, who was taken prisoner in his camp along with
A siugenes or A siagenus.
A siugenes or A siagenus.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
c.
190 L.
Scipio, the brother of Africanus,
thaginians ; and as Hannibal at a personal inter- and C. Laelius were consuls. Each of the consuls
view with Scipio could not obtain any abatement was anxious to obtain from the senate the province
of the hard conditions, he was forced, against his of Greece, in order to have the honour of carrying
will, to continue the war. Into the details of the on the war against Antiochus. In order to secure
campaign, which are related very differently, our it for his brother Lucius, Africanus offered to serve
limits will not permit us to enter. The decisive under him as legatus ; and the senate thereupon
battle was at length fought on the 19th of October, granted Lucius the province which he desired. In
B. C. 202, at a place called Narngra on the Bagra- the war against Antiochus, the young son of
das, not far from the city of Zama. Scipio's victory Africanus, who accompanied his father, fell into
was complete ; the greater part of the Carthaginian the hands of the Syrian king. The latter offered
army was cut to pieces ; and Hannibal, upon his to restore his captive without ransom, if Africanus
arrival at Carthage, was the first to admit the mag- would obtain for him a favourable peace ; but al-
nitude of the disaster, and to point out the impos- though the father rejected his proposal, Antiochus
sibility of a further prosecution of the war. The sent him back bie son while he was absent from
terms, however, now imposed by Scipio were much the army in consequence of illness. Africanus
Beverer than before. Carthage had no alternative out of gratitude advised Antiochus not to fight till
but submission ; but the negotiations were con he himself had rejoined the army. The object
tinued for some time, and the final treaty was not which he had in giving this advice it is impossible
concluded till the following year, B. C. 201. to say ; it is quite inconceivable that Scipio medi-
Scipio returned to Italy in s. c. 201, and entered tated any treachery towards his own country ; it
Rome in triumph. He was received with universal is more probable that he hoped to induce Antiochus
enthusiasm ; the surname of Africanus was con- to consent to a peace before a defeat should expose
ferred upon him, and the people in their gratitude him to harder and more humiliating terms. An-
were anxious to bestow upon him the most extra- tiochus, however, did not listen to his advice ; and
ordinary marks of honour. It is related that they the decisive battle was shortly afterwards fought
wished to make him consul and dictator for life, near Mount Sipylus, in which the Syrian king was
and to erect his statue in the comitia, the rostra, totally defeated. Antiochus now applied again to
the curia, and even in the Capitol ; but that he Africanus, who used his influence in the king's
prudently declined all these invidious distinctions favour with his brother Lucius and his council
(Liv. xxxviii. 56; Val. Max. iv. 1. $ 6). As he of war. The terms of peace were severe, but they
did not choose to usurp the supreme power, which did not appear sufficiently severe to the Roman
it seems he might have done with ease, and as senate, who imposed much harder conditions upon
he was an object of suspicion and dislike to the the conquered monarch in the treaty which was
majority of the senate, he took no prominent part finally made.
in public affairs during the next few years. He Africanus returned to Rome with his brother
was censor in B. C. 199 with P. Aelius Paetus, and Lucius after the completion of the war in B. c. 189,
consul a second time in 194 with Ti. Sempronius but his remaining years were embittered by the
Longus. At the same time the censors conferred attacks of his old enemies. Shortly after his re-
upon him the title of princeps senatus, a dis- turn, he and his brother Lucius were accused of,
tinction which he had received from the former having received bribes from Antiochus to let the
censors, and which was again bestowed upon him monarch off too leniently, and of having appro-
in B. C. 190. In B. C. 193, he was one of the three priated to their own use part of the money which
commissioners who were sent to Africa to mediate had been paid by Antiochus to the Roman state.
between Masinissa and the Carthaginians; and in the glory of his African victory had already
the same year, according to a story related by Q. grown diin ; and his enemies availed themselves of
Claudius Quadrigarius, he was one of the ambassa- the opportunity to crush their proud antagonist.
dors sent to Antiochus at Ephesus, at whose court The accusation was set on foot by M. Porcius Cato,
Hannibal was then residing. The tale runs that but the details of it are related with such dis-
he there had an interview with the great Car- crepancies by the ancient authorities, that it is im-
thaginian, who declared him the greatest general possible to determine with certainty the true
that ever lived. The compliment was paid in a history of the affair, or the year in which it
manner the most flattering to Scipio. The latter occurred. It appears, however, that there were
had asked, “Who was the greatest general ? " | two distinct prosecutions, and the following is
“ Alexander the Great,” was Hannibal's reply. perhaps the most probable history of the transac-
" Who was the second ? ” “Pyrrhus. ” “Who tion. In B. c. 187, two tribunes of the people of
the third ? " · Myself,” replied the Carthaginian. the name of Petillii, instigated by Cato and the
“What would you have said, then, if you had other enemies of the Scipios, required L. Scipio to
conquered me? " asked Scipio, in astonishment. render an account of all the sums of money which
" I should then have placed myself before Alex- he had received from Antiochus. L. Scipio ac-
ander, before Pyrrhus, and before all other gecordingly prepared his accounts, but as he was in
nerals. ” (Liv. xxxv. 14. ) Whether the story be the act of delivering them up, the proud conqueror
true or not, there can be no doubt that Scipio of Hannibal indignantly snatched ihem out of his
towered above all the Romans as a general, and hands, and tore them up in pieces before the senate.
was only second to Hannibal himself. Each of But this haughty conduct appears to have produced
these great men possessing true nobility of soul, an unfavourable impression, and his brother, when
could appreciate the other's merits ; and Scipio brought to trial in the course of the same year, was
was the only member of the senate who opposed the declared guilty, and sentenced to pay a heavy fine,
## p. 747 (#763) ############################################
SCIPIO.
747
SCIPIO.
The tribune C. Minucius Augurinus ordered him early as B. c. 187 (Liv. xxxix. 52 ; Cic. Cut. maj.
to be dragged to prison and there detained till the 6). The date of Polybius is most probably the
money was paid ; whereupon Africanus, still more correct one.
enraged at this fresh insult to his family, and setting Scipio married Aemilia, the daughter of L.
himself above the laws, rescued his brother from the Aemilius Paulus, who fell at the battle of Cannae
hands of the tribune's officer. The contest would [AEMILIA, No. 2], and by her he had four children,
probably have been attended with fatal results two sons (Nos. 14 and 15), and two daughters, the
had not Tib. Gracchus, the father of the celebrated elder of whom married P. Scipio Nasica Corculum
tribune, and then tribune himself, had the pru- [No. 23), and the younger Tib. Gracchus, and thus
dence, althongh he disapproved of the violent became the mother of the two celebrated tribunes
conduct of Africanus, to release his brother Lucius [CORNELIA, Nos. 4,5). (It is unnecessary to cite
from the sentence of imprisonment. The property, the numerous passages in Polybius and Livy re-
however, of Lucius was confiscated ; and, as it lating to Scipio ; those in Cicero in which he is
was not sufficient to pay the fine, his clients and mentioned are given by Orelli, in his Onomast.
friends generously contributed not only a sufficient Tull. vol. ii. p. 186 ; there are some interesting re-
amount to supply the deficiency, but so large a marks on his character and the state of parties in
sum that he would have been richer even than Rome at his time, by Gerlach, in his treatise en-
before ; but he would only receive sufficient to titled P. Cornelius Scipio und M. Porcius Cato, in
defray his most pressing wants. The successful the Schweizer. Museum for 1837. )
issue of the prosecution of Lucius, emboldened his 13. L. CORNELIUS SCIPIO Asiaticus, also
enemies to bring the great Africanus himself before called ASIAGENES or ASIAGENUS, was the son of
the people. His accuser was M. Naevius, the tri- No. 9, and the brother of the great Africanus
bune of the people, and if the date of his tribunate (No. 12]. He served under his brother in Spain,
is correctly stated by Livy (xxxix. 52) the accu- where he took the town of Oringis in B. c. 208;
sation was not brought till the end of B. c. 185. and on the completion of the war was sent by his
When the trial came on, Scipio did not condescend brother to Rome, with the joyful news. He was
to say a single word in refutation of the charges praetor in B. c. 193, when he obtained the province
that had been brought against him, but descanted of Sicily, and consul in B. c. 190, with C. Laelius.
long and eloquently upon the signal services he had The senate had not much confidence in his abilities
rendered to the commonwealth. Having spoken (Cic. Phil. xi. 7), and it was only through the offer
till night-fall
, the trial was adjourned till the fol- of his brother Africanus to accompany him as a
lowing day. Early next morning, when the tri- legate that he obtained the province of Greece and
bunes had taken their seats on the rostra, and the conduct of the war against Antiochus (Liv.
Africanus was summoned, he proudly reminded xxviii. 3, 4, 17, xxxiv. 54, 55, xxxvi. 45, xxxvii.
the people that this was the anniversary of the 1). He defeated Antiochus at Mount Sipylus, in
day on which he had defeated Hannibal at Zama, B. c. 190, entered Rome in triumph in the following
and called upon them to neglect all disputes and year, and assumed the surname of Asiaticus. The
law-suits, and follow him to the Capitol, and there history of his accusation and condemnation, and of
return thanks to the immortal gods, and pray that the confiscation of his property, has been already
they would grant the Roman state other citizens related in the life of his brother. But notwith-
like himself. Scipio struck a chord which vibrated standing the poverty to which he is said to have
on every heart; their veneration of the hero re- been reduced (Liv. xxxviii. 60), he celebrated
turned again ; aud he was followed with such with great splendour, in B. c. 185, the games
crowds to the Capitol, that the tribunes were left which he had vowed in his war with Antiochus.
alone in the rostra. Having thus set all the laws Valerius of Antium related that he obtained the
at defiance, Scipio immediately quitted Rome, and necessary money during an embassy on which he
retired to his country seat at Liternum. The tri- was sent after his condemnation, to settle the dis-
bunes wished to renew the prosecution, but Grac- putes between the kings Antiochus and Eumenes.
chus wisely persuaded them to let it drop. (Liv. He was a candidate for the censorship in B. c. 184,
xxxviii. 50–60 ; Gell. iv. 18, vii. 19; Val. Max. but was defeated by the old enemy of his family,
ii. 7. $ 1; Meyer, Orat. Roman. Fragm. pp. 6—8, M. Porcius Cato, who gave another proof of his
2d ed. ) Scipio never returned to Rome. He hatred to the family by depriving Asiaticus of his
would neither submit to the laws nor aspire to the horse at the review of the equites (Liv. xxxix. 22,
sovereignty of the state ; and he therefore resolved 40, 44). It appears, therefore, that even as late
to expatriate himself for ever. He passed his re- as this time an eques did not forfeit his horse by
maining days in the cultivation of his estate at becoming a senator.
Liternum (Senec. Ep. 86); and at his death is The name of Scipio Asiaticus occurs on coins,
said to have requested that his body might be buried and he is the only one of the family of whom
there, and not in his ungrateful country. His re- coins are extant. On the obverse is a head
quest was complied with, and his tomb existed at crowned with laurel, and on the reverse Jupiter
Liternum in the time of Livy. This appears to have
been the more general account; but others related
that he died at Rome, and was buried in the family
sepulchre outside of the porta Capena, where a
statue of him was erected alongside of the statues
of his brother Lucius and the poet Ennius (Liv.
xxxviii. 56). The year of his death is equally
CSCIPASIAS
uncertain. Polybius and Rutilius related that he
died in the sanie year as Hannibal and Philopoe-
men, that is, in B. c. 183. Livy and Cicero placed
his death in B c. 185, and Valerius of Antium as
COIN OF L. SCIPIO ASIATICUS.
00700
0000
## p. 748 (#764) ############################################
748
SCIPIO.
SCIPIO
bius;
driving a quadriga, with L. scir. ASIAG. i. e.
, who was taken prisoner in his camp along with
A siugenes or A siagenus. Though Livy usually his son Lucius, but was dismissed by Sulla unin-
calls him Asiaticus, he gives Asingenes as his sur jured. He was, however, included in the pro-
name in one passage (xxxix. 44): in the epitaph scription in the following year, B. C. 82, where-
on his tomb he is called Asingenus.
upon he fled to Massilia, and passed there the
14. P. CORNELIUS Scirio AFRICANUS, the remainder of his life. His daughter was married
elder son of the great Africanus (No. 12), was to P. Sestius (Appian, B. C. i. 82, 85, 86 ; Plut.
prevented by his weak health from taking any part Sull. 28, Sertor. 6 ; Liv. Epit. 85; Flor. iii. 21 ;
in public affairs. Cicero praises his oratiunculae Oros. v. 21 ; Cic. Phil. xii, 11, xiii. 1 ; Cic. pro
and his Greek history, and remarks that, with the Sest. 3 ; Schol. Bob. in Sest. p. 293, ed. Orelli).
greatness of his father's mind he possessed a larger Cicero speaks favourably of the oratorical powers
amount of learning. Ile had no son of his own, of this Scipio (diccbat non imperite, Cic. Brut.
but adopted the son of L. Aemilius Paulus (see 47).
below, No. 21]. (Cic. Brut. 19, Cat. Maj. 11, de Off: 21. P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO AEMILIANUS AFRI-
i. 33 ; Vell
. Pat. i. 10). He was elected augur in CANUS MINOR, was the younger son of L. Aemilius
B. C. 180 (Liv, xl. 42), and was also Flamen Dia- Paulus, the conqueror of Macedonia, and was
lis, as we see from the inscription on his tomb. adopted by P. Scipio, the son of the conqueror of
This inscription runs as follows:---"Quei apicem, Hannibal (No. 14), whose mother was a sister of
insigne Dialis flaminis, gessistei, mors perfecit tua, L. Aemilius Paulus. He was born about B. C.
ut essent omnia brevia, honos fama virtusque, gloria 185. In his seventeenth year he accompanied his
atque ingenium. Quibus sei in longa licuisset tibe father Paulus to Greece, and fonght under him at
utier vita, facile superas(s)es gloriam majorem. the battle of Pydna, in B. c. 168 (Liv. xliv. 44 ;
Quare lubens te in gremiu(m), Scipio, recipit terra, Plut. Aemil. Paul. 22). While in Greece he pro-
Publi, prognatum Publio, Corneli. ” (Orelli, In- bably became acquainted with the historian Poly-
script. No. 558).
and when the latter was sent to Rome, along
15. L. or Cn. CoRNELIUS Scipio A FRICANUS, with the other Achaean exiles, in the following
the younger son of the great Africanus (No. 12]. year, B. c. 167, Scipio afforded him the pa-
He accompanied his father into Asia in B. c. 190, tronage and protection of his powerful family, and
and was taken prisoner by Antiochus, as has al- formed with him that close and intimate friendship
ready been related in the life of his father. Appian, which continued unbroken throughout his life.
in relating this circumstance (Syr. 29), confounds Scipio appears from his earliest years to have de-
him with the celebrated Africanus minor. This voted himself with ardour to the study of litera-
Scipio was a degenerate son of so illustrious a sire, ture ; and he eagerly availed himself of the su-
and only obtained the praetorship, in B. c. 174, perior knowledge of Polybius to direct him in his
through Cicereius, who had been a scriba of his literary pursuits. He was accompanied by the
father, giving way to him. In the same year he Greek historian in almost all his campaigns, and in
was expelled from the senate by the censors. (Liv. the midst of his most active military duties, lost
xli. 27 ; Val. Max. iii. 5. § 1, iv. 5. § 3. ) no opportunity of enlarging his knowledge of Greek
16. CORNELIA, the elder daughter of the great literature and philosophy, by constant intercourse
Africanus (No. 12), married P. Scipio Nasica Cor- with his friend. At a later period he also culti-
culum, No. 23. [CORNELIA, No. 4. ]
vated the acquaintance of the philosopher Panae-
17. Cornelia, the younger daughter of the tius ; nor did he neglect the literature of his own
great Africanus (No. 12), married Tib. Sempronius country, for the poets Lucilius and Terence were,
Gracchus, and became by him the mother of the as is well known, admitted to his intimacy. His
two celebrated tribunes. [CORNELIA, No. 5. ] friendship with Laelius, whose tastes and pursuits
18. L. CORNELIUS Scipio ASIATICUS, the son were so congenial to his own, was as remarkable as
of the conqueror of Antiochus (No. 13]. The fol that of the elder Africanus with the elder Laelius,
lowing is the inscription on his tomb : “ L. Corneli and has been immortalised by Cicero's celebrated
L. F. P. N. Scipio quaist. tr. mil. annos gnatus treatise entitled “Laelius sive de Amicitia. ” In
XXXIII. mortuos. Pater regem Antioco(m) his younger years it was feared by Scipio's friends
subegit” (Orelli, Inscr. No. 556). As he is here that he would not uphold the honour of his house,
called quaestor, he is probably the same as the L. an apprehension probably only founded on his lite
Cornelius Scipio, the quaestor, who was sent to rary habits and pursuits ; but in him the love of
meet Prusias and conduct him to Rome, when this Greek refinement and Greek literature did not
monarch visited Italy in 1. c. 167 (Liv, xlv. 44). emasculate his mind, or incapacitate him for taking
19. L. CORNELIUS Scipio ASIATICUS, is only a distinguished part in public affairs. On the con-
known from the fasti Capitolini, as the son of trary he is said to have cultivated the virtues
No. 18, and father of No. 20.
which distinguished the older Romans, and to hare
20. L. CORNELIUS Scipio Asiaticus, is first made Cato the model of his conduct. If we may
mentioned in B. c. 100, when he took up arms believe his panegyrists, Polybius and Cicero, he
with the other members of the senate against possessed all the simple virtues of an old Roman,
Saturninus (Cic. pro Rabir. Perd. 7). In the mellowed by the refining influences of Greek civi-
Social War he was stationed with L. Acilius in lisation.
the town of Aesernia, from which they escaped on Scipio first attracted public notice in B. c. 151.
the approach of Vettius Scato in the dress of The repeated disasters which the Roman arms had
slaves (Appian, B. C. i. 41). He belonged to the sustained in Spain had inspired such dread of that
Marian party in the civil wars, and was appointed war, that when the consuls attempted to levy
consul in B. C. 83 with C. Norbanus. In this troops in B. C. 151, no one was willing to enlist
year Sulla returned to Italy, and advanced against as a soldier, or to take the offices of tribune or
the consuls. He defeated Norbanus in Italy, but legate. Scipio inspired confidence by coming
seduced the troops of Scipio to desert their general, forward, and offering to serve in Spain in any
:
## p. 749 (#765) ############################################
SCIPIO.
749
SCIPIO.
a
capacity in which the consuls might choose to from house to house, and the work of destruction
eniploy him. He was appointed military tribune, and butchery went on for days. The fate of this
and accompanied the consul L. Lucullus to Spain. once magnificent city moved Scipio to tears, and
Here he distinguished himself by his personal anticipating that a similar catastrophe might one
courage. On one occasion he slew, in single day befall Rome, he is said to have repeated the
combat, a gigantic Spanish chieftain ; and at lines of the Iliad (vi. 448) over the fames of
another time he was the first to mount the walls Carthage,
at the storming of the city of Intercatia. Such
έσσεται ήμαρ, ότ' άν ποτ' όλώλη Ίλιος ερή,
daring deeds gained for him the admiration of the
και Πρίαμος και λαός εμμελίω Πριάμοιο.
barbarians, while his integrity and other virtues
conciliated their regard and esteem. Ile quite After completing the arrangements for reducing
threw into the shade his avaricious and cruel | Africa to the form of a Roman province, he re-
commander, and revived among the Spaniards the turned to Rome in the same year, and celebrated
recollection of his grandfather, the elder Africanus. a splendid triumph on account of his victory. The
In the following year, B. c. 150, he was sent by surname of Africanus, which he had inherited by
Lucullus to Africa to obtain from Masinissa a adoption from the conqueror of Jannibal, had
supply of elephants. His name secured him a been now acquired by him by his own exploits.
most honourable reception from the aged Numi- In B. C. 142 Scipio was censor with L. Mum-
dian monarch. He arrived in the midst of the mius. Scipio, in the administration of the duties
war between Masinissa and the Carthaginians, of his office, followed in the footsteps of Cato, and
and was requested by the latter to act as mediator attempted by severity to repress the growing
between them ; but he was unable to accomplish luxury and immorality of his contemporaries. He
any thing, and returned to Spain with the ele exhorted the people to uphold and maintain the
phants.
thaginians ; and as Hannibal at a personal inter- and C. Laelius were consuls. Each of the consuls
view with Scipio could not obtain any abatement was anxious to obtain from the senate the province
of the hard conditions, he was forced, against his of Greece, in order to have the honour of carrying
will, to continue the war. Into the details of the on the war against Antiochus. In order to secure
campaign, which are related very differently, our it for his brother Lucius, Africanus offered to serve
limits will not permit us to enter. The decisive under him as legatus ; and the senate thereupon
battle was at length fought on the 19th of October, granted Lucius the province which he desired. In
B. C. 202, at a place called Narngra on the Bagra- the war against Antiochus, the young son of
das, not far from the city of Zama. Scipio's victory Africanus, who accompanied his father, fell into
was complete ; the greater part of the Carthaginian the hands of the Syrian king. The latter offered
army was cut to pieces ; and Hannibal, upon his to restore his captive without ransom, if Africanus
arrival at Carthage, was the first to admit the mag- would obtain for him a favourable peace ; but al-
nitude of the disaster, and to point out the impos- though the father rejected his proposal, Antiochus
sibility of a further prosecution of the war. The sent him back bie son while he was absent from
terms, however, now imposed by Scipio were much the army in consequence of illness. Africanus
Beverer than before. Carthage had no alternative out of gratitude advised Antiochus not to fight till
but submission ; but the negotiations were con he himself had rejoined the army. The object
tinued for some time, and the final treaty was not which he had in giving this advice it is impossible
concluded till the following year, B. C. 201. to say ; it is quite inconceivable that Scipio medi-
Scipio returned to Italy in s. c. 201, and entered tated any treachery towards his own country ; it
Rome in triumph. He was received with universal is more probable that he hoped to induce Antiochus
enthusiasm ; the surname of Africanus was con- to consent to a peace before a defeat should expose
ferred upon him, and the people in their gratitude him to harder and more humiliating terms. An-
were anxious to bestow upon him the most extra- tiochus, however, did not listen to his advice ; and
ordinary marks of honour. It is related that they the decisive battle was shortly afterwards fought
wished to make him consul and dictator for life, near Mount Sipylus, in which the Syrian king was
and to erect his statue in the comitia, the rostra, totally defeated. Antiochus now applied again to
the curia, and even in the Capitol ; but that he Africanus, who used his influence in the king's
prudently declined all these invidious distinctions favour with his brother Lucius and his council
(Liv. xxxviii. 56; Val. Max. iv. 1. $ 6). As he of war. The terms of peace were severe, but they
did not choose to usurp the supreme power, which did not appear sufficiently severe to the Roman
it seems he might have done with ease, and as senate, who imposed much harder conditions upon
he was an object of suspicion and dislike to the the conquered monarch in the treaty which was
majority of the senate, he took no prominent part finally made.
in public affairs during the next few years. He Africanus returned to Rome with his brother
was censor in B. C. 199 with P. Aelius Paetus, and Lucius after the completion of the war in B. c. 189,
consul a second time in 194 with Ti. Sempronius but his remaining years were embittered by the
Longus. At the same time the censors conferred attacks of his old enemies. Shortly after his re-
upon him the title of princeps senatus, a dis- turn, he and his brother Lucius were accused of,
tinction which he had received from the former having received bribes from Antiochus to let the
censors, and which was again bestowed upon him monarch off too leniently, and of having appro-
in B. C. 190. In B. C. 193, he was one of the three priated to their own use part of the money which
commissioners who were sent to Africa to mediate had been paid by Antiochus to the Roman state.
between Masinissa and the Carthaginians; and in the glory of his African victory had already
the same year, according to a story related by Q. grown diin ; and his enemies availed themselves of
Claudius Quadrigarius, he was one of the ambassa- the opportunity to crush their proud antagonist.
dors sent to Antiochus at Ephesus, at whose court The accusation was set on foot by M. Porcius Cato,
Hannibal was then residing. The tale runs that but the details of it are related with such dis-
he there had an interview with the great Car- crepancies by the ancient authorities, that it is im-
thaginian, who declared him the greatest general possible to determine with certainty the true
that ever lived. The compliment was paid in a history of the affair, or the year in which it
manner the most flattering to Scipio. The latter occurred. It appears, however, that there were
had asked, “Who was the greatest general ? " | two distinct prosecutions, and the following is
“ Alexander the Great,” was Hannibal's reply. perhaps the most probable history of the transac-
" Who was the second ? ” “Pyrrhus. ” “Who tion. In B. c. 187, two tribunes of the people of
the third ? " · Myself,” replied the Carthaginian. the name of Petillii, instigated by Cato and the
“What would you have said, then, if you had other enemies of the Scipios, required L. Scipio to
conquered me? " asked Scipio, in astonishment. render an account of all the sums of money which
" I should then have placed myself before Alex- he had received from Antiochus. L. Scipio ac-
ander, before Pyrrhus, and before all other gecordingly prepared his accounts, but as he was in
nerals. ” (Liv. xxxv. 14. ) Whether the story be the act of delivering them up, the proud conqueror
true or not, there can be no doubt that Scipio of Hannibal indignantly snatched ihem out of his
towered above all the Romans as a general, and hands, and tore them up in pieces before the senate.
was only second to Hannibal himself. Each of But this haughty conduct appears to have produced
these great men possessing true nobility of soul, an unfavourable impression, and his brother, when
could appreciate the other's merits ; and Scipio brought to trial in the course of the same year, was
was the only member of the senate who opposed the declared guilty, and sentenced to pay a heavy fine,
## p. 747 (#763) ############################################
SCIPIO.
747
SCIPIO.
The tribune C. Minucius Augurinus ordered him early as B. c. 187 (Liv. xxxix. 52 ; Cic. Cut. maj.
to be dragged to prison and there detained till the 6). The date of Polybius is most probably the
money was paid ; whereupon Africanus, still more correct one.
enraged at this fresh insult to his family, and setting Scipio married Aemilia, the daughter of L.
himself above the laws, rescued his brother from the Aemilius Paulus, who fell at the battle of Cannae
hands of the tribune's officer. The contest would [AEMILIA, No. 2], and by her he had four children,
probably have been attended with fatal results two sons (Nos. 14 and 15), and two daughters, the
had not Tib. Gracchus, the father of the celebrated elder of whom married P. Scipio Nasica Corculum
tribune, and then tribune himself, had the pru- [No. 23), and the younger Tib. Gracchus, and thus
dence, althongh he disapproved of the violent became the mother of the two celebrated tribunes
conduct of Africanus, to release his brother Lucius [CORNELIA, Nos. 4,5). (It is unnecessary to cite
from the sentence of imprisonment. The property, the numerous passages in Polybius and Livy re-
however, of Lucius was confiscated ; and, as it lating to Scipio ; those in Cicero in which he is
was not sufficient to pay the fine, his clients and mentioned are given by Orelli, in his Onomast.
friends generously contributed not only a sufficient Tull. vol. ii. p. 186 ; there are some interesting re-
amount to supply the deficiency, but so large a marks on his character and the state of parties in
sum that he would have been richer even than Rome at his time, by Gerlach, in his treatise en-
before ; but he would only receive sufficient to titled P. Cornelius Scipio und M. Porcius Cato, in
defray his most pressing wants. The successful the Schweizer. Museum for 1837. )
issue of the prosecution of Lucius, emboldened his 13. L. CORNELIUS SCIPIO Asiaticus, also
enemies to bring the great Africanus himself before called ASIAGENES or ASIAGENUS, was the son of
the people. His accuser was M. Naevius, the tri- No. 9, and the brother of the great Africanus
bune of the people, and if the date of his tribunate (No. 12]. He served under his brother in Spain,
is correctly stated by Livy (xxxix. 52) the accu- where he took the town of Oringis in B. c. 208;
sation was not brought till the end of B. c. 185. and on the completion of the war was sent by his
When the trial came on, Scipio did not condescend brother to Rome, with the joyful news. He was
to say a single word in refutation of the charges praetor in B. c. 193, when he obtained the province
that had been brought against him, but descanted of Sicily, and consul in B. c. 190, with C. Laelius.
long and eloquently upon the signal services he had The senate had not much confidence in his abilities
rendered to the commonwealth. Having spoken (Cic. Phil. xi. 7), and it was only through the offer
till night-fall
, the trial was adjourned till the fol- of his brother Africanus to accompany him as a
lowing day. Early next morning, when the tri- legate that he obtained the province of Greece and
bunes had taken their seats on the rostra, and the conduct of the war against Antiochus (Liv.
Africanus was summoned, he proudly reminded xxviii. 3, 4, 17, xxxiv. 54, 55, xxxvi. 45, xxxvii.
the people that this was the anniversary of the 1). He defeated Antiochus at Mount Sipylus, in
day on which he had defeated Hannibal at Zama, B. c. 190, entered Rome in triumph in the following
and called upon them to neglect all disputes and year, and assumed the surname of Asiaticus. The
law-suits, and follow him to the Capitol, and there history of his accusation and condemnation, and of
return thanks to the immortal gods, and pray that the confiscation of his property, has been already
they would grant the Roman state other citizens related in the life of his brother. But notwith-
like himself. Scipio struck a chord which vibrated standing the poverty to which he is said to have
on every heart; their veneration of the hero re- been reduced (Liv. xxxviii. 60), he celebrated
turned again ; aud he was followed with such with great splendour, in B. c. 185, the games
crowds to the Capitol, that the tribunes were left which he had vowed in his war with Antiochus.
alone in the rostra. Having thus set all the laws Valerius of Antium related that he obtained the
at defiance, Scipio immediately quitted Rome, and necessary money during an embassy on which he
retired to his country seat at Liternum. The tri- was sent after his condemnation, to settle the dis-
bunes wished to renew the prosecution, but Grac- putes between the kings Antiochus and Eumenes.
chus wisely persuaded them to let it drop. (Liv. He was a candidate for the censorship in B. c. 184,
xxxviii. 50–60 ; Gell. iv. 18, vii. 19; Val. Max. but was defeated by the old enemy of his family,
ii. 7. $ 1; Meyer, Orat. Roman. Fragm. pp. 6—8, M. Porcius Cato, who gave another proof of his
2d ed. ) Scipio never returned to Rome. He hatred to the family by depriving Asiaticus of his
would neither submit to the laws nor aspire to the horse at the review of the equites (Liv. xxxix. 22,
sovereignty of the state ; and he therefore resolved 40, 44). It appears, therefore, that even as late
to expatriate himself for ever. He passed his re- as this time an eques did not forfeit his horse by
maining days in the cultivation of his estate at becoming a senator.
Liternum (Senec. Ep. 86); and at his death is The name of Scipio Asiaticus occurs on coins,
said to have requested that his body might be buried and he is the only one of the family of whom
there, and not in his ungrateful country. His re- coins are extant. On the obverse is a head
quest was complied with, and his tomb existed at crowned with laurel, and on the reverse Jupiter
Liternum in the time of Livy. This appears to have
been the more general account; but others related
that he died at Rome, and was buried in the family
sepulchre outside of the porta Capena, where a
statue of him was erected alongside of the statues
of his brother Lucius and the poet Ennius (Liv.
xxxviii. 56). The year of his death is equally
CSCIPASIAS
uncertain. Polybius and Rutilius related that he
died in the sanie year as Hannibal and Philopoe-
men, that is, in B. c. 183. Livy and Cicero placed
his death in B c. 185, and Valerius of Antium as
COIN OF L. SCIPIO ASIATICUS.
00700
0000
## p. 748 (#764) ############################################
748
SCIPIO.
SCIPIO
bius;
driving a quadriga, with L. scir. ASIAG. i. e.
, who was taken prisoner in his camp along with
A siugenes or A siagenus. Though Livy usually his son Lucius, but was dismissed by Sulla unin-
calls him Asiaticus, he gives Asingenes as his sur jured. He was, however, included in the pro-
name in one passage (xxxix. 44): in the epitaph scription in the following year, B. C. 82, where-
on his tomb he is called Asingenus.
upon he fled to Massilia, and passed there the
14. P. CORNELIUS Scirio AFRICANUS, the remainder of his life. His daughter was married
elder son of the great Africanus (No. 12), was to P. Sestius (Appian, B. C. i. 82, 85, 86 ; Plut.
prevented by his weak health from taking any part Sull. 28, Sertor. 6 ; Liv. Epit. 85; Flor. iii. 21 ;
in public affairs. Cicero praises his oratiunculae Oros. v. 21 ; Cic. Phil. xii, 11, xiii. 1 ; Cic. pro
and his Greek history, and remarks that, with the Sest. 3 ; Schol. Bob. in Sest. p. 293, ed. Orelli).
greatness of his father's mind he possessed a larger Cicero speaks favourably of the oratorical powers
amount of learning. Ile had no son of his own, of this Scipio (diccbat non imperite, Cic. Brut.
but adopted the son of L. Aemilius Paulus (see 47).
below, No. 21]. (Cic. Brut. 19, Cat. Maj. 11, de Off: 21. P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO AEMILIANUS AFRI-
i. 33 ; Vell
. Pat. i. 10). He was elected augur in CANUS MINOR, was the younger son of L. Aemilius
B. C. 180 (Liv, xl. 42), and was also Flamen Dia- Paulus, the conqueror of Macedonia, and was
lis, as we see from the inscription on his tomb. adopted by P. Scipio, the son of the conqueror of
This inscription runs as follows:---"Quei apicem, Hannibal (No. 14), whose mother was a sister of
insigne Dialis flaminis, gessistei, mors perfecit tua, L. Aemilius Paulus. He was born about B. C.
ut essent omnia brevia, honos fama virtusque, gloria 185. In his seventeenth year he accompanied his
atque ingenium. Quibus sei in longa licuisset tibe father Paulus to Greece, and fonght under him at
utier vita, facile superas(s)es gloriam majorem. the battle of Pydna, in B. c. 168 (Liv. xliv. 44 ;
Quare lubens te in gremiu(m), Scipio, recipit terra, Plut. Aemil. Paul. 22). While in Greece he pro-
Publi, prognatum Publio, Corneli. ” (Orelli, In- bably became acquainted with the historian Poly-
script. No. 558).
and when the latter was sent to Rome, along
15. L. or Cn. CoRNELIUS Scipio A FRICANUS, with the other Achaean exiles, in the following
the younger son of the great Africanus (No. 12]. year, B. c. 167, Scipio afforded him the pa-
He accompanied his father into Asia in B. c. 190, tronage and protection of his powerful family, and
and was taken prisoner by Antiochus, as has al- formed with him that close and intimate friendship
ready been related in the life of his father. Appian, which continued unbroken throughout his life.
in relating this circumstance (Syr. 29), confounds Scipio appears from his earliest years to have de-
him with the celebrated Africanus minor. This voted himself with ardour to the study of litera-
Scipio was a degenerate son of so illustrious a sire, ture ; and he eagerly availed himself of the su-
and only obtained the praetorship, in B. c. 174, perior knowledge of Polybius to direct him in his
through Cicereius, who had been a scriba of his literary pursuits. He was accompanied by the
father, giving way to him. In the same year he Greek historian in almost all his campaigns, and in
was expelled from the senate by the censors. (Liv. the midst of his most active military duties, lost
xli. 27 ; Val. Max. iii. 5. § 1, iv. 5. § 3. ) no opportunity of enlarging his knowledge of Greek
16. CORNELIA, the elder daughter of the great literature and philosophy, by constant intercourse
Africanus (No. 12), married P. Scipio Nasica Cor- with his friend. At a later period he also culti-
culum, No. 23. [CORNELIA, No. 4. ]
vated the acquaintance of the philosopher Panae-
17. Cornelia, the younger daughter of the tius ; nor did he neglect the literature of his own
great Africanus (No. 12), married Tib. Sempronius country, for the poets Lucilius and Terence were,
Gracchus, and became by him the mother of the as is well known, admitted to his intimacy. His
two celebrated tribunes. [CORNELIA, No. 5. ] friendship with Laelius, whose tastes and pursuits
18. L. CORNELIUS Scipio ASIATICUS, the son were so congenial to his own, was as remarkable as
of the conqueror of Antiochus (No. 13]. The fol that of the elder Africanus with the elder Laelius,
lowing is the inscription on his tomb : “ L. Corneli and has been immortalised by Cicero's celebrated
L. F. P. N. Scipio quaist. tr. mil. annos gnatus treatise entitled “Laelius sive de Amicitia. ” In
XXXIII. mortuos. Pater regem Antioco(m) his younger years it was feared by Scipio's friends
subegit” (Orelli, Inscr. No. 556). As he is here that he would not uphold the honour of his house,
called quaestor, he is probably the same as the L. an apprehension probably only founded on his lite
Cornelius Scipio, the quaestor, who was sent to rary habits and pursuits ; but in him the love of
meet Prusias and conduct him to Rome, when this Greek refinement and Greek literature did not
monarch visited Italy in 1. c. 167 (Liv, xlv. 44). emasculate his mind, or incapacitate him for taking
19. L. CORNELIUS Scipio ASIATICUS, is only a distinguished part in public affairs. On the con-
known from the fasti Capitolini, as the son of trary he is said to have cultivated the virtues
No. 18, and father of No. 20.
which distinguished the older Romans, and to hare
20. L. CORNELIUS Scipio Asiaticus, is first made Cato the model of his conduct. If we may
mentioned in B. c. 100, when he took up arms believe his panegyrists, Polybius and Cicero, he
with the other members of the senate against possessed all the simple virtues of an old Roman,
Saturninus (Cic. pro Rabir. Perd. 7). In the mellowed by the refining influences of Greek civi-
Social War he was stationed with L. Acilius in lisation.
the town of Aesernia, from which they escaped on Scipio first attracted public notice in B. c. 151.
the approach of Vettius Scato in the dress of The repeated disasters which the Roman arms had
slaves (Appian, B. C. i. 41). He belonged to the sustained in Spain had inspired such dread of that
Marian party in the civil wars, and was appointed war, that when the consuls attempted to levy
consul in B. C. 83 with C. Norbanus. In this troops in B. C. 151, no one was willing to enlist
year Sulla returned to Italy, and advanced against as a soldier, or to take the offices of tribune or
the consuls. He defeated Norbanus in Italy, but legate. Scipio inspired confidence by coming
seduced the troops of Scipio to desert their general, forward, and offering to serve in Spain in any
:
## p. 749 (#765) ############################################
SCIPIO.
749
SCIPIO.
a
capacity in which the consuls might choose to from house to house, and the work of destruction
eniploy him. He was appointed military tribune, and butchery went on for days. The fate of this
and accompanied the consul L. Lucullus to Spain. once magnificent city moved Scipio to tears, and
Here he distinguished himself by his personal anticipating that a similar catastrophe might one
courage. On one occasion he slew, in single day befall Rome, he is said to have repeated the
combat, a gigantic Spanish chieftain ; and at lines of the Iliad (vi. 448) over the fames of
another time he was the first to mount the walls Carthage,
at the storming of the city of Intercatia. Such
έσσεται ήμαρ, ότ' άν ποτ' όλώλη Ίλιος ερή,
daring deeds gained for him the admiration of the
και Πρίαμος και λαός εμμελίω Πριάμοιο.
barbarians, while his integrity and other virtues
conciliated their regard and esteem. Ile quite After completing the arrangements for reducing
threw into the shade his avaricious and cruel | Africa to the form of a Roman province, he re-
commander, and revived among the Spaniards the turned to Rome in the same year, and celebrated
recollection of his grandfather, the elder Africanus. a splendid triumph on account of his victory. The
In the following year, B. c. 150, he was sent by surname of Africanus, which he had inherited by
Lucullus to Africa to obtain from Masinissa a adoption from the conqueror of Jannibal, had
supply of elephants. His name secured him a been now acquired by him by his own exploits.
most honourable reception from the aged Numi- In B. C. 142 Scipio was censor with L. Mum-
dian monarch. He arrived in the midst of the mius. Scipio, in the administration of the duties
war between Masinissa and the Carthaginians, of his office, followed in the footsteps of Cato, and
and was requested by the latter to act as mediator attempted by severity to repress the growing
between them ; but he was unable to accomplish luxury and immorality of his contemporaries. He
any thing, and returned to Spain with the ele exhorted the people to uphold and maintain the
phants.
