No More Learning

*^ See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. . x. Maii. Vita S. Comgalli, ex MS. antiquo et editione Sirini, cap. ii. , num. 15, p. 584.
3 Speaking of the varied occupations of the monks living at Bangor, the Rev. James O'Laverty writes : " Some delivered in the schools those lectures that attracted the crowds of students, who, in turn, diffused gratuitously, in some distant land, the knowledge which they had gratuitously re-
while others were engaged in manu- facturing the various articles required by the
ceived
;
—
163
164
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May io.
toiy. Wishing to see if the saint slept, he returned after a short interval. While standing at the door of the cell,5° he was enabled to discover that the saint slept ; but, in a short time, the whole apartment seemed brilliantly illuminated. Comgall arose immediately, when his face beamed with a wonderful beauty and witli a serene expression. He next engaged in prayer. Afterwards, our saint said to the brother without, " O Crimacthan, why art thou there ? Depart instantly, telling no person what thou hast seen ; and, for such presumption, on to-morrow, a penance shall be imposed on thee. " The brother departed, with much fear; and, on the day following, he was
subjected to a penance, in expiation for his fault. s'
Owing to the great number of disciples that embraced his institute, Comgall
has always been regarded as one of the principal fathers of our Irish Church. Hisnumerousmiracleshavegreatlyaddedtohiscelebrity. Ithasbeenobserved, that our saint drew up a particular rule for the direction of his institution, and thatitwasreckonedamongtheprincipalcodes5^prevailinginIreland. Comgall isnamedamongeightchiefframersofmonasticrules. 53 Theothersevenmen- tioned are St. Patrick, St. Brigid, St. Brendan, St. Kieran, St. Columkille, St. Molassius, and St. Adamnan. We may observe, that several other Irish saints are stated to have composed similar rules. s* One day, while St. Comgall was walking, he met a man on the way, named Borgan, carrying in his arms his little son, and he bore the name of Glassan, w^howas dead. He requested the Abbot to restore the child to life, trusting St. Comgall would be able to obtain from God any request he might make. Raising his eyes to Heaven, our saint prayedtotheLord. Afterwards,hesaidtothefatheroftliatdeceasedchild, "IfGodwillit, thysonshalllive,butwaithere,untiltheholyAbbot,Canni- cus, come to you, and then present your son to him, that he may bless your child with a sign of the cross, for to-day Cannicus will pass this way. " St. Cannic approached, in course of an hour ; when the afflicted father requested him, to sign his child who was dead, with a sign of the cross. Turning to the man, and with his eyes elevated towards Heaven, Cannic said to him, " Thy son shall now live, for that is granted by God, to his servant Com- gall. " The child was immediately restored to life ; while both the parent and the boy leturned home, with expressions of grafeful thanksgiving. 55
There was a certain man, named Croidhe, who betrayed an avaricious, a ma- lignant, and a tyrannical disposition. His mother was named Luch, which in Latin signifies mus, in English, " mouse. " This man was a descendant of Tur- taraide;5^ and,atonetime,whenthemonkswereatalossforcorn,theysaid to their Abbot, " Behold that silver vessel, which was sent us as a present ; if thou approvest, let it be sold for corn, that thy brethren may live. " Accord- ingly, St. Comgall had an interview w ith Croidhe, who had abundance of corn.
5' See " Act. i . Sanctonmi," tomus ii. , Mail x. Vita S. Comgalli ex MS. antiquo et edi- tione Sirini, cap. ii. , num. i8, p. 583.
5° The Rev. James O'Laverty slates—and
probably with great accuracy—that a vast
number of small oval-shaped cells stood at
r. angor, in the sixth and seventh centuries.
These cells were "made of wood and wattles,
covered with thatch, or at times even with
skins, scattered in every direction, and in- terspersedwithgardens,fromwhich,inpart
at least, the great monastery derived a sus-
tenance for its numerous inmates. "—"An editone Sirini, cap. ii. ,
Historical Account of the Diocese of Down andConnor,AncientandModem,"vol. ii. , p. 127.
^* Nothing more seems to be known re- gardinghim, than what we find in St. Com- gall's Life.
^- See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, x. , sect. xii. , jip, 62, 63.
53 yee Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Acta S. Columbse, p. 471.
S4 geg Ussher's " Primordia," cap. xvii. , p. 919.
55gee"ActaSanctorum,"tomusii. , x. Maii. Vita S. Comgalli, ex MS. antiquo ct
num, 19, p. 584.
s* No doubt the territory of Ily-Tuirtre is heremeant. Averyfullaccountofitsposi- tion and annalistic references will be found
I
May io. ] LIVES 0I< THE IRISH SAINTS.
165
Comgall asked him to take the silver vessel, in exchange for some provisions. But, the man replied, in a disdainful manner, " I want not what is yours, nor shall you have what is mine. I had rather the mouse should eat my corn than you. " He alluded, by the term " mouse," to his mother. With some warmth, Comgall said, " Be it, as you say ; for, the mice shall eat all your corn, so that it shall not profit you. " Thus, it likewise happened ; for, the mice devoured two heaps of corn, which belonged to that avaricious man. In these were fifteen waggon-loads, but nothing remained to him, on the third day, only chaff and straw. s?
The well known Dempster, who places our saint among writers of the British Scots, attributes to him the authorship of the following works, viz. , Regularis Vit£e Methodus, lib. i. ; Ad Coenobiorum Patres, lib. i. ; Epistolae plures, lib. i. s^ In Harris Ware,S9 we are told, that he wrote Institutions for Monks, which were then extant, as also some Epistles, besides the Acts of his cotemporary, St. Columkille. Besides the rule he drew up, a learned writer ^° would not undertake to assert, that Comgall was the author of other tracts, attributed to him. ^' Some of our saint's brethren advised, that he should accept an offer made to him of certain places, where he might be able to erect small monasteries. These it was supposed might be useful for oppor- tunities afforded, in the way of fishing, or otherwise. But, the saint replied, " A large army is stronger, fighting under its chieftain, in one spot, than dis- persed in many places, and without a leader. " At another time, tliey asked him, that certain brothers might be allowed to fish, in a particular lake. This was a journey of two days from the monastery. To such suggestion, he replied,"Youhavetheseanearyou,whydoyounotfishinit. " Onanswer- ing him, that this sea-fishing was not a productive one, the brothers were sent thither with their nets. Then, they took a great abundance of fish. A contest having arisen between some seculars, at a certain place, regarding the capture of fish ; by his prayers, our saint removed the cause of their conten- tion, so that afterwards, a fish was rarely caught in the same waters. When Comgall had a great number of monks, subject to his rule, an Abbot, who was his senior, and under whose roof our saint had dwelt for some time, came to his monastery. When they sat down to table, and rejoiced in the society of each other, in order to test Comgall's humility, and to find if his former spirit of obedience yet remained, the senior began to chide him severely. Comgall then arose, and prostrating himself on the earth, he began to pour forth copious floods of tears. Being asked, why he wept, the holy man replied, " Because I am grieved, I have not had such an opportunity of practising humility, for many years past. "°^ At another time, when the Abbot was on a visit to a certain monastery under his rule; it chanced, that some of his companions preceded him. Attended by one person, the saint advanced slowly. Turning off from the high road, both entered a small house. Having offered prayers, they remained there until evening. Then, a pious man came to them, and hastening towards his own house, that person brought water to wash their feet, and a covering, under which they might rest. Having struck a light, he placed food before them. When they had partaken of this food, they gave thanks to God, and to their entertainer, according to the usual
in Rev. William Reeves' "Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Down, Connor and Dromore," Appendix BB. , pp. 292 to 297.
57 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , x. Maii. Vita S. Comgalli, ex MS. antiquo et editione Sirini, cap. ii. , num. 20, p. 584.
s'* See " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Sco- torum," tomus i. , lib. iii. , num. 254, p. 152.
59 See vol. ii. , " Writers of Ireland," Book i. , chap, iii. , p. 17.
^° Rev. Dr. Lanigan.
^^ See "Ecclesiastical History of Ire- land," vol. ii. , chap, x. , sect, xii. , p. 63.
*- See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , x. Mali. Vita S. Comgalli, ex tribus Codicibus MSS. , num. 4, pp. 580, 581.
i66 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May io.
manner. A time for sleeping next approached, and both felt wearied. The Abbot commanded his subject to occupy the bed. In obedience, his attendant did as he had been required, while our saint continued his vigil. After a part ofthenighthadbeenspentinsleep,thebrotherawoke. Hesawthewhole house briUiantly illuminated, and this light continued, until break of day. But our saint ordered his companion not to reveal this vision, during the lifetime of his Abbot. This command the brother religiously obeyed. On the following morning, the man who had provided for their accommodation the night before, became their guide to the monastery, towards which they were proceeding. ^3 From the O'Clerys^'* welearn, likewise, how a very old vellum book ^5 states, that Comgall of Bennclior, in habits of life, was like unto James the Apostle.
It chanced, while Comgall was once absent from the monastery, one of his monks took sick. At that time, the brethren had no other food for their sustenance, only some vegetables with esculents of an inferior quality. Being moved with compassion for the condition of the sick man, the monks advised him to visit certain religious, belonging to the same order, who lived in another place. There, they said, he should receive better treatment, besides obtaining the advantage of being nearer to his own relations. ^^ But, when the sick man was brought to this monastery, which lay three or four miles dis- tant,^7 he shortly afterwards died. A vigil was kept over his body, according to a usual custom. On the next day, his corpse was brought to the monas- tery. Friends and kinsmen of the deceased accompanied the remains, with tears and lamentations. Their wailing disturbed monastic quiet. When St.
Comgall returned to the monastery, a short time afterwards, the steward humbly confessed his negligence, in not taking due care of the patient. Approaching the bier, our Abbot offered up his prayers to God, when the dead man was instantly restored to life. Afterwards, he lived fifteen years, in thesamemonastery. Thismonkwaswonttorelate,thatwhenhewishedto ascend a ladder, extending towards Heaven, with others preceding him, he heard a voice saying, that Comgall would not then suffer him to ascend. Another day, according to their usual custom, the brothers being at work ; being overcome with fatigue and thirst, one among them sunk to the earth, and from the middle of the day, to the ninth hour, he was lifeless. But, the Abbot, taking compassion on him, prayed to our Lord, when he was imme- diately restored to life. ^^
CHAPTER III.
ST. COMGALL GOES OVER TO BRITAIN—HE VISITS ST. COLUMKILLE—HE INTENDS BUILDING A CELL ON RATHLIN OR RAGHERV ISLAND—IN THE TERRITORY OF HETII HE FOUNDS A MONASTERY—DISTURBED BY THE PICTS—HE RETURNS TO IRELAND—MIRACULOUS OCCURRENCES—VISITS OF ST. FINBARR AND OF ST. COLUMKILLE TO BANGOR—INTERVIEW BETWEEN ST. COLUMBA AND ST. COMGALL,
AFTER THE CONVENTION AT DRUMCEAT.
In the seventh year, after the foundation of his monastery at Bangor,' St. Comf^all went over into Britain,^ to visit some holy men. It seems very proba-
'3 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , x. Mail. Vita S. Comgalli, ex tribus Codicibus MSS. , num. 5, p. 581.
'* See " Martyrology of Donegal," Rev.
Drs. Todd and Reeves' edition, pp. 122,
123.
'5 Already referred to in St. Biigid's Acts,
at the 1st of February.
** This anecdote serves to show, that change of air and scene had been prescribed, at an early period, for those monks, whose licalth happened to be in a languishing con- dition.
*' This seems to have been a house, under St. Comgall's rule, and thelocntion of which must have been very near Hangoi-.
i
May io. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
167
** See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , x. Maii. Vita S. Conigalli, ex tribus Codicibus MSS. , num. 6, p. 581. Also Vita S. Com- galli, ex MS. antiquo et editione Sirini, cap. iii. , num. 30, p. 586.
Chapter hi. — ' In 555, St. Comgall founded liere an Abbey for Regular Canons, according to Mr. and Mrs. Hall's " Ireland, its Scenery, Character," &c. , vol. iii. , p. 19.
* According to the Second Life, chap, ii. , sect. 21, pp. 584, 585, in the Bollandist col- lection.
3 See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, x. , sect. xii. , p. 63.
* The Rev. Dr. Lanigan remarks, that supposing our saint paid a visit to St. Colum- kille, in one of the Western Isles of Scot- land, Bangor could not have been founded so early as the year 555, because the seventh year following it should have been 562. He says, that Columkille did not leave Ireland until 563 ; and that he spent not a very short time in the western isles, before he had been visited there by St. Comgall. See ibid. , n. 206, pp. 68, 69.
5 This is the year assigned for its estab- lishment, in Fleming's "Collectanea Sacra," Vita S. Comgalli, cap. 22, p. 307.
* Archbishop Ussher has it, " volens quos- dam Sanctos ibi visitare et ibi manere ad tempus ; et constituit ibi monasterium in quaddam villa in regione Heth : ait Vitas Scriptor ; de monachis ibidem a Pictonum quorundam piratarum incursione ab ipso vindicatis narrationem postea adjiciens. "
" Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 494.
7 See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, x. , sect. xii. , p. 63.
* See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Vita S. Columbse," lib. iii. , cap. 17, pp. 219 to 222, and notes accompanying.
9 This island has not yet been identified, but it is supposed to have lain north of, and not far distant from, Hy.
'" The most celebrated of these is Rath- linn or Raghery, on the north coast of
—
ble, that the Britain, to which went, was no other than Great Britain. 3
ever, there appears to have been a mistake in chronology, if on this occasion, he there visited St. Columba,4 unless, indeed, we refer the foundation of Bangor to A. D. 559. 5 He proposed remaining in Britain, for some time. ^ It is likely, that on the occasion, when he went to Britain, in company with St. Brendan and others, he paid a visit to St. Columkille, then living in one of the western Isles. ? The names of four saints, who visited St. Columkille, are Comgellus AIocu Aridi, Cainnechus Mocu Dalon, Brendenus Mocu Alti, and Cormacus Nepos Leathain. ^ The Island, where St. Columkille then resided, is stated to have been Hinba,9 although, according to another account,itiscalledRechra. Thelattermaybesupposedtohavereference to one, among the many islands of Ireland, called Rathlin f° and, the most probable of these is that parish and island of Rathlin," or Raghery,'^ in the
Antrim County. Reachra is supposed to have been an ancient name ofLambay. This island lies off the east shore of Dublin County. See ibid. , pp. 164, 165, n. (b), pp. 86, 87, n. (b), pp. 219, 220, nn. (a, b).
" See it described, on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Antrim," sheet i.
" In the year 1786 appeared a description of this island, contained in the first edition of Rev. William Hamilton's " Letters con- cerning the Northern Coast of the County of Antrim, containing a natural History of its Basaltes : with an Account of such circum- stances as are worthy of notice respecting the Antiquities, Manners and Customs of that Country. The whole illustrated by an accurate Map of the Coast, Roads, Moun- tains,&c. IntheseLettersisstatedaplain and impartial View of the Volcanic Theory of the Basaltes," Dublin, 8vo. This only contained Twelve Letters, pp. 195. This was followed in 1790, by a greatly improved edi- tion of that work, and bearing for its title, "Letters concerning the Northern Coast of the County of Antrim, containing such cir- cumstances as appear worthy of notice re- specting the Antiquities, Manners and Cus- toms of that Country. Together with the natural History of the Basaltes, and its attendant Fossils, in the Northern Counties of Ireland. The whole illustrated by an accurate Map, and Engravings of the most interesting objects on the coast. " In two parts. By the Rev. William Hamilton, B. D. , and M. R. I. A. In these Letters is stated a plain and impartial View of the Volcanic Theory of the Basaltes. " Dublin, 8vo. Each of the parts contains Eight Letters ; both parts constituting 227 pp. The engravings on copper have reference solely to the mainland of the Antrim Coast. Long after the author's death, which took place in the year 1797, his son William llamiltonpreparedareprintof the last edition, with a Memoir and Profile shade of his father prefixed, and this, as also the second edition, was dedicated to the Right Honourable
James Earl of Charlemont, President of the Royal Irish Academy, &c. It bears the title,
How-
i68 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAII^'TS. [May 10.
barony of Carey, and county of Antrim. In ancient times, it is said '3 to have been called Ricnea, by Pliny, Ricina, by Plotomy, Riduna, by Antonius, Recarn and Recrain, by the Irish historians, Raclinda, by Buchannan,''* and Rachri, by M. M'Kenzie. It has an area of nearly 3,400 acres ; of which over 30 are under water. 's Here, it is stated—but incorrectly—that the illustrious St. Columkille had built a church, about a. d. 546, and had estab- lishednearitsomesortofCuldeanestablishment; and,thesearesaidtohave beenplaced,underthegovernmentofDeaconColnian,'^,sonofRoi. How- ever, we can find very little of a reliable nature, regarding those ecclesiastical settlements, in the very early ages. It is only known with certainty, that St. Columkille visited Rechrea ^,^^ but, it is stated, in the Irish Annals, that Segineus, Abbot ofHy, was the first erector of a church at Rechrainn, a. d.
635. "^ After this period, there are several allusions to its history, in our chronicles. At one time, St. Comgall wished to build a cell on the island, called ReachraindorRaclin,asweareinformed. '9 Situatedofftheextremenorthern shore of Ulster, it is not always an easy matter to reach that Island, from the mainland. The site of the ancient ecclesiastical establishment here is not indicated ; some mound of remarkable formation, and Bruce's Castle,^° being the only ruins, now to be seen on the Island. This latter fortress rises on a bold head-land, at the extreme eastern point of the Island, immediately front- ing Scotland ;^' and, it is so called, because the illustrious fugitive Robert Bruce, afterwards King of that country,^- was obliged to seek shelter there, when his fortunes were at a very low ebb, in the winter of 1306^3 About one-fourth of the entire island surface consists of rocks and poor pasturage, while the remaining three-fourths contains tolerably good arable land. ^^ Very
" Letters concerning the Northern Coast of the County of Antrim ; containing observa- tions on the Antiquities, Manners and Cus- toms of that Country. With the Natural History of the Basaltes, illustrated by an accurate Map of the County of Antrim and views of the most interesting objects on the coast. " In two parts. This edition is enriched by a Memoir of the Author—and an Itinerary and Guide to the Giants' Causeway. " Bel- fast, 8vo. , pp. 265. To this latter edition reference is made, in the quotations here given.
'3 See ibid. , Part i. , Letter i. , n. p. 3.
'• He classes it among the EbudK or Western Isles of Scotland. See " Rerum Scoticarum Historia," lib. i. , p. 24.
'^ See "Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ire- land. " vol. iii. , p.