No More Learning

]

[Footnote 156: It is the young poet Ki-no-Tomonori who is mourned in
this stanza. ]

[Footnote 157: The Milky Way. ]

[Footnote 158: This stanza is remarkable for being (so far as the
present writer is aware) the only instance in Japanese literature of
that direct impersonation of an abstract idea which is so very
strongly marked a characteristic of Western thoughts and modes of
expression. ]

[Footnote 159: Composed on the occasion of a feast at the palace. ]

[Footnote 160: One of a number of stanzas composed by a party of
courtiers who visited the cascade of Nunobiki, near the site of the
modern treaty-port of Kobe. ]

[Footnote 161: This stanza was composed and sent to the owner of the
neighboring house on the last day of winter, when the wind had blown
some snow across from it into the poet's dwelling. ]

* * * * *




THE DRAMA OF JAPAN

[_Selected Plays, translated by Basil Hall Chamberlain_]




NAKAMITSU


DRAMATIS PERSONAE


MITSUNAKA, Lord of the Horse to the Emperor Murakami.

BIJIYAU, Son of Mitsunaka, and still a boy.

NAKAMITSU, retainer of Mitsunaka.

KAUZHIYU, son of Nakamitsu, and foster-brother of Bijiyau.

WESHIN, Abbot of the great monastery on Mount Hiyei, near Kiyauto
(Miaco).

The Chorus.

Scene. --The Temple of Chiynuzanzhi, and my Lord Mitsunaka's palace in
Kiyauto.

Time. --Early in the Tenth Century.




NAKAMITSU

PART I

Scene I. --Near the Monastery of Chiynuzanzhi


_Enter Nakamitsu. _

NAKAMITSU. --I am Nakamitsu, a man of the Fujihara clan, and retainer
of Mitsunaka, Lord of Tada in the land of Setsushiu. Now you must know
that my lord hath an only son, and him hath he sent to a certain
monastery amid the mountains named Chiynuzanzhi, while I, too, have a
son called Kauzhiyu, who is gone as page to young my lord. But young
my lord doth not condescend to apply his mind unto study, loving
rather nothing so well as to spend from morn to night in quarrelling
and disturbance. Wherefore, thinking doubtless to disinherit young my
lord, my lord already this many a time, hath sent his messengers to
the temple with summons to return home to Kiyauto. Nevertheless, as he
cometh not, me hath he now sent on the same errand.

[_The above words are supposed to be spoken during the journey, and
Nakamitsu now arrives at the monastery[162]. _]

Prithee! is any within?

KAUZHIYU. --Who is it that deigneth to ask admittance?

NAKAMITSU. --What! Is that Kauzhiyu? Tell young my lord that I have
come to fetch him home.

KAUZHIYU. --Your commands shall be obeyed. [_He goes to his master's
apartment. _] How shall I dare address my lord? Nakamitsu is come to
fetch my lord.

BIJIYAU. --Call him hither.

KAUZHIYU. --Your commands shall be obeyed. [_He returns to the outer
hall and addresses his father. _] Condescend to come this way.
[_They go to Bijiyau's apartment. _

NAKAMITSU. --It is long since I was last here.

BIJIYAU. --And what is it that hath now brought thee?

NAKAMITSU. --'Tis that my lord, your father, hath sent me to bid your
lordship follow me home without delay.

BIJIYAU. --Shall I, then, go without saying anything to the priests, my
preceptors?

NAKAMITSU. --Yes; if the priests be told, they will surely wish to see
your lordship on the way, whereas, my lord, your father's commands
were, that I alone was to escort you.

BIJIYAU. --Then we will away.

NAKAMITSU. --Kauzhiyu! thou, too, shalt accompany thy master.

KAUZHIYU. --Your commands shall be obeyed.

[_They depart from the temple, and arrive at Mitsunaka's palace. _

NAKAMITSU. --How shall I dare address my lord? I have brought hither
his lordship Bijiyau.

MITSUNAKA. --Well, Bijiyau! my only reason for sending thee up to the
monastery was to help thy learning; and I would fain begin, by hearing
thee read aloud from the Scriptures.
And with these words, and bidding him read on,
He lays on ebon desk before his son
The sacred text, in golden letters writ.

BIJIYAU. --But how may he who never bent his wit
To make the pencil trace Asaka's[163] line
Spell out one letter of the book divine?
In vain, in vain his sire's behest he hears:--
Nought may he do but choke with idle tears.

MITSUNAKA. --Ah! surely 'tis that, being my child, he respecteth the
Scriptures too deeply, and chooseth not to read them except for
purposes of devotion. What of verse-making, then?

BIJIYAU. --I cannot make any.

MITSUNAKA. --And music? [_Bijiyau makes no answer. _

MITSUNAKA. --What! no reply? Hast lost thy tongue, young fool?

CHORUS. --Whom, then, to profit wentest thou to school?
And can it be that e'en a father's word,
Like snow that falling melts, is scarcely heard,
But 'tis unheeded? Ah! 'twill drive me wild
To point thee out to strangers as my child!
No sooner said, than out the scabbard flies
His trusty sword, and with fierce flashing eyes
Forward he darts; but rushing in between,
Good Nakamitsu checks the bloody scene--
Firm, though respectful, stays his master's arm,
And saves the lad from perilous alarm.

NAKAMITSU. --Good my lord, deign to be merciful this once!

MITSUNAKA. --Why stayed'st thou my hand? Haste thou now and slay
Bijiyau with this my sword.

NAKAMITSU. --Your commands shall be obeyed. [_He retires into another
apartment. _] What is this horror unutterable? 'Tis no mere passing fit
of anger. What shall I do? --Ah! I have it! I have it! I will take upon
myself to contrive some plan for his escape. Kauzhiyu, Kauzhiyu, art
thou there?

KAUZHIYU. --Behold me at thy service.

NAKAMITSU. --Where is my lord Bijiyau?

KAUZHIYU. --All my prayers have been unavailing to make him leave this
spot.

NAKAMITSU. --But why will he not seek refuge somewhere? Here am I come
from my lord, his father, as a messenger of death! [_Bijiyau shows
himself. _

BIJIYAU. --That I am alive here at this moment is thy doing. But
through the lattice I heard my father's words to thee just now.
Little imports it an' I die or live,
But 'tis for thee I cannot choose but grieve
If thou do vex thy lord: to avert his ire
Strike off my head, and show it to my sire!

NAKAMITSU. --My lord, deign to be calm! I will take upon myself to
contrive some plan for your escape. --What! say you a messenger hath
come? My heart sinks within me. --What! another messenger?

[_These are messengers from Mitsunaka to ask whether his orders be not
yet carried into execution_.

NAKAMITSU. --Alas! each joy, each grief we see unfurl'd
Rewards some action in a former world.

KAUZHIYU. --In ages past thou sinned;

BIJIYAU. --And to-day

CHORUS. --Comes retribution! think not then to say
'Tis others' fault, nor foolishly upbraid
The lot thyself for thine own self hast made.
Say not the world's askew! with idle prate
Of never-ending grief the hour grows late.
Strike off my head! with many a tear he cries,
And might, in sooth, draw tears from any eyes. [164]

NAKAMITSU. --Ah! young my lord, were I but of like age with thee, how
readily would I not redeem thy life at the cost of mine own! Alas!
that so easy a sacrifice should not be possible!

KAUZHIYU. --Father, I would make bold to speak a word unto thee.

NAKAMITSU. --What may it be?

KAUZHIYU. --'Tis, father, that the words thou hast just spoken have
found a lodgment in mine ears. Thy charge, truly, is Mitsunaka; but
Mitsunaka's son is mine. This, if any, is a great occasion, and my
years point to me as of right the chief actor in it. Be quick! be
quick! strike off my head, and show it to Mitsunaka[165] as the head
of my lord Bijiyau!

NAKAMITSU. --Thou'st spoken truly, Nakamitsu cries,
And the long sword from out his scabbard flies,
What time he strides behind his boy.

BIJIYAU. --But no!
The youthful lord on such stupendous woe
May never gaze unmov'd; with bitter wail
The father's sleeve he clasps. Nought may 't avail,
He weeping cries, e'en should the deed be done,
For I will slay myself if falls thy son.

KAUZHIYU. --But 'tis the rule--a rule of good renown--
That for his lord a warrior must lay down
His lesser life.

BIJIYAU. -- But e'en if lesser, yet
He, too, is human; neither shouldst forget
What shame will e'er be mine if I survive

NAKAMITSU. --Alas! alas! and 'tis for death they strive!

KAUZHIYU. --Me deign to hear.

BIJIYAU. --No! mine the truer word!

NAKAMITSU. --Ah! this my child!

KAUZHIYU. --And there behold thy lord!

NAKAMITSU. --Betwixt the two see Nakamitsu stand:--

CHORUS. --His own brave life, an' 'twere his lord's command,
Were freely giv'n; but now, in sore dismay,
E'en his fierce courage fades and droops away.

BIJIYAU. --Why heed a life my sire himself holds cheap?
Nought may thy pity do but sink more deep
My soul in wretchedness.

KAUZHIYU. --Mistake me not!
Think not 'tis pity moves me; but a blot
The martial honor of our house will stain,
If, when I might have bled, my lord be slain.

CHORUS. --On either side 'tis infancy that pleads.

NAKAMITSU. --And yet how well they've learnt where duty leads!

CHORUS. --Dear is thy lord!

NAKAMITSU. --And mine own child how dear!

CHORUS.
--But Nakamitsu knows full well that ne'er,
To save the child his craven heart ador'd,
Warrior yet dar'd lay hands upon his lord.
He to the left, the trembling father cries,
Was sure my boy, nor lifts his tear-stain'd eyes:--
A flash, a moment, the fell sabre gleams,
And sends his infant to the land of dreams. [166]

NAKAMITSU. --Oh, horror unutterable! to think that I should have slain
mine own innocent child! But I must go and inform my lord. [_He goes
to Mitsunaka's apartment. _ How shall I dare to address my lord? I
have slain my lord Bijiyau according to your commands.

MITSUNAKA. --So thou hast killed the fellow? I trow his last moments
were those of a coward. Is it not true?

NAKAMITSU. --Not so, my lord. As I stood there aghast, holding in my
hand the sword your lordship gave me, your son called out, "Why doth
Nakamitsu thus delay? " and those were the last words he was pleased to
utter.

MITSUNAKA. --As thou well knowest, Bijiyau was mine only child. Go and
call thy son Kauzhiyu, and I will adopt him as mine heir.

NAKAMITSU. --Kauzhiyu, my lord, in despair at being separated from
young my lord, hath cut off his locks,[167] and vanished none knows
whither.
I, too, thy gracious license would obtain.
Hence to depart, and in some holy fane
To join the priesthood.

MITSUNAKA. --Harsh was my decree,
Yet can I think what thy heart's grief must be
That as its own my recreant child receiv'd,
And now of both its children is bereav'd.
But 'tis a rule of universal sway
That a retainer ever must obey.

CHORUS. --Thus would my lord, with many a suasion fond,
Have rais'd poor Nakamitsu from despond.
Nor eke himself, with heart all stony hard,
Might, as a father, ev'ry pang discard:--
Behold him now, oh! lamentable sight!
O'er his own son perform the fun'ral rite.




PART II

Scene I. --Mitsunaka's Palace


_Some time is supposed to have elapsed, and Weshin, abbot of the
monastery on Mount Hiyei, comes down from that retreat to Mitsunaka's
palace in the capital, bringing with him Bijiyau, who had been
persuaded by Nakamitsu to take refuge with the holy man. _

WESHIN. --I am the priest Weshin, and am hastening on my way to my lord
Mitsunaka's palace, whither certain motives guide me. [_They arrive at
the gate and he cries out_:] I would fain crave admittance.

NAKAMITSU. --Who is it that asks to be admitted? Ah! 'tis his
reverence, Weshin.

WESHIN. --Alas, for poor Kauzhiyu!

Nakamitsu. --Yes; but prithee speak not of this before his lordship.
[_He goes to Mitsunaka's apartment. _] How shall I venture to address
my lord? His reverence, Weshin, hath arrived from Mount Hiyei.

MITSUNAKA. --Call him hither.

Nakamitsu. --Your commands shall be obeyed. [_He goes to the room where
Weshin is waiting, and says_:] Be pleased to pass this way.

[_They enter Mitsunaka's apartment. _

MITSUNAKA. --What may it be that has brought your reverence here
to-day?

WESHIN. --'Tis this, and this only. I come desiring to speak to your
lordship anent my lord Bijiyau.

MITSUNAKA. --Respecting him I gave orders to Nakamitsu, which orders
have been carried out.

WESHIN. --Ah! my lord, 'tis that, 'tis that I would discourse of. Be
not agitated, but graciously deign to give me thine attention while I
speak. Thou didst indeed command that my lord Bijiyau's head should
be struck off. But never might Nakamitsu prevail upon himself to lay
hands on one to whom, as his lord, he knew himself bound in reverence
through all the changing scenes of the Three Worlds. [168] Wherefore he
slew his own son, Kauzhiyu, to save my lord Bijiyau's life. And now
here I come bringing Bijiyau with me, and would humbly supplicate thee
to forgive one who was so loved that a man hath given his own son in
exchange for him. [169]

MITSUNAKA. --Then he was a coward, as I thought! Wherefore, if Kauzhiyu
was sacrificed, did he, too, not slay himself?

WESHIN. --My lord, put all other thoughts aside, and if it be only as
an act of piety towards Kauzhiyu's soul--curse not thy son!

CHORUS. --As thus the good man speaks,
Tears of entreaty pour adown his cheeks.
The father hears, and e'en his ruthless breast,
Soft'ning at last, admits the fond request,
While Nakamitsu, crowning their delight,
The flow'ry wine brings forth, and cups that might
Have served the fays: but who would choose to set
Their fav'rite's bliss that, home returning, wet
His grandson's grandson's still remoter line,
Beside the joy that doth itself entwine
Round the fond hearts of father and of son,
Parted and now in the same life made one?

WESHIN. --Prithee, Nakamitsu, wilt thou not dance and sing to us
awhile, in honor of this halcyon hour?

[_During the following song Nakamitsu dances. _

NAKAMITSU. --Water-bird, left all alone
Now thy little mate hath flown,
On the billows to and fro
Flutter, flutter, full of woe!

CHORUS. --Full of woe, so full of woe,
Flutter, flutter, full of woe!

NAKAMITSU. --Ah! if my darling were but here to-day
I'd make the two together dance and play
While I beat time, and, gazing on my boy,
Instead of tears of grief, shed tears of joy!

CHORUS. --Behold him weep!

NAKAMITSU. --But the gay throng perceive
Nought but the rhythmic waving of my sleeve.

CHORUS. --Hither and thither, flutt'ring in the wind.

NAKAMITSU. --Above, beneath, with many a dewdrop lin'd!

CHORUS. --Ah, dewy tears! in this our world of woe
If any stay, the friends he loves must go:--
Thus 'tis ordain'd, and he that smiles to-day
To-morrow owns blank desolation's sway.
But now 'tis time to part, the good priest cries--
Him his disciple follows, and they rise;
While Nakamitsu walking in their train,
The palanquin escorts; for he would fain
Last counsel give: "Beware, young lord, beware!
Nor cease from toilsome study; for if e'er
Thy sire again be anger'd, all is lost! "
Then takes his leave, low bending to the dust.
Forward they're borne; but Nakamitsu stays,
Watching and weeping with heart-broken gaze,
And, mutely weeping, thinks how ne'er again
He'll see his child borne homeward o'er the plain.




ABSTRACTION

[_The Japanese title is "Za-zen". _]


DRAMATIS PERSONAE

A HUSBAND.

HIS WIFE.

TARAUKUWAZHIYA, their servant.




ABSTRACTION

Scene I. --A Room in a Private House in Kiyauto


HUSBAND. --I am a resident in the suburbs of the metropolis. On the
occasion of a recent journey down[170] East, I was served (at a
tea-house) in the post-town of Nogami, in the province of Mino, by a
girl called Hana, who, having since then heard of my return to the
capital, has followed me up here, and settled down at Kita-Shira-kaha,
where she expects me this evening according to a promise made by
letter. But my vixen of a wife has got scent of the affair and thus
made it difficult for me to go. So what I mean to do is to call her,
and tell her some pretty fable that may set me free. Halloo! halloo!
are you there, pray? are you there?

WIFE. --So it seems you are pleased to call me. What may it be that
makes you thus call me?

HUSBAND. --Well, please to come in.

WIFE. --Your commands are obeyed.

HUSBAND. --My reason for calling you is just simply this: I want to
tell you how much my spirits have been affected by continual dreams
that I have had. That is why I have called you.

WIFE. --You are talking rubbish. Dreams proceed from organic
disturbance, and do not come true; so pray don't trouble your head
about them.

HUSBAND. --What you say is quite correct. Dreams, proceeding as they do
from organic disturbance, do not come true nine times out of ten.
Still, mine have affected my spirits to such an extent, that I think
of making some pilgrimage or other to offer up prayers both on your
behalf and on my own.

WIFE. --Then where shall you go?

HUSBAND. --I mean (to say nothing of those in the metropolis and in the
suburbs) to worship at every Shintau shrine and every Buddhist temple
throughout the land.

WIFE. --No, no! I won't allow you to go out of the house for a single
hour. If you are so completely bent upon it, choose some devotion that
can be performed at home.

HUSBAND. --Some devotion to be performed at home? What devotion could
it be?

WIFE. --Burning incense on your arm or on your head. [171]

HUSBAND. --How thoughtlessly you do talk! What! is a devotion like that
to suit _me_--a layman if ever there was one?

WIFE. --I won't tolerate any devotion that cannot be performed at home.

HUSBAND. --Well, I never! You _are_ one for talking at random. Hang it!
what devotion shall it be? [_He reflects a few moments. _] Ah! I have
it! I will perform the devotion of abstraction.

WIFE. --Abstraction? What is that?

HUSBAND. --Your want of familiarity with the term is but natural. It is a
devotion that was practised in days of old by Saint Daruma[172]--(blessings
on him! ) you put your head under what is called the "abstraction blanket,"
and obtain salvation by forgetting all things past and to come--a most
difficult form of devotion.

WIFE. --About how long does it take?

HUSBAND. --Well, I should say about a week or two.

WIFE. --That won't do, either, if it is to last so many days.

HUSBAND. --Then for how long would my darling consent to it without
complaining?

WIFE. --About one hour is what I should suggest; but, however, if you
can do it in a day, you are welcome to try.

HUSBAND. --Never, never! This important devotion is not a thing to be
so easily performed within the limits of a single day. Please, won't
you grant me leave for at least a day and a night?

WIFE. --A day and a night?

HUSBAND. --Yes.

WIFE. --I don't much relish the idea; but if you are so completely bent
upon it, take a day and a night for your devotion.

HUSBAND. --Really and truly?

WIFE. --Really and truly.

HUSBAND. --Oh! that is indeed too delightful! But I have something to
tell you: know then, that if a woman so much as peep through a chink,
to say nothing of her coming into the actual room where the devotee is
sitting, the spell of the devotion is instantly broken. So be sure not
to come to where I am.

WIFE. --All right. I will not come to you. So perform away.