Tliese lie on the west shore of Waterford Har- bour ; and the parish is traversed, by the road from Waterford city to Pas- sages It was a rectory, and a
separate
benefice, in the diocese of Waterford.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v4
Maelrube,'S*
" Ecclesia Sancte before Marie,"
'ss The of parish
although styled,
Forres was in the north of Elgin, or Morayshire.
festival was formerly held. 's* Under the compound name of Saniarevis's Day, it used to be commemorated by a fair, which was held, on the 27th of
August. '''
The " —old Almanacs—notice the Edinburgh Prognostications"
same observance, as Samarevis' Day,'^^ or Smarevis' Day. 'Sa The parish of
Fordyce is situated in the Shire of Bantf. The annual fair of Kirktown in this
parish was held, on the feast of St. Tallerican or Tarkin ;'^ but, besides this,
there was a fair held " at the hill end of Fordyce upon the last Tuesday of
August,"'*' which in an old Aberdeen almanac is described as " New Sum-
" of
this saint has been locally preserved, even to modern times, in the parish of
Keith, and shire of Banff. Fomierl)',''3 it was called Ketiimalruf, or " Keth of Malruve ;"'°* but later on, the qualifying name was dropped. However,
maruffs' Fair at on last Fordyce,
Tuesday
August. '*"
The of memory
under another form, the name of St. Sumarius,"*5 Sumarive,''* Samarevis,'*' Samervis,"'* and Smarvis,'*' has been preserved. Besides, Mr. Thomas Innes takes this to mean Saint — the Hermit. '? ' In the name is
Malrubius,'? " Irish,
—ruve. SummerEvesFair
is found recorded. ''" This fair is of
general mart for merchant goods, from Aberdeen to Kirkwall, in the earlier
Sa-Ma
name
'5' In 1593.
froma
long standing,'" and,
1251.
Here the present saint's
corruption
ofthissaint's it was the
evidently
called Summarius. See " Vita S. Jonas's
s"
S3 By Rev. William Reeves, D. D.
's* This, the following forms are said b ; and, in that very rare work of Fleming's
clearly to indicate :—Killolrow (1600 "Collectanea Saca," p. 224, a. In the
. See
In 1663.
"
Columb. ini, cap. x. , in Messingham's
Blaeu), Kilmarow (1697), Kilmaro (1631),
Killoruw S^^ " Parocliiales (1695). Origines
Scoii:e," part ii. , I, p. 21.
'55 The error concerning the palron saint
b rectified, in Appendix to the third Part
former, the name is printed Soniarius, and
in the latter Some Manu- Sognicharius.
scripts read Soniarius, and others Soma- rius.
'" A writer treating of the parish, about
of the
"
Oriyines Parochiales Scotise," vol.
the year 1726, s. iys ;
" The of Keith parish
ii. ,2, p. 821.
's* Sec Patterson's Geographical De-
scription of Scotland," . Tt p 20, and pub-
lished in 1685. It mentions . Samarvii'Day,
has for its tutelar saint Summarius or Sama-
rive, whose fair is held here on the first
Tuesday in September. "
"' 111 the old Edinburgh Almanacs of
'i»
'" This occurred, on the
1689 ; and, Smarivis, in the Almanac of 1690.
Ibid. , 1706, 1709.
""'In Patterson's " tion of Scotland. "
of October. Collections on the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff," vol. i. , p. 644; and vol. , ii. ,
"
p. 94.
'" See " Edinburgh
1 70s, 1706, 1709.
"" See " Aberdeen
30th
Prognostication,"
Prognostication,"
Geographical Descrip-
«703-
'3 In the time of King Alexander II.
(A. D. 1214-1224).
*** " Carta Alexandri II. de terra Keth-
malruf. " Also, "Terra apml Innernaven
apud Keth-malruf. " See Reg. Episcop. Morav. , p. 18, No. 25 (Edinb. , 1837).
says :
"5 One of St. Colmbanus' disciples was
"
in Forres, at the 27th day of August. ""
1685, 1687, 1692, 1696, 1705, among the '5' See Collections for the Shire of fairs of Septemlier is Samarevis in Keith,
Aberdeen and Banff,' vol. ii. , p. 240.
•5« For ihe years 1686, 16S7, 1613, 1688,
1690, 1696.
the first Tuesday. "
"* He is called Samervis in those of 1686,
"Florilegium Insula? Sanctorum," p. 224,
''"An old document states: "quhose
feast is on the twenty-seventh of August. " '' See " Historical Collections on Aber-
deen," &c. , vol. ii. , p. 240.
'"A description, written about 1742,
"
In this town is a weekly market, held upon Fridays ; and about a quarter of a mile southward of it, near a small moss, is held a great fair upon the first Tuesday of
Septemlier yearly, called Summer Eves Fair, which is said—to be the gieatest of its
"
kind in Scotland. ' Historical Collections
on Aberdeen," &c. , vol. ii. , p. 241.
266 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 21.
part of the last century ; it is still the best frequented market in the north, for black cattle and horses, towards the close. '74 The parish of Kinnell is in Forfarshire, and the people seem to have had, in former times, a great rever- ence for our saint. '" It is generally believed, that Crail, a parish, in the shire of Fife,'? ' was at one time the seat of a priory, as also of a chapel, within the Castle of Crail, dedicated to St. Rufus. "'7 To the above enumeration of our saint's localities may possibly be added Lairg, which is a parish, in the mid-south of Sutherlandshire. Here, too, in Loch Shin, is found Island Murie, and, on the land, called St. Murie's Fair. "'* In consideration of the foregoing names and places, we may well conclude, in the words of a modem writer,'? ? that there lived a great many years ago, in this part of the High- lands, a great and good man, called Maree, and that, after death, his admirers prefixed the designation of saint to his name.
Article II. —St. Ninidh, or Ninnidh, of Cluain-Caoi. We have
simply the word, Ninidh, preceding the name of Bugno i Tir Bret, and with-
out any qualifying designation, in the published Martyrology of Tallagh. '
This entry may refer, to the present, or, to the immediately succeeding, saint. The festival of a St. Ninnidh, of Cluain-Caoi, was celebrated, on this
day,asweread,intheMartyrologyofDonegal. ^ InaTable,appendedto this record, his nam—e is entered, as Ninnid, of Cluain-caoich ; but, assigned to the 2nd of April perhaps, a misprint, for the 21st of April. The com- mentator remarks, that this saint appears to have been the Ninnidh Laim- hiodhain or the Pure-handed, 3 mentioned in St. Brigid's Acts ;• while, he seems not to have been a bishop, but only a priest, as it appears in this con- nexion. s Already, we have treated about him, at the 2nd day of this month. It seems a difficult matter, to determine the exact locality of Cluain-Caoi, or
of Cluain-Caoich. Except Cloncagh, in the barony of Upper Connello, and county of Limerick, or Clonea, in the barony of Inishowen East, and county of Donegal, we do not find any other parish name approxi- mating. Elsewhere,arethetownlandnamesofClonea,? Cloncaw,^Clonco,'
''^ So great was the concourse of people there, that "there was not accommodation for them, and they occupied the barns and outhouses in the country for many miles round. " See the " New Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. xiii. , p. 390.
''*See " Old Statistical Account of Scot- land," vol. v. , p. 421.
'"Thus, a charter dated June 2nd, 1509, states, that Master George Sterling, of Ester-
i, p. 964.
'''See "Origines Parochiales Scotise,"
part ii. , 2, pp. 698, 700.
'TM See " New Statistical Account of Scot-
and Patrick his brother- Sterling,
J" His feast is to the 2nd of assigned,
brekky,
german, with consent of Lord Ogilvy, of
April, < See her Life, at the 1st of February.
Airlie, and of David Sterling, son and heir-
apparent of Mr. George Sterling, give to St. llary the Virgin, to St. Peter and Paul, tlie
Apostles, and to St. Malrubius, the Confessor,
and to a chaplain serving in the parish church of Kynnell, at the altar of the Blessed Virgin, an annual rent of L. to from the lands of Esteibreky. Cliarter confirmed by James IV. 12. March, 1512-13. See Gen. Hutton's MSS. , in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, from the Original Charter.
"'* At its eastern extremity.
'" This chapel had teinds belonging to it,
both parsonage and vicarage. See the "New Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. ix,,
5 See ibid. , pp. 45S, 459,
'
See Art. ii. , St. Nennidhius Mundima- nus, or Nennidh Lamghlann, Priest.
'In tlie parish of Mostrim, and barony of
land," vol. xiv. —, 2, p. 91. '
ARTICLE IL Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly,
p. xxii. In the Franciscan copy, we find,
tlninTO.
=
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 106, 107.
"
Townland Maps for the County of Long-
Ardagh, shown, on the ford," sheet 15.
Ordnance Survey
*
In the parish of Donagh, and barony of "
Trough, shown, on the Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Mona-
ghan," sheet 7.
' In the parish of Ballinakill, and barony
"
vey Townland Maps for the County of
of Leitrim. shown, on the Galway," sheets 126, 132.
Ordnance Sur-
April 21. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
267
Clonkee,'" Cloonca," Clooncah," Clooncoe. 's Cloonkea,'* and Cloonkee. 's It is quite possible, that within the limits of some one, among the foregoin"', the site of that old church might be found.
Article III. —St. Naindidh, of Cruach. Apparently we are to admit a distinct saint, although bearing a similar name, at the present date. Naindidh, of Cruach, was venerated on this day, as we find mentioned, in the Martyrology of Donegal. ' Perhaps, however, he may not be distinguishable, from St. Ninidh of Ckiain-Caoi. There was a disciple of St. Fiech,' of Dom- nach-Fiac, and called Nanned ; but, Colgan leaves it open to investigation, if this be not the individual, to whom allusion is made, in the Tripartite Life
The Church of Crook, County of Waterford.
of St. Patrick. 3 It may be doubted, however, if he were identical, with the present holy man. Where Cruach was situated cannot be discovered ; but.
'°
In the parish of Drummully, and barony
forthe County ofGalway,"sheets 7, 72, 85 ; in the parish of Ayhamore, in the barony of Cos- tello, shown, on the " Ordnance Survey Town-
land Mapsfor the Countyof Mayo,"sheet8i ; in the parish of Kilteevan, and barony of Bal- lintober South, also, in the parish of Kilkee- van, and barony of Castlereagh, also, in the parish ofTibohine, and barony of Frenchpark,
"
Townland Maps for the County of Fer-
of Coole, shown, on the
Ordnance . Survey " In the parish of Tisrara, and barony of
"
managh," sheets 40, 43.
Athlone, shown, on the
Townland Maps for the County of Roscom-
mon," sheet 44 ; and, in the parish of Kil-
macteige, and barony of Leyny, siiown, on also, in the parish of Cloonfinlough, and the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for
the County of Sligo," sheets 31, 37.
" In the parish of Ballynakill, and barony of Ballymoe. as also, in ihe parish of Killi- mordaly, and barony of Kilconnell, shown, on the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps
barony of Roscommon, shown, on the " Ord- nance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Roscommon," slieets, 13, 19, 26, 29, 36, 40, 42.
" In the parish of Cloone, and barony of Mobill, shown, on the ," Ordnance Survey
Ordnance Survey
268 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 21.
there is a parish and village, known as Crooke/ in the barony of Gaultiere, in the county of VVaterford.
Tliese lie on the west shore of Waterford Har- bour ; and the parish is traversed, by the road from Waterford city to Pas- sages It was a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the diocese of Waterford. * Here are tlie ruins of a mediaeval church, cast in the early English Gothic style, with trii)let-pointed windows, in one of its yet standing gables. ' Acastle was founded here, by the Baron of Curraghmore, in the tiiirteenth century ; and, afterwards, it became a preceptory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusa- lem. With these it remained, until the time of tlie Reformation, when the site and lands were assigned, by Queen Elizabeth, in the twenty-seventh year of her reign. * There is, also, a Crookhaven townland and village,' in the parish of Kilmoe,'° in the western division of the Barony of West Carberr)-, county of Cork ; and, tiie harbour tliere was formerly much frequented by ships; yet, this place can hardly be identified widi the present saint. Again, there is a Crookstown," in the parish of Narraghmore, barony of Narragh and Reban East, county of Kildare ; while, there was a Crookstown," a name imposed by the family of Crook, but its former denomination was Inshira- hill,'3 and this is in the parish of Moviddy,'-* Barony of East Muskerry, and county of Cork. The very ancient church and graveyard of Creeach, now pronounced Crook, otherwise called Creevy,'5 are on a rising bank, over a
branch of the Dodder, about one mile above Ballyboden,'* in the county of Dublin. Whether Cruach and St. Naindidh were connected, with any of the foregoing places, is still questionable.
Article IV. —St. Berach, Abbot of Bangor, County of Down.
\Seventh Century^ To comprehend the feelings and thoughts, that made monasticism so natural in the early days, we sliould keep in view, a state of
life and society then prevalent. Since the Gospel had been preached, and the church had been founded, two great aspects of human society are notice- able. The decaying and corrupt civilization of the Roman Empire had been falling into collapse ; while the spirit of Christianity confronted an evil and an
Townland Maps for the County Leitrim," sheets 35, 36.
'5 In the parish of Kilfian, and barony of Tirawley, shown, on the" Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County o( Mayo," sheets 29, 30. —
Article hi,
'
Edited by Drs. Todd and
148, 152, 153.
" See " Ordnance Survey Townland
Maps for the County of Kildare," sheets 32, 36.
parish
p. 435.
of Clonfert, and of barony
'< 111 the
Longford,siiown,onihe'UrilnanceSurvey
Townland Maps for the Couniy of Galway," Maps for the County of Cork," sheets sheets loi, loS, 109.
Reeves, pp. 106, 107.
^ See his Life, at the 12th of October.
^" " the
. See Trias Thaumaturga. . Septima Vita S. Patricii, lib. iii. , cap. xxii. , pp. 152,
153, and n. 41, p. 185.
* These are described, on the "Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Waterford," sheet l8.
5IntheparishofKillSt. Nicholas. See
ibid.
'"
See Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ire-
land," vol. i. , p. 545.
'This illustrat on has been drawn from
a sketch, preserved in the Royal Irish Aca- demy, by William F. Wakeman, and it has
tion of 1641, to Crooks.
been engraved, by Mis. JliHard. *"
See Lewis' Topogr. iphical Dictionary
of Ireland," vol. i. ,
'See "Ordnnnce Survey Townland
147, 152.
'" See ibid. , sheets 138, 139, 146, 147,
"It formerly belonged to the Earl of
Clancarty, who forfeited it, in the Insurrec-
'^ See
"
Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ire-
land," vol. i. , p. 546.
'* It is described, on the
"
vey Townland Maps for the County of
Cork," sheets 71, 72, 83, 84,95. '=Tothisallusionhasbeenmade,inour
notices of St. Dalua of Dun-Tighe-Bretan,
at the 7th day of January,
'' A village, in the parish of Whitechurch,
and Baiony of Rathdown, it is noted, on the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the
County of Dublin," sheet 22.
Ordnance Sur-
April 21. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 269
almost hopeless condition of afiliirs, in real life, with the loftiest moral teach- ing and the most sublime doctrines, tlie world had ever before known. A con- fused and wild barbarism followed the triumph of new nations, formed on the wreck of that great centralization. Noble germs for the future gradually re- placed and extinguished paganism ; and, altiiough Christianity iiad not been able to convert all in the world, it effected much, by acting on human affairs, while its influence on individuals was vast and astonishing. ' If this be true, so far as the European Continentals were concerned, with much greater force does it apply, to the monastic tendencies of our own islanders. The whole of Ireland was filled with monastic houses of great extent. Among these, the famous Abbey of Bangor ^ sent many of its holy inmates from earth, to people the courts of the Heavenly Jerusalem. The name of Berach, Abbot of Bennchair, occurs, in the Marlyrology of Tallagh,3 at the 21st of April. He was born, most probably, towards the opening of the seventh century. We know not the place of his nativity ; but, it seems not improbable, he belonged to the community at Bangor, where St. Mac Laisre,^ the Abbot, died, a. d. 645. 5 WefindanotherAbbot,St. SeganO'Cuinn,*whodeparted,a. d. 662. 7 The holy man Berach was probably his immediate successor ; and, if such be the case, he could not have long survived, to rule over that establishment He died, in the year 663, according to the Annals of Ulster, and of the Four Masters. ' AccordingtotheMartyrologyofDonegal,'onthisdaywasvene- rated, Berach, Abbot of Bennchar.
Article V. —St. Bugno, or Bughna, in Tir Bret, or Bretan.
We find entered, in the Martyrology of Tallagh,' at the 21st of April, the name of Bugno, in Tir Bret. This means in the land of Britain, where we
suppose, he must have dwelt. This day was venerated, Bughna, in Tir Bretan,' as we read, and have it set down, in the Martyrology of Donegal. '
Article VI. —St. Edilald, a Saxon, otherwise called CEdiluald, or Odilwald, or Athelwald, a Priest. \_SneiM Century. '] Venera- tion was given, at this date, to Edilald, a Saxon, as we find his name entered, in the Martyrology of Tallagh. ' From this entry, we should be inclined to conclude, that by descent, birth, education, or residence, he had some con- nexion with Ireland. This saint is regarded, as an illustrious virgin j by which term, we are probably to suppose, that he was distinguished for great continency and piety. Marianus O'Gorman ' is the authority quoted, for such
Article iv. — See Rev. R. W. Church's
"Saint Anselm," chnp. i. , pp. 2, 3.
* The name of Bangor is s. Tid to be derived
"
274, 275, and n. (n), Hid. See, also, Rev.
from
See J. B. Coyle's "Tours in UUter,'' p. 93.
ties of Down, Connor and Dromore," Ap-
pendix LL. , p. 377.
» Edited by Urs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
106, 107. — Edited Article v.
Bane-choraidh," the White Choir.
There is also a lithographed engraving of the ancient Castle of Bangor, in this work.
' Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxii. In the Franciscan copy, we find, to^ipec ^^a benchiin.
* Wu least occurs, on the l6th of May.
Rev. Dr.
p. xxii. In the Franciscan copy, we have
"
cal Antiquities of Down, Connor and Dro-
more,"Ajppendix LL. , p. 378.
'
5 See Rev. William Reeves'
Eccksiasti-
His feast occurs, at the loth of Sep- Kelly, p. xxi. In the Franciscan copy is tember. e-oiliLtii ^&x.
'
'=
William Reeves'
"
Ecclesiasiical Antiqui-
by
In a note, Dr. Todd says, at Tir Bretan, "i. e. , in the l. ind of Briiain or Wales. "
3 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
106, 107.
Article vl— Edited by Rev. Dr.
busno 1 Ci)\ bpcAc.
»
See ibid. , p. 380. He enters etJilALo 05 epsriA "Edilald, See 0'£>onovan's Edition, vol. i. , pp. illustrioiu virgin. "
Kelly,
270 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 21.
eulogy. 3 In the ancient Hieronymian Martyrology of Eptemac,4 as also in other old authorities, the Deposition of St. Oediluald, Edilwald, Eadilwald,
or Odilvvald, Edilwald, Oidilwald, Ethelwold, or Atlielwald,5 a Priest, is commemorated, on the 21st of April, as the Bollandists* take care to men-
tion. They refer, likewise, to a St. jEdelwaldus, a Priest, and an Anchoret, in England, whose festival has been assigned to the 23rd of March,' as if he
Venerable Bede ^ some account of gives
might
have been the same
person.
the latter ; and, from it, we may probably infer, that tlie holy man, ^thel-
waldus, received his education, at Lindisfarne, in the time of St. Cuthbert. s
For many years, he was a monk, and then lie advancad to the grade of an
anchoret, in the Island of Lindisfarne. He lived, also, as a Priest, at Ripon. While he was a hermit, in Lindisfarne, by his prayers some monks were saved from shipwreck. '" There he led a very chaste and holy life, contem- poraneously with the illustrious St. Cuthbert ;" for a period of twelve years he survived the latter, and became his successor, as Abbot over Lindisfarne. St. Cuthbert having departed this life, a. d. 687, the death of . iEdelwald has been referred, to a. d. 699 or 700. While St. Cuthbert lived there, in a wooden or boarded cell, some chinks allowed the rains and wind to penetrate, and these he stuffed with hay, or other filling ; but, his successor . (Edelwald, hav- ing obtained the skin of a calf, from soine of his brother monks, fastened it with nails around the corner, where his predecessor was accustomed to stand or pray, so that the effects of storms might be prevented. The holy man . /Edelwald died, at Lindisfarne, where his body was interred. No particular day has been assigned, as that on which his death took place. Afterwards, when the Danes made an incursion upon Northumbria, a. d. 874, Eardulf,
bishop, and Eadred, Abbot of Lisdisfarne, taking the remains of St. Cuthbert and of other saints there preserved, fled with them to more distant places.
At length, they were brought to Durham, about the year 995. Among the relics of saints, belonging to this church, were the bones and hair of St. Ethel- wold, Priest, who succeeded St. Cuthbert as anchoret. " Different dates have been assigned, for the festival of this saint ; thus, the 6th day of January,'3 the nth of June,"'* 14th and 23rd of March,'5 have been specially noted. '* If
'"
3 From a note of Rev. Dr. Todd, appended
to tfie notice of St. Naindidh, of Cruach, it
would seem, that the present saiiu is set
down as a Saxon, by a recent hand, who Venerable Bede's " Historia Ecclesiastica gives in Roman characters " tdilwaldus Gentis Angloium," lib. v. , cap. i. , pp. 367 Mar.
" Ecclesia Sancte before Marie,"
'ss The of parish
although styled,
Forres was in the north of Elgin, or Morayshire.
festival was formerly held. 's* Under the compound name of Saniarevis's Day, it used to be commemorated by a fair, which was held, on the 27th of
August. '''
The " —old Almanacs—notice the Edinburgh Prognostications"
same observance, as Samarevis' Day,'^^ or Smarevis' Day. 'Sa The parish of
Fordyce is situated in the Shire of Bantf. The annual fair of Kirktown in this
parish was held, on the feast of St. Tallerican or Tarkin ;'^ but, besides this,
there was a fair held " at the hill end of Fordyce upon the last Tuesday of
August,"'*' which in an old Aberdeen almanac is described as " New Sum-
" of
this saint has been locally preserved, even to modern times, in the parish of
Keith, and shire of Banff. Fomierl)',''3 it was called Ketiimalruf, or " Keth of Malruve ;"'°* but later on, the qualifying name was dropped. However,
maruffs' Fair at on last Fordyce,
Tuesday
August. '*"
The of memory
under another form, the name of St. Sumarius,"*5 Sumarive,''* Samarevis,'*' Samervis,"'* and Smarvis,'*' has been preserved. Besides, Mr. Thomas Innes takes this to mean Saint — the Hermit. '? ' In the name is
Malrubius,'? " Irish,
—ruve. SummerEvesFair
is found recorded. ''" This fair is of
general mart for merchant goods, from Aberdeen to Kirkwall, in the earlier
Sa-Ma
name
'5' In 1593.
froma
long standing,'" and,
1251.
Here the present saint's
corruption
ofthissaint's it was the
evidently
called Summarius. See " Vita S. Jonas's
s"
S3 By Rev. William Reeves, D. D.
's* This, the following forms are said b ; and, in that very rare work of Fleming's
clearly to indicate :—Killolrow (1600 "Collectanea Saca," p. 224, a. In the
. See
In 1663.
"
Columb. ini, cap. x. , in Messingham's
Blaeu), Kilmarow (1697), Kilmaro (1631),
Killoruw S^^ " Parocliiales (1695). Origines
Scoii:e," part ii. , I, p. 21.
'55 The error concerning the palron saint
b rectified, in Appendix to the third Part
former, the name is printed Soniarius, and
in the latter Some Manu- Sognicharius.
scripts read Soniarius, and others Soma- rius.
'" A writer treating of the parish, about
of the
"
Oriyines Parochiales Scotise," vol.
the year 1726, s. iys ;
" The of Keith parish
ii. ,2, p. 821.
's* Sec Patterson's Geographical De-
scription of Scotland," . Tt p 20, and pub-
lished in 1685. It mentions . Samarvii'Day,
has for its tutelar saint Summarius or Sama-
rive, whose fair is held here on the first
Tuesday in September. "
"' 111 the old Edinburgh Almanacs of
'i»
'" This occurred, on the
1689 ; and, Smarivis, in the Almanac of 1690.
Ibid. , 1706, 1709.
""'In Patterson's " tion of Scotland. "
of October. Collections on the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff," vol. i. , p. 644; and vol. , ii. ,
"
p. 94.
'" See " Edinburgh
1 70s, 1706, 1709.
"" See " Aberdeen
30th
Prognostication,"
Prognostication,"
Geographical Descrip-
«703-
'3 In the time of King Alexander II.
(A. D. 1214-1224).
*** " Carta Alexandri II. de terra Keth-
malruf. " Also, "Terra apml Innernaven
apud Keth-malruf. " See Reg. Episcop. Morav. , p. 18, No. 25 (Edinb. , 1837).
says :
"5 One of St. Colmbanus' disciples was
"
in Forres, at the 27th day of August. ""
1685, 1687, 1692, 1696, 1705, among the '5' See Collections for the Shire of fairs of Septemlier is Samarevis in Keith,
Aberdeen and Banff,' vol. ii. , p. 240.
•5« For ihe years 1686, 16S7, 1613, 1688,
1690, 1696.
the first Tuesday. "
"* He is called Samervis in those of 1686,
"Florilegium Insula? Sanctorum," p. 224,
''"An old document states: "quhose
feast is on the twenty-seventh of August. " '' See " Historical Collections on Aber-
deen," &c. , vol. ii. , p. 240.
'"A description, written about 1742,
"
In this town is a weekly market, held upon Fridays ; and about a quarter of a mile southward of it, near a small moss, is held a great fair upon the first Tuesday of
Septemlier yearly, called Summer Eves Fair, which is said—to be the gieatest of its
"
kind in Scotland. ' Historical Collections
on Aberdeen," &c. , vol. ii. , p. 241.
266 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 21.
part of the last century ; it is still the best frequented market in the north, for black cattle and horses, towards the close. '74 The parish of Kinnell is in Forfarshire, and the people seem to have had, in former times, a great rever- ence for our saint. '" It is generally believed, that Crail, a parish, in the shire of Fife,'? ' was at one time the seat of a priory, as also of a chapel, within the Castle of Crail, dedicated to St. Rufus. "'7 To the above enumeration of our saint's localities may possibly be added Lairg, which is a parish, in the mid-south of Sutherlandshire. Here, too, in Loch Shin, is found Island Murie, and, on the land, called St. Murie's Fair. "'* In consideration of the foregoing names and places, we may well conclude, in the words of a modem writer,'? ? that there lived a great many years ago, in this part of the High- lands, a great and good man, called Maree, and that, after death, his admirers prefixed the designation of saint to his name.
Article II. —St. Ninidh, or Ninnidh, of Cluain-Caoi. We have
simply the word, Ninidh, preceding the name of Bugno i Tir Bret, and with-
out any qualifying designation, in the published Martyrology of Tallagh. '
This entry may refer, to the present, or, to the immediately succeeding, saint. The festival of a St. Ninnidh, of Cluain-Caoi, was celebrated, on this
day,asweread,intheMartyrologyofDonegal. ^ InaTable,appendedto this record, his nam—e is entered, as Ninnid, of Cluain-caoich ; but, assigned to the 2nd of April perhaps, a misprint, for the 21st of April. The com- mentator remarks, that this saint appears to have been the Ninnidh Laim- hiodhain or the Pure-handed, 3 mentioned in St. Brigid's Acts ;• while, he seems not to have been a bishop, but only a priest, as it appears in this con- nexion. s Already, we have treated about him, at the 2nd day of this month. It seems a difficult matter, to determine the exact locality of Cluain-Caoi, or
of Cluain-Caoich. Except Cloncagh, in the barony of Upper Connello, and county of Limerick, or Clonea, in the barony of Inishowen East, and county of Donegal, we do not find any other parish name approxi- mating. Elsewhere,arethetownlandnamesofClonea,? Cloncaw,^Clonco,'
''^ So great was the concourse of people there, that "there was not accommodation for them, and they occupied the barns and outhouses in the country for many miles round. " See the " New Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. xiii. , p. 390.
''*See " Old Statistical Account of Scot- land," vol. v. , p. 421.
'"Thus, a charter dated June 2nd, 1509, states, that Master George Sterling, of Ester-
i, p. 964.
'''See "Origines Parochiales Scotise,"
part ii. , 2, pp. 698, 700.
'TM See " New Statistical Account of Scot-
and Patrick his brother- Sterling,
J" His feast is to the 2nd of assigned,
brekky,
german, with consent of Lord Ogilvy, of
April, < See her Life, at the 1st of February.
Airlie, and of David Sterling, son and heir-
apparent of Mr. George Sterling, give to St. llary the Virgin, to St. Peter and Paul, tlie
Apostles, and to St. Malrubius, the Confessor,
and to a chaplain serving in the parish church of Kynnell, at the altar of the Blessed Virgin, an annual rent of L. to from the lands of Esteibreky. Cliarter confirmed by James IV. 12. March, 1512-13. See Gen. Hutton's MSS. , in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, from the Original Charter.
"'* At its eastern extremity.
'" This chapel had teinds belonging to it,
both parsonage and vicarage. See the "New Statistical Account of Scotland," vol. ix,,
5 See ibid. , pp. 45S, 459,
'
See Art. ii. , St. Nennidhius Mundima- nus, or Nennidh Lamghlann, Priest.
'In tlie parish of Mostrim, and barony of
land," vol. xiv. —, 2, p. 91. '
ARTICLE IL Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly,
p. xxii. In the Franciscan copy, we find,
tlninTO.
=
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 106, 107.
"
Townland Maps for the County of Long-
Ardagh, shown, on the ford," sheet 15.
Ordnance Survey
*
In the parish of Donagh, and barony of "
Trough, shown, on the Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Mona-
ghan," sheet 7.
' In the parish of Ballinakill, and barony
"
vey Townland Maps for the County of
of Leitrim. shown, on the Galway," sheets 126, 132.
Ordnance Sur-
April 21. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
267
Clonkee,'" Cloonca," Clooncah," Clooncoe. 's Cloonkea,'* and Cloonkee. 's It is quite possible, that within the limits of some one, among the foregoin"', the site of that old church might be found.
Article III. —St. Naindidh, of Cruach. Apparently we are to admit a distinct saint, although bearing a similar name, at the present date. Naindidh, of Cruach, was venerated on this day, as we find mentioned, in the Martyrology of Donegal. ' Perhaps, however, he may not be distinguishable, from St. Ninidh of Ckiain-Caoi. There was a disciple of St. Fiech,' of Dom- nach-Fiac, and called Nanned ; but, Colgan leaves it open to investigation, if this be not the individual, to whom allusion is made, in the Tripartite Life
The Church of Crook, County of Waterford.
of St. Patrick. 3 It may be doubted, however, if he were identical, with the present holy man. Where Cruach was situated cannot be discovered ; but.
'°
In the parish of Drummully, and barony
forthe County ofGalway,"sheets 7, 72, 85 ; in the parish of Ayhamore, in the barony of Cos- tello, shown, on the " Ordnance Survey Town-
land Mapsfor the Countyof Mayo,"sheet8i ; in the parish of Kilteevan, and barony of Bal- lintober South, also, in the parish of Kilkee- van, and barony of Castlereagh, also, in the parish ofTibohine, and barony of Frenchpark,
"
Townland Maps for the County of Fer-
of Coole, shown, on the
Ordnance . Survey " In the parish of Tisrara, and barony of
"
managh," sheets 40, 43.
Athlone, shown, on the
Townland Maps for the County of Roscom-
mon," sheet 44 ; and, in the parish of Kil-
macteige, and barony of Leyny, siiown, on also, in the parish of Cloonfinlough, and the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for
the County of Sligo," sheets 31, 37.
" In the parish of Ballynakill, and barony of Ballymoe. as also, in ihe parish of Killi- mordaly, and barony of Kilconnell, shown, on the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps
barony of Roscommon, shown, on the " Ord- nance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Roscommon," slieets, 13, 19, 26, 29, 36, 40, 42.
" In the parish of Cloone, and barony of Mobill, shown, on the ," Ordnance Survey
Ordnance Survey
268 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 21.
there is a parish and village, known as Crooke/ in the barony of Gaultiere, in the county of VVaterford.
Tliese lie on the west shore of Waterford Har- bour ; and the parish is traversed, by the road from Waterford city to Pas- sages It was a rectory, and a separate benefice, in the diocese of Waterford. * Here are tlie ruins of a mediaeval church, cast in the early English Gothic style, with trii)let-pointed windows, in one of its yet standing gables. ' Acastle was founded here, by the Baron of Curraghmore, in the tiiirteenth century ; and, afterwards, it became a preceptory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusa- lem. With these it remained, until the time of tlie Reformation, when the site and lands were assigned, by Queen Elizabeth, in the twenty-seventh year of her reign. * There is, also, a Crookhaven townland and village,' in the parish of Kilmoe,'° in the western division of the Barony of West Carberr)-, county of Cork ; and, tiie harbour tliere was formerly much frequented by ships; yet, this place can hardly be identified widi the present saint. Again, there is a Crookstown," in the parish of Narraghmore, barony of Narragh and Reban East, county of Kildare ; while, there was a Crookstown," a name imposed by the family of Crook, but its former denomination was Inshira- hill,'3 and this is in the parish of Moviddy,'-* Barony of East Muskerry, and county of Cork. The very ancient church and graveyard of Creeach, now pronounced Crook, otherwise called Creevy,'5 are on a rising bank, over a
branch of the Dodder, about one mile above Ballyboden,'* in the county of Dublin. Whether Cruach and St. Naindidh were connected, with any of the foregoing places, is still questionable.
Article IV. —St. Berach, Abbot of Bangor, County of Down.
\Seventh Century^ To comprehend the feelings and thoughts, that made monasticism so natural in the early days, we sliould keep in view, a state of
life and society then prevalent. Since the Gospel had been preached, and the church had been founded, two great aspects of human society are notice- able. The decaying and corrupt civilization of the Roman Empire had been falling into collapse ; while the spirit of Christianity confronted an evil and an
Townland Maps for the County Leitrim," sheets 35, 36.
'5 In the parish of Kilfian, and barony of Tirawley, shown, on the" Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County o( Mayo," sheets 29, 30. —
Article hi,
'
Edited by Drs. Todd and
148, 152, 153.
" See " Ordnance Survey Townland
Maps for the County of Kildare," sheets 32, 36.
parish
p. 435.
of Clonfert, and of barony
'< 111 the
Longford,siiown,onihe'UrilnanceSurvey
Townland Maps for the Couniy of Galway," Maps for the County of Cork," sheets sheets loi, loS, 109.
Reeves, pp. 106, 107.
^ See his Life, at the 12th of October.
^" " the
. See Trias Thaumaturga. . Septima Vita S. Patricii, lib. iii. , cap. xxii. , pp. 152,
153, and n. 41, p. 185.
* These are described, on the "Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Waterford," sheet l8.
5IntheparishofKillSt. Nicholas. See
ibid.
'"
See Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ire-
land," vol. i. , p. 545.
'This illustrat on has been drawn from
a sketch, preserved in the Royal Irish Aca- demy, by William F. Wakeman, and it has
tion of 1641, to Crooks.
been engraved, by Mis. JliHard. *"
See Lewis' Topogr. iphical Dictionary
of Ireland," vol. i. ,
'See "Ordnnnce Survey Townland
147, 152.
'" See ibid. , sheets 138, 139, 146, 147,
"It formerly belonged to the Earl of
Clancarty, who forfeited it, in the Insurrec-
'^ See
"
Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ire-
land," vol. i. , p. 546.
'* It is described, on the
"
vey Townland Maps for the County of
Cork," sheets 71, 72, 83, 84,95. '=Tothisallusionhasbeenmade,inour
notices of St. Dalua of Dun-Tighe-Bretan,
at the 7th day of January,
'' A village, in the parish of Whitechurch,
and Baiony of Rathdown, it is noted, on the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the
County of Dublin," sheet 22.
Ordnance Sur-
April 21. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 269
almost hopeless condition of afiliirs, in real life, with the loftiest moral teach- ing and the most sublime doctrines, tlie world had ever before known. A con- fused and wild barbarism followed the triumph of new nations, formed on the wreck of that great centralization. Noble germs for the future gradually re- placed and extinguished paganism ; and, altiiough Christianity iiad not been able to convert all in the world, it effected much, by acting on human affairs, while its influence on individuals was vast and astonishing. ' If this be true, so far as the European Continentals were concerned, with much greater force does it apply, to the monastic tendencies of our own islanders. The whole of Ireland was filled with monastic houses of great extent. Among these, the famous Abbey of Bangor ^ sent many of its holy inmates from earth, to people the courts of the Heavenly Jerusalem. The name of Berach, Abbot of Bennchair, occurs, in the Marlyrology of Tallagh,3 at the 21st of April. He was born, most probably, towards the opening of the seventh century. We know not the place of his nativity ; but, it seems not improbable, he belonged to the community at Bangor, where St. Mac Laisre,^ the Abbot, died, a. d. 645. 5 WefindanotherAbbot,St. SeganO'Cuinn,*whodeparted,a. d. 662. 7 The holy man Berach was probably his immediate successor ; and, if such be the case, he could not have long survived, to rule over that establishment He died, in the year 663, according to the Annals of Ulster, and of the Four Masters. ' AccordingtotheMartyrologyofDonegal,'onthisdaywasvene- rated, Berach, Abbot of Bennchar.
Article V. —St. Bugno, or Bughna, in Tir Bret, or Bretan.
We find entered, in the Martyrology of Tallagh,' at the 21st of April, the name of Bugno, in Tir Bret. This means in the land of Britain, where we
suppose, he must have dwelt. This day was venerated, Bughna, in Tir Bretan,' as we read, and have it set down, in the Martyrology of Donegal. '
Article VI. —St. Edilald, a Saxon, otherwise called CEdiluald, or Odilwald, or Athelwald, a Priest. \_SneiM Century. '] Venera- tion was given, at this date, to Edilald, a Saxon, as we find his name entered, in the Martyrology of Tallagh. ' From this entry, we should be inclined to conclude, that by descent, birth, education, or residence, he had some con- nexion with Ireland. This saint is regarded, as an illustrious virgin j by which term, we are probably to suppose, that he was distinguished for great continency and piety. Marianus O'Gorman ' is the authority quoted, for such
Article iv. — See Rev. R. W. Church's
"Saint Anselm," chnp. i. , pp. 2, 3.
* The name of Bangor is s. Tid to be derived
"
274, 275, and n. (n), Hid. See, also, Rev.
from
See J. B. Coyle's "Tours in UUter,'' p. 93.
ties of Down, Connor and Dromore," Ap-
pendix LL. , p. 377.
» Edited by Urs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
106, 107. — Edited Article v.
Bane-choraidh," the White Choir.
There is also a lithographed engraving of the ancient Castle of Bangor, in this work.
' Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxii. In the Franciscan copy, we find, to^ipec ^^a benchiin.
* Wu least occurs, on the l6th of May.
Rev. Dr.
p. xxii. In the Franciscan copy, we have
"
cal Antiquities of Down, Connor and Dro-
more,"Ajppendix LL. , p. 378.
'
5 See Rev. William Reeves'
Eccksiasti-
His feast occurs, at the loth of Sep- Kelly, p. xxi. In the Franciscan copy is tember. e-oiliLtii ^&x.
'
'=
William Reeves'
"
Ecclesiasiical Antiqui-
by
In a note, Dr. Todd says, at Tir Bretan, "i. e. , in the l. ind of Briiain or Wales. "
3 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
106, 107.
Article vl— Edited by Rev. Dr.
busno 1 Ci)\ bpcAc.
»
See ibid. , p. 380. He enters etJilALo 05 epsriA "Edilald, See 0'£>onovan's Edition, vol. i. , pp. illustrioiu virgin. "
Kelly,
270 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 21.
eulogy. 3 In the ancient Hieronymian Martyrology of Eptemac,4 as also in other old authorities, the Deposition of St. Oediluald, Edilwald, Eadilwald,
or Odilvvald, Edilwald, Oidilwald, Ethelwold, or Atlielwald,5 a Priest, is commemorated, on the 21st of April, as the Bollandists* take care to men-
tion. They refer, likewise, to a St. jEdelwaldus, a Priest, and an Anchoret, in England, whose festival has been assigned to the 23rd of March,' as if he
Venerable Bede ^ some account of gives
might
have been the same
person.
the latter ; and, from it, we may probably infer, that tlie holy man, ^thel-
waldus, received his education, at Lindisfarne, in the time of St. Cuthbert. s
For many years, he was a monk, and then lie advancad to the grade of an
anchoret, in the Island of Lindisfarne. He lived, also, as a Priest, at Ripon. While he was a hermit, in Lindisfarne, by his prayers some monks were saved from shipwreck. '" There he led a very chaste and holy life, contem- poraneously with the illustrious St. Cuthbert ;" for a period of twelve years he survived the latter, and became his successor, as Abbot over Lindisfarne. St. Cuthbert having departed this life, a. d. 687, the death of . iEdelwald has been referred, to a. d. 699 or 700. While St. Cuthbert lived there, in a wooden or boarded cell, some chinks allowed the rains and wind to penetrate, and these he stuffed with hay, or other filling ; but, his successor . (Edelwald, hav- ing obtained the skin of a calf, from soine of his brother monks, fastened it with nails around the corner, where his predecessor was accustomed to stand or pray, so that the effects of storms might be prevented. The holy man . /Edelwald died, at Lindisfarne, where his body was interred. No particular day has been assigned, as that on which his death took place. Afterwards, when the Danes made an incursion upon Northumbria, a. d. 874, Eardulf,
bishop, and Eadred, Abbot of Lisdisfarne, taking the remains of St. Cuthbert and of other saints there preserved, fled with them to more distant places.
At length, they were brought to Durham, about the year 995. Among the relics of saints, belonging to this church, were the bones and hair of St. Ethel- wold, Priest, who succeeded St. Cuthbert as anchoret. " Different dates have been assigned, for the festival of this saint ; thus, the 6th day of January,'3 the nth of June,"'* 14th and 23rd of March,'5 have been specially noted. '* If
'"
3 From a note of Rev. Dr. Todd, appended
to tfie notice of St. Naindidh, of Cruach, it
would seem, that the present saiiu is set
down as a Saxon, by a recent hand, who Venerable Bede's " Historia Ecclesiastica gives in Roman characters " tdilwaldus Gentis Angloium," lib. v. , cap. i. , pp. 367 Mar.
