Rome, with his rival Diophanes, to receive the 167, he would doubtless have been among the
senate's decision on the question of the war which 1000 Achaeans who were apprehended and sent to
the Achaean League had declared against Lacedae Rome after the conquest of Macedonia : but his
mon; and, while Diophanes expressed his willing- son Polybius makes no mention of him, nor even
ness to leave every thing to the cente, Lycortas alludes to him, as one of the prisoners in question.
senate's decision on the question of the war which 1000 Achaeans who were apprehended and sent to
the Achaean League had declared against Lacedae Rome after the conquest of Macedonia : but his
mon; and, while Diophanes expressed his willing- son Polybius makes no mention of him, nor even
ness to leave every thing to the cente, Lycortas alludes to him, as one of the prisoners in question.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
35 ; honour of Ptolemy and Arsinoë.
Clint. F. H. vol. ii. App. Ch. 15. ) In B. c. 352, The only one of his poems which has come down
by which time it seems that Tisiphonus was dead, to us is the Cassandra or Alexandra. This is
Philip of Macedon, on the application of the neither a tragedy nor an epic poem, but a long
Aleuadae and their party, advanced into Thessaly iambic monologue of 1474 verses, in which Cas-
against Lycophron, who was now chief ruler. The sandra is made to prophesy the fall of Troy, the
latter was aided by the Phocians, at first under adventures of the Grecian and Trojan heroes, with
Phayllus, without success, and then with better numerous other mythological and historical events,
fortune under Onomarchus, who defeated Philip in going back as early as the Argonauts, the Amazons,
two battles and drove him back into Macedonia ; and the fables of lo and Europa, and ending with
but soon after Philip entered Thessaly again, and Alexander the Great.
The work has no pre
Onomarchus, having also returned from Bocotia to tensions to poetical merit. It is simply a cumbrous
the assistance of Lycophron, was defeated and store of traditional learning. Its obscurity is pro-
slain. Lycophron, and his brother Peitholaus, verbial. Suidas calls it OKOTEIVòv toinua, and its
being now left without resource, surrendered author himself obtained the epithet oxoteivós. Its
Phere to Philip and withdrew from Thessaly with stores of learning and its obscurity alike excited
2000 mercenaries to join their Phocian allies under the efforts of the ancient grammarians, several of
Playllus. An antithetic srcasm, quoted by Aris- whom wrote commentaries on the poem : among
totle, seems to imply that they did not give their them were Thcon, Dection, and Orus. The only
services for nothing. In the hostilities between one of these works which survives, is the Scholia
Sparta and Megalopolis, in this same year (B. C. of Isaac and John Tzetzes, which are far more
35:2), we find among the forces of the former 150 valuable than the poem itself.
of the Thessalian cavalry, who had been driven out A question has been raised respecting the iden-
from Phcrae with Lycophron and Peitholaus. tity of Lycophron the tragedian and Lycophron
(Diod. xvi. 35-37, 39 ; Paus. x. 2 ; Just. viii. the author of the Cassandra. From some lines of
2 ; Dem. Olynth. ii. p. 22 ; Isocr. Phil. p. 86, b; the poem (1226, &c. , 1446, &c. ) which refer to
Arist. Rhet. iii. 9. $ 8. ) From the downfall of Roman history, Niebuhr was led to suppose that
Lycophron to the battle of Cynoscephalae, in B. C. the author could not have lived before the time of
197, Thessaly continued dependent on the kings Flamininus (about B. c. 190); but Welcker, in an
of Macedonia.
elaborate discussion of the question, regards the
6. A Rhodian, was sent by his countrymen as lines as interpolated.
ambassador to Rome, in B. c. 177, to obtain from The first printed edition of Lycophron was the
the senate, if possible, a more favourable decree Aldine, with Pindar and Callimachus, Venet. 1513,
than that which had just pronounced the Lycians 8vo. ; the next was that of Luisius, with the
to have been assigned by Rome to the Rhodians, Scholia, Basil. 1546, fol. : of the later editions
eleven years before, as allies rather than as sub- the most important are those of Potter, Oxon.
jects. (Pol. xxvi. 7, 8; comp. Liv. xxxviii. 39, 1697, fol. , reprinted 1702 ; Reichard, Lips. 1788,
xli. 6. )
[E. E. ] 2 vols. 8vo. ; and Bachmann, Lips. 1828, 2 vols.
LYCOPHRON (Aukóopwv), the celebrated 8vo. ; to which must be added the admirable
Alexandrian grammarian and poet, was a native of edition of the Scholia by C. G. Müller, Lips.
Chalcis in Euboea, the son of Socles, and the 1811, 3 vols. 8vo. (Fabric. Bilil. Gruec. vol. iji.
adopted son of the historian Lycus of Rhegium p. 750 ; Welcker, die Griech. Trayod. pp. 1256-
(Suid. s. v. ). Other accounts made him the son of 1263; Bernhardy, Grundriss d. Griech. Litt. vol.
Lycus (Tzetz, Chil. viii. 481). He lived at Alex- . pp. 613, 10:26-1029. )
[P. S. )
andria, under Ptolemy Philadelphus, who entrusted LYCOPHRONIDES (Aukodpovíồns), a lyric
to him the arrangement of the works of the comic poet, quoted by Clearchus, the disciple of Aristotle.
poets contained in the Alexandrian library. In (Athen. xiii. p. 564, b. , xv. p. 670, e. )
the execution of this commission Lycophron drew LYCOʻREUS (Aukwpeús). 1. A surname of
up a very extensive work on comedy (tepi xwuw- Apollo, perhaps in the same sense as Lyceius ; but
dias), which appears to have embraced the whole he is usually so called with reference to Lycoreia,
subject of the history and nature of the Greek on Mount Parnassus. (Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1490;
comedy, together with accounts of the comic poets, Callim. Hymn. in Apoll. 19; Orph. Hymn. 33. 1. )
and, besides this, many matters bearing indirectly 2. A son of Apollo and the nynıph Corycia,
on the interpretation of the comedians (Meineke, from whom Lycoreia, in the neighbourhood of
Hist. Crit. Com. Graec. pp. 9–11). Nothing Delphi, was believed to bave derived its name.
more is known of his life. Ovid (Ibis, 533) states (Paus. x. 6. & 2. )
that he was killed by an arrow.
There are two other mythical personages of this
As a poet, Lycophron obtained a place in the name. (Apollon. Rhod. i. 51; Serv. ad Aen. ii.
Tragic Pleiad ; but there is scarcely a fragment of his 761. )
(L. S. )
tragedies extant. Suidas gives the titles of twenty LYCO'RIS was the name under which C. Corne
of Lycophron's tragedies; while Tzetzes (Schol. lius Gallus celebrated in his poems his mistress Cy-
in Lyc. 262, 270) makes their number forty-six or theris. The syllabic quantity of the fictitious name
sixty-four. Four lines of his nedonloat are quoted is the same as that of the true one, according to the
by Stobaeus (cxix. 13. ) He also wrote a satyric rule inferred from Apuleius. (De Magia Or. vol.
drama, entitled Mevéônuos, in which he ridiculed ii. p. 12, ed. Bipont; see Acro. ad Hor. Sat. i. 2,
his fellow-countryman, the philosopher Menedemus 64 ; and Bentley’s note, Curm. ii. 12. ) [CYTHE-
of Eretria (Ath. x. p. 420, b. ; Diog. Laërt. i. RIS. Gallus. ]
(W. B. D. ]
140; comp. Menag. ad loc. ), who, nevertheless, LYCORTAS (Avkoptas), of Megalopolis, was
highly prized the tragedies of Lycophron (Diog. ii the father of Polybius, the historian, and the ciose
a
:
## p. 849 (#865) ############################################
LYCORTAS.
849
LYCURGUS.
out,
friend of Philopoemen, to whose policy, prudent at tas for general, against Antiochus Epiphanes; but
once and patriotic, we find him adhering through his motion was unsuccessful. From this period we
In B. c. 189, he was sent as ambassador to hear no more of him. Had he been alive in B. C.
Rome, with his rival Diophanes, to receive the 167, he would doubtless have been among the
senate's decision on the question of the war which 1000 Achaeans who were apprehended and sent to
the Achaean League had declared against Lacedae Rome after the conquest of Macedonia : but his
mon; and, while Diophanes expressed his willing- son Polybius makes no mention of him, nor even
ness to leave every thing to the cente, Lycortas alludes to him, as one of the prisoners in question.
urged the right of the league to free and indepen. We may, therefore, perhaps infer that he was by
dent action. (Liv. xxxviii. 30–34. ) In B. c. 186, that time dead. (Pol. xxix. 8—10 ; see above, vol.
he was one of the three ambassadors sent to i. p. 569, b; Clint. F. 11. vol. iii. pp. 318,
Ptolemy V. (Epiphancs), to effect a new alliance 386. )
[E. E. ]
between Egypt and the Achaeans ; but, at an as- LYCTUS (AÚktos), a son of Lycaon, and the
sembly held at Megalopolis in the next year, when mythical founder of the ancient town of Lyctos in
Ariståenus was strategis, neither Lycortas and his Crete. (Ilom. Il. ii. 647; Eustath. ai llom. p.
colleagues nor the Egyptian envoys, who had ac- 313 ; Steph. Byz. s. v. )
(L. S. ]
companied them from Ptolemy's court, could spe- LYCURGUS (Auxoūpyos). 1. A son of Dryas,
cify which of the several treaties made in former and king of the Edones in Thracc. lle is fuous
times with Egypt had now been renewed ; and for his persecution of Dionysus and his worship on
Lycortas accordingly incurred much blame and the sacred mountain of Nyscion in Thrace. The
furnished a triumph to the party of Aristaenus. god himself leaped into the sea, where he was
(Pol. xxiii. 1, 7, 9. ) In the same year (185), kindly received by Thetis. Zeus thereupon blinded
Philopoemen and Lycortas defended successfully, the impious king, who died soon after, for he was
at Argos, the treatment of the Lacedaemonians by hated by the immortal gods. (Hom. II. vi. 130,
the Achaeans, which had been censured by Caeci- &c. ) The punishment of Lycurgus was represented
lius Metellus ; and, when Appius Claudius was in a painting in a temple at Athens. (Paus. i.
sent from Rome, in B. c. 184, to settle the ques. 20. $ 20. ) The above Homeric story about Ly-
tion, Lycortas, now general of the league, again curgus has been much varied by later poets and
contended that the Achaeans were justified in the mythographers. Some say that Lycurgus expelled
mode in which they had dealt with Lacedaemon : Dionysus from his kingdom, and denied his divine
but he did not carry his point with Appius. (Pol. power ; but being intoxicated with wine, he first
xxii. 23, xxiii. 1, 7, 10, 11, 12, xxiv. 4 ; Liv. attempted to do violence to his own mother, and to
xxxix. 33, 35— 37, 48 ; Plut. Philop. 16, 17; destroy all the vines of his country. Dionysus
Paus, vii. 9. ) In B. c. 183, when Deinocrates and then visited him with madness, in which he killed
his party had withdrawn Messenia from the league, his wife and son, and cut off one (some say both)
Lycortas was sent against them by the aged Phi- of his legs; or, according to others, made away
lopoemen, but was unable to force his way through with himself. (Hygin. Fab. 132, 242; Serv. ad
the passes into Messenia. Being, however, made Aen. iii. 14. ) According to Apollodorus (iii. 5.
general of the league, on the death of Philopoemen, 1), Dionysus, on his expeditions, came to the
at the end of the same year or the beginning of kingdom of Lycurgus, but was expelled ; where-
182, he invaded Messenia and took full vengeance upon he punished the king with madness, so that
on the chief authors of Philopoemen's murder. he killed his son Dryas, in the belief that he was
(DEINOCRATES ; PHILOPOEMEN. ) Soon after cutting down a vine. When this was done, Ly-
Messenia was re-admitted into the league, and curgus recovered his mind; but his country pro-
Lycortas, at the same time, urged successfully duced no fruit, and the oracle declared that fertility
against Diophanes the re-admission of Lacedaemon should not be restored unless Lycurgus were killed.
also. (Pol. xxiv. 12, xxv. 1, 2, Spic. Rel. xxiv. 2, The Edonians therefore tied him, and led him to
3 ; Plut. Philop. 18—21 ; Paus. iv. 29; Liv. mount Pangaeum, where he was torn to pieces by
Xxxix. 48—50 ; Just. xxxii. 1. ) In B. C. 180, horses. Diodorus (i. 20, iii. 65) gives a sort of
Lycortas, together with his son Polybius, and rationalistic account of the whole transaction. Ac-
Aratus (son of the famous general of the same cording to Sophocles (Antig. 955, &c. ), Lycurgus
name), was again appointed ambassador to Ptolemy was entombed in a rock. (Comp. Ov. Trist. v. 3,
Epiphanes, who had made the most friendly ad- 39. )
vances to the Achaeans ; but the intelligence of 2. A son of Aleus and Neaera, and a brother of
the king's death prevented the embassy from being Cepheus and Auge, was king in Arcadia, and
sent (Pol. xxv. 7. ) In B. c. 179, when Hyper- married to Cleophile, Eurynome, or Antinoe, by
batus was general of the league, Lycortas spoke whom he became the father of Ancaeus, Epochus,
strongly against compliance with the requisition of Amphidamas, and Jasus. (Apollod. ii. 9. ),
the Romans for the recal of all the Lacedaemonian &c. ; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 164. ) Some also
exiles without exception. On this occasion he was op- call Cepheus his son, and add another of the name
posed to Callicrates and Hyperbatus; and, of course, of Jocrites. (Apollod. i. 8. $ 2; Steph. Byz. s. v.
he became more and more an object of dislike and Bwtaxida. . ) Lycurgus killed Areïthous with his
suspicion to the Romans He adhered, however, lance, meeting him in a narrow valley. He took
firmly to the moderate policy which he had adopted the club with which his enemy had been armed,
from the first; and, when the war between Ronie and and used it himself; and on his death he be-
Perseus broke out, he recommended the Achaeans queathed it to his slave Ereutbalion, his sons
to preserre a strict neutrality. (Pol. xxvi. 1, &c. , having died before him. (Hom. Il. vii. 142, &c. ;
xxviii. 3, 6. ) In B. c. 168, we find him proposing, Paus. viii. 4. § 7. ) His tomb was afterwards
in opposition again to Callicrates and Hyperbatus, shown at Lepreos. (Paus, v. 5. $ 4. )
to send aid to the two Ptolemies (Philometor and 3. A son of Pronax and brother of Amphithen,
Physcon), who had asked for a force, with Lycor- the wife of Adrastus. He took part in the war o
VOL. II.
31
## p. 850 (#866) ############################################
850
LYCURGUS.
LYCURGUS.
the Seven against Thebes, and engaged in a con- the time of the Heracleido. (Xen, Rep. Lac. x. 8. )
test with Amphiaraus, which was represented on Timaeus, perhaps in order to remove the difficulty,
the throne of Apollo at Amyclac (Paus. iii. 18. & assumed that there were two Lycurgi. (Plut.
7 ; Apollod. i. 9. § 3). He is also mentioned Lyc. 1. ) It appears from these discrepancies that
among those whom Asclepius called to life again the name of Lycurgus did not occur in the list of
after their death. (Apollod. iii. 10. § 3 ; Schol. Spartan kings, which belongs to the oldest docu-
ad Pind. Pyth. iii. 96, ad Eurip. Alcest. 1.
Clint. F. H. vol. ii. App. Ch. 15. ) In B. c. 352, The only one of his poems which has come down
by which time it seems that Tisiphonus was dead, to us is the Cassandra or Alexandra. This is
Philip of Macedon, on the application of the neither a tragedy nor an epic poem, but a long
Aleuadae and their party, advanced into Thessaly iambic monologue of 1474 verses, in which Cas-
against Lycophron, who was now chief ruler. The sandra is made to prophesy the fall of Troy, the
latter was aided by the Phocians, at first under adventures of the Grecian and Trojan heroes, with
Phayllus, without success, and then with better numerous other mythological and historical events,
fortune under Onomarchus, who defeated Philip in going back as early as the Argonauts, the Amazons,
two battles and drove him back into Macedonia ; and the fables of lo and Europa, and ending with
but soon after Philip entered Thessaly again, and Alexander the Great.
The work has no pre
Onomarchus, having also returned from Bocotia to tensions to poetical merit. It is simply a cumbrous
the assistance of Lycophron, was defeated and store of traditional learning. Its obscurity is pro-
slain. Lycophron, and his brother Peitholaus, verbial. Suidas calls it OKOTEIVòv toinua, and its
being now left without resource, surrendered author himself obtained the epithet oxoteivós. Its
Phere to Philip and withdrew from Thessaly with stores of learning and its obscurity alike excited
2000 mercenaries to join their Phocian allies under the efforts of the ancient grammarians, several of
Playllus. An antithetic srcasm, quoted by Aris- whom wrote commentaries on the poem : among
totle, seems to imply that they did not give their them were Thcon, Dection, and Orus. The only
services for nothing. In the hostilities between one of these works which survives, is the Scholia
Sparta and Megalopolis, in this same year (B. C. of Isaac and John Tzetzes, which are far more
35:2), we find among the forces of the former 150 valuable than the poem itself.
of the Thessalian cavalry, who had been driven out A question has been raised respecting the iden-
from Phcrae with Lycophron and Peitholaus. tity of Lycophron the tragedian and Lycophron
(Diod. xvi. 35-37, 39 ; Paus. x. 2 ; Just. viii. the author of the Cassandra. From some lines of
2 ; Dem. Olynth. ii. p. 22 ; Isocr. Phil. p. 86, b; the poem (1226, &c. , 1446, &c. ) which refer to
Arist. Rhet. iii. 9. $ 8. ) From the downfall of Roman history, Niebuhr was led to suppose that
Lycophron to the battle of Cynoscephalae, in B. C. the author could not have lived before the time of
197, Thessaly continued dependent on the kings Flamininus (about B. c. 190); but Welcker, in an
of Macedonia.
elaborate discussion of the question, regards the
6. A Rhodian, was sent by his countrymen as lines as interpolated.
ambassador to Rome, in B. c. 177, to obtain from The first printed edition of Lycophron was the
the senate, if possible, a more favourable decree Aldine, with Pindar and Callimachus, Venet. 1513,
than that which had just pronounced the Lycians 8vo. ; the next was that of Luisius, with the
to have been assigned by Rome to the Rhodians, Scholia, Basil. 1546, fol. : of the later editions
eleven years before, as allies rather than as sub- the most important are those of Potter, Oxon.
jects. (Pol. xxvi. 7, 8; comp. Liv. xxxviii. 39, 1697, fol. , reprinted 1702 ; Reichard, Lips. 1788,
xli. 6. )
[E. E. ] 2 vols. 8vo. ; and Bachmann, Lips. 1828, 2 vols.
LYCOPHRON (Aukóopwv), the celebrated 8vo. ; to which must be added the admirable
Alexandrian grammarian and poet, was a native of edition of the Scholia by C. G. Müller, Lips.
Chalcis in Euboea, the son of Socles, and the 1811, 3 vols. 8vo. (Fabric. Bilil. Gruec. vol. iji.
adopted son of the historian Lycus of Rhegium p. 750 ; Welcker, die Griech. Trayod. pp. 1256-
(Suid. s. v. ). Other accounts made him the son of 1263; Bernhardy, Grundriss d. Griech. Litt. vol.
Lycus (Tzetz, Chil. viii. 481). He lived at Alex- . pp. 613, 10:26-1029. )
[P. S. )
andria, under Ptolemy Philadelphus, who entrusted LYCOPHRONIDES (Aukodpovíồns), a lyric
to him the arrangement of the works of the comic poet, quoted by Clearchus, the disciple of Aristotle.
poets contained in the Alexandrian library. In (Athen. xiii. p. 564, b. , xv. p. 670, e. )
the execution of this commission Lycophron drew LYCOʻREUS (Aukwpeús). 1. A surname of
up a very extensive work on comedy (tepi xwuw- Apollo, perhaps in the same sense as Lyceius ; but
dias), which appears to have embraced the whole he is usually so called with reference to Lycoreia,
subject of the history and nature of the Greek on Mount Parnassus. (Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1490;
comedy, together with accounts of the comic poets, Callim. Hymn. in Apoll. 19; Orph. Hymn. 33. 1. )
and, besides this, many matters bearing indirectly 2. A son of Apollo and the nynıph Corycia,
on the interpretation of the comedians (Meineke, from whom Lycoreia, in the neighbourhood of
Hist. Crit. Com. Graec. pp. 9–11). Nothing Delphi, was believed to bave derived its name.
more is known of his life. Ovid (Ibis, 533) states (Paus. x. 6. & 2. )
that he was killed by an arrow.
There are two other mythical personages of this
As a poet, Lycophron obtained a place in the name. (Apollon. Rhod. i. 51; Serv. ad Aen. ii.
Tragic Pleiad ; but there is scarcely a fragment of his 761. )
(L. S. )
tragedies extant. Suidas gives the titles of twenty LYCO'RIS was the name under which C. Corne
of Lycophron's tragedies; while Tzetzes (Schol. lius Gallus celebrated in his poems his mistress Cy-
in Lyc. 262, 270) makes their number forty-six or theris. The syllabic quantity of the fictitious name
sixty-four. Four lines of his nedonloat are quoted is the same as that of the true one, according to the
by Stobaeus (cxix. 13. ) He also wrote a satyric rule inferred from Apuleius. (De Magia Or. vol.
drama, entitled Mevéônuos, in which he ridiculed ii. p. 12, ed. Bipont; see Acro. ad Hor. Sat. i. 2,
his fellow-countryman, the philosopher Menedemus 64 ; and Bentley’s note, Curm. ii. 12. ) [CYTHE-
of Eretria (Ath. x. p. 420, b. ; Diog. Laërt. i. RIS. Gallus. ]
(W. B. D. ]
140; comp. Menag. ad loc. ), who, nevertheless, LYCORTAS (Avkoptas), of Megalopolis, was
highly prized the tragedies of Lycophron (Diog. ii the father of Polybius, the historian, and the ciose
a
:
## p. 849 (#865) ############################################
LYCORTAS.
849
LYCURGUS.
out,
friend of Philopoemen, to whose policy, prudent at tas for general, against Antiochus Epiphanes; but
once and patriotic, we find him adhering through his motion was unsuccessful. From this period we
In B. c. 189, he was sent as ambassador to hear no more of him. Had he been alive in B. C.
Rome, with his rival Diophanes, to receive the 167, he would doubtless have been among the
senate's decision on the question of the war which 1000 Achaeans who were apprehended and sent to
the Achaean League had declared against Lacedae Rome after the conquest of Macedonia : but his
mon; and, while Diophanes expressed his willing- son Polybius makes no mention of him, nor even
ness to leave every thing to the cente, Lycortas alludes to him, as one of the prisoners in question.
urged the right of the league to free and indepen. We may, therefore, perhaps infer that he was by
dent action. (Liv. xxxviii. 30–34. ) In B. c. 186, that time dead. (Pol. xxix. 8—10 ; see above, vol.
he was one of the three ambassadors sent to i. p. 569, b; Clint. F. 11. vol. iii. pp. 318,
Ptolemy V. (Epiphancs), to effect a new alliance 386. )
[E. E. ]
between Egypt and the Achaeans ; but, at an as- LYCTUS (AÚktos), a son of Lycaon, and the
sembly held at Megalopolis in the next year, when mythical founder of the ancient town of Lyctos in
Ariståenus was strategis, neither Lycortas and his Crete. (Ilom. Il. ii. 647; Eustath. ai llom. p.
colleagues nor the Egyptian envoys, who had ac- 313 ; Steph. Byz. s. v. )
(L. S. ]
companied them from Ptolemy's court, could spe- LYCURGUS (Auxoūpyos). 1. A son of Dryas,
cify which of the several treaties made in former and king of the Edones in Thracc. lle is fuous
times with Egypt had now been renewed ; and for his persecution of Dionysus and his worship on
Lycortas accordingly incurred much blame and the sacred mountain of Nyscion in Thrace. The
furnished a triumph to the party of Aristaenus. god himself leaped into the sea, where he was
(Pol. xxiii. 1, 7, 9. ) In the same year (185), kindly received by Thetis. Zeus thereupon blinded
Philopoemen and Lycortas defended successfully, the impious king, who died soon after, for he was
at Argos, the treatment of the Lacedaemonians by hated by the immortal gods. (Hom. II. vi. 130,
the Achaeans, which had been censured by Caeci- &c. ) The punishment of Lycurgus was represented
lius Metellus ; and, when Appius Claudius was in a painting in a temple at Athens. (Paus. i.
sent from Rome, in B. c. 184, to settle the ques. 20. $ 20. ) The above Homeric story about Ly-
tion, Lycortas, now general of the league, again curgus has been much varied by later poets and
contended that the Achaeans were justified in the mythographers. Some say that Lycurgus expelled
mode in which they had dealt with Lacedaemon : Dionysus from his kingdom, and denied his divine
but he did not carry his point with Appius. (Pol. power ; but being intoxicated with wine, he first
xxii. 23, xxiii. 1, 7, 10, 11, 12, xxiv. 4 ; Liv. attempted to do violence to his own mother, and to
xxxix. 33, 35— 37, 48 ; Plut. Philop. 16, 17; destroy all the vines of his country. Dionysus
Paus, vii. 9. ) In B. c. 183, when Deinocrates and then visited him with madness, in which he killed
his party had withdrawn Messenia from the league, his wife and son, and cut off one (some say both)
Lycortas was sent against them by the aged Phi- of his legs; or, according to others, made away
lopoemen, but was unable to force his way through with himself. (Hygin. Fab. 132, 242; Serv. ad
the passes into Messenia. Being, however, made Aen. iii. 14. ) According to Apollodorus (iii. 5.
general of the league, on the death of Philopoemen, 1), Dionysus, on his expeditions, came to the
at the end of the same year or the beginning of kingdom of Lycurgus, but was expelled ; where-
182, he invaded Messenia and took full vengeance upon he punished the king with madness, so that
on the chief authors of Philopoemen's murder. he killed his son Dryas, in the belief that he was
(DEINOCRATES ; PHILOPOEMEN. ) Soon after cutting down a vine. When this was done, Ly-
Messenia was re-admitted into the league, and curgus recovered his mind; but his country pro-
Lycortas, at the same time, urged successfully duced no fruit, and the oracle declared that fertility
against Diophanes the re-admission of Lacedaemon should not be restored unless Lycurgus were killed.
also. (Pol. xxiv. 12, xxv. 1, 2, Spic. Rel. xxiv. 2, The Edonians therefore tied him, and led him to
3 ; Plut. Philop. 18—21 ; Paus. iv. 29; Liv. mount Pangaeum, where he was torn to pieces by
Xxxix. 48—50 ; Just. xxxii. 1. ) In B. C. 180, horses. Diodorus (i. 20, iii. 65) gives a sort of
Lycortas, together with his son Polybius, and rationalistic account of the whole transaction. Ac-
Aratus (son of the famous general of the same cording to Sophocles (Antig. 955, &c. ), Lycurgus
name), was again appointed ambassador to Ptolemy was entombed in a rock. (Comp. Ov. Trist. v. 3,
Epiphanes, who had made the most friendly ad- 39. )
vances to the Achaeans ; but the intelligence of 2. A son of Aleus and Neaera, and a brother of
the king's death prevented the embassy from being Cepheus and Auge, was king in Arcadia, and
sent (Pol. xxv. 7. ) In B. c. 179, when Hyper- married to Cleophile, Eurynome, or Antinoe, by
batus was general of the league, Lycortas spoke whom he became the father of Ancaeus, Epochus,
strongly against compliance with the requisition of Amphidamas, and Jasus. (Apollod. ii. 9. ),
the Romans for the recal of all the Lacedaemonian &c. ; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 164. ) Some also
exiles without exception. On this occasion he was op- call Cepheus his son, and add another of the name
posed to Callicrates and Hyperbatus; and, of course, of Jocrites. (Apollod. i. 8. $ 2; Steph. Byz. s. v.
he became more and more an object of dislike and Bwtaxida. . ) Lycurgus killed Areïthous with his
suspicion to the Romans He adhered, however, lance, meeting him in a narrow valley. He took
firmly to the moderate policy which he had adopted the club with which his enemy had been armed,
from the first; and, when the war between Ronie and and used it himself; and on his death he be-
Perseus broke out, he recommended the Achaeans queathed it to his slave Ereutbalion, his sons
to preserre a strict neutrality. (Pol. xxvi. 1, &c. , having died before him. (Hom. Il. vii. 142, &c. ;
xxviii. 3, 6. ) In B. c. 168, we find him proposing, Paus. viii. 4. § 7. ) His tomb was afterwards
in opposition again to Callicrates and Hyperbatus, shown at Lepreos. (Paus, v. 5. $ 4. )
to send aid to the two Ptolemies (Philometor and 3. A son of Pronax and brother of Amphithen,
Physcon), who had asked for a force, with Lycor- the wife of Adrastus. He took part in the war o
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850
LYCURGUS.
LYCURGUS.
the Seven against Thebes, and engaged in a con- the time of the Heracleido. (Xen, Rep. Lac. x. 8. )
test with Amphiaraus, which was represented on Timaeus, perhaps in order to remove the difficulty,
the throne of Apollo at Amyclac (Paus. iii. 18. & assumed that there were two Lycurgi. (Plut.
7 ; Apollod. i. 9. § 3). He is also mentioned Lyc. 1. ) It appears from these discrepancies that
among those whom Asclepius called to life again the name of Lycurgus did not occur in the list of
after their death. (Apollod. iii. 10. § 3 ; Schol. Spartan kings, which belongs to the oldest docu-
ad Pind. Pyth. iii. 96, ad Eurip. Alcest. 1.
