Country Priest's Ways. ?
She excelled also as a novelist.
Droysen, Johann Gustav (droi'sen). A
German historian and biographer; born in
Treptow, on the Rega, July 6, 1808; died in
Berlin, June 19, 1884. He was noted for ripe
scholarship and for versions of Æschylus long
before the production of his masterpieces : (The
Life of Field Marshal Count York of Warten-
burg) (1851), and “The History of Prussian
Politics) (1855), politics meaning statecraft.
Droz, Gustave (dro). A French story-teller;
born at Paris, June 6, 1832; died 1895. He was
trained for a painter, but in 1864 gave up the
pencil for the pen. The extraordinary success
of his first volume of stories, Monsieur, Ma-
dame, and Baby,' justified the change. He
excels in little sketches of life and manners,
and his lively, playful descriptions of bachelor-
hood and married life captivate the public. He
has written : (Sadnesses and Smiles) (1883);
>
## p. 153 (#169) ############################################
DRUMMOND-DUCANGE
153
PI
LE
(A Bunch of Letters ); (At a Spring'; (The
Child); etc.
Drummond, Henry. A Scotch geologist and
religious writer; born at Stirling, 1851; died at
Tunbridge Wells, England, March 11, 1897. He
studied theology at Edinburgh University, but
did not adopt the clerical profession. In 1877
he was appointed professor of natural science
in the Free Church College, Glasgow. Natural
Law in the Spiritual World (1883), and its
successor (The Ascent of Man,' applications
of modern scientific methods to the immaterial
universe, have made his popular fame. He
traveled in Central Africa (1883-84) studying
its botany and geology, and later wrote the
highly interesting and instructive volume on
(Tropical Africa) (1888). Other semi-religious
writings of his are: Pax Vobiscum) (1890);
'The Greatest Thing in the World' (1890);
(The Programme of Christianity) (1892). *
Drummond, William, of Hawthornden. A
Scotch poet; born at Hawthornden near Edin-
burgh, Dec. 13, 1585; died Dec. 4, 1649. His
principal works are: (Tears on the Death
of Mæliades! (1613), Maliades being Prince
Henry, son of James I. ; "Poems Amorous, Fu-
nerall, Divine, Pastorall, in Sonnets, Songs,
Sextains, Madrigals) (1616); Forth Feasting)
(1017); Flowers of Zion. After a visit from
Ben Jonson, Drummond printed notes of their
conversations; a very interesting chapter in
literary history. *
Drushinin, Alexander Vassilyevitch (drö'-
she-nēn). A Russian critic and story-writer;
born in St. Petersburg, Oct. 20, 1824; died
there, Jan. 31, 1864. He is best known by his
tales, especially that of (Pauline Sachs) (1847);
but his essays on literary topics, notably (John-
son and Boswell,' and his translations from
Shakespeare, are meritorious.
Dryden, John. An eminent English poet;
born at Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire, Aug. 9,
1631 ; died in London, May 1, 1700. His first
poems include (Astræa Returned' (Astræa Re-
dux) and the Year of Wonder) (Annus Mira-
bilis). The best of his plays are: (The Conquest
of Grenada! (1670); Marriage à la Mode);
Aurungzebe); (All for Love) (1677); “The
Spanish Friar' (1681); (Don Sebastian' (1689).
Much more worthy of his talents and his fame
are (Absalom and Achitophel' and (The Hind
and the Panther. His Pindaric odes are not
surpassed by the work of any English poet ;
and his (Alexander's Feast) stands supreme
in its kind. He made spirited translations
of Virgil and Juvenal; and elaborated into
'Fables,' stories culled from foreign authors or
earlier English. *
Duboc, Charles Edouard. See Waldmüller.
Duboc, Julius (dü'bok). A German essay-
ist and critic; born in Hamburg, Oct. 10, 1829.
In periodical literature his distinction is marked,
and as a student of men and things he works
to good purpose in "The Psychology of Love)
(1874) and ( Against the Stream) (1877).
Du Boccage, Marie Anne Fiquet (dü-bok-
äzh'). A French poet (1710-1802); born (Le-
page) at Rouen. She accompanied her husband
in his European travels, and everywhere won
great celebrity for wit and beauty: "A Venus
for form, a Minerva for art. ” Her principal
works are an imitation of Paradise Lost'; a
paraphrase of Gessner's (Death of Abel); an
original epic, (The Columbiad); a tragedy,
(The Amazons, well received. Her Letters
on England, etc. , give full report of the hon-
ors showered upon her.
Du Boisgobey. See Boisgobey.
Du Bois-Reymond, Emil (dü-bwä'rā-môn').
An eminent German scientist ; born in Berlin,
Nov. 7, 1818. His career has been a series of
services to chemical, electrical, and physiologi-
cal science, well attested by his "Extant Con-
clusions of the Ancients with Reference to
Magnetism in Fishes) (1843); (The Limits of
Our Knowledge of Nature) (6th ed. 1884); and
(Investigations into Animal Magnetism (1848–
84).
Dubos, Jean Baptiste (dü-bo'). A French
critic and essayist; born in Beauvais, 1670; died
in Paris, March 23, 1742. He elevated criticism
to a place among the arts with his (Critical
Reflections on Poetry, Painting, and Music)
(1719), and other works on ästhetic topics.
Du Oamp, Maxime (dü-kon'). A French
writer of history and travels; born at Paris,
Feb. 8, 1822; died at Baden-Baden, Feb. 8, 1894.
(Egypt, Nubia, Palestine, and Syria) (1852) ex-
plains itself. He wrote the history of the Paris
Commune : (The Convulsions of Paris) (4 vols. ,
1878–79), and other historical sketches. His
greatest work is Paris : Its Organs, its Func-
tions, and its Life) (6 vols. , 1869-75). He wrote
some lyric poems: Modern Chants) (1855);
(Convictions) (1858); and several novels, among
them : (Memoirs of a Suicide) (1853); (The
Six Adventures) (1857); (The Man with the
Gold Bracelet) (1862). *
Du Cange, Charles Dufresne, Sieur (dü-
känzh'). A celebrated French scholar, lexi-
cographer, and historian; born at Amiens, Dec.
18, 1610; died at Paris, Oct. 23, 1688. A juris-
consult, advocate of the Paris Parliament, he
gave up the post to study. His (Glossary of
Middle and Low Latin) (3 vols. , 1678; com-
pleted and extended to 6 vols. by the Benedic-
tines of St. Maur, 1733-36; latest ed. by La
Fayre, 10 vols. , 1883-88) is still indispensable in
reading mediæval books. He is author of a
similar work on Greek: (Glossary for the Au-
thors of Middle and Low Greek) (2 vols. , 1688).
Besides these he wrote in French a History
of the Empire of Constantinople under the
Frank Emperors' (1657), and in Latin a By-
zantine History. Another important historical
work written by him is “Of the Princedoms
Oversea, first published (1869) under the title
(Families of Oversea. '
Ducange, Victor Henri Joseph Brahain. A
French poet and story-teller (1783-1833); born
1
1
N
(
:
## p. 154 (#170) ############################################
154
DU CHAILLU – DUGDALE
(
etc.
at the Hague. His first stories, Agatha' and
(Valentine,' were received with great favor; but
for his too realistic description in Valentine !
of the excesses of the royalist bands, he was
sent to jail for six months. Released, he was
again imprisoned, ostensibly for vilifying the
French Academy. Once more he offended
with «Thelene, or Love and War, and had to
take refuge in Belgium. Other novels are :
(The Confessor-Doctor); (The Artist and the
Soldier'; etc. Of his numerous plays the best
and most famed is (Thirty Years, or the Life
of a Gambler. His novels are vividly dra.
matic and descriptive, but he loves the horri.
ble too well.
Du Chaillu, Paul Belloni (dü-shi-yü'). A
French-American explorer and writer; born in
Paris, July 31, 1835. His travels in Africa, in
which he discovered the gorilla and the Pig-
mies, are detailed charmingly in (A Journey to
Ashango Land (1867), and My Apingi King-
dom) (1870). "The Land of the Midnight
Sun (1881) deals with Norway. (The Viking
Age) (1887) is a more ambitious work, intended
to re-create the old Norse civilization, and is
full of interest and picturesque touches. He
has written also many books for the young.
“Duchess, The. ” See Hungerford.
Ducis, Jean François (dü-se'). A French
dramatist (1733-1816); born at Versailles. His
adaptations of Shakespeare, all conformed to
the classic traditions of the French stage, were
very successful. His first original play, (Abu-
far, or the Arab Family,' met with hearty ap-
probation. A royalist, and secretary to the
Count d'Artois, during the Revolution and Con-
sulate he lived abroad; he returned when the
Empire was set up, but declined Napoleon's
offers of a place in public life.
Duclos, Charles Pinot (dü-klö'). A French
historian (1704-72); born at Dinant.
He made
his literary début as a story-teller, in Con-
fessions of Count . . . ) (1742), which had
great success. Turning to history, he published
the History of Louis XI. ? (4 vols. , 1745). This
was followed by his greatest work but one,
"Considerations on the Manners of the Present
Age) (1749). His (Secret Memoirs upon the
Reign of Louis XIV. , the Regency, and the
Reign of Louis XV. (2 vols. , 1791) give him
a place among the most celebrated memoirists.
Dudevant, Madame. See Sand, George.
Duff, Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant, Sir.
An English barrister and statesman; born in
1829. Graduated from Oxford.
He was
lawyer, and M. P. 1857-81; Under-Secretary of
State for India, and later for the colonies, in
Mr. Gladstone's cabinets. He was the success-
ful governor of Madras, 1881-86. Of his notable
works, the best-known are: (Studies in Eu-
ropean Politics (1866); (A Political Survey)
(1868); (Elgin Speeches' (1871); Notes of an
Indian Journey' (1876).
Dufferin, Frederick Temple Hamilton
Blackwood, Earl of. A British statesman;
born in Florence, Italy, June 21, 1826. He has
been successively governor-general of Canada
(1872), viceroy of India, and ambassador at
Paris. Harvard gave him the degree of LL. D.
His published works include : Letters from
High Latitudes) (1860); Irish Emigration and
the Tenure of Land in Ireland) (1867); "Mr.
Mill's Plan for the Pacification of Ireland Ex-
amined' (1868); (The Honourable Impulsia
Gushington'; 'Speeches and Addresses) (1882);
(Speeches delivered in India, 1884-88) (1880);
His wife (born Hamilton) has written
(Our Viceroyal Life in India' (1890) and “My
Canadian Journal) (1892).
Dufferin, Helena Selina (Sheridan), Lady.
A British poet; born 1807 ; died 1867. She
was granddaughter of Richard Brinsley Sheri-
dan, and sister of the Hon. Mrs. Norton. Her
songs and lyrics are collected into a volume
bearing date 1895, her son being the editor.
Duffield, Samuel Willoughby. An Ameri-
can clergyman; born in Brooklyn, N. Y. , in
1843; died in Bloomfield, N. J. , May 12, 1887.
Under the pen name of “Anselmus » he con-
tributed to the Evangelist. His publications,
in part, are : (The Heavenly Land, from the
De Contemptu Mundi) of Bernard de Mor-
laix (1868); (Warp and Woof' (1870); "Eng.
lish Hymns, their Authors and History' (1886);
and Latin Hymn-Writers) (1887).
Dufresny, Charles de la Rivière (dü-fră-nē).
A French poet (1654-1724); born at Paris. He
was great-grandson of Henry IV. 's favorite, la
belle jardinière d’Anet," and was given lucra-
tive offices by Louis XIV. He was a reckless
spendthrift, and often reduced to want. His
comedies, though weak in construction and
character-drawing, are very lively in dialogue,
especially (The Spirit of Contradiction); 'The
Double Widowhood"; "The Village Flirt';
( The Match Made and Unmade. He wrote
also a volume of Divers Poems'; one of
(Historical Tales); and (Serious and Comic
Amusements of a Siamese, which suggested
Montesquieu's (Persian Letters.
Duganne, Augustine Joseph Hickey. An
American poet and prose-writer; born in Bos-
ton, 1823; died in New York, Oct. 20, 1884.
His poems were patriotic, political, and senti-
mental. His prose comprised philosophical,
historical, and dramatic works. He published :
(Hand Poems) (1844); (A Comprehensive
Summary of General Philosophy) (1845); (The
Iron Harp' (1847); 'The Lydian Queen (1848);
(MDCCCXLVIII (1849); "Parnassus in Pillory)
(1851); (A Class Book of Government and
Civil Society) (1859); Fighting Quakers)
(1866); and others.
Dugdale, William, Sir. A celebrated Eng.
lish antiquarian ; born at Shustoke, Warwick-
shire, Sept. 12, 1605; died there, Feb. 10,
1686. In 1638 he was created pursuivant-at-
arms extraordinary. A royalist in the civil
war, he was knighted by Charles II. at the
Restoration. His monumental work is the
a
## p. 155 (#171) ############################################
DUGUAY-TROUIN – DU MAURIER
155
(Monasticon Anglicanum' (1655), reissued with
additions 1817-30 and 1846; a mine of informa-
tion on the history and biography of English
cathedrals, and English history in general.
Among his other works are : (The Antiquities
of Warwickshire) (1656); (Short View of the
Late Troubles in England (1681).
Duguay-Trouin, René (dü-gā'trö-an'). A
French naval commander of the first distinc-
tion; born in St. Malo, June 10, 1673; died in
Paris, Sept. 27, 1736. In his Memoirs,' pub.
lished surreptitiously in 1730, but with authority
ten years later, he relates, with becoming mod.
esty, the series of events which gave him such
heroic proportions as a conqueror on the sea.
Duhring, Julia. An American essayist ;
born in Philadelphia, Feb. 23, 1836. She has
been an extensive traveler in the United States,
Europe, Asia, and Africa; and published two
volumes of critical essays on social life, the
titles to which are: Philosophers and Fools)
(1874); (Gentlefolks and Others ); (Amor in
Society); Mental Life and Culture. '
Dulaurens, Henri Joseph (dü-lor-an'). A
French satirical poet and novelist; born at
Douai, in 1719; died at Marienbourg, Belgium,
in 1797 (1787? ). He wrote with his friend
Groubenthal the Jesuitics (1761 : modeled on
Demosthenes's Philippics') against the Jesu-
its; but executed a more enduring task in the
"Jesuit Priest (or Companion) Matthew) (Com-
père Mathieu : 1776), a novel of genuine literary
merit, and of great vogue even within a recent
time.
Dulk, Albert Friedrich Benno (dülk). A
German dramatist and polemic prose-writer ;
born in Königsberg, June 17, 1819; died in
Stuttgart, Oct. 30, 1884. His (Arla) (1844);
Jesus the Christ) (1865); Lea) (1874); and
other dramas, are rich in subtleties and in
powerful appeals to the loftier side of human
nature, but lack poetic feeling. He advocates
a new religious evolution, as against Christian-
ity, in (Beast or Man ? " (1872); "What Is
to be Expected from the Christian Church ? )
(1877); and other like argumentative works.
Duller, Eduard (düller). A German poet
and historian (1809-53); born at Vienna. His
drama Master Pilgram' was produced with
success at 17, and followed by (The Swan
Song of Revenge, a tragedy (1834). He was
a passionate champion of free thought; this
made Vienna under Metternich too warm for
him, and he lived at Munich, Trier, and other
places. The lyric poem Prince of Love)
(1842), and the volume of Collected Poems)
(1845), are his least polemic and literarily best
works. His novels are pompous. He wrote a
"History of the German People, and a (His-
tory of the Jesuits. )
Dulles, John Welch. An American clergy.
man and editor; born in Philadelphia, Nov.
+, 1823; died there, April 13, 1887. Prince-
ton gave him the degree of D. D. in 1871. He
was the author of Life in India) (1855);
(The Soldier's Friend' (1861); and (The Ride
through Palestine) (1881).
Dumanoir, Philippe (dü-män - wär'). A
French playwright (1806–65); born at Pau. He
wrote, alone or in collaboration, some 200 vau-
devilles. Of his own solely, there may be cited :
(The Marquise de Prétintaille); (The Lambs'
School); ( Terrible Women); (The Childless
House. The famous actress Déjazet found
many of her best rôles in his pieces.
Dumas, Alexandre, the Elder (dü-mä). A
celebrated French romancist and dramatist;
born at Villers Cotterets, Aisne, July 24, 1803 (? );
died near Dieppe, Dec. 5, 1870. He was grand-
son of a French marquis and a San Domingo
negress. A few of the great multitude of his
famous romances are: (The Count of Monte
Cristo' (1844); (The Three Musketeers) (1844);
(Twenty Years After) (1845); (The Knight of
Maison-Rouge) (1846); (Viscount de Brage-
lonne (1847); (Queen Margot) (1847). Many
of his stories were of great length, six to twelve
volumes. Besides pure fiction he wrote a num-
ber of historical romances, as (Joan of Arc)
(1842); Michelangelo and Raffaelle) (1846);
(Louis XIV, and his Age) (1847). His plays,
which had extraordinary success, include :
(Henri III. and his Court) (1829); (Antony)
(1831); (Charles VII. with his Grand Vassals)
(1831); Napoleon Bonaparte) (1831); Malle.
de Belle-Isle) (1839); Marriage under Louis
XV. (1841); (The Misses St. Cyr) (1843).
Nearly all his novels were put on the stage
also. He wrote entertaining narratives of his
travels in Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Spain,
North Africa, Egypt, Syria, etc.
Dumas, Alexandre, the Younger. A great
French dramatist and romancist, son of the
preceding; born at Paris, July 27 or 28, 1824;
died Nov. 28, 1895. He published a small vol-
ume of poems, “Sins of Youth, at 17. Accom-
panying his father in travels through Spain
and Northern Africa, on his return he pub-
lished his first romance : (Story of Four Women
and a Parrot) (6 vols. 1847), which found little
favor. Among his romances are: (A Woman's
Romance); (Cesarine); (Camille) (La Dame
aux Camélias); all in 1848. His dramas in-
clude: Diana de Lys) (1853) and (The Demi-
Monde) (1855). He also wrote the romance
(The Clémenceau Case! (1864), dramatized
under the same name; the pamphlets : Women
Murderers and Women Voters) (1872); (The
Divorce Question) (1880); and the dramatic
pieces : “The Natural Son' (1858); 'The Friend
of Women) (1864); (Claude's Wife) (1873);
(The Danicheffs) (1876); Joseph Balsamo)
(1878); (Francillon (1887); and others. *
Du Maurier, George Louis Palmella Bus-
son (dü-mõ-ryā'). The famous delineator of
English society in Punch, and in later years a
novelist; born in Paris, March 6, 1834; died in
London, Oct. 8, 1896. In his childhood his
parents settled in London. He began in 1850
to study art in London, Paris, and Antwerp;
returning to London he was employed on the
## p. 156 (#172) ############################################
156
DUMERSAN – DUPANLOUP
illustrated periodicals, and from 1864 to his Dunlap, William. An American dramatist
death was of the regular staff of Punch. He and painter; born at Perth Amboy, N. J. , Feb.
wrote and illustrated three stories: (Peter Ib- 19, 1706; died at New York, Sept. 28, 1839.
betson' (1891); ' Trilby' (1894); 'The Martian He painted George Washington's portrait, still
897).
authentically existent, and for five years (1784-
Dumersan, Théophile Marion (dü. mār-san').
89) worked under llest in London. Returning,
A French playwright (1780-1849); born near
he wrote several successful plays, including:
Issoudun. He was employed in the Paris mint.
(The Father' (1789), a comedy; Leicester
He wrote many plays, all marked by keen ob-
(1794), a tragedy; (André) (1798), a tragedy.
servation and comic spirit. His Angel and
He also published: Life of George Frederick
Devil, a five-act drama, had a "runof over
Cooke) (1813); Life of Charles Brockden
100 presentations; still more successful was his
Brown' (1815); (History of the American The-
Mountebanks,' his masterpiece and a classic
atre) (1832); “History of the Rise and Progress
in its kind. Other very successful plays written
of the Art of Design in the United States)
by him are: (The Wigmaker, or Heads à la
(1834); and similar works. He was one of the
Titus); Ridiculous Englishwomen. Worthy
founders of the National Academy of Design.
of mention is his volume of National and Dunlop, John. A Scottish song-writer ; born
Popular Songs of France. )
in Carmyle, Lanarkshire (? ), November 1755;
Dumont, Julia Louisa. An American prose
died at Port Glasgow, Sept. 4, 1820. Convivial
and verse writer; born in Waterford, O. , Octo-
and prosperous, those qualities are reflected in
ber 1794; died at Vevay, Ind. , Jan. 2, 1857. She
his (Oh Dinna Ask Me Gin I Lo'e Ye) and
has the distinction of being one of the earliest
similar lines, all sung with enthusiasm by Scots.
women of the West whose writings have been Dunlop, John Colin. An important Scotch
preserved. She contributed largely to period- literary historian, son of John; born near Glas-
icals both in prose and verse. A collection of
gow, 1786 (? ); died at Edinburgh in February
her writings was published in a volume, Life 1842 (not 1834). His History of Fiction (1814)
Sketches from Common Paths) (1850).
broke much new ground, and remains authori.
Dunbar, Paul Laurence. An American
tative despite manifold efforts to impeach it;
negro poet; born in Ohio in 1872. He is a
besides which his History of Roman Liter-
resident of Dayton, O. He has published Lyr-
ature (1823-28), and like studies, are character.
ics of Lowly Life, which have received con-
ized by discernment and scholarship.
siderable praise.
Dunning, Annie (Ketchum). (“Nellie Gra-
Dunbar, William. A renowned Scottish
ham. ”) An American story-writer; born in
poet ; born at Salton in Lothian, about 1465 (? );
New York, Nov. 2, 1831. Her first story, Clem-
died about 1530 (? ). He was a Franciscan
entina's Mirror,' appeared in 1857. She later
friar, but was often employed by James IV. in
wrote Contradictions) and Broken Pitchers. '
affairs of State. Among his works is the pane- Dunraven, Wyndham Thomas Wyndham-
gyric poem “The Thistle and the Rose,' written Quin, Fourth Earl of. An Irish journalist,
(1503) on the marriage of James with Margaret statesman, and author; born at Adare Abbey,
of England; (The Golden Targe) (1508), con- Ireland, Feb. 12, 1841.
1798; died in Boston, Mass. , June 14, 1875. Pub.
lished (The History and Antiquities of Boston)
(1856), and History of the French and Indian
War) (1870).
Dranmor (drän'mör), pseudonym of Ferdi.
nand von Schmid. A Swiss poet; born in
Muri, Switzerland, July 22, 1823; died in Bern,
March 17, 1888. He was in mercantile life and
also in the Austrian diplomatic service for
years; but his “Poetic Fragments) (1860) and
(Requiem (1870) have added his name to the
list of true poets.
Draper, John William. An American phys-
iologist, chemist, historical and miscellaneous
prose-writer; born near Liverpool, England,
May 5, 1811; died at Hastings-on-the-Hudson,
N. Y. , Jan. 4, 1882. He came to this country
in 1833, and took his degree as M. D. at the
3
2
#
## p. 152 (#168) ############################################
152
DRAPER - DROZ
University of Pennsylvania in 1836. He became
professor of chemistry in the University of New
York in 1841, and in 1850 professor of physi-
ology. Among his works are: (Human Phys-
iology) (1856); History of the Intellectual
Development of Europe) (1862), a work of
great importance and very widely read; (His-
tory of the American Civil War) (1867–70);
(History of the Conflict between Religion and
Science) (1875), which ran through many edi-
tions and was translated into nearly all the
languages of Europe. *
Draper, Lyman Copeland. An American
antiquarian; born in Hamburg, N. Y. , Sept. 4,
1815; died in Madison, Wis. , Aug. 26, 1891.
He removed to Madison in 1853; became cor-
responding secretary of the State Historical
Society, and it was mainly through his efforts
that the State secured its library and its im-
portant antiquarian collection. The State Uni.
versity gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1871.
He has published (Collections) of the State
Historical Society (10 vols. , 1853–87); Madison
the Capital of Wisconsin (1857); King's
Mountain and its Heroes' (1881).
Draxler-Manfred, Karl Ferdinand (drex'ler
män'fred). An Austrian poet and story-writer;
born in Lemberg, June 17, 1806; died in Darm-
stadt, Dec. 31, 1879. His collected Poems)
(1839), and the verse collection (Joy and Pain)
(1858), have profoundly impressed thousands
of earnest men and women, while his tales in
prose are original and pleasing.
Drayton, Michael. An English poet; born
near Atherstone in Warwickshire in 1563; died
in 1631. His first poem, "Harmonie of the
Church, was condemned. Then followed (The
Shepherd's Garland,' and poems on the wars
of England. His most celebrated composition
is 'Polyolbion. He wrote also several dramas,
among them (Sir John Oldcastle); and (Poems
Lyrick and Pastorall (1605), including the
celebrated (Ballad of Agincourt. *
Dreyfus, Abraham (drā-füs'). A French
playwright; born at Paris, June 20, 1847. He
has a fine vein of kindly humor, and it per-
vades both his contributions to the public jour-
nals and his theatrical compositions, which are
mostly in one act. Among them are: (A
Gentleman in Black); (The Victim); (The
Klepht); (A Break. His four-act play (The
St. Catherine Institution, a comedy of man-
ners, was
ght out at the Odéon (1881).
Drinker, Anna. An American poet; born at
Philadelphia, Pa. , Dec. 3, 1827. She is best
known by her nom de plume (Edith May. ”
She has published: Poems by Edith May)
(1854); (Tales and Verses for Children' (1855);
and Katy's Story. )
Driver, Samuel Rolles. An English edu-
cator and eminent Hebraist; born in South-
ampton in 1846. Fellow of and tutor in New
College, Oxford, in 1882, he became professor
of llebrew there. He was a member of the
Old Testament Revision Company. His best-
known works are : (Isaiah) (1888); Notes on
the Books of Samuel (1890); Introduction to
the Literature of the Old Testament (4th ed.
1893); and a new Hebrew Lexicon now in
course of publication.
Drobisch, Gustav Theodor (dro'bish). A
German humorist and versifier; born in Dres-
den, Dec. 26, 1811; died there, April 15, 1882.
His perception of the droll side of things is
keen and irresistible in 'Conceits and Satires)
(1843) and many similar collections of prose
and rhyme.
Droogenbroeck, Jan van (drö'gen-brėk). A
Flemish poet; born in St. Amand-on-Scheldt,
Jan. 18, 1835. He has long been an educator
of eminence, and issued his first verse collec-
tion, (Ghazels and Makames) (Arabian terms
for stanzas and songs) in 1866, under the
pseudonym of Jan Fergunt); his subsequent
volumes, on Camoens and other important sub-
jects, fully sustaining his reputation.
Drossinis, Georg (drõs'in-is). A Greek poet;
born at Athens, Dec. 21, 1859. He has pub-
lished five volumes of lyrics : “Spiders' Webs)
(1880); (Stalactites) (1881); Idylls) (1885);
(Straw Flowers) (1890); (Amaranths) (1891):
also some stories and other minor works in
prose. A charming simplicity of language and
an unsophisticated sensibility characterize all
his works.
Droste-Hülshoff, Annette Elisabeth von,
Baroness. A German poet (1797-1848); born
at Hülshoff near Münster. Learned in science,
she resided for years at Coblentz, Cologne, and
Bonn, in intimate friendship with the ablest
men there; from 1840 on she lived in studious
retirement at Meersburg Castle on Lake Con-
stance. Her poetry is comprised in a volume
of Poems) (1838), with two posthumous vol-
umes : (The Church Year, with an Appendix
of Religious Poems) (1852), and "Last Gifts
(1860). It is vigorous, original, unaffected, and
perfect in form. Her simple devoutness is
specially marked in the fragments (A Noble-
man of Lusatia) and (A Country Priest's Ways. ?
She excelled also as a novelist.
Droysen, Johann Gustav (droi'sen). A
German historian and biographer; born in
Treptow, on the Rega, July 6, 1808; died in
Berlin, June 19, 1884. He was noted for ripe
scholarship and for versions of Æschylus long
before the production of his masterpieces : (The
Life of Field Marshal Count York of Warten-
burg) (1851), and “The History of Prussian
Politics) (1855), politics meaning statecraft.
Droz, Gustave (dro). A French story-teller;
born at Paris, June 6, 1832; died 1895. He was
trained for a painter, but in 1864 gave up the
pencil for the pen. The extraordinary success
of his first volume of stories, Monsieur, Ma-
dame, and Baby,' justified the change. He
excels in little sketches of life and manners,
and his lively, playful descriptions of bachelor-
hood and married life captivate the public. He
has written : (Sadnesses and Smiles) (1883);
>
## p. 153 (#169) ############################################
DRUMMOND-DUCANGE
153
PI
LE
(A Bunch of Letters ); (At a Spring'; (The
Child); etc.
Drummond, Henry. A Scotch geologist and
religious writer; born at Stirling, 1851; died at
Tunbridge Wells, England, March 11, 1897. He
studied theology at Edinburgh University, but
did not adopt the clerical profession. In 1877
he was appointed professor of natural science
in the Free Church College, Glasgow. Natural
Law in the Spiritual World (1883), and its
successor (The Ascent of Man,' applications
of modern scientific methods to the immaterial
universe, have made his popular fame. He
traveled in Central Africa (1883-84) studying
its botany and geology, and later wrote the
highly interesting and instructive volume on
(Tropical Africa) (1888). Other semi-religious
writings of his are: Pax Vobiscum) (1890);
'The Greatest Thing in the World' (1890);
(The Programme of Christianity) (1892). *
Drummond, William, of Hawthornden. A
Scotch poet; born at Hawthornden near Edin-
burgh, Dec. 13, 1585; died Dec. 4, 1649. His
principal works are: (Tears on the Death
of Mæliades! (1613), Maliades being Prince
Henry, son of James I. ; "Poems Amorous, Fu-
nerall, Divine, Pastorall, in Sonnets, Songs,
Sextains, Madrigals) (1616); Forth Feasting)
(1017); Flowers of Zion. After a visit from
Ben Jonson, Drummond printed notes of their
conversations; a very interesting chapter in
literary history. *
Drushinin, Alexander Vassilyevitch (drö'-
she-nēn). A Russian critic and story-writer;
born in St. Petersburg, Oct. 20, 1824; died
there, Jan. 31, 1864. He is best known by his
tales, especially that of (Pauline Sachs) (1847);
but his essays on literary topics, notably (John-
son and Boswell,' and his translations from
Shakespeare, are meritorious.
Dryden, John. An eminent English poet;
born at Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire, Aug. 9,
1631 ; died in London, May 1, 1700. His first
poems include (Astræa Returned' (Astræa Re-
dux) and the Year of Wonder) (Annus Mira-
bilis). The best of his plays are: (The Conquest
of Grenada! (1670); Marriage à la Mode);
Aurungzebe); (All for Love) (1677); “The
Spanish Friar' (1681); (Don Sebastian' (1689).
Much more worthy of his talents and his fame
are (Absalom and Achitophel' and (The Hind
and the Panther. His Pindaric odes are not
surpassed by the work of any English poet ;
and his (Alexander's Feast) stands supreme
in its kind. He made spirited translations
of Virgil and Juvenal; and elaborated into
'Fables,' stories culled from foreign authors or
earlier English. *
Duboc, Charles Edouard. See Waldmüller.
Duboc, Julius (dü'bok). A German essay-
ist and critic; born in Hamburg, Oct. 10, 1829.
In periodical literature his distinction is marked,
and as a student of men and things he works
to good purpose in "The Psychology of Love)
(1874) and ( Against the Stream) (1877).
Du Boccage, Marie Anne Fiquet (dü-bok-
äzh'). A French poet (1710-1802); born (Le-
page) at Rouen. She accompanied her husband
in his European travels, and everywhere won
great celebrity for wit and beauty: "A Venus
for form, a Minerva for art. ” Her principal
works are an imitation of Paradise Lost'; a
paraphrase of Gessner's (Death of Abel); an
original epic, (The Columbiad); a tragedy,
(The Amazons, well received. Her Letters
on England, etc. , give full report of the hon-
ors showered upon her.
Du Boisgobey. See Boisgobey.
Du Bois-Reymond, Emil (dü-bwä'rā-môn').
An eminent German scientist ; born in Berlin,
Nov. 7, 1818. His career has been a series of
services to chemical, electrical, and physiologi-
cal science, well attested by his "Extant Con-
clusions of the Ancients with Reference to
Magnetism in Fishes) (1843); (The Limits of
Our Knowledge of Nature) (6th ed. 1884); and
(Investigations into Animal Magnetism (1848–
84).
Dubos, Jean Baptiste (dü-bo'). A French
critic and essayist; born in Beauvais, 1670; died
in Paris, March 23, 1742. He elevated criticism
to a place among the arts with his (Critical
Reflections on Poetry, Painting, and Music)
(1719), and other works on ästhetic topics.
Du Oamp, Maxime (dü-kon'). A French
writer of history and travels; born at Paris,
Feb. 8, 1822; died at Baden-Baden, Feb. 8, 1894.
(Egypt, Nubia, Palestine, and Syria) (1852) ex-
plains itself. He wrote the history of the Paris
Commune : (The Convulsions of Paris) (4 vols. ,
1878–79), and other historical sketches. His
greatest work is Paris : Its Organs, its Func-
tions, and its Life) (6 vols. , 1869-75). He wrote
some lyric poems: Modern Chants) (1855);
(Convictions) (1858); and several novels, among
them : (Memoirs of a Suicide) (1853); (The
Six Adventures) (1857); (The Man with the
Gold Bracelet) (1862). *
Du Cange, Charles Dufresne, Sieur (dü-
känzh'). A celebrated French scholar, lexi-
cographer, and historian; born at Amiens, Dec.
18, 1610; died at Paris, Oct. 23, 1688. A juris-
consult, advocate of the Paris Parliament, he
gave up the post to study. His (Glossary of
Middle and Low Latin) (3 vols. , 1678; com-
pleted and extended to 6 vols. by the Benedic-
tines of St. Maur, 1733-36; latest ed. by La
Fayre, 10 vols. , 1883-88) is still indispensable in
reading mediæval books. He is author of a
similar work on Greek: (Glossary for the Au-
thors of Middle and Low Greek) (2 vols. , 1688).
Besides these he wrote in French a History
of the Empire of Constantinople under the
Frank Emperors' (1657), and in Latin a By-
zantine History. Another important historical
work written by him is “Of the Princedoms
Oversea, first published (1869) under the title
(Families of Oversea. '
Ducange, Victor Henri Joseph Brahain. A
French poet and story-teller (1783-1833); born
1
1
N
(
:
## p. 154 (#170) ############################################
154
DU CHAILLU – DUGDALE
(
etc.
at the Hague. His first stories, Agatha' and
(Valentine,' were received with great favor; but
for his too realistic description in Valentine !
of the excesses of the royalist bands, he was
sent to jail for six months. Released, he was
again imprisoned, ostensibly for vilifying the
French Academy. Once more he offended
with «Thelene, or Love and War, and had to
take refuge in Belgium. Other novels are :
(The Confessor-Doctor); (The Artist and the
Soldier'; etc. Of his numerous plays the best
and most famed is (Thirty Years, or the Life
of a Gambler. His novels are vividly dra.
matic and descriptive, but he loves the horri.
ble too well.
Du Chaillu, Paul Belloni (dü-shi-yü'). A
French-American explorer and writer; born in
Paris, July 31, 1835. His travels in Africa, in
which he discovered the gorilla and the Pig-
mies, are detailed charmingly in (A Journey to
Ashango Land (1867), and My Apingi King-
dom) (1870). "The Land of the Midnight
Sun (1881) deals with Norway. (The Viking
Age) (1887) is a more ambitious work, intended
to re-create the old Norse civilization, and is
full of interest and picturesque touches. He
has written also many books for the young.
“Duchess, The. ” See Hungerford.
Ducis, Jean François (dü-se'). A French
dramatist (1733-1816); born at Versailles. His
adaptations of Shakespeare, all conformed to
the classic traditions of the French stage, were
very successful. His first original play, (Abu-
far, or the Arab Family,' met with hearty ap-
probation. A royalist, and secretary to the
Count d'Artois, during the Revolution and Con-
sulate he lived abroad; he returned when the
Empire was set up, but declined Napoleon's
offers of a place in public life.
Duclos, Charles Pinot (dü-klö'). A French
historian (1704-72); born at Dinant.
He made
his literary début as a story-teller, in Con-
fessions of Count . . . ) (1742), which had
great success. Turning to history, he published
the History of Louis XI. ? (4 vols. , 1745). This
was followed by his greatest work but one,
"Considerations on the Manners of the Present
Age) (1749). His (Secret Memoirs upon the
Reign of Louis XIV. , the Regency, and the
Reign of Louis XV. (2 vols. , 1791) give him
a place among the most celebrated memoirists.
Dudevant, Madame. See Sand, George.
Duff, Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant, Sir.
An English barrister and statesman; born in
1829. Graduated from Oxford.
He was
lawyer, and M. P. 1857-81; Under-Secretary of
State for India, and later for the colonies, in
Mr. Gladstone's cabinets. He was the success-
ful governor of Madras, 1881-86. Of his notable
works, the best-known are: (Studies in Eu-
ropean Politics (1866); (A Political Survey)
(1868); (Elgin Speeches' (1871); Notes of an
Indian Journey' (1876).
Dufferin, Frederick Temple Hamilton
Blackwood, Earl of. A British statesman;
born in Florence, Italy, June 21, 1826. He has
been successively governor-general of Canada
(1872), viceroy of India, and ambassador at
Paris. Harvard gave him the degree of LL. D.
His published works include : Letters from
High Latitudes) (1860); Irish Emigration and
the Tenure of Land in Ireland) (1867); "Mr.
Mill's Plan for the Pacification of Ireland Ex-
amined' (1868); (The Honourable Impulsia
Gushington'; 'Speeches and Addresses) (1882);
(Speeches delivered in India, 1884-88) (1880);
His wife (born Hamilton) has written
(Our Viceroyal Life in India' (1890) and “My
Canadian Journal) (1892).
Dufferin, Helena Selina (Sheridan), Lady.
A British poet; born 1807 ; died 1867. She
was granddaughter of Richard Brinsley Sheri-
dan, and sister of the Hon. Mrs. Norton. Her
songs and lyrics are collected into a volume
bearing date 1895, her son being the editor.
Duffield, Samuel Willoughby. An Ameri-
can clergyman; born in Brooklyn, N. Y. , in
1843; died in Bloomfield, N. J. , May 12, 1887.
Under the pen name of “Anselmus » he con-
tributed to the Evangelist. His publications,
in part, are : (The Heavenly Land, from the
De Contemptu Mundi) of Bernard de Mor-
laix (1868); (Warp and Woof' (1870); "Eng.
lish Hymns, their Authors and History' (1886);
and Latin Hymn-Writers) (1887).
Dufresny, Charles de la Rivière (dü-fră-nē).
A French poet (1654-1724); born at Paris. He
was great-grandson of Henry IV. 's favorite, la
belle jardinière d’Anet," and was given lucra-
tive offices by Louis XIV. He was a reckless
spendthrift, and often reduced to want. His
comedies, though weak in construction and
character-drawing, are very lively in dialogue,
especially (The Spirit of Contradiction); 'The
Double Widowhood"; "The Village Flirt';
( The Match Made and Unmade. He wrote
also a volume of Divers Poems'; one of
(Historical Tales); and (Serious and Comic
Amusements of a Siamese, which suggested
Montesquieu's (Persian Letters.
Duganne, Augustine Joseph Hickey. An
American poet and prose-writer; born in Bos-
ton, 1823; died in New York, Oct. 20, 1884.
His poems were patriotic, political, and senti-
mental. His prose comprised philosophical,
historical, and dramatic works. He published :
(Hand Poems) (1844); (A Comprehensive
Summary of General Philosophy) (1845); (The
Iron Harp' (1847); 'The Lydian Queen (1848);
(MDCCCXLVIII (1849); "Parnassus in Pillory)
(1851); (A Class Book of Government and
Civil Society) (1859); Fighting Quakers)
(1866); and others.
Dugdale, William, Sir. A celebrated Eng.
lish antiquarian ; born at Shustoke, Warwick-
shire, Sept. 12, 1605; died there, Feb. 10,
1686. In 1638 he was created pursuivant-at-
arms extraordinary. A royalist in the civil
war, he was knighted by Charles II. at the
Restoration. His monumental work is the
a
## p. 155 (#171) ############################################
DUGUAY-TROUIN – DU MAURIER
155
(Monasticon Anglicanum' (1655), reissued with
additions 1817-30 and 1846; a mine of informa-
tion on the history and biography of English
cathedrals, and English history in general.
Among his other works are : (The Antiquities
of Warwickshire) (1656); (Short View of the
Late Troubles in England (1681).
Duguay-Trouin, René (dü-gā'trö-an'). A
French naval commander of the first distinc-
tion; born in St. Malo, June 10, 1673; died in
Paris, Sept. 27, 1736. In his Memoirs,' pub.
lished surreptitiously in 1730, but with authority
ten years later, he relates, with becoming mod.
esty, the series of events which gave him such
heroic proportions as a conqueror on the sea.
Duhring, Julia. An American essayist ;
born in Philadelphia, Feb. 23, 1836. She has
been an extensive traveler in the United States,
Europe, Asia, and Africa; and published two
volumes of critical essays on social life, the
titles to which are: Philosophers and Fools)
(1874); (Gentlefolks and Others ); (Amor in
Society); Mental Life and Culture. '
Dulaurens, Henri Joseph (dü-lor-an'). A
French satirical poet and novelist; born at
Douai, in 1719; died at Marienbourg, Belgium,
in 1797 (1787? ). He wrote with his friend
Groubenthal the Jesuitics (1761 : modeled on
Demosthenes's Philippics') against the Jesu-
its; but executed a more enduring task in the
"Jesuit Priest (or Companion) Matthew) (Com-
père Mathieu : 1776), a novel of genuine literary
merit, and of great vogue even within a recent
time.
Dulk, Albert Friedrich Benno (dülk). A
German dramatist and polemic prose-writer ;
born in Königsberg, June 17, 1819; died in
Stuttgart, Oct. 30, 1884. His (Arla) (1844);
Jesus the Christ) (1865); Lea) (1874); and
other dramas, are rich in subtleties and in
powerful appeals to the loftier side of human
nature, but lack poetic feeling. He advocates
a new religious evolution, as against Christian-
ity, in (Beast or Man ? " (1872); "What Is
to be Expected from the Christian Church ? )
(1877); and other like argumentative works.
Duller, Eduard (düller). A German poet
and historian (1809-53); born at Vienna. His
drama Master Pilgram' was produced with
success at 17, and followed by (The Swan
Song of Revenge, a tragedy (1834). He was
a passionate champion of free thought; this
made Vienna under Metternich too warm for
him, and he lived at Munich, Trier, and other
places. The lyric poem Prince of Love)
(1842), and the volume of Collected Poems)
(1845), are his least polemic and literarily best
works. His novels are pompous. He wrote a
"History of the German People, and a (His-
tory of the Jesuits. )
Dulles, John Welch. An American clergy.
man and editor; born in Philadelphia, Nov.
+, 1823; died there, April 13, 1887. Prince-
ton gave him the degree of D. D. in 1871. He
was the author of Life in India) (1855);
(The Soldier's Friend' (1861); and (The Ride
through Palestine) (1881).
Dumanoir, Philippe (dü-män - wär'). A
French playwright (1806–65); born at Pau. He
wrote, alone or in collaboration, some 200 vau-
devilles. Of his own solely, there may be cited :
(The Marquise de Prétintaille); (The Lambs'
School); ( Terrible Women); (The Childless
House. The famous actress Déjazet found
many of her best rôles in his pieces.
Dumas, Alexandre, the Elder (dü-mä). A
celebrated French romancist and dramatist;
born at Villers Cotterets, Aisne, July 24, 1803 (? );
died near Dieppe, Dec. 5, 1870. He was grand-
son of a French marquis and a San Domingo
negress. A few of the great multitude of his
famous romances are: (The Count of Monte
Cristo' (1844); (The Three Musketeers) (1844);
(Twenty Years After) (1845); (The Knight of
Maison-Rouge) (1846); (Viscount de Brage-
lonne (1847); (Queen Margot) (1847). Many
of his stories were of great length, six to twelve
volumes. Besides pure fiction he wrote a num-
ber of historical romances, as (Joan of Arc)
(1842); Michelangelo and Raffaelle) (1846);
(Louis XIV, and his Age) (1847). His plays,
which had extraordinary success, include :
(Henri III. and his Court) (1829); (Antony)
(1831); (Charles VII. with his Grand Vassals)
(1831); Napoleon Bonaparte) (1831); Malle.
de Belle-Isle) (1839); Marriage under Louis
XV. (1841); (The Misses St. Cyr) (1843).
Nearly all his novels were put on the stage
also. He wrote entertaining narratives of his
travels in Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Spain,
North Africa, Egypt, Syria, etc.
Dumas, Alexandre, the Younger. A great
French dramatist and romancist, son of the
preceding; born at Paris, July 27 or 28, 1824;
died Nov. 28, 1895. He published a small vol-
ume of poems, “Sins of Youth, at 17. Accom-
panying his father in travels through Spain
and Northern Africa, on his return he pub-
lished his first romance : (Story of Four Women
and a Parrot) (6 vols. 1847), which found little
favor. Among his romances are: (A Woman's
Romance); (Cesarine); (Camille) (La Dame
aux Camélias); all in 1848. His dramas in-
clude: Diana de Lys) (1853) and (The Demi-
Monde) (1855). He also wrote the romance
(The Clémenceau Case! (1864), dramatized
under the same name; the pamphlets : Women
Murderers and Women Voters) (1872); (The
Divorce Question) (1880); and the dramatic
pieces : “The Natural Son' (1858); 'The Friend
of Women) (1864); (Claude's Wife) (1873);
(The Danicheffs) (1876); Joseph Balsamo)
(1878); (Francillon (1887); and others. *
Du Maurier, George Louis Palmella Bus-
son (dü-mõ-ryā'). The famous delineator of
English society in Punch, and in later years a
novelist; born in Paris, March 6, 1834; died in
London, Oct. 8, 1896. In his childhood his
parents settled in London. He began in 1850
to study art in London, Paris, and Antwerp;
returning to London he was employed on the
## p. 156 (#172) ############################################
156
DUMERSAN – DUPANLOUP
illustrated periodicals, and from 1864 to his Dunlap, William. An American dramatist
death was of the regular staff of Punch. He and painter; born at Perth Amboy, N. J. , Feb.
wrote and illustrated three stories: (Peter Ib- 19, 1706; died at New York, Sept. 28, 1839.
betson' (1891); ' Trilby' (1894); 'The Martian He painted George Washington's portrait, still
897).
authentically existent, and for five years (1784-
Dumersan, Théophile Marion (dü. mār-san').
89) worked under llest in London. Returning,
A French playwright (1780-1849); born near
he wrote several successful plays, including:
Issoudun. He was employed in the Paris mint.
(The Father' (1789), a comedy; Leicester
He wrote many plays, all marked by keen ob-
(1794), a tragedy; (André) (1798), a tragedy.
servation and comic spirit. His Angel and
He also published: Life of George Frederick
Devil, a five-act drama, had a "runof over
Cooke) (1813); Life of Charles Brockden
100 presentations; still more successful was his
Brown' (1815); (History of the American The-
Mountebanks,' his masterpiece and a classic
atre) (1832); “History of the Rise and Progress
in its kind. Other very successful plays written
of the Art of Design in the United States)
by him are: (The Wigmaker, or Heads à la
(1834); and similar works. He was one of the
Titus); Ridiculous Englishwomen. Worthy
founders of the National Academy of Design.
of mention is his volume of National and Dunlop, John. A Scottish song-writer ; born
Popular Songs of France. )
in Carmyle, Lanarkshire (? ), November 1755;
Dumont, Julia Louisa. An American prose
died at Port Glasgow, Sept. 4, 1820. Convivial
and verse writer; born in Waterford, O. , Octo-
and prosperous, those qualities are reflected in
ber 1794; died at Vevay, Ind. , Jan. 2, 1857. She
his (Oh Dinna Ask Me Gin I Lo'e Ye) and
has the distinction of being one of the earliest
similar lines, all sung with enthusiasm by Scots.
women of the West whose writings have been Dunlop, John Colin. An important Scotch
preserved. She contributed largely to period- literary historian, son of John; born near Glas-
icals both in prose and verse. A collection of
gow, 1786 (? ); died at Edinburgh in February
her writings was published in a volume, Life 1842 (not 1834). His History of Fiction (1814)
Sketches from Common Paths) (1850).
broke much new ground, and remains authori.
Dunbar, Paul Laurence. An American
tative despite manifold efforts to impeach it;
negro poet; born in Ohio in 1872. He is a
besides which his History of Roman Liter-
resident of Dayton, O. He has published Lyr-
ature (1823-28), and like studies, are character.
ics of Lowly Life, which have received con-
ized by discernment and scholarship.
siderable praise.
Dunning, Annie (Ketchum). (“Nellie Gra-
Dunbar, William. A renowned Scottish
ham. ”) An American story-writer; born in
poet ; born at Salton in Lothian, about 1465 (? );
New York, Nov. 2, 1831. Her first story, Clem-
died about 1530 (? ). He was a Franciscan
entina's Mirror,' appeared in 1857. She later
friar, but was often employed by James IV. in
wrote Contradictions) and Broken Pitchers. '
affairs of State. Among his works is the pane- Dunraven, Wyndham Thomas Wyndham-
gyric poem “The Thistle and the Rose,' written Quin, Fourth Earl of. An Irish journalist,
(1503) on the marriage of James with Margaret statesman, and author; born at Adare Abbey,
of England; (The Golden Targe) (1508), con- Ireland, Feb. 12, 1841.
