No More Learning

For the Sanskrit law-books see S. B. E. II (Gautama), xiv. (Vasishtha,
Baudhayana), xxv (Manu).
2. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL.
1
1
The following works deal with economic and social conditions in ancient
India :
Fick, R. Die sociale Gliederung im nordöstlichen Indiaen zu Buddha's
Ziet Kiel, 1897.
Rhys Davids, Mrs C. A. F. Economic conditions in ancient India. Econo-
mic Jour. , Sept. 1901.
-- Notes on early economic conditions in Northern India. J. R. A. S. , Oct.
1901.
[With fuller details on money and the consumption of wealth. )
Rhys Davids, Buddhist India ; see Bibl. to Ch. VII, 2.
Subba Rao, N. S. Economic and political conditions in ancient India.
Mysore, 1911, [An analysis of information contained in the Jatak].
1


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BIBLIOGRAPHY TO CHAPTERS IX-XII
605
CHAPTERS IX-XII
THE PERIOD OF THE SŪTRAS, EPICS, AND LAW. BOOKS ;
FAMILY LIFE AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS AS THEY APPEAR
IN THE SŪTRAS ; THE PRINCES AND PEOPLES OF THE
EPIC POEMS ; THE GROWTH OF LAW AND LEGAL INSTI-
TUTIONS
1. Texts.
pp. 13 f.
.
9
Āçvalāyana Gșihya Sūtra. Ed. A. F. Stenzler. Leipzig, 1864.
Çārkhāyana Gșihya Sūtra. Ed. Hermann Oldenberg in Ind. Stud. xv,
Pāraskara Gribya Sūtra. Ed. A. F. Stenzler, Leipzig, 1876.
Āpastambīya Grihya Sütrā. Ed. M. Winternitz. Vienna, 1887.
The Mantrapātha (of the Āpastambins). Ed. M. Winternitz. Oxford, 1897.
Gobhila Grihya Sūtra. Ed. F. Knauer. Dropat, 1884.
Hiraṇyakeçi Gọihya Sūtra. Ed. J. Kirste. Vienna, 1889.
Mānava Gțihya Sūtra. Ed. F. Knauer. St Petersburg, 1897.
Khādira Gșihya Sūtra. Ed. with trans. by Oldenberg in S. B. E. xxix.
Kauçika Sūtra. Ed. M. Bloomfield. New Haven, 1890.
Gautama Dharma Çāstra (Sūtra). Ed. Sten zler. London, 1876.
Āpastambiya Dharma Sūtra Ed. G. Bühler. Bombay, 1868 and 1872
(two parts).
Baudhāyana Dharma Çāstra Ed. E. Hultzsch. Leipzig, 1884.
Vasishtha Dharma Sītra. Ed. A. Führer. Bombay, 1883.
Mānva Dharma Çāstra. Ed. N. N. Mandlik with commentaries, Bombay,
1886; J. Jolly, London, 1887. Earlier editions : Calcutta, 1813 ;
London, 1825, Paris, 1830.
Vaishnava Dharma Çāstra. Ed. Jolly. Calcutta, 1881.
Yājñavalkya Dharma Çāstra. Ed. Stenzler. Berlin, 1849. ( Mitāksharā.
Bombay, 1909).
Nārada Smriti Ed. Jolly. Calcutta, 1885.
The Dharma Çāstra Sangraha. Ed. Jivananda Vidyasagara. Calcutta, 1876.
[Contains the texts attributed to Atri, Vishnu, Hārīta, Yājñavalkya,
Ushaņas, Añgiras, Yama, Āpastamba, Samvarta, Kātyāyana, Bșihaspati,
Parāçara, Vyāsa, Çarkha, Likhita, Daksha, Çātātapa, Vasishtha,
Gautama, and 'Vriddha Gautama. ')
The text of the epics has come down in different recensions represent-
ed more or less accurately by different editions. The Mahābhārata as
published in the Calcutta edition (1834-9) contains the Harivamça, and
differs slightly from the Bombay edition (1888), which omits the Harivamça,
The text of the poem according to South Indian tradition has been
published in Bombay (1906-10): it differs materially from the northern
recension. The Rāmāyaṇa ( Bengal text, without the last book ) was
published by G. Gorresio (Paris, 1813-50). Another edition containing the
complete text appeared in Bombay (1895), and a third text, but practically,
identical with that of Bombay though 'according to the southern readings,
was publisbed in 1905.


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606
BIBLIOGRAPHY TO CHAPTERS IX-XII
2. TRANSLATIONS
The chief Gșihya Sūtras, those of Āçvalāyana, Çānkhāyana, Pāras-
kara, Khādira, Gobhila, Hiranya keçin, Āpastamba, have been translat-
ed by Oldenberg in S. B. E. xxIx and xxx. In conjunction with the texts
.
mentioned above have appeared German translations of Āçvalāyana by
Stenzler (1865); of Çāňkhāyana by Oldenberg (Ind. Stud. xv); of Gobhila
by Knauer (1887); and of Pāraskara by Stenzler (1878).
The S. B. E. , vols. II and xiv, contain translations by Bühler of the
Dharma Sūtras of Āpastamba, Gautama, Vasishtha, and Baudhāyana.
The Mänava Dharma Castra, originally translated by Sir William Jones,
appeared in a revised translation by Bühler in S. B. E. xxv, and by A. C.
Burnell and E. W. Hopkins (London, 1881). The Vishņu Smriti is translated
by Jolly in S. B. E. vir; the Nārada Smriti with the fragments of Brihaspati,
ibid. xxxIII. The text of the 'shorter Nārada' is separately translated by
Jolly (London, 1876). A German translation of the Yājnavalkya Dharma
Çāstra appeared with the text (1849).
Translations of the epic poems; The Mahābhārata in the northern
recension has been translated into English by various pandits under the
nominal editorship of Pratapa Chandra Ray (Roy) in Calcutta (1883-96);
also by M. N. Dutt (Calcutta, 1896); and an abridged translation by R. C.
Dutt (London, 1899). The Rāmāyaṇa, text and Italian translation by
Gaspare Gorresio ( 1843-67); abridged translation by R. T. H. Griffith
(Benares, 1895).
3. GENERAL SURVEYS.
The most important works bearing on the period represented by the
Sūtras, Çātras, and Epics are as follows :
For a general survey of the subject : R. C. Dutt, History of civiliza-
tion in Ancient India (revised edn. London, 1893) ; Mrs Manning, Ancient
and mediaeval India (London, 1869) ; J. W. M'Crindle, Ancient India as
described by Megasthenese and Arrian (Bombay, 1877); idem, by Ktesias
(1882); idem, by Ptolemy (1885); Antiquities of India by L. D. Barnett
(London, 1913); Ancient India by E. J. Rapson (Cambridge, 1914); Cole-
brooke's Essays (Life and Essays of H. T. Colebrooke, new edn. by E. B.
Cowell, London, 1873) contain papers on Hindu Courts of Justice and Pre-
face to the Digest, which are still valuable. West and Bühler's Digest of
,
Hindu Law (Bombay, 1867-9) contains many extracts from later law-books.
The best general review of Hindu law (Sūtras and Çāstras) is found in Julius
Jolly's Recht und Sitte (1896). For the religious life of this epoch compare
M. Monier-Williams, Religious Thought and Life in India (4th edn. London,
1891) and Indian Wisdom (1893). J. Muir's Original Sanskrit Texts (London.
1868-84) given copious extracts from the religious chapters of the epics.
4. SPECIAL STUDIES.
Special studies are those of W. Caland on burial practices, Die altind-
ischen Toten-und Bestattungsgebräuche (Amsterdam, 1896); of the same
writer on Altindische Zauberei (Amsterdam, 1908) ; on the marriage.
customs E. Hass in Ind. Stud. v, pp. 267 f. [containing part of the Kauçika
Sūtra) ; The Hindu law of marriage and Stridhana (woman's property) by


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BIBLIOGRAPHY TO CHAPTERS IX-XII
607
G. Banerjee (Tagore Lectures revised, Calcutta, 1896); see also the refer-
ences given above in chap. x, p. 209, n. 1; on the ordeals, Die Gottesur-
theile der Inder by E. Schlagintweit (Munich, 1866); Alter u. Herkunft des
german. Gottesurtheils by A. Kaegi (1887).
5. TAE EPICS.
For the epic compare in general A. Holtzmann, Das Mahābhārata
(Kiel, 1892-5); J. Dahlmann, Das Mahābhārata als Epos u. Rechtsbuch
(Berlin, 1895); H. Jacobi, Mahābhārata, Inhaltsangabe (Bonn, 1903) ;
E. W. Hopkins, The great Epic of India ; and India Old and New (New
York, 1901). Special studies : Bühler and Kirste, Contributions to the
history of the Mahābhārata (Sitz. Wien, 1892) and Die indischne Inschriften
u. Das Alter der ind. Kunstopoesie (ibid. 1890). Apart from the Bhagavadgitā,
which has its own literature, may be mentioned inter alia the collection of
philosophical texts of the epic by Paul Deussen and Otto Strauss, Vier
philosophische Texte dea Mahābhāratam (Leipzig, 1906). A special study of
the Social and Military Position of the Ruling Caste was published in the
J. A. O. S. , 1888, by the writer.
The best commentary on the Rāmāyaṇa is by H. Jacobi, Das Rāmā.
yaņa (Bonn, 1893). For the synchronous character of part of the Vishņu
Purāņa. Harivamça, and Bālakāņda of the Rāmāyaṇa compare Lesny in
Z. D. M. G. LXVII, pp. 497 f. On the original linguistic form of the epics see
Winternitz, Gesch. d. ind. Lit. I, p. 436 ; Jacobi, Z. D. M. G. XLVIII, p. 407 ;
and Rapson, J. R. A. S. 1904, pp. 435 f. Compare also Lüders on the
ķisdyaçringa story, G. G. N. , 1897, pp. 87 f.


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603
BIBLIOGRAPHY TO CHAPTER XIII
CHAPTER XIII
THE PURĀNAS
1. TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS.
For a full bibliography see Winternitz, Übersicht über die Purana-
Litteratur (Gesch. d. ind. Litt. I, pp. 450-483).
Bhāgavata Purāņa. Ed. with French trans. by E. Burnouf, continued by
Hauvete. Besnault and Roussel. Paris, 1810-98.
Mārkandeya Purāņa. Trans. F. E. Pargiter. Calcutta, 1904. [The geogra-
phical notes are most valuable. ]
Vishnu Purāņa Trans. H. H. Wilson (vols. 1-V=Works, ed. Fitzedward
Hall, vols. VI-X. London, 1864-70). (A storehouse of information con-
cerning the mythology and legendary history of the epics and Purāņas ]
Pargiter, F. E. The Purāņa Text of the Dynasties of the Kali Age. Oxford,
1913. (A most useful collection of the different texts with various
readings and an English translation. Mr Pargiter's theories as to the
literary history of the Purāņas are not generally accepted. ]
2. GENERAL
Abbott, J. E. The Topographical List of the Bhagavata Purana. Ind.
Ant. , 1899.
Bhandarkar, D. R. Lectures on the Ancient History of India. Calcutta,
1919.
Bhandarkar, R. G. Early History of the Dekhan. 2nd edn. Bombay, 1895.
Deb, H. K. Udayana Vatsaraja. Calcutta, 1919.
Fleet, J. F. The Kali-yuga era. J. R. A. S. , 1911.
Jackson, A. M. T. Epic and Puranic Notes. Jour. Bombay Br. R. A. S. ,
Centenary Memorial Volume, 1905.
Kennedy, J. The Puranic Histories of the early Aryas. J. R. A. S. , 1915.
Lacote, F. Essai sur Cuņādhya et la Bșhatkathā. Paris, 1908.
Pargiter, F. E. Ancient Indian Genealogies and Chronology. J. R. A. S. , 1910.
-- Earliest Indian traditional History. ' J. R. A. S. , 1914.
--The North Pancāla Dynasty. J. R. A. S. , 1918.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY TO CHAPTER XIV
609
CHAPTER XIV
THE PERSIAN DOMINIONS IN NORTHERN INDIA DOWN
TO THE TIME OF ALEXANDER'S INVASION
1. ORIGINAL SOURCES, TEXTS, AND TRANSLATIONS.
>
(a) ORIENTAL
For Vedic authorities see Bibl. to Chapters iv, 1 and v, 1.
Avesta. Ed. K. F. Geldner. Stuttgart, 1886-96.
--Eng. trans. J. Darmesteter and L. H. Mills. Oxford, 1880-7. S. B. E. vols.
XXXI. (Part I, the Vendidád, S. B.