A son of
Plutarch
of Athens, and a disciple
become moral agents, inasmuch as they can have of Proclus, the New Platonist.
become moral agents, inasmuch as they can have of Proclus, the New Platonist.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
)
a time required all his attention. But after his HIDRIEUS. (IDRIEUS. )
great victory at the Crimissus (B. C. 339), he soon HIEMPSAL ('iduvas, Plut. ; 'Iduvauos, Diod. ;
resumed his project of freeing Sicily altogether 'leuxánas, Appian). The name is probably a cor
from the tyrants. Hicetas had concluded a league ruption of Hicemsbal. (Gesenius, Ling. Phoen. Mon.
with Mamercus, ruler of Catana, and they were p. 198. ) 1. A son of Micipsa, king of Numidia,
supported by a body of Carthaginian auxiliaries and grandson of Masinissa. Micipsa, on his death-
sent them by Gisco; but though they at first gained bed, left his two sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal,
some partial successes, Hicetas was totally defeated together with his nephew, Jugurtha, joint heirs of
by Timoleon at the river Damurias, and soon after his kingdom. But the unprincipled ambition of
fell into the hands of the enemy, by whom he was Jugurtha, and the jealousy of him long entertained
put to death, together with his son Eupolemus. by the other two, rendered it certain that this
His wife and daughters were carried to Syracuse, arrangement could not be of long duration ; and at
where they were barbarously executed, by order of the very first meeting of the three princes their
the people, in vengeance for the fate of Arete and animosity displayed itself in the most fagrant
Aristomache. (Plut. Timol. 21, 24, 30—33; Diod. manner. Hiempsal especially, as the younger of
xvi. 72, 73, 81, 82. )
the two brothers, and of the most impetuous
2. Tyrant of Syracuse, during the interval be character, allowed his feelings to break forth, and
tween the reign of Agathocles and that of Pyrrhus. gave mortal offence to Jugurtha. After this inter-
After the death of Agathocles (B. C. 289), his sup- view, it being agreed to divide the kingdom of
posed assassin, Maenon, put to death Archagathus, Numidia, as well as the treasures of the late king,
the grandsor of the tyrant; and assuming the com- between the three princes, they took up their
COIN OF HICETAS
P
## p. 451 (#467) ############################################
HIEMPSAL'
451
HIERAX.
SS18 WSZESTÀ BEIREKT
Feat
]
quarters in different towns in the neighbourhood of There is no doubt that the Hiempsal here meant
Cirta; but Hiempsal having imprudently esta is the present one ; nor does there seem any
blished himself at Thirmida, in a house belonging reason to suppose, with Heeren (Ideen, vol. iv.
to a dependent of Jugurtha, the latter took advan- p. 21), that Sallust meant to designate him only
tage of this circumstance to introduce a body of as the proprietor, not the author, of the work in
armed men into the house during the night, who question.
[E. H. B. ]
put to death the unhappy prince, together with HI'ERA ('lépa), the wife of Telephus, who in
many of his followers. (Sall. Jug. 5, 9, 11, 12; the Trojan war commanded the Mysian women on
Diod. Exc. Vales. XXXV. p. 605; Flor. ïï. 2. ) Such horseback. Late traditions described her as ex-
is Sallust's parrative. Livy, on the contrary, ap- ing in beauty llelena herself. She fell by the
pears, so far as we can judge from the words of his hand of Nireus. (Philostr. ller. ii. 18. ) (L. S. ]
Epitomist, to represent the death of Vicmpsul as Hl'ERAS, a Galatian, who was ambasador for
the result of open hostilities. (Liv. Epit. lxii. ) king Deiotarus at Rome, when Cicero defended that
Orosius, who probably followed Livy, says only prince in B. c. 45 (Cic. pro Deiot. 15. § 41, 42).
Hiempsalem occidit (v. 15).
With the devotion of an Oriental, Ilicras offered
2. King of Numidia, and father of Juba, the himself to the torture in proof of his master's inno-
adversary of Caesar. (Caes. B. C. ii. 25; Suet. cence. (Schol. Gronov. ad Deiot. p. 424; Orelli. )
Cacs. 71. ) It appears from an inscription pre Hieras was at Rome in the following year also, B. Ć.
served by Reinesius and Spon, that he was a 44. (Cic. ad Att. 16. 3. )
(W. B. D. )
grandson of Masinissa, and son of Gulussa. (See HI'ERAX ('lépat), the name of two mythical
W'ess. ad Diod. vol. ii. p. 607. ) If this account personages, respecting whom nothing of interest is
be correct, he was already a man of advanced age, related. (Apoll. ii. 1. $ 3; Ant. Lib. 3. ) [L. S. )
when we find him mentioned as affording shelter HIΈRAX (Ιέραξ). 1. A musician of the
to the young Marius and Cethegus, after the tri- Mythic period, before the Trojan war. He is said
umph of the party of Sulla at Rome, B. C. 88. At to have invented the Hieracian measure, vóuos
what time he obtained the sovereignty, or over iepakios, and to have been the friend and disciple
what part of Numidia his rule extended, we have of Olympus the musician. He died young. (Pol-
no information, none of the Roman historians lux, iv. 10; Fabr, Bill. Gr. vol. i. pp. 136 and
having mentioned the arrangements adopted in re 726. )
gard to Numidia after the Jugurthine war. But 2. A writer, from whose work Nepi Olxalooúrns
though Hiempsal received at his court the refugees a quotation is made in the 'Iwvid (Violetum) of Ar-
of the Marian party, as already stated, he was far senius, of Monem basia, first published by Walz,
from determined to espouse their cause, and sought 8vo. Stuttgard, 1832.
to detain them in a kind of honourable captivity, There is a citation from Hierax, perhaps the
while he awaited the issue of events. They, how- same as that contained in the works of Arsenius,
ever, made their escape, and joined the elder among the yumuar subjoined to the edition of Cal-
Marius. (Plut. Mar. 40; Appian, B. C. i. 62. ) In limachus, printed by Frobenius and Episcopius, at
consequence, probably, of his conduct on this occa- Basel, 4to. 1532. (Bandini, Catal. Codd. Med.
sion, he was afterwards expelled from the throne of Laur. vol. i. p. 549. )
Numidia by Cn. Domitias Ahenobarbus, the leader 3. A Christian teacher, charged with heresy by
of the Marian party in Africa, and Hiarbas esta- Epiphanius and Augustin, and classed by Photius
blished in his stead; but when, in B. c. 81, Pompey and Peter of Sicily with the Manichaeans. Tille-
landed in Africa, and overthrew Domitius, he drove mont and Cave agree in placing him at the end of
out Hiarbas in his turn, and reinstated Hiempsal the third or beginning of the fourth century, and
on the throne. (Plut. Pomp. 12; Appian, B. C. their judgment is confirmed by the manner in which
i 80. ) He appears to have remained in undis Epiphanius, writing about A. D. 375, refers to his
puted possession of the kingdom from this period death. Epiphanius writes the name 'Iéparas, John
till his death, the date of which is not mentioned, of Damascus calls him Hierax ('lepas); in Augustin
but it may be inferred from the incidental notice in and the work entitled Praedestinatus it is written
Suetonius (Caes. 71) that he was still alive as late Hieraca. According to Epiphanius and John of
as B. C. 62. Cicero also refers to him in an oration Damascus, he was of Leontus (év Tŷ Aeovt) or
delivered the preceding year (Adv. Rullum, Or. ii. Leontopolis, in Egypt, and was eminent for his
22) in terms that evidently imply that he was then attainments in every kind of knowledge cultivated
stil on the throne. The peculiar privileges there by the Egyptians and the Greeks, especially in
adverted to, as possessed by the lands of Hiempsal medicine: but he was perhaps only slightly, if at
in Africa, were probably conceded to him by Pom- all, acquainted with astronomy and magic. He
pey. Many of the Gaetulian tribes were at the was thoroughly versed in the Old and New Testa-
same time subjected to his authority: (Hirt. B. ments, and wrote expositions of them. The excel-
Afr. 56. ) Sallust also cites (Jug. 17), as an au-
lence of his life, and his power of persuasion,
thority for some of his statements concerning the enabled him to spread his peculiar views very
early history of Africa, certain books written in the widely among the Egyptian ascetics. His absti-
Punic language qui regis Hiempsalis dicebantur. nence was remarkable, but not beyond what his
constitution could bear, for he is said to have lived
• It seems, however, that there is considerable to more than ninety years, and was distinguished
doubt as to the true reading of the inscription in to the day of his death by the undiminished clear-
question : according to the version given by Belley ness of his sight, and by his beautiful writing.
(Mém. de l'Acad. des Inscr. vol. xxxviii
. p. 104. ) His obnoxious opinions were a denial of the resur-
and Eckhel (vol. iv. p. 158), it would make Hjemp rection of the body, and of a heaven perceptible by
sal a son of Gauda, and, consequently, great-grand- the senses; the repudiation of marriage, for he be-
son of Masinissa, which is certainly upon chronolo lieved that none of those who married could inherit
gical grounds more probable.
the kingdom of heaven ; the rejection from tbe
L]
jodi
eath-
ind
uired
st
ther
GG 2
## p. 452 (#468) ############################################
452
HIERIUS.
HIEROCLES.
e
kingdom of heaven of such as die before they have 2.
A son of Plutarch of Athens, and a disciple
become moral agents, inasmuch as they can have of Proclus, the New Platonist. (Comp. Plu-
done nothing to obtain admission, “ quia non sunt TARCHUS of Athens. )
(L. S. )
illis," as Augustin expresses it, “ ulla merita certa- HIEROCLES (ʻleporanis), historical. i. The fa-
minis quo vitia superantur. ” He held that the Son ther of Hieron II. , king of Syracuse. (HIERON II. ]
was truly begotten of the Father, and that the 2. A Carian leader of mercenaries, which formed
Holy Ghost was from the Father ; but added that part of the garrison in the forts of Athens, under
Melchizedek was the Holy Ghost. Hierax became Demetrius Poliorcetes. He discovered to his com-
the founder of a sect called the Hieracitae (ʻlepaki manding officer, Heracleides, some overtures which
Tai), into which, consistently enough, none but. had been made to him by the Athenians to induce
unmarried persons (conjugia non habentes) were him to betray into their hands the fortress of the
admitted. Those who were regarded as his most Museum, and thus caused the complete destruction
thorough disciples abstained from animal food. of the Athenian force that attempted to surprise it.
The author of the work Kata Taoûv TW aipéoewy, (Polyaen. v. 17, $ 1. ) He is probably the same
Contra omnes Hacreses, usually printed among the whom we find at a subsequent period as early as
works of Athanasius, says (c. 9) that they rejected B. c. 278), holding the command of the Peiraeeus
the Old Testanient; but this must be understood and Munychia for Antigonus Gonatas. His rela-
to mean that they rejected it as a perfect rule of tions with the philosopher Arcesilaus appear to
life, deeming it abrogated by the higher moral indicate that he was a man of cultivated mind.
standard of Christianity. John of Damascus says (Diog. Laërt. ï. 127, iv. 39; Droysen, Hellenism.
they used the Old as well ns the New Testament. vol. ii. pp. 84, 206. )
John of Carpathus charges them with denying the 3. A native of Agrigentum, who, after the de-
human nature of Christ, and with holding that feat of Antiochus III. at Thermopylae (B. c. 191),
God, matter, and evil, are three original principles. surrendered the island of Zacynthus, with the
But Epiphanius does not enumerate these among command of which he had been entrusted by
their errors.
Amynander, to the Achaeans. (Liv. xxxvi. 32. )
The works of Hierax were numerous ; he wrote 4. A Carian slave, afterwards a charioteer, in
both in the Greek and Egyptian (i. e. Coptic) lan- which capacity he attracted the attention of the
guages: besides his Expositions of the Scriptures, or emperor Elagabalus : he qnickly rose to a high place
more probably as a part of them, he wrote on the in the favour of that prince, and became one of
Heraëmeron, introducing, says Epiphanius, many the chief ministers of his infamous debaucheries,
fables and allegories. He wrote also many psalms by which means he obtained so firm a hold over
Or sacred songs, ψαλμούς τε πολλούς νεωτερικούς. him, that he continued to the last to be the chief
His works are now known only by the few brief dispenser of the favours and patronage of the em-
citations of Epiphanius.
peror. He was put to death by the soldiery in
Lardner has shown the impropriety of classing a sedition, shortly before the death of Elagabalus
Hierax and his followers with the Manichaeans, himself, A. D. 222. (Dion Cass. lxxix. 15, 19;
from whom the earlier writers expressly distinguish Lamprid. Elagab. 6, 15. )
[E. H. B. )
them; but with whom Photius and Peter of Sicily, HIEROCLES ('lepokañs), literary. 1. A Greek
and, among moderns, Fabricius and Beausobre con- rhetorician of Alabanda in Caria, who, like his
found them. Some have attempted, but without brother Menecles, was distinguished by that kind of
just ground, to distinguish between Hierax, the oratory which was designated by the name of the
reputed Manichaean, and Hieracas, founder of the Asiatic, in contrast with Attic oratory. His brother
Hieracites. (Epiphan. Panarium Haeres. 67 ; was the teacher of the famous Molo of Rhodes,
Augustin, De Haeres. c. 47; Anonymi Praedes- the teacher of Cicero, so that Hierocles must have
tinatus, lib. i. c. 4, apud Galland. Bibl. Patr, vol. lived about B. C. 100. We do not hear that be
X. p. 370; Athanas. Opera, vol. ii. p. 235, ed. wrote any rhetorical works, but his orations appear
Benedictin ; Joan. Damasc. De Haeres. c. 67; to have been extant in the time of Cicero. (Brut.
Opera, vol. i. p. 91, ed. Lequien ; Cave, Hist. Litt. 95, Orat. 69, de Orat. ii. 23; Strab. xiv. p. 661. )
vol. i. p. 161, ed. Oxford, 1740—1743 ; Beausobre, 2. The author of a work entitled pilotopes,
Hist. du Manichéisme, liv. ii. ch. 7. § 2, vol. i. p. or the friends of history, which is referred to
430, &c. ; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. vii. p. 321, vol. ix. p. several times, and seems to have chiefly contained
246 ; Lardner, Credibility, part ii. bk. i. c. 63. S marvellous stories about men and animals. (Steph.
7; Tillemont, Mém. vol. iv. p. 411, &c. ) [J. C. M. } Byz. s. vv. Bpaxuâves, Tapkuvia ; Tzetz. Chil. vii.
HIERA'MENES ('Iepauévns), is named with 146, 716, &c. ) The time at which he lived is
Tissaphernes and the sons of Pharaces, as contract- uncertain, though he belongs, in all probability, to
ing parties to the third treaty between Sparta and a later date than Hierocles of Alabanda.
Persia, and must therefore have been at that time 3. Of Hyllarima in Carin, is mentioned by
(B. C. 412) an important person in Asia Minor. Stephanus Byzantius (s. v. 'Tanápua), and from
(Thuc. viii
. 58. ) He is probably the same who is an athlete turned philosopher. Whether he is the
said to have married a sister of Dareius, and whose same as the Stoic who is spoken of by Gellius (ix.
sons, Autoboesaces and Mitracus, were killed by 5), cannot be decided. Vossius (de Hist. Graec.
Cyrus the Younger, for having failed to show to p. 453, &c. , ed. Westermann) conjectures that he is
him a mark of respect usually paid to the king the same as Hierocles the author of a work entitled
only. The complaint of the parents to Dareius Oeconomicus, from which some extracts are preserved
was in part the reason of the recall of Cyrus, in Stobaeus (Flor. Ixxxiv. 20, 23, lxxxv, 21, lxxix.
B. C. 406. (Xen. Hell. ii. 1. $ 9. ) [A. H. C. ] 53, xxxix. 34-36, lxvii. 21-24), and that he also
HIEʻRIUS (-lépios). 1. A rhetorician of was the author of a work on justice (Stob. viii.
Athens, who is mentioned by St. Augustin (Con- | 19), though the name is there perhaps a mistake for
fess. iv. 14), and Suidas (s. v. Tau périos), but is Hierar. (Comp. v.
a time required all his attention. But after his HIDRIEUS. (IDRIEUS. )
great victory at the Crimissus (B. C. 339), he soon HIEMPSAL ('iduvas, Plut. ; 'Iduvauos, Diod. ;
resumed his project of freeing Sicily altogether 'leuxánas, Appian). The name is probably a cor
from the tyrants. Hicetas had concluded a league ruption of Hicemsbal. (Gesenius, Ling. Phoen. Mon.
with Mamercus, ruler of Catana, and they were p. 198. ) 1. A son of Micipsa, king of Numidia,
supported by a body of Carthaginian auxiliaries and grandson of Masinissa. Micipsa, on his death-
sent them by Gisco; but though they at first gained bed, left his two sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal,
some partial successes, Hicetas was totally defeated together with his nephew, Jugurtha, joint heirs of
by Timoleon at the river Damurias, and soon after his kingdom. But the unprincipled ambition of
fell into the hands of the enemy, by whom he was Jugurtha, and the jealousy of him long entertained
put to death, together with his son Eupolemus. by the other two, rendered it certain that this
His wife and daughters were carried to Syracuse, arrangement could not be of long duration ; and at
where they were barbarously executed, by order of the very first meeting of the three princes their
the people, in vengeance for the fate of Arete and animosity displayed itself in the most fagrant
Aristomache. (Plut. Timol. 21, 24, 30—33; Diod. manner. Hiempsal especially, as the younger of
xvi. 72, 73, 81, 82. )
the two brothers, and of the most impetuous
2. Tyrant of Syracuse, during the interval be character, allowed his feelings to break forth, and
tween the reign of Agathocles and that of Pyrrhus. gave mortal offence to Jugurtha. After this inter-
After the death of Agathocles (B. C. 289), his sup- view, it being agreed to divide the kingdom of
posed assassin, Maenon, put to death Archagathus, Numidia, as well as the treasures of the late king,
the grandsor of the tyrant; and assuming the com- between the three princes, they took up their
COIN OF HICETAS
P
## p. 451 (#467) ############################################
HIEMPSAL'
451
HIERAX.
SS18 WSZESTÀ BEIREKT
Feat
]
quarters in different towns in the neighbourhood of There is no doubt that the Hiempsal here meant
Cirta; but Hiempsal having imprudently esta is the present one ; nor does there seem any
blished himself at Thirmida, in a house belonging reason to suppose, with Heeren (Ideen, vol. iv.
to a dependent of Jugurtha, the latter took advan- p. 21), that Sallust meant to designate him only
tage of this circumstance to introduce a body of as the proprietor, not the author, of the work in
armed men into the house during the night, who question.
[E. H. B. ]
put to death the unhappy prince, together with HI'ERA ('lépa), the wife of Telephus, who in
many of his followers. (Sall. Jug. 5, 9, 11, 12; the Trojan war commanded the Mysian women on
Diod. Exc. Vales. XXXV. p. 605; Flor. ïï. 2. ) Such horseback. Late traditions described her as ex-
is Sallust's parrative. Livy, on the contrary, ap- ing in beauty llelena herself. She fell by the
pears, so far as we can judge from the words of his hand of Nireus. (Philostr. ller. ii. 18. ) (L. S. ]
Epitomist, to represent the death of Vicmpsul as Hl'ERAS, a Galatian, who was ambasador for
the result of open hostilities. (Liv. Epit. lxii. ) king Deiotarus at Rome, when Cicero defended that
Orosius, who probably followed Livy, says only prince in B. c. 45 (Cic. pro Deiot. 15. § 41, 42).
Hiempsalem occidit (v. 15).
With the devotion of an Oriental, Ilicras offered
2. King of Numidia, and father of Juba, the himself to the torture in proof of his master's inno-
adversary of Caesar. (Caes. B. C. ii. 25; Suet. cence. (Schol. Gronov. ad Deiot. p. 424; Orelli. )
Cacs. 71. ) It appears from an inscription pre Hieras was at Rome in the following year also, B. Ć.
served by Reinesius and Spon, that he was a 44. (Cic. ad Att. 16. 3. )
(W. B. D. )
grandson of Masinissa, and son of Gulussa. (See HI'ERAX ('lépat), the name of two mythical
W'ess. ad Diod. vol. ii. p. 607. ) If this account personages, respecting whom nothing of interest is
be correct, he was already a man of advanced age, related. (Apoll. ii. 1. $ 3; Ant. Lib. 3. ) [L. S. )
when we find him mentioned as affording shelter HIΈRAX (Ιέραξ). 1. A musician of the
to the young Marius and Cethegus, after the tri- Mythic period, before the Trojan war. He is said
umph of the party of Sulla at Rome, B. C. 88. At to have invented the Hieracian measure, vóuos
what time he obtained the sovereignty, or over iepakios, and to have been the friend and disciple
what part of Numidia his rule extended, we have of Olympus the musician. He died young. (Pol-
no information, none of the Roman historians lux, iv. 10; Fabr, Bill. Gr. vol. i. pp. 136 and
having mentioned the arrangements adopted in re 726. )
gard to Numidia after the Jugurthine war. But 2. A writer, from whose work Nepi Olxalooúrns
though Hiempsal received at his court the refugees a quotation is made in the 'Iwvid (Violetum) of Ar-
of the Marian party, as already stated, he was far senius, of Monem basia, first published by Walz,
from determined to espouse their cause, and sought 8vo. Stuttgard, 1832.
to detain them in a kind of honourable captivity, There is a citation from Hierax, perhaps the
while he awaited the issue of events. They, how- same as that contained in the works of Arsenius,
ever, made their escape, and joined the elder among the yumuar subjoined to the edition of Cal-
Marius. (Plut. Mar. 40; Appian, B. C. i. 62. ) In limachus, printed by Frobenius and Episcopius, at
consequence, probably, of his conduct on this occa- Basel, 4to. 1532. (Bandini, Catal. Codd. Med.
sion, he was afterwards expelled from the throne of Laur. vol. i. p. 549. )
Numidia by Cn. Domitias Ahenobarbus, the leader 3. A Christian teacher, charged with heresy by
of the Marian party in Africa, and Hiarbas esta- Epiphanius and Augustin, and classed by Photius
blished in his stead; but when, in B. c. 81, Pompey and Peter of Sicily with the Manichaeans. Tille-
landed in Africa, and overthrew Domitius, he drove mont and Cave agree in placing him at the end of
out Hiarbas in his turn, and reinstated Hiempsal the third or beginning of the fourth century, and
on the throne. (Plut. Pomp. 12; Appian, B. C. their judgment is confirmed by the manner in which
i 80. ) He appears to have remained in undis Epiphanius, writing about A. D. 375, refers to his
puted possession of the kingdom from this period death. Epiphanius writes the name 'Iéparas, John
till his death, the date of which is not mentioned, of Damascus calls him Hierax ('lepas); in Augustin
but it may be inferred from the incidental notice in and the work entitled Praedestinatus it is written
Suetonius (Caes. 71) that he was still alive as late Hieraca. According to Epiphanius and John of
as B. C. 62. Cicero also refers to him in an oration Damascus, he was of Leontus (év Tŷ Aeovt) or
delivered the preceding year (Adv. Rullum, Or. ii. Leontopolis, in Egypt, and was eminent for his
22) in terms that evidently imply that he was then attainments in every kind of knowledge cultivated
stil on the throne. The peculiar privileges there by the Egyptians and the Greeks, especially in
adverted to, as possessed by the lands of Hiempsal medicine: but he was perhaps only slightly, if at
in Africa, were probably conceded to him by Pom- all, acquainted with astronomy and magic. He
pey. Many of the Gaetulian tribes were at the was thoroughly versed in the Old and New Testa-
same time subjected to his authority: (Hirt. B. ments, and wrote expositions of them. The excel-
Afr. 56. ) Sallust also cites (Jug. 17), as an au-
lence of his life, and his power of persuasion,
thority for some of his statements concerning the enabled him to spread his peculiar views very
early history of Africa, certain books written in the widely among the Egyptian ascetics. His absti-
Punic language qui regis Hiempsalis dicebantur. nence was remarkable, but not beyond what his
constitution could bear, for he is said to have lived
• It seems, however, that there is considerable to more than ninety years, and was distinguished
doubt as to the true reading of the inscription in to the day of his death by the undiminished clear-
question : according to the version given by Belley ness of his sight, and by his beautiful writing.
(Mém. de l'Acad. des Inscr. vol. xxxviii
. p. 104. ) His obnoxious opinions were a denial of the resur-
and Eckhel (vol. iv. p. 158), it would make Hjemp rection of the body, and of a heaven perceptible by
sal a son of Gauda, and, consequently, great-grand- the senses; the repudiation of marriage, for he be-
son of Masinissa, which is certainly upon chronolo lieved that none of those who married could inherit
gical grounds more probable.
the kingdom of heaven ; the rejection from tbe
L]
jodi
eath-
ind
uired
st
ther
GG 2
## p. 452 (#468) ############################################
452
HIERIUS.
HIEROCLES.
e
kingdom of heaven of such as die before they have 2.
A son of Plutarch of Athens, and a disciple
become moral agents, inasmuch as they can have of Proclus, the New Platonist. (Comp. Plu-
done nothing to obtain admission, “ quia non sunt TARCHUS of Athens. )
(L. S. )
illis," as Augustin expresses it, “ ulla merita certa- HIEROCLES (ʻleporanis), historical. i. The fa-
minis quo vitia superantur. ” He held that the Son ther of Hieron II. , king of Syracuse. (HIERON II. ]
was truly begotten of the Father, and that the 2. A Carian leader of mercenaries, which formed
Holy Ghost was from the Father ; but added that part of the garrison in the forts of Athens, under
Melchizedek was the Holy Ghost. Hierax became Demetrius Poliorcetes. He discovered to his com-
the founder of a sect called the Hieracitae (ʻlepaki manding officer, Heracleides, some overtures which
Tai), into which, consistently enough, none but. had been made to him by the Athenians to induce
unmarried persons (conjugia non habentes) were him to betray into their hands the fortress of the
admitted. Those who were regarded as his most Museum, and thus caused the complete destruction
thorough disciples abstained from animal food. of the Athenian force that attempted to surprise it.
The author of the work Kata Taoûv TW aipéoewy, (Polyaen. v. 17, $ 1. ) He is probably the same
Contra omnes Hacreses, usually printed among the whom we find at a subsequent period as early as
works of Athanasius, says (c. 9) that they rejected B. c. 278), holding the command of the Peiraeeus
the Old Testanient; but this must be understood and Munychia for Antigonus Gonatas. His rela-
to mean that they rejected it as a perfect rule of tions with the philosopher Arcesilaus appear to
life, deeming it abrogated by the higher moral indicate that he was a man of cultivated mind.
standard of Christianity. John of Damascus says (Diog. Laërt. ï. 127, iv. 39; Droysen, Hellenism.
they used the Old as well ns the New Testament. vol. ii. pp. 84, 206. )
John of Carpathus charges them with denying the 3. A native of Agrigentum, who, after the de-
human nature of Christ, and with holding that feat of Antiochus III. at Thermopylae (B. c. 191),
God, matter, and evil, are three original principles. surrendered the island of Zacynthus, with the
But Epiphanius does not enumerate these among command of which he had been entrusted by
their errors.
Amynander, to the Achaeans. (Liv. xxxvi. 32. )
The works of Hierax were numerous ; he wrote 4. A Carian slave, afterwards a charioteer, in
both in the Greek and Egyptian (i. e. Coptic) lan- which capacity he attracted the attention of the
guages: besides his Expositions of the Scriptures, or emperor Elagabalus : he qnickly rose to a high place
more probably as a part of them, he wrote on the in the favour of that prince, and became one of
Heraëmeron, introducing, says Epiphanius, many the chief ministers of his infamous debaucheries,
fables and allegories. He wrote also many psalms by which means he obtained so firm a hold over
Or sacred songs, ψαλμούς τε πολλούς νεωτερικούς. him, that he continued to the last to be the chief
His works are now known only by the few brief dispenser of the favours and patronage of the em-
citations of Epiphanius.
peror. He was put to death by the soldiery in
Lardner has shown the impropriety of classing a sedition, shortly before the death of Elagabalus
Hierax and his followers with the Manichaeans, himself, A. D. 222. (Dion Cass. lxxix. 15, 19;
from whom the earlier writers expressly distinguish Lamprid. Elagab. 6, 15. )
[E. H. B. )
them; but with whom Photius and Peter of Sicily, HIEROCLES ('lepokañs), literary. 1. A Greek
and, among moderns, Fabricius and Beausobre con- rhetorician of Alabanda in Caria, who, like his
found them. Some have attempted, but without brother Menecles, was distinguished by that kind of
just ground, to distinguish between Hierax, the oratory which was designated by the name of the
reputed Manichaean, and Hieracas, founder of the Asiatic, in contrast with Attic oratory. His brother
Hieracites. (Epiphan. Panarium Haeres. 67 ; was the teacher of the famous Molo of Rhodes,
Augustin, De Haeres. c. 47; Anonymi Praedes- the teacher of Cicero, so that Hierocles must have
tinatus, lib. i. c. 4, apud Galland. Bibl. Patr, vol. lived about B. C. 100. We do not hear that be
X. p. 370; Athanas. Opera, vol. ii. p. 235, ed. wrote any rhetorical works, but his orations appear
Benedictin ; Joan. Damasc. De Haeres. c. 67; to have been extant in the time of Cicero. (Brut.
Opera, vol. i. p. 91, ed. Lequien ; Cave, Hist. Litt. 95, Orat. 69, de Orat. ii. 23; Strab. xiv. p. 661. )
vol. i. p. 161, ed. Oxford, 1740—1743 ; Beausobre, 2. The author of a work entitled pilotopes,
Hist. du Manichéisme, liv. ii. ch. 7. § 2, vol. i. p. or the friends of history, which is referred to
430, &c. ; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. vii. p. 321, vol. ix. p. several times, and seems to have chiefly contained
246 ; Lardner, Credibility, part ii. bk. i. c. 63. S marvellous stories about men and animals. (Steph.
7; Tillemont, Mém. vol. iv. p. 411, &c. ) [J. C. M. } Byz. s. vv. Bpaxuâves, Tapkuvia ; Tzetz. Chil. vii.
HIERA'MENES ('Iepauévns), is named with 146, 716, &c. ) The time at which he lived is
Tissaphernes and the sons of Pharaces, as contract- uncertain, though he belongs, in all probability, to
ing parties to the third treaty between Sparta and a later date than Hierocles of Alabanda.
Persia, and must therefore have been at that time 3. Of Hyllarima in Carin, is mentioned by
(B. C. 412) an important person in Asia Minor. Stephanus Byzantius (s. v. 'Tanápua), and from
(Thuc. viii
. 58. ) He is probably the same who is an athlete turned philosopher. Whether he is the
said to have married a sister of Dareius, and whose same as the Stoic who is spoken of by Gellius (ix.
sons, Autoboesaces and Mitracus, were killed by 5), cannot be decided. Vossius (de Hist. Graec.
Cyrus the Younger, for having failed to show to p. 453, &c. , ed. Westermann) conjectures that he is
him a mark of respect usually paid to the king the same as Hierocles the author of a work entitled
only. The complaint of the parents to Dareius Oeconomicus, from which some extracts are preserved
was in part the reason of the recall of Cyrus, in Stobaeus (Flor. Ixxxiv. 20, 23, lxxxv, 21, lxxix.
B. C. 406. (Xen. Hell. ii. 1. $ 9. ) [A. H. C. ] 53, xxxix. 34-36, lxvii. 21-24), and that he also
HIEʻRIUS (-lépios). 1. A rhetorician of was the author of a work on justice (Stob. viii.
Athens, who is mentioned by St. Augustin (Con- | 19), though the name is there perhaps a mistake for
fess. iv. 14), and Suidas (s. v. Tau périos), but is Hierar. (Comp. v.
