Du Cange has written excellent notes upon it,
assuming
the appearance of a cat.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
But the whence he was never able to foresee the course of
arrangements which Antony made for the funeral things, and was ever surprised at the results. Hence
of Caesar, and in consequence of which the people also his want of independent judgment. The quan,
made an assault upon the houses of the conspira- rity of his varied knowledge, which he had acquired
tors, shewed them clearly the intentions of Antony. by extensive reading and his intercourse with philo-
Brutus withdrew into the country, and during his sophers, was beyond his control, and was rather an
stay there he gave, in the month of July, most encumberance to him than anything else. Nothing
splendid Ludi Apollinares, hoping thereby to turn had such charms for him as study, which he prose-
the disposition of the people in his favour. But cuted by day and night, at home and abroad. He
in this he was disappointed, and as Antony as- made abridgements of the historical works of C. Fan-
sumed a threatening position, he sailed in Sep nius and Caelius Antipater, and on the eve of the bat-
tember to Athens with the intention of taking tle of Pharsalus he is said to have been engaged in
possession of the province of Macedonia, which making an abridgement of Polybius. He also wrote
Caesar had assigned him, and of repelling force by several philosophical treatises, among which we have
force. After staying at Athens a short time in mention of those On Duties, On Patience, and On
the company of philosophers and several young Virtue. The best of his literary productions, how-
Romans who attached themselves to his cause, and ever, appear to have been his orations, though
after receiving a very large sum of money from the they are censured as having been too dry and
quaestor M. Appuleius, who brought it from serious, and deficient in animation. Nothing would
Asia Brutus intended to proceed to Macedonia. enable us so much to form a clear notion of his
But the senate had now assigned this province to character as his letters, but we unfortunately pos-
Antony, who, however, towards the end of the sess only a few (among those of Cicero), the
year, transferred it to his brother, the praetor C. authenticity of which is acknowledged, and a few
Antonius. Before, however, the latter arrived, passages of others quoted by Plutarch. (Brut. 2,
Brutus, who had been joined by the scattered 22, Cic. 45. ) Even in the time of Plutarch (Brut.
troops of Pompey, marched into Macedonia, where 53) there seem to bave existed forged letters of
he was received by Q. Hortensius, the son of the Brutus; and the two books of “ Epistolae ad Bru-
orator, as his legitimate successor. Brutus found tum,” usually printed among the works of Cicero,
an abundance of arms, and the troops stationed in are unquestionably the fabrications of a later time.
Illyricum, as well as several other legions, joined The name of Brutus, his fatal deed, his fortunes
him. C. Antonius, who also arrived in the mean- and personal character, offered great temptations
time, was unable to advance beyond the coast of for the forgery of such documents; but these let-
Illyricum, and at the beginning of 43 was besieged ters contain gross blunders in history and chrono-
in Apollonia and compelled to surrender. Brutus logy, to which attention was first drawn by Erasmus
disregarded all the decrees of the senate, and re- of Rotterdam. (Epist. i. 1. ) Brutus is also said to
solved to act for himself. While Octavianus in have attempted to write poetry, which does not
the month of August 43 obtained the condemnation seem to have possessed much merit. (Cicero, in
of Caesar's murderers, Brutus was engaged in a the passages collected in Orelli's Onomast. Tuli. ii.
war against some Thracian tribes to procure money pp. 319–324 ; Plut. Life of Brutus; Appian, B. C.
for himself and booty for his soldiers. About this ii. 11-iv. 132 ; Dion Cass. lib. xli. - xlviii. Re
time he assumed the title imperator, which, to specting his oratory and the extant fragments of
gether with his portrait, appear on many of his it, see Meyer, Orat. Rom. Fragm. p. 443, &c. , 2nd
coins. The things which were going on mean- edit. ; comp. Weichert, Poet. Lat. Relig. p. 125;
time in Italy seemed to affect neither Brutus nor Drumann, Gesch. Roms, iv. pp. 18—44. )
Cassius, but after the triumvirate was establish- BRYAXIS (Bpúašis), an Athenian statuary in
ed, Brutus began to prepare for war. Instead, stone and metal, cast a bronze statue of Seleucus,
however, of endeavouring to prevent the enemy king of Syria (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. 6. 19), and,
from landing on the coast of the Ionian sea, Brutus together with Scopas, Timotheus, and Leochares,
and Cassius separated their forces and ravaged adorned the Mausoleum with bas-reliefs. (Plin.
Rhodes and Lycia. Loaded with booty, Brutus H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ) He must have lived accord-
and Cassius met again at Sardis in the beginning ingly B. C. 372–312. (Sillig. Catal. Art. s. v. )
of 42, but it was only the fear of the triumvirs Besides the two works above mentioned, Bryaxis
that prevented them from falling out with each executed five colossal statues at Rhodes (Plin.
other. Their carelessness was indeed so great, H. N. xxxiv. 7. 6. 18), an Asclepios (H. N. xxxiv.
that only a small fleet was sent to the Ionian sea 8. . 19), a Liber, father of Cnidus (H. N. xxxvi.
under the command of Statius Murcus. Before 5), and a statue of Pasiphae. (Tatian. ad Graec.
Jeaving Asia, Brutus had a dream which foreboded 54. ) If we believe Clemens Alexandrinus (Protr.
his ruin at Philippi, and in the autumn of 42 the p. 30, c. ), Bryaxis attained so high a degree of per-
battle of Philippi was fought. In the first engage- fection, that two statues of his were ascribed by
ment Brutus conquered the army of Octavianus, some to Phidias.
(W. I. )
2 L
## p. 514 (#534) ############################################
514
BRYENNIUS.
BRYENNIUS.
successor;
BRYE’NNIUS, JOSE'PIUS ('Iwona Bpuév- | mer sent an army commanded by Alexis Comnenne.
vios), a Greek priest and eloquent preacher, died who afterwards became emperor. Bryennius Wils
between A. D. 1431 and 1438. He is the author defeated and made prisoner by Alexis near Cala-
of a great number of treatises on religious subjects, brya in Thrace: he was treated by the victor with
as well as of several letters to distinguished persons kindness; but Basil, the emperor's minister, order-
of his time respecting theological and ecclesiastical ed his eyes to be put out. His son, or nephew,
matters. His works were first published under the the subject of this article, escaped the fate of his
title " 'Iwono uova xoû Toù Bpuevviou td evpedevta relative; and no sooner had Alexis Comnenus as-
δι' επιμελείας Ευγενίου, Διακόνου της Βουλγαρείας, | cended the throne (1081), than the name of Bry-
non tò mpÔTOV TÚTOIS EKSóderta," three volumes, ennius became conspicuous as the emperor's most
8vo. Leipzig, 1768--1784. This edition contains faithful friend.
only the Greek text. Eugenius, diaconus in Bul- Bryennius was not only distinguished by bodily
garia, was in possession of a fine manuscript of the beauty and military talents
, but also by his learni-
works of Bryennius, and he is the author of a life ing, the affability of his manners, and the wisdom
of Bryennius contained in the preface to the Leip he shewed in the privy council of the emperor.
zig edition. The works of Bryennius were known During the first differences with the crusaders, he
and published in extracts long before the complete was one of the chief supports of the throne ; and,
edition of them appeared. Leo Allatius refers to, in order to reward him for his eminent services,
and gives extracts from, several of his treatises, Alexis created for him the dignity of panhyperse-
such as
“ Orationes II de Futuro Judicio et Sem- bastos a title until then unknown in the code of
piterna Beatitudine," in which the author main- Byzantine ceremonies, and which gave the bearer
tained peculiar views respecting purgatory ; “Ora- the rank of Caesar. But Bryennius is also called
tio de Sancta Trinitate ;" “ Oratio de Transfigura- Caesar, and we must therefore suppose that this
tione Domini;" “ Oratio de Domini Crucifixione;" title was formally conferred upon him. The greatest
&c. The style of Bryennius is remarkably pure mark of confidence, however, which Alexis bestow-
for his time. (Leo Allat. De Libris et Rebus Eccles. ed upon him was the hand of his daughter, Anna
Graec. pars i. pp. 136,141, 143, 237, &c. , 311, 339- Comnena, with whom Bryennius lived in happiness
343, De Consensu Utriusque Ecclesiae, pp. 529, 837, during forty years. Bryennius distinguished him-
863, &c. ; Cave, Hist. Liter. Appendix, p. 121; Fa- self in the war between Alexis and Bohemond,
bric. Bibl. Graec. xi. p. 659, &c. ) (W. P. ) prince of Antioch, and negotiated the peace of 1108
BRYE'NNIUS, MA'NUEL (Mavouria Bpvév- to the entire satisfaction of his sovereign.
vios), a Greek writer on music, is probably identi- Anna Comnena and the empress Irene tried to
cal with one Manuel Bryennius, the contemporary persuade the emperor to name Bryennius his
of the emperor Andronicus I. , who reigned from
but Alexis would not deprive his son
1282 till 1328. Bryennius wrote 'Apuoviná, or a John of his natural rights. After the death of
commentary on the theory of music, which is di- Alexis in 1118, and the accession of John, Anna
vided into three books, in the first of which he and Bryennius conspired against the young em-
frequently dwells upon the theory of Euclid, while peror, but the conspiracy failed. [Anna Comnena. )
in the second and third books he has chiefly in | The cause of its failure was the refusal of Bryen-
view that of Ptolemy the musician. The learned nius to act in the decisive moment, for which he
Meibomius intended to publish this work, and to was severely blamed by his haughty wife. They
add it to his “ Antiquae Musicae Autores Septem," were punished with confiscation of their estates
Amsterdam, 1652; but he was prerented from ac- and banishment to Oenoe, now Unieh, on the Black
complishing his purpose. The “ Harmonica” hav- Sea, where they led a retired life during several
ing attracted the attention of John Wallis, who years. Bryennius afterwards recovered the favour
perused the Oxford MSS. , he published it in 1680 of the emperor. In 1137 he went to Cilicia and
together with the “Harmonica” of Ptolemy and Syria with the intention of relieving the siege of
some other ancient musicians ; he also added a Latin Antioch by the crusaders; but ill health compelled
translation. The “Harmonica" of both Bryen- him to return to Constantinople, where he died
nius and Ptolemy are contained in the third volume soon afterwards.
of Wallis's works, Oxford, 1699. (Fabric. Bill. Bryennius is the author of a work entitled "Tan
Graec. iii. pp. 648, 649; Labbe, Biblioth. Nov. iotopias, which is a history of the reign of the em-
MSS. p. 118. )
[W. P. ] perors Isaac I. Comnenus, Constantine XI. Ducas,
BRYE'NNIUS, NICE'PHORUS (Nonpópos Romanus III. Diogenes, and Michael VII. Ducas
Bpuévvios), the accomplished husband of Anna Parapinaces; his intention was to write also the
Comnena, was born at Orestias in Macedonia in history of the following emperors, but death pre-
the middle of the eleventh century of the Christian vented him from carrying his design into execution.
He was the son, or more probably the ne- This work, which is divided into four books, is one
pbew, of another Nicephorus Bryennius, who is re of the most valuable of the Byzantine histories, and
nowned in Byzantine history as one of the first is distinguished by the clearness of the narrative.
generals of his time, and who, having revolted Its principal value arises from its author being not
against the emperor Michael VII. Ducas Parapi- only a witness but also one of the chief laders in
naces, assumed the imperial title at Dyrrhachium the events which he relates, and from his being
in 1071. Popular opinion was in favour of the accustomed to, and having the power of forming a
usurper, but he had to contend with a third rival, judgment upon, important affairs. The editio prin-
Nicephorus Botaniates, who was supported by the ceps forms part of the Paris collection of the Byzan-
aristocracy and clergy, and who succeeded in de tines, and was published by Pierre Poussines at the
posing Michael and in becoming recognized as em- end of Procopius, Paris, 1661, fol. , with notes and
peror under the name of Nicephorus III. The a Latin translation. The editor, who dedicated the
contest then lay between Nicephorus Botaniates work to Christina, queen of Sweden, perused two
and Nicephorus Bryennius, against whom the for- MSS. , one of Cujas, and the other of Favre de St.
9
aera.
## p. 515 (#535) ############################################
BUBASTIS.
515
BUBULCUS.
Joire.
Du Cange has written excellent notes upon it, assuming the appearance of a cat. (Ov. Mct. v.
which form an appendix to his edition of Cinnamus, 329 ; Anton. Lib. 28. ) But it seems more
Paris, 1670, fol. Cousin (le président) translated natural to suppose here, as in other instances of
it into French in his usual extravagant and inac- Egyptian religion, that the worship of Bubastis
curate way, which induced Gibbon to say, “ did he was originally the worship of the cat itself, which
ever think? " A new and careful edition has been was subsequently refined into a mere symbol of
published by_Meineke, together with Cinnamus the goddess. The fact that the ancients identify
("Nicephori Bryennji Commentarii," Bonn, 1836, Bubastis with Artemis or Diana is to us a point of
8vo. ), which forms part of the Bonn collection of the great difficulty, since the information which we
Byzantines. It contains the notes of Pierre Pous possess respecting the Egyptian goddess presents
sines and Du Cange, and the Latin translation of little or no resemblance between the two divinities.
the former revised by the editor. (Anna Comnena, 'The only point that might seem to account for the
Alcrias; Cinnamus, i. 1-10; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. identification, is, that Bubastis, like Artemis, was
vii. p. 674; Hankius, de Byzant. Ner. Script. Graec. , regarded as the goddess of the moon.
The cat
pp. 492—507. )
[W. P. ] also was believed by the ancients to stand in sonie
BRYSON (Bpiowv), mentioned by lamblichus relation to the moon, for Plutarch (De /s. et Os.
(Vit. Pyth, c. 23) as one of those youths whom 63) says, that the cat was the symbol of the moon
Pythagoras instructed in his old age. He was on account of her different colours, her busy
perhaps the same writer that is mentioned in the ways at night, and her giving birth to 28 young
extract from Theopompus found in Athenaeus (xi. ones during the course of her life, which is exactly
p. 508), where Plato is charged with having bor- the number of the phases of the moon. (Comp.
rowed from Bryson, the Heracleot, and others, a Phot. Bibl. p. 343, a. , ed. Bekker ; Deineter. Phal.
great deal that he introduced into his dialogues as Iepi 'Epunu. $ 159, ed. Oxford. ) It might, there-
his own. A saying of Bryson's is refuted by Aris- fore, seem that Bubastis, being the daughter of
totle in his Rhet. iii. 2, 13.
(A. G. ) Osiris (the sun) and Isis (the moon), was con-
BU'BARES (Bovbápns), the son of Megabazus, sidered as the symbol of the new moon. But the
a Persian, was sent into Macedonia to make in- interpretation given by Plutarch cannot be regard.
quiries after the missing Persian envoys, whom ed as decisire, for in another passage (De Is. el
Alexander, the son of Amyntas I. , had caused to Os. 74) he gives a different account of the sym-
be murdered at his father's court, about B. c. 507. bolical meaning of the cat. Another point in
Alexander induced Bubares to pass the matter which some think that Bubastis and Artemis
over in silence, by giving him great presents and coincide, is the identity of the two with Eileithyia.
also his sister Gygaea in marriage. By this Gy. But although Artemis and Eileithyia may have
gaea Bubares had a son, who was called Amyntas been the same, it does not follow that Bubastis
after bis grandfather. (Herod. v. 21, viii. 136. ) and Eileithyia were likewise identical, and origi-
In conjunction with Artachaees, Bubares super- | nally thev must have been different, as the mode
intended the construction of the canal which Xerxes , of worsbip of the latter was incompatible with the
made across the isthmus of Athos. (Herod. vii. 22. ) religion of the Egyptians. (Manetho, ap. Plui. De
BUBASTIS (Boubaotis), an Egyptian divinity Is. et Os. 73 ; Herod. ii. 45 ; Macrob. i. 7. ) We
whom the Greeks used to identify with their own must, therefore, be contented with knowing the
Artemis, and whose genealogy they explain ac- simple fact, that the Greeks identified the Egyp-
cordingly. (Herod. ii. 137, 156 ; Steph. Byz, s. v. tian Bubastis with their own Artemis, and that in
Boubaotos. ) She was a daughter of Osiris and later times, when the attributes of different divini-
Isis, and sister of Horus (Apollo). Her mother, ties were exchanged in various ways, the features
Isis, entrusted Bubastis and Horus to Buto, to peculiar to Eileithyia were transferred to Bubastis
protect them from Typhon. In the town of Buto (Anthol. Graec. xi. 81) and Isis. (Ov. Amor. ii.
there was a temple of Bubastis and Horus, but the ì3. ) Josephus (Ant. Jud. xiii. 3. § 2) mentions
principal seat of the worship of Bubastis was in Bubastis with the surname dypia, or the rustic, who
the town of Bubastus or Bubastis. Here her had a temple near Leontopolis in the nomos of
sanctuary was surrounded by two canals of the Heliopolis, which bad fallen into decay as early as
Nile, and it was distinguished for its beautiful the reign of Ptolemy Philometor. (Comp. Jablon-
situation as well as for the style of the building. I sky Panth. Aeg. ii
. 3 ; Pignorius, Exposit. Tab.
(Herod. ii. 137, 138. ) An annual festival was | Isiacae, p. 66, ed. Amstelod. ) [L. S. ]
celebrated to the goddess here, which was attend- BUBO'NA. The Romans had two divinities
ed by immense crowds of people (Herodotus, ii. whom they believed to be the protectors of stables,
60, estimates their number at 700,000), and was viz. Bubona and Epona, the former being the pro-
spent in great merriment. But the particulars, as tectress of oxen and cows, and the latter of horses.
well as the object of the solemnity, are not known, Small figures of these divinities were placed in
though the worship of Bubastis continued to a very niches made in the wall (aediculae), or in the pillar
late time. (Ov. Met. ix. 687 ; Gratius, De Venat. supporting the roof; sometimes, also, they were
42. ) The animal sacred to Bubastis was the cat; only painted over the manger. (Augustin. De Cic.
and according to Stephanus of Byzantium, the Dei
, is. 34 ; Tertull
. Apolog. 16 ; Minuc. Fel. Oct.
name Bubastis itself signified a cat. When cats 28 ; Apul. Met. p. 60 ; Juven. viii
. 157. ) [L. S. ]
died they were carefully embalmed and conveyed BUBULCUS, the name of a family of the Junia
to Bubastis. (Herod. ii. 67. ) The goddess herself gens. (Plin. H. N. xviii. 37; comp. Plut. Poplic.
was represented in the form of a cat, or of a female 11. ) There are only two persons of this family
with the head of a cat, and some specimens of such mentioned, both of whom bear the name of Brutus
representations, though not many, are still extant. also ; of these, one is called in the Fasti Capitolini
This is explained in the legend of Bubastis by the Bubulcus Brutus, and the other Brutus Bubulcus :
story, that when the gods fled from Typhon, Bu- they may therefore have belonged to the Bruti,
bastis (Arten. is, Diana) concealed herself by and not to a distinct family of the Junia gens.
2 12
## p. 516 (#536) ############################################
516
BUBULCUS.
BULARCHUS.
success.
Ono. .
TERVETTE
4 ວຈ 2
a
1. C. JUNIUS C. F. C. N. BUBULCUS BRUTUS, I had on his approach to Rome from Nola, in B. Co
was consul B. c. 317 and again in 313, in the lat. | 83. (Plut. Sull. 9. ) On the obverse is the head
ter of which years Saticula was founded. (Liv. ix. of Venus, with L. BVCA ; on the reverse a man
20, 21, 28 ; Diod. xix. 17, 77; Festus, s. v. Suti- sleeping, to whom Diana appears with Victory.
culu. ) He was magister equitum in 312 to the (Eckhel, v. p. 121.
arrangements which Antony made for the funeral things, and was ever surprised at the results. Hence
of Caesar, and in consequence of which the people also his want of independent judgment. The quan,
made an assault upon the houses of the conspira- rity of his varied knowledge, which he had acquired
tors, shewed them clearly the intentions of Antony. by extensive reading and his intercourse with philo-
Brutus withdrew into the country, and during his sophers, was beyond his control, and was rather an
stay there he gave, in the month of July, most encumberance to him than anything else. Nothing
splendid Ludi Apollinares, hoping thereby to turn had such charms for him as study, which he prose-
the disposition of the people in his favour. But cuted by day and night, at home and abroad. He
in this he was disappointed, and as Antony as- made abridgements of the historical works of C. Fan-
sumed a threatening position, he sailed in Sep nius and Caelius Antipater, and on the eve of the bat-
tember to Athens with the intention of taking tle of Pharsalus he is said to have been engaged in
possession of the province of Macedonia, which making an abridgement of Polybius. He also wrote
Caesar had assigned him, and of repelling force by several philosophical treatises, among which we have
force. After staying at Athens a short time in mention of those On Duties, On Patience, and On
the company of philosophers and several young Virtue. The best of his literary productions, how-
Romans who attached themselves to his cause, and ever, appear to have been his orations, though
after receiving a very large sum of money from the they are censured as having been too dry and
quaestor M. Appuleius, who brought it from serious, and deficient in animation. Nothing would
Asia Brutus intended to proceed to Macedonia. enable us so much to form a clear notion of his
But the senate had now assigned this province to character as his letters, but we unfortunately pos-
Antony, who, however, towards the end of the sess only a few (among those of Cicero), the
year, transferred it to his brother, the praetor C. authenticity of which is acknowledged, and a few
Antonius. Before, however, the latter arrived, passages of others quoted by Plutarch. (Brut. 2,
Brutus, who had been joined by the scattered 22, Cic. 45. ) Even in the time of Plutarch (Brut.
troops of Pompey, marched into Macedonia, where 53) there seem to bave existed forged letters of
he was received by Q. Hortensius, the son of the Brutus; and the two books of “ Epistolae ad Bru-
orator, as his legitimate successor. Brutus found tum,” usually printed among the works of Cicero,
an abundance of arms, and the troops stationed in are unquestionably the fabrications of a later time.
Illyricum, as well as several other legions, joined The name of Brutus, his fatal deed, his fortunes
him. C. Antonius, who also arrived in the mean- and personal character, offered great temptations
time, was unable to advance beyond the coast of for the forgery of such documents; but these let-
Illyricum, and at the beginning of 43 was besieged ters contain gross blunders in history and chrono-
in Apollonia and compelled to surrender. Brutus logy, to which attention was first drawn by Erasmus
disregarded all the decrees of the senate, and re- of Rotterdam. (Epist. i. 1. ) Brutus is also said to
solved to act for himself. While Octavianus in have attempted to write poetry, which does not
the month of August 43 obtained the condemnation seem to have possessed much merit. (Cicero, in
of Caesar's murderers, Brutus was engaged in a the passages collected in Orelli's Onomast. Tuli. ii.
war against some Thracian tribes to procure money pp. 319–324 ; Plut. Life of Brutus; Appian, B. C.
for himself and booty for his soldiers. About this ii. 11-iv. 132 ; Dion Cass. lib. xli. - xlviii. Re
time he assumed the title imperator, which, to specting his oratory and the extant fragments of
gether with his portrait, appear on many of his it, see Meyer, Orat. Rom. Fragm. p. 443, &c. , 2nd
coins. The things which were going on mean- edit. ; comp. Weichert, Poet. Lat. Relig. p. 125;
time in Italy seemed to affect neither Brutus nor Drumann, Gesch. Roms, iv. pp. 18—44. )
Cassius, but after the triumvirate was establish- BRYAXIS (Bpúašis), an Athenian statuary in
ed, Brutus began to prepare for war. Instead, stone and metal, cast a bronze statue of Seleucus,
however, of endeavouring to prevent the enemy king of Syria (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. 6. 19), and,
from landing on the coast of the Ionian sea, Brutus together with Scopas, Timotheus, and Leochares,
and Cassius separated their forces and ravaged adorned the Mausoleum with bas-reliefs. (Plin.
Rhodes and Lycia. Loaded with booty, Brutus H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ) He must have lived accord-
and Cassius met again at Sardis in the beginning ingly B. C. 372–312. (Sillig. Catal. Art. s. v. )
of 42, but it was only the fear of the triumvirs Besides the two works above mentioned, Bryaxis
that prevented them from falling out with each executed five colossal statues at Rhodes (Plin.
other. Their carelessness was indeed so great, H. N. xxxiv. 7. 6. 18), an Asclepios (H. N. xxxiv.
that only a small fleet was sent to the Ionian sea 8. . 19), a Liber, father of Cnidus (H. N. xxxvi.
under the command of Statius Murcus. Before 5), and a statue of Pasiphae. (Tatian. ad Graec.
Jeaving Asia, Brutus had a dream which foreboded 54. ) If we believe Clemens Alexandrinus (Protr.
his ruin at Philippi, and in the autumn of 42 the p. 30, c. ), Bryaxis attained so high a degree of per-
battle of Philippi was fought. In the first engage- fection, that two statues of his were ascribed by
ment Brutus conquered the army of Octavianus, some to Phidias.
(W. I. )
2 L
## p. 514 (#534) ############################################
514
BRYENNIUS.
BRYENNIUS.
successor;
BRYE’NNIUS, JOSE'PIUS ('Iwona Bpuév- | mer sent an army commanded by Alexis Comnenne.
vios), a Greek priest and eloquent preacher, died who afterwards became emperor. Bryennius Wils
between A. D. 1431 and 1438. He is the author defeated and made prisoner by Alexis near Cala-
of a great number of treatises on religious subjects, brya in Thrace: he was treated by the victor with
as well as of several letters to distinguished persons kindness; but Basil, the emperor's minister, order-
of his time respecting theological and ecclesiastical ed his eyes to be put out. His son, or nephew,
matters. His works were first published under the the subject of this article, escaped the fate of his
title " 'Iwono uova xoû Toù Bpuevviou td evpedevta relative; and no sooner had Alexis Comnenus as-
δι' επιμελείας Ευγενίου, Διακόνου της Βουλγαρείας, | cended the throne (1081), than the name of Bry-
non tò mpÔTOV TÚTOIS EKSóderta," three volumes, ennius became conspicuous as the emperor's most
8vo. Leipzig, 1768--1784. This edition contains faithful friend.
only the Greek text. Eugenius, diaconus in Bul- Bryennius was not only distinguished by bodily
garia, was in possession of a fine manuscript of the beauty and military talents
, but also by his learni-
works of Bryennius, and he is the author of a life ing, the affability of his manners, and the wisdom
of Bryennius contained in the preface to the Leip he shewed in the privy council of the emperor.
zig edition. The works of Bryennius were known During the first differences with the crusaders, he
and published in extracts long before the complete was one of the chief supports of the throne ; and,
edition of them appeared. Leo Allatius refers to, in order to reward him for his eminent services,
and gives extracts from, several of his treatises, Alexis created for him the dignity of panhyperse-
such as
“ Orationes II de Futuro Judicio et Sem- bastos a title until then unknown in the code of
piterna Beatitudine," in which the author main- Byzantine ceremonies, and which gave the bearer
tained peculiar views respecting purgatory ; “Ora- the rank of Caesar. But Bryennius is also called
tio de Sancta Trinitate ;" “ Oratio de Transfigura- Caesar, and we must therefore suppose that this
tione Domini;" “ Oratio de Domini Crucifixione;" title was formally conferred upon him. The greatest
&c. The style of Bryennius is remarkably pure mark of confidence, however, which Alexis bestow-
for his time. (Leo Allat. De Libris et Rebus Eccles. ed upon him was the hand of his daughter, Anna
Graec. pars i. pp. 136,141, 143, 237, &c. , 311, 339- Comnena, with whom Bryennius lived in happiness
343, De Consensu Utriusque Ecclesiae, pp. 529, 837, during forty years. Bryennius distinguished him-
863, &c. ; Cave, Hist. Liter. Appendix, p. 121; Fa- self in the war between Alexis and Bohemond,
bric. Bibl. Graec. xi. p. 659, &c. ) (W. P. ) prince of Antioch, and negotiated the peace of 1108
BRYE'NNIUS, MA'NUEL (Mavouria Bpvév- to the entire satisfaction of his sovereign.
vios), a Greek writer on music, is probably identi- Anna Comnena and the empress Irene tried to
cal with one Manuel Bryennius, the contemporary persuade the emperor to name Bryennius his
of the emperor Andronicus I. , who reigned from
but Alexis would not deprive his son
1282 till 1328. Bryennius wrote 'Apuoviná, or a John of his natural rights. After the death of
commentary on the theory of music, which is di- Alexis in 1118, and the accession of John, Anna
vided into three books, in the first of which he and Bryennius conspired against the young em-
frequently dwells upon the theory of Euclid, while peror, but the conspiracy failed. [Anna Comnena. )
in the second and third books he has chiefly in | The cause of its failure was the refusal of Bryen-
view that of Ptolemy the musician. The learned nius to act in the decisive moment, for which he
Meibomius intended to publish this work, and to was severely blamed by his haughty wife. They
add it to his “ Antiquae Musicae Autores Septem," were punished with confiscation of their estates
Amsterdam, 1652; but he was prerented from ac- and banishment to Oenoe, now Unieh, on the Black
complishing his purpose. The “ Harmonica” hav- Sea, where they led a retired life during several
ing attracted the attention of John Wallis, who years. Bryennius afterwards recovered the favour
perused the Oxford MSS. , he published it in 1680 of the emperor. In 1137 he went to Cilicia and
together with the “Harmonica” of Ptolemy and Syria with the intention of relieving the siege of
some other ancient musicians ; he also added a Latin Antioch by the crusaders; but ill health compelled
translation. The “Harmonica" of both Bryen- him to return to Constantinople, where he died
nius and Ptolemy are contained in the third volume soon afterwards.
of Wallis's works, Oxford, 1699. (Fabric. Bill. Bryennius is the author of a work entitled "Tan
Graec. iii. pp. 648, 649; Labbe, Biblioth. Nov. iotopias, which is a history of the reign of the em-
MSS. p. 118. )
[W. P. ] perors Isaac I. Comnenus, Constantine XI. Ducas,
BRYE'NNIUS, NICE'PHORUS (Nonpópos Romanus III. Diogenes, and Michael VII. Ducas
Bpuévvios), the accomplished husband of Anna Parapinaces; his intention was to write also the
Comnena, was born at Orestias in Macedonia in history of the following emperors, but death pre-
the middle of the eleventh century of the Christian vented him from carrying his design into execution.
He was the son, or more probably the ne- This work, which is divided into four books, is one
pbew, of another Nicephorus Bryennius, who is re of the most valuable of the Byzantine histories, and
nowned in Byzantine history as one of the first is distinguished by the clearness of the narrative.
generals of his time, and who, having revolted Its principal value arises from its author being not
against the emperor Michael VII. Ducas Parapi- only a witness but also one of the chief laders in
naces, assumed the imperial title at Dyrrhachium the events which he relates, and from his being
in 1071. Popular opinion was in favour of the accustomed to, and having the power of forming a
usurper, but he had to contend with a third rival, judgment upon, important affairs. The editio prin-
Nicephorus Botaniates, who was supported by the ceps forms part of the Paris collection of the Byzan-
aristocracy and clergy, and who succeeded in de tines, and was published by Pierre Poussines at the
posing Michael and in becoming recognized as em- end of Procopius, Paris, 1661, fol. , with notes and
peror under the name of Nicephorus III. The a Latin translation. The editor, who dedicated the
contest then lay between Nicephorus Botaniates work to Christina, queen of Sweden, perused two
and Nicephorus Bryennius, against whom the for- MSS. , one of Cujas, and the other of Favre de St.
9
aera.
## p. 515 (#535) ############################################
BUBASTIS.
515
BUBULCUS.
Joire.
Du Cange has written excellent notes upon it, assuming the appearance of a cat. (Ov. Mct. v.
which form an appendix to his edition of Cinnamus, 329 ; Anton. Lib. 28. ) But it seems more
Paris, 1670, fol. Cousin (le président) translated natural to suppose here, as in other instances of
it into French in his usual extravagant and inac- Egyptian religion, that the worship of Bubastis
curate way, which induced Gibbon to say, “ did he was originally the worship of the cat itself, which
ever think? " A new and careful edition has been was subsequently refined into a mere symbol of
published by_Meineke, together with Cinnamus the goddess. The fact that the ancients identify
("Nicephori Bryennji Commentarii," Bonn, 1836, Bubastis with Artemis or Diana is to us a point of
8vo. ), which forms part of the Bonn collection of the great difficulty, since the information which we
Byzantines. It contains the notes of Pierre Pous possess respecting the Egyptian goddess presents
sines and Du Cange, and the Latin translation of little or no resemblance between the two divinities.
the former revised by the editor. (Anna Comnena, 'The only point that might seem to account for the
Alcrias; Cinnamus, i. 1-10; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. identification, is, that Bubastis, like Artemis, was
vii. p. 674; Hankius, de Byzant. Ner. Script. Graec. , regarded as the goddess of the moon.
The cat
pp. 492—507. )
[W. P. ] also was believed by the ancients to stand in sonie
BRYSON (Bpiowv), mentioned by lamblichus relation to the moon, for Plutarch (De /s. et Os.
(Vit. Pyth, c. 23) as one of those youths whom 63) says, that the cat was the symbol of the moon
Pythagoras instructed in his old age. He was on account of her different colours, her busy
perhaps the same writer that is mentioned in the ways at night, and her giving birth to 28 young
extract from Theopompus found in Athenaeus (xi. ones during the course of her life, which is exactly
p. 508), where Plato is charged with having bor- the number of the phases of the moon. (Comp.
rowed from Bryson, the Heracleot, and others, a Phot. Bibl. p. 343, a. , ed. Bekker ; Deineter. Phal.
great deal that he introduced into his dialogues as Iepi 'Epunu. $ 159, ed. Oxford. ) It might, there-
his own. A saying of Bryson's is refuted by Aris- fore, seem that Bubastis, being the daughter of
totle in his Rhet. iii. 2, 13.
(A. G. ) Osiris (the sun) and Isis (the moon), was con-
BU'BARES (Bovbápns), the son of Megabazus, sidered as the symbol of the new moon. But the
a Persian, was sent into Macedonia to make in- interpretation given by Plutarch cannot be regard.
quiries after the missing Persian envoys, whom ed as decisire, for in another passage (De Is. el
Alexander, the son of Amyntas I. , had caused to Os. 74) he gives a different account of the sym-
be murdered at his father's court, about B. c. 507. bolical meaning of the cat. Another point in
Alexander induced Bubares to pass the matter which some think that Bubastis and Artemis
over in silence, by giving him great presents and coincide, is the identity of the two with Eileithyia.
also his sister Gygaea in marriage. By this Gy. But although Artemis and Eileithyia may have
gaea Bubares had a son, who was called Amyntas been the same, it does not follow that Bubastis
after bis grandfather. (Herod. v. 21, viii. 136. ) and Eileithyia were likewise identical, and origi-
In conjunction with Artachaees, Bubares super- | nally thev must have been different, as the mode
intended the construction of the canal which Xerxes , of worsbip of the latter was incompatible with the
made across the isthmus of Athos. (Herod. vii. 22. ) religion of the Egyptians. (Manetho, ap. Plui. De
BUBASTIS (Boubaotis), an Egyptian divinity Is. et Os. 73 ; Herod. ii. 45 ; Macrob. i. 7. ) We
whom the Greeks used to identify with their own must, therefore, be contented with knowing the
Artemis, and whose genealogy they explain ac- simple fact, that the Greeks identified the Egyp-
cordingly. (Herod. ii. 137, 156 ; Steph. Byz, s. v. tian Bubastis with their own Artemis, and that in
Boubaotos. ) She was a daughter of Osiris and later times, when the attributes of different divini-
Isis, and sister of Horus (Apollo). Her mother, ties were exchanged in various ways, the features
Isis, entrusted Bubastis and Horus to Buto, to peculiar to Eileithyia were transferred to Bubastis
protect them from Typhon. In the town of Buto (Anthol. Graec. xi. 81) and Isis. (Ov. Amor. ii.
there was a temple of Bubastis and Horus, but the ì3. ) Josephus (Ant. Jud. xiii. 3. § 2) mentions
principal seat of the worship of Bubastis was in Bubastis with the surname dypia, or the rustic, who
the town of Bubastus or Bubastis. Here her had a temple near Leontopolis in the nomos of
sanctuary was surrounded by two canals of the Heliopolis, which bad fallen into decay as early as
Nile, and it was distinguished for its beautiful the reign of Ptolemy Philometor. (Comp. Jablon-
situation as well as for the style of the building. I sky Panth. Aeg. ii
. 3 ; Pignorius, Exposit. Tab.
(Herod. ii. 137, 138. ) An annual festival was | Isiacae, p. 66, ed. Amstelod. ) [L. S. ]
celebrated to the goddess here, which was attend- BUBO'NA. The Romans had two divinities
ed by immense crowds of people (Herodotus, ii. whom they believed to be the protectors of stables,
60, estimates their number at 700,000), and was viz. Bubona and Epona, the former being the pro-
spent in great merriment. But the particulars, as tectress of oxen and cows, and the latter of horses.
well as the object of the solemnity, are not known, Small figures of these divinities were placed in
though the worship of Bubastis continued to a very niches made in the wall (aediculae), or in the pillar
late time. (Ov. Met. ix. 687 ; Gratius, De Venat. supporting the roof; sometimes, also, they were
42. ) The animal sacred to Bubastis was the cat; only painted over the manger. (Augustin. De Cic.
and according to Stephanus of Byzantium, the Dei
, is. 34 ; Tertull
. Apolog. 16 ; Minuc. Fel. Oct.
name Bubastis itself signified a cat. When cats 28 ; Apul. Met. p. 60 ; Juven. viii
. 157. ) [L. S. ]
died they were carefully embalmed and conveyed BUBULCUS, the name of a family of the Junia
to Bubastis. (Herod. ii. 67. ) The goddess herself gens. (Plin. H. N. xviii. 37; comp. Plut. Poplic.
was represented in the form of a cat, or of a female 11. ) There are only two persons of this family
with the head of a cat, and some specimens of such mentioned, both of whom bear the name of Brutus
representations, though not many, are still extant. also ; of these, one is called in the Fasti Capitolini
This is explained in the legend of Bubastis by the Bubulcus Brutus, and the other Brutus Bubulcus :
story, that when the gods fled from Typhon, Bu- they may therefore have belonged to the Bruti,
bastis (Arten. is, Diana) concealed herself by and not to a distinct family of the Junia gens.
2 12
## p. 516 (#536) ############################################
516
BUBULCUS.
BULARCHUS.
success.
Ono. .
TERVETTE
4 ວຈ 2
a
1. C. JUNIUS C. F. C. N. BUBULCUS BRUTUS, I had on his approach to Rome from Nola, in B. Co
was consul B. c. 317 and again in 313, in the lat. | 83. (Plut. Sull. 9. ) On the obverse is the head
ter of which years Saticula was founded. (Liv. ix. of Venus, with L. BVCA ; on the reverse a man
20, 21, 28 ; Diod. xix. 17, 77; Festus, s. v. Suti- sleeping, to whom Diana appears with Victory.
culu. ) He was magister equitum in 312 to the (Eckhel, v. p. 121.
