Busse-
Julian, when Oribasius was still a young man.
Julian, when Oribasius was still a young man.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
D.
172, with Maximus.
writings, with which he was so much pleased that
(Lamprid. Commod. 11. )
he imposed upon him the further task of adding to
10. Orfitus GAVIus, consul A. d. 178, with the work whatever was most valuable in the other
Julianus Rufus. (Lamprid. Commod. 12. ) medical writers. This he accomplished (though
As the three persons last mentioned all lived in not till after Julian had become emperor, A. D. 361)
the reign of M. Aurelius (A. D. 161-180), it is in seventy (Phot. Biblioth. Cod. 217) or (accord-
impossible to say which of them was the Orfitus ing to Suidas) in seventy-two books, part of which
who was advanced to various honours in the state are still extant under the title Συναγωγαί Ιατρικαί,
by this emperor, although he was the paramour of Collecta Medicinalia, and will be mentioned again
the empress (Capitol. M. Anton. Phil. 29). below. Eunapius seems to say that Oribasius was
11. Orfitus, consul in A. D. 270, with An- in some way instrumental in raising Julian to the
tiochianus. Trebellius Pollio (Claud. 1]) calls his throne (Badinéa tov 'lovljavov dredeute), but the
colleague Atticianus.
meaning of the passage is doubtful, as the writer
M. O'RFIUS, a Roman eques, of the municipium refers for the particulars of the transaction to one
of Atella, was a tribune of the soldiers in Caesar's of his lost works. He was appointed by the em-
army, whom Caesar strongly recommended in B. C. peror, soon after his accession, quaestor of Con-
59 to his brother Quintus, who was then one of stantinople (Suid. l. c. ), and sent to Delphi to
Caesar's legates. (Cic. ad Qz6. Fr. ii. 14. ) endeavour to restore the oracle of Apollo to its
ORGETORIX, the noblest and richest among former splendour and authority ; but in this mission
the Helvetii, anxious to obtain the royal power, he failed, as the only answer he brought back was
formed a conspiracy of the principal chiefs in B. C. that the oracle was no more :-
61, and persuaded his countrymen to emigrate from Είπατε τω βασιλεί, χαμαι πέσε δαίδαλος αλλά.
their own country with a view of conquering the | Ουκέτι Φοίβος έχει καλύβαν, ου μάντιδα δάφνης
whole of Gaul. Two years were devoted to
Ου παγαν λαλέουσαν, απέσθετο και λάλον ύδωρ.
making the necessary preparations ; but the real
designs of Orgetorix having meantime transpired, (Cedren. Hist. Compend. p. 304, ed. 1647. )
the Helvetii brought him to trial for his ambitious He accompanied Julian in his expedition against
projects. Orgetorix, however, by means of his Persia, and was with him at the time of his death,
numerous retainers, set justice at defiance; and June 26, A. D. 363. (Philostorg. I. c. ) The suc-
while the Helvetii were collecting forces to compel ceeding emperors, Valentinian and Valens, were
him to submit to their laws, he suddenly died, not so favourably disposed towards Oribasius, but
probably, as was suspected, by his own hands. confiscated his property, and banished him to some
Notwithstanding his death the Helvetii carried nation of “barbarians" (as they are called)-pro-
into execution the project which he had formed, bably the Goths: they had even thought of putting
and were thus the first people with whom Caesar him to death. The cause of this treatment is not
was brought into contact in Gaul. After their mentioned ; his friend Eunapius (who is not a very
defeat a daughter of Orgetorix and one of his sons impartial witness) attributes it to envy on account
fell into the hands of Caesar. (Caes. B. G. i. of his reputation (Sid try uwepoxin rîs dokns),
2-4, 26 ; Dion Cass. xxxviii. 31. )
but we may easily suppose the emperors to have
ORIBA'SIUS ('Operbáolos or 'Opıbáonos), an had some more creditable motive than this, and
eminent Greek medical writer, who was born pro- might perhaps be allowed to conjecture that he had
bably about A. D. 325. Suidas (s. v. 'Operbários) made himself obnoxious, either in the discharge of
and Philostorgius (Hist. Eccles. vii. 15) call him a his duties as quaestor, or by his enmity against the
native of Sardes in Lydia ; but his friend and Christians. In his exile Oribasius exhibited
biographer Eunapius says (Vit
. Philos. et Sophist. proofs both of his fortitude and his medical skill
p. 170, ed. Antw. ) he was born at Pergamus in whereby he gained such influence and esteem
Mysia, the birth-place of Galen. According to the among ihe barbarian kings, that he became one of
same author, he belonged to a respectable family, their principal men, while the common people
and, after receiving a good preliminary education, looked upon him as almost a god. As Eunapius
he studied medicine under Zeno of Cyprus, and does not mention that the emperors who recalled
had for his fellow-pupils Ionicus and Magnus. He Oribasius were different from those who banished
early acquired a great professional reputation. It him (. c. p. 173), it is probable that his exile did
is not known exactly when or where he became not last long, and that it ended before the year
acquainted with the emperor Julian, but it was 369. After his return he married a lady of good
probably while that young prince was kept in con- family and fortune, and had by her four children,
finement in different places in Asia Minor. He one of whom was probably his son Eustathius, to
was soon honoured with his confidence and friend whom he addressed his “ Synopsis," mentioned
ship, and was almost the only person to whom below. He also had his property restored out
Julian imparted the secret of his apostacy from of the public treasury by command of the suc-
Christianity. (Eunap. I. c. p. 90 ; Julian, ad ceeding emperors, but Eunapius does not specify
Athen. p. 277, B. ed. 1696. ) 'When Julian was which emperors he means. The date of his death
raised to the rank of Caesar, and sent into Gaul, is unknown, but he was still living with his
## p. 45 (#61) ##############################################
RIBASIC'S.
Oribasius with hin (Julian 24
1. ap. Phot. Biblioth. Cod. 217);
ving year (see Clinton's Fan
sion of sorne temporary abseno,
a letter, which is still extant
an evidence both of their inti-
levotion to paganism. It was
Gaul together that Julian com-
o make an epitome of Galen's
he was so much pleased that
2 the further task of adding ta
vas most valuable in the other
his he accomplished (though
d become emperor, A. D. 351)
Wioth. Cod. 217) or (accord-
nty-two books, part of which
the title Συναγωγαί Ιατρικες
nd will be mentioned again
ns to say that Oribasius was
ntal in raising Julian to the
ουλιανών απέδειξε), but the
e is doubtful, as the writer
rs of the transaction to one
was appointed by the en-
cession, quaestor of Coo-
, and sent to Delphi to
e oracle of Apollo to its
hority;
but in this mission
wer he brought back was
re:
! πέσε δαίδαλος αλλά
ιν, ου μάντιδα δάφην
τβετο και λάλον ύδωρ
304, ed. 1647. )
n his expedition against
at the time of his death,
ostorg. I. c. ) The sue
San and Valens, vere
towards Oribasius, but
banished him to some
they are called)-pro-
en thought of putting
this treatment is not
us (who is not a very
to envy on account
ερoχήν της δόξης),
e emperors to base
ive than this, and
jecture that he bed
in the discharge er
enmity against the
ibasius exhibited
bis medical skil
nce and esteca
he became one of
common people
• As Eunapis
ors who recaled
e who benished
his enle dd
efore the year
a lady of good
four chudrea
Eustathius, to
peptioped
restored out
of the se
Dot specify
of his deas
ORIBASIUS.
ORIBASIUS.
45
four children when Eunapius inserted the account | into Arabic with the title “ De Membrorum Ana-
of his life in his “ Vitae Philosophorum et So-tomia. " (Wenrich, L. c. ) They were translated
phistarum," that is, at least as late as the year into Latin by J. Bapt. Rasarius, and published
395. (See Clinton's Fasti Rom. ) of the per- together with the first fifteen books A Greek
sonal character of Oribasius we know little or edition appeared at Paris, 1556, 8vo. ap. Guil.
nothing, but it is clear that he was much attached Morelium, with the title “ Collectaneorum Artis
to paganism and to the heathen philosophy. He Medicae Liber," &c. ; and W. Dundass published
was an intimate friend of Eunapius, who praises them in Greek and Latin in 1735, 4to. Lugd.
him very highly, and wrote an account of his life. Bat, with the title “ Oribasii Anatomica ex Li-
He attended the philosopher Chrysanthius on his bris Galeni. " Book 44 was published in Greek
death-bed (Eunap. bc. p. 197); and there is a and Latin, with copious notes, by U. C. Bussemaker,
short letter addressed to him by Isidorus of Pelu- Groning. 1835, 8vo. ; having previously appeared in
sium (Epist. i. 437, ed. Paris, 1638), and two Greek, together with books 45, 48, and 49, and
epigrams written in his honour in the Greek An- parts of 50 and 51 (but with the omission of all
thology (ix. 199, and Anthol. Planud. iv. 274, the extracts from Galen and Hippocrates), in the
vol. ii. p. 106, iii. 295, ed. 'Tauchn. ). Ile is several fourth volume of Angelo Mai's “ Classici Auctores
times quoted by Aëtius and Paulus Aegineta e Vaticanis Codicibus editi. ” Rom. 1831, 8vo.
Some of his works were translated into Arabic Books 46 and 47 were published by Ant. Cocchi
(see Wenrich, De Auctor. Graecor. Version. at Florence, 1754, fol. in Greek and Latin, with
Syriac. Arab. &c. p. 295); and an abridgement the title “ Graecorum Chirurgici Libri," &c.
of them was made by Theophanes at the com- Books 48 and 49 were first published in Latin by
mand of the emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus. Vidus Vidius in his “ Chirurgia e Graeco in
(See Lambec. Biblioth. Vindob. vi. pp. 261, 264, Latinum a se conversa," &c. ; and are to be found
266, ed. Kollar. )
in Greek, together with fraginents of books 50 and
We possess at present three works of Ori- 51, in Angelo Mai's collection mentioned above.
basius, which are generally considered to be ge- It will appear at once, from the above list of the
nuine. The first of these is called Euvaywyal editions of the different parts of this work, how
'latpiral, Collecta Medicinalia, or sometimes much we are in want of a critical and uniform
'EBBounkovábılaos, Hebdomecontabiblos (Paul. edition of those books which still remain ; a want
Aegin. lib. i. Praef. ), and is the work that was which (as we learn from M. Daremberg's Rapport,
compiled (as was said above) at the command of quoted above) is likely to be supplied by Dr.
Busse-
Julian, when Oribasius was still a young man. maker.
It would be impossible to give here an analysis of The second work of Oribasius, that is still extant,
its contents. It contains but little original matter, was written probably about thirty years after the
but is very valuable on account of the numerous above, of which it is an abridgment (Súvotes).
extracts from writers whose works are no longer It consists of nine books, and is addressed to his
extant. This work had become scarce, on account son Eustathius, for whose use and at whose request
of its bulk, as early as the time of Paulus Aegineta it was composed. This work was translated into
(Paul. Aegin. 2. c. ); it was translated into Syriac Arabic by Honain Ibn Ishak, with the title “ Ad
in the ninth century by Honain Ibn Ishak and Filium suum Eustathium Libri Novem” (Wen-
Isa Ibn Yahya, with the title “ Collectionis Medi- rich, l. c. ), and was known to Haly Abbas, who,
cinalis Libri Septuaginta" (Wenrich, 1. c. ); but in as well as Paulus Aegineta (l. c. ), notices the
the following century, though Haly Abbas was omission of several topics which he considered
aware of its existence, he says he had never seen ought to have found a place in it. It has never
more than one book out of the seventy. (Theor. i. been published in Greek, but was translated into
1, p. 5, ed. 1523. ) More than half of this work Latin by J. Bapt. Rasarius, and printed at Venice,
is now lost, and what remains is in some confusion, 1554, 8vo.
so that it is not easy to specify exactly how many The third work of Oribasius is entitled Ev.
books are at present actually in existence ; it is, TOPLOTC, Euporista or De facile Purabilibus, and
however, believed that we possess twenty-five consists of four books. It is addressed to Eu-
(viz. 1-15, 21, 22, 24, 25, 44-49), with frag- napius, probably his friend and biographer, who
ments of two others (viz. 50 and 51). The first requested Oribasius to undertake the work, though
fifteen books were first published in a Latin trans- Photius says (l. c. ) that in his time some copies
lation by J. Bapt. Rasarius (together with the were ascribed to a person of the name of Eu-
24th and 25th), Venet. 8vo. without date, but genius. Sprengel doubts (Hist. de la Méd. ) the
before 1555. They were published in Greek and genuineness of this work, but probably without
Latin by C. F. Matthaei, Mosqu. 1808, 4to. , but sufficient reason : it appears to be the “smaller”
with the omission of all the extracts from Galen, work of Oribasius mentioned by Haly Abbas
Rufus Ephesius, and Dioscorides. This edition, (1. c. ). and is probably the treatise that was trans-
which is very scarce, is entitled “ XXI. Veterum lated into Arabic by Stephanus with the title “ De
et Clarorum Medicorum Graecorum varia Opus Medicamentis Usitatis“ (Wenrich, l. c. ). Both
cula" The first and second books had been this and the preceding work were intended as
previously published in Greek and Latin by C. G. manuals of the practice of medicine, and are in a
Gruner, Jenae, 1782, 4to. Books 21 and 22 great measure made up of extracts from his “ Col-
were discovered in MS. by Dietz about fifteen years lecta Medicinalia. ” The Greek text has never
ago, but have not hitherto been published, either been printed. The first Latin translation was
in Greek or Latin. (See Dietz, Schol. in Hippocr. et published by J. Sichard, Basil. 1529, fol. at the
Gal. vol. i. praef. ; Daremberg, Rapport adressé à end of his edition of Caelius Aurelianus ; the next
M. le Ministre de l'Instruction Publique, Paris, edition is that by J. Bapt. Rasarius, Venet. 1558,
8vo. 1845, p. 7. ) Books 24 and 25 treat of 8vo. , which is more complete than the preceding.
anatomy, and may perhaps be the work translated | Rasarius united the "Synopsis ad Eustathium,"
3 with his
## p. 46 (#62) ##############################################
46
ORIGENES.
ORIGENES.
the “ Euporista ad Eunapium," and the nineteen but these obviously landatory interpretations of it
books of the Collecta Medicinalia” that were render it improbable that Origen assumed it him-
then discovered (including the two treatises “ De self, as a boastful temper does not appear to bare
Laqueis ” and “ De Machinamentis "), and pub been at all characteristic of him. The names
lished them together, with the title “ Oribasii quae “ Chalcenterus " Xarxévtepos (“ brasen-bowels ")
restant Omnia,” Basil. 1557, 3 vols. 8vo. They given him by Jerome (1. c. ), and “ Chalceutes"
are also to be found in H. Stephani “Medicae Xahkeutns (* brasier "), and “Syntactes ” Evv.
Artis Principes,” Paris, 1567, fol. The pieces en: TáxTTS (“Composer ") conferred upon him by
titled “ De Victus Ratione, per quodlibet Anni others (Epiph. Haeres. lxiii. l; and Tillemont.
Tempus” (Basil
. 1528, fol. ) and De Simplici- | Mém. vol. iii. p. 497), appear to have been mere
bus " (Argent. 1533, fol. ) are probably extracted epithets, expressive of his assiduity. As he was
from his larger works.
in his seventeenth year, at the time of his father's
Oribasius is said by Suidas to have been the death, which occurred apparently in April 203
author of some other works which are now lost, (Huet. Orijenian. i. 8), in the persecution which
viz. 1. Tepi Bagia elas, De Regno ; 2. Nepl Malov, began in the tenth year of the reign of the
De Affectibus ; and 3. Mpòs Tous 'Atropoūvtas TÊ Emperor Severus, his birth must be fixed in or
Platpūv, Ad illos quibus Medicorum Copia non about A. D. 186. The year 187, given in the
datur (or perhaps rather Ad Medicos dubitantes, Chronicon Paschale, is too late ; and 185, given
vel inopes Consilii), which last has been conjectured by most modern writers, too early. His father
to have been the same work as the “ Euporista ad was Leonides (ewvions), a devout Christian of
Eunapium," mentioned above.
Alexandria. Suidas (s. v. 'Opigerns) calls him
Besides these works, a commentary on the bishop ;” but his authority, unsupported by any
Aphorisms of Hippocrates goes under the name of ancient testimony, is insufficient to prove his epis-
Oribasius, but is undoubtedly spurious. It was copal character. Porphyry (apud Euseb. H. E.
first published in Latin by J. Guinterius Ander- vi. 19) speaks of Origen, with whom he claimed
nacus, Paris, 1533, 8vo. , and has been thrice re- to have been acquainted in early life, as having
printed. It is probable that the work does not been educated a heathen, and afterwards converted
exist in Greek, and that it was written by a person to Christianity; but, as his acquaintance with Origen
who made use of a Latin translation of the - Syn- was apparently very slight, and when Origen was an
opsis ad Eustathium,” and who composed it with old man, his authority in such a matter is of little
the intention of passing it off as the genuine work weight. Leonides gave his son a careful education,
of Oribasius. If so, it is a clumsy forgery, and not only in the usual branches of knowledge, but
betrays its spurious origin to the most cursory in- especially in the Scriptures, of which he made him
spector, being apparently the work of a Christian, commit to memory and recite a portion every day.
and at the same time purporting to be written at Origen was a pupil of Clement of Alexandria,
the command of Ptolemy Euergetes. It has been and he also received some instruction of Pantaenus
conjectured that it was composed by some physi- apparently after his return from India. (Pan-
cian belonging to the school of Salerno, about the TAENUS. ) He had Alexander, afterwards bishop
beginning of the fourteenth century; but this is of Jerusalem, for his early friend and fellow-
certainly too recent, as it is to be found in two student (Alex. ap. Euseb. II. E. vi. 14).
MSS. at Paris, which are supposed to belong to the In the persecution which commenced in the
tenth century. (See Littré's Hippocrates, vol. iv. tenth year of Severus (A. D. 202) Leonides was
p. 443. )
imprisoned, and after a time beheaded. Origen
A further account of Oribasius, especially of his was anxious to share with his father the glory of
medical opinions, may be found in Freind's Hist. martyrdom ; and when this desire was frustrated
of Physic, vol. i. ; Haller's Biblioth. Anat. , Biblioth. by the watchfulness of his mother, who, after
Chirurg. , Biblioth. Botan. , and Biblioth. Medic. vainly entreating him to give up his purpose, hid
Pract. ; Sprengel’s Hist
. de la Méd. ; and in J. F. C. away all his clothes, and so prevented him from
Hecker's Litterar. Annal. der gesammten Heil- leaving home, he wrote a letter to his father,
kunde, 1825, vol. i. , which last work the writer exhorting him to steadfastness, in the words “ See
has never
See also Fabric. Biblioth. Gr. I that thou changest not thy mind for our sakes. "
vol. ix. p. 451, xii. 640, xiii. 353, ed. vet. ; and | By the death of Leonides, his widow, with Origen
Choulant, Handb. der Bücherkunde für die Aeltere and six younger sons, was reduced to destitution,
Medicin.
(W. A. G. ] the property of the martyr haring been confiscated.
ORIGENES ('Npeyévms), one of the most emi- Origen was, however, received into the house of a
nent of the early Christian writers, not only for wealthy female, then living at Alexandria, who had,
his intellectual powers and attainments, but also among her inmates at the time, one Paul of Antioch,
for the influence exercised by him on the opinions whom she regarded as a son, who was in bad
of subsequent ages, and for the dissensions and repute on account of his beretical opinions. Ne
discussions respecting his opinions, which have ander calls him a Gnostic. His eloquence, however,
been carried on through many centuries down to attracted a considerable audience, not only of those
modern times.
who sympathised in his views, but of the orthodox ;
I. Life. Origen bore, apparently from his birth yet Origen refused to unite in prayer with him
(Euseb. H. E. vi. 14) the additional name of Ada- ** detesting," as he has somewhere expressed it,
mantius ('Adapávtis), though Epiphanius states “heretical teachings. " (Euseb. H. E.
(Lamprid. Commod. 11. )
he imposed upon him the further task of adding to
10. Orfitus GAVIus, consul A. d. 178, with the work whatever was most valuable in the other
Julianus Rufus. (Lamprid. Commod. 12. ) medical writers. This he accomplished (though
As the three persons last mentioned all lived in not till after Julian had become emperor, A. D. 361)
the reign of M. Aurelius (A. D. 161-180), it is in seventy (Phot. Biblioth. Cod. 217) or (accord-
impossible to say which of them was the Orfitus ing to Suidas) in seventy-two books, part of which
who was advanced to various honours in the state are still extant under the title Συναγωγαί Ιατρικαί,
by this emperor, although he was the paramour of Collecta Medicinalia, and will be mentioned again
the empress (Capitol. M. Anton. Phil. 29). below. Eunapius seems to say that Oribasius was
11. Orfitus, consul in A. D. 270, with An- in some way instrumental in raising Julian to the
tiochianus. Trebellius Pollio (Claud. 1]) calls his throne (Badinéa tov 'lovljavov dredeute), but the
colleague Atticianus.
meaning of the passage is doubtful, as the writer
M. O'RFIUS, a Roman eques, of the municipium refers for the particulars of the transaction to one
of Atella, was a tribune of the soldiers in Caesar's of his lost works. He was appointed by the em-
army, whom Caesar strongly recommended in B. C. peror, soon after his accession, quaestor of Con-
59 to his brother Quintus, who was then one of stantinople (Suid. l. c. ), and sent to Delphi to
Caesar's legates. (Cic. ad Qz6. Fr. ii. 14. ) endeavour to restore the oracle of Apollo to its
ORGETORIX, the noblest and richest among former splendour and authority ; but in this mission
the Helvetii, anxious to obtain the royal power, he failed, as the only answer he brought back was
formed a conspiracy of the principal chiefs in B. C. that the oracle was no more :-
61, and persuaded his countrymen to emigrate from Είπατε τω βασιλεί, χαμαι πέσε δαίδαλος αλλά.
their own country with a view of conquering the | Ουκέτι Φοίβος έχει καλύβαν, ου μάντιδα δάφνης
whole of Gaul. Two years were devoted to
Ου παγαν λαλέουσαν, απέσθετο και λάλον ύδωρ.
making the necessary preparations ; but the real
designs of Orgetorix having meantime transpired, (Cedren. Hist. Compend. p. 304, ed. 1647. )
the Helvetii brought him to trial for his ambitious He accompanied Julian in his expedition against
projects. Orgetorix, however, by means of his Persia, and was with him at the time of his death,
numerous retainers, set justice at defiance; and June 26, A. D. 363. (Philostorg. I. c. ) The suc-
while the Helvetii were collecting forces to compel ceeding emperors, Valentinian and Valens, were
him to submit to their laws, he suddenly died, not so favourably disposed towards Oribasius, but
probably, as was suspected, by his own hands. confiscated his property, and banished him to some
Notwithstanding his death the Helvetii carried nation of “barbarians" (as they are called)-pro-
into execution the project which he had formed, bably the Goths: they had even thought of putting
and were thus the first people with whom Caesar him to death. The cause of this treatment is not
was brought into contact in Gaul. After their mentioned ; his friend Eunapius (who is not a very
defeat a daughter of Orgetorix and one of his sons impartial witness) attributes it to envy on account
fell into the hands of Caesar. (Caes. B. G. i. of his reputation (Sid try uwepoxin rîs dokns),
2-4, 26 ; Dion Cass. xxxviii. 31. )
but we may easily suppose the emperors to have
ORIBA'SIUS ('Operbáolos or 'Opıbáonos), an had some more creditable motive than this, and
eminent Greek medical writer, who was born pro- might perhaps be allowed to conjecture that he had
bably about A. D. 325. Suidas (s. v. 'Operbários) made himself obnoxious, either in the discharge of
and Philostorgius (Hist. Eccles. vii. 15) call him a his duties as quaestor, or by his enmity against the
native of Sardes in Lydia ; but his friend and Christians. In his exile Oribasius exhibited
biographer Eunapius says (Vit
. Philos. et Sophist. proofs both of his fortitude and his medical skill
p. 170, ed. Antw. ) he was born at Pergamus in whereby he gained such influence and esteem
Mysia, the birth-place of Galen. According to the among ihe barbarian kings, that he became one of
same author, he belonged to a respectable family, their principal men, while the common people
and, after receiving a good preliminary education, looked upon him as almost a god. As Eunapius
he studied medicine under Zeno of Cyprus, and does not mention that the emperors who recalled
had for his fellow-pupils Ionicus and Magnus. He Oribasius were different from those who banished
early acquired a great professional reputation. It him (. c. p. 173), it is probable that his exile did
is not known exactly when or where he became not last long, and that it ended before the year
acquainted with the emperor Julian, but it was 369. After his return he married a lady of good
probably while that young prince was kept in con- family and fortune, and had by her four children,
finement in different places in Asia Minor. He one of whom was probably his son Eustathius, to
was soon honoured with his confidence and friend whom he addressed his “ Synopsis," mentioned
ship, and was almost the only person to whom below. He also had his property restored out
Julian imparted the secret of his apostacy from of the public treasury by command of the suc-
Christianity. (Eunap. I. c. p. 90 ; Julian, ad ceeding emperors, but Eunapius does not specify
Athen. p. 277, B. ed. 1696. ) 'When Julian was which emperors he means. The date of his death
raised to the rank of Caesar, and sent into Gaul, is unknown, but he was still living with his
## p. 45 (#61) ##############################################
RIBASIC'S.
Oribasius with hin (Julian 24
1. ap. Phot. Biblioth. Cod. 217);
ving year (see Clinton's Fan
sion of sorne temporary abseno,
a letter, which is still extant
an evidence both of their inti-
levotion to paganism. It was
Gaul together that Julian com-
o make an epitome of Galen's
he was so much pleased that
2 the further task of adding ta
vas most valuable in the other
his he accomplished (though
d become emperor, A. D. 351)
Wioth. Cod. 217) or (accord-
nty-two books, part of which
the title Συναγωγαί Ιατρικες
nd will be mentioned again
ns to say that Oribasius was
ntal in raising Julian to the
ουλιανών απέδειξε), but the
e is doubtful, as the writer
rs of the transaction to one
was appointed by the en-
cession, quaestor of Coo-
, and sent to Delphi to
e oracle of Apollo to its
hority;
but in this mission
wer he brought back was
re:
! πέσε δαίδαλος αλλά
ιν, ου μάντιδα δάφην
τβετο και λάλον ύδωρ
304, ed. 1647. )
n his expedition against
at the time of his death,
ostorg. I. c. ) The sue
San and Valens, vere
towards Oribasius, but
banished him to some
they are called)-pro-
en thought of putting
this treatment is not
us (who is not a very
to envy on account
ερoχήν της δόξης),
e emperors to base
ive than this, and
jecture that he bed
in the discharge er
enmity against the
ibasius exhibited
bis medical skil
nce and esteca
he became one of
common people
• As Eunapis
ors who recaled
e who benished
his enle dd
efore the year
a lady of good
four chudrea
Eustathius, to
peptioped
restored out
of the se
Dot specify
of his deas
ORIBASIUS.
ORIBASIUS.
45
four children when Eunapius inserted the account | into Arabic with the title “ De Membrorum Ana-
of his life in his “ Vitae Philosophorum et So-tomia. " (Wenrich, L. c. ) They were translated
phistarum," that is, at least as late as the year into Latin by J. Bapt. Rasarius, and published
395. (See Clinton's Fasti Rom. ) of the per- together with the first fifteen books A Greek
sonal character of Oribasius we know little or edition appeared at Paris, 1556, 8vo. ap. Guil.
nothing, but it is clear that he was much attached Morelium, with the title “ Collectaneorum Artis
to paganism and to the heathen philosophy. He Medicae Liber," &c. ; and W. Dundass published
was an intimate friend of Eunapius, who praises them in Greek and Latin in 1735, 4to. Lugd.
him very highly, and wrote an account of his life. Bat, with the title “ Oribasii Anatomica ex Li-
He attended the philosopher Chrysanthius on his bris Galeni. " Book 44 was published in Greek
death-bed (Eunap. bc. p. 197); and there is a and Latin, with copious notes, by U. C. Bussemaker,
short letter addressed to him by Isidorus of Pelu- Groning. 1835, 8vo. ; having previously appeared in
sium (Epist. i. 437, ed. Paris, 1638), and two Greek, together with books 45, 48, and 49, and
epigrams written in his honour in the Greek An- parts of 50 and 51 (but with the omission of all
thology (ix. 199, and Anthol. Planud. iv. 274, the extracts from Galen and Hippocrates), in the
vol. ii. p. 106, iii. 295, ed. 'Tauchn. ). Ile is several fourth volume of Angelo Mai's “ Classici Auctores
times quoted by Aëtius and Paulus Aegineta e Vaticanis Codicibus editi. ” Rom. 1831, 8vo.
Some of his works were translated into Arabic Books 46 and 47 were published by Ant. Cocchi
(see Wenrich, De Auctor. Graecor. Version. at Florence, 1754, fol. in Greek and Latin, with
Syriac. Arab. &c. p. 295); and an abridgement the title “ Graecorum Chirurgici Libri," &c.
of them was made by Theophanes at the com- Books 48 and 49 were first published in Latin by
mand of the emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus. Vidus Vidius in his “ Chirurgia e Graeco in
(See Lambec. Biblioth. Vindob. vi. pp. 261, 264, Latinum a se conversa," &c. ; and are to be found
266, ed. Kollar. )
in Greek, together with fraginents of books 50 and
We possess at present three works of Ori- 51, in Angelo Mai's collection mentioned above.
basius, which are generally considered to be ge- It will appear at once, from the above list of the
nuine. The first of these is called Euvaywyal editions of the different parts of this work, how
'latpiral, Collecta Medicinalia, or sometimes much we are in want of a critical and uniform
'EBBounkovábılaos, Hebdomecontabiblos (Paul. edition of those books which still remain ; a want
Aegin. lib. i. Praef. ), and is the work that was which (as we learn from M. Daremberg's Rapport,
compiled (as was said above) at the command of quoted above) is likely to be supplied by Dr.
Busse-
Julian, when Oribasius was still a young man. maker.
It would be impossible to give here an analysis of The second work of Oribasius, that is still extant,
its contents. It contains but little original matter, was written probably about thirty years after the
but is very valuable on account of the numerous above, of which it is an abridgment (Súvotes).
extracts from writers whose works are no longer It consists of nine books, and is addressed to his
extant. This work had become scarce, on account son Eustathius, for whose use and at whose request
of its bulk, as early as the time of Paulus Aegineta it was composed. This work was translated into
(Paul. Aegin. 2. c. ); it was translated into Syriac Arabic by Honain Ibn Ishak, with the title “ Ad
in the ninth century by Honain Ibn Ishak and Filium suum Eustathium Libri Novem” (Wen-
Isa Ibn Yahya, with the title “ Collectionis Medi- rich, l. c. ), and was known to Haly Abbas, who,
cinalis Libri Septuaginta" (Wenrich, 1. c. ); but in as well as Paulus Aegineta (l. c. ), notices the
the following century, though Haly Abbas was omission of several topics which he considered
aware of its existence, he says he had never seen ought to have found a place in it. It has never
more than one book out of the seventy. (Theor. i. been published in Greek, but was translated into
1, p. 5, ed. 1523. ) More than half of this work Latin by J. Bapt. Rasarius, and printed at Venice,
is now lost, and what remains is in some confusion, 1554, 8vo.
so that it is not easy to specify exactly how many The third work of Oribasius is entitled Ev.
books are at present actually in existence ; it is, TOPLOTC, Euporista or De facile Purabilibus, and
however, believed that we possess twenty-five consists of four books. It is addressed to Eu-
(viz. 1-15, 21, 22, 24, 25, 44-49), with frag- napius, probably his friend and biographer, who
ments of two others (viz. 50 and 51). The first requested Oribasius to undertake the work, though
fifteen books were first published in a Latin trans- Photius says (l. c. ) that in his time some copies
lation by J. Bapt. Rasarius (together with the were ascribed to a person of the name of Eu-
24th and 25th), Venet. 8vo. without date, but genius. Sprengel doubts (Hist. de la Méd. ) the
before 1555. They were published in Greek and genuineness of this work, but probably without
Latin by C. F. Matthaei, Mosqu. 1808, 4to. , but sufficient reason : it appears to be the “smaller”
with the omission of all the extracts from Galen, work of Oribasius mentioned by Haly Abbas
Rufus Ephesius, and Dioscorides. This edition, (1. c. ). and is probably the treatise that was trans-
which is very scarce, is entitled “ XXI. Veterum lated into Arabic by Stephanus with the title “ De
et Clarorum Medicorum Graecorum varia Opus Medicamentis Usitatis“ (Wenrich, l. c. ). Both
cula" The first and second books had been this and the preceding work were intended as
previously published in Greek and Latin by C. G. manuals of the practice of medicine, and are in a
Gruner, Jenae, 1782, 4to. Books 21 and 22 great measure made up of extracts from his “ Col-
were discovered in MS. by Dietz about fifteen years lecta Medicinalia. ” The Greek text has never
ago, but have not hitherto been published, either been printed. The first Latin translation was
in Greek or Latin. (See Dietz, Schol. in Hippocr. et published by J. Sichard, Basil. 1529, fol. at the
Gal. vol. i. praef. ; Daremberg, Rapport adressé à end of his edition of Caelius Aurelianus ; the next
M. le Ministre de l'Instruction Publique, Paris, edition is that by J. Bapt. Rasarius, Venet. 1558,
8vo. 1845, p. 7. ) Books 24 and 25 treat of 8vo. , which is more complete than the preceding.
anatomy, and may perhaps be the work translated | Rasarius united the "Synopsis ad Eustathium,"
3 with his
## p. 46 (#62) ##############################################
46
ORIGENES.
ORIGENES.
the “ Euporista ad Eunapium," and the nineteen but these obviously landatory interpretations of it
books of the Collecta Medicinalia” that were render it improbable that Origen assumed it him-
then discovered (including the two treatises “ De self, as a boastful temper does not appear to bare
Laqueis ” and “ De Machinamentis "), and pub been at all characteristic of him. The names
lished them together, with the title “ Oribasii quae “ Chalcenterus " Xarxévtepos (“ brasen-bowels ")
restant Omnia,” Basil. 1557, 3 vols. 8vo. They given him by Jerome (1. c. ), and “ Chalceutes"
are also to be found in H. Stephani “Medicae Xahkeutns (* brasier "), and “Syntactes ” Evv.
Artis Principes,” Paris, 1567, fol. The pieces en: TáxTTS (“Composer ") conferred upon him by
titled “ De Victus Ratione, per quodlibet Anni others (Epiph. Haeres. lxiii. l; and Tillemont.
Tempus” (Basil
. 1528, fol. ) and De Simplici- | Mém. vol. iii. p. 497), appear to have been mere
bus " (Argent. 1533, fol. ) are probably extracted epithets, expressive of his assiduity. As he was
from his larger works.
in his seventeenth year, at the time of his father's
Oribasius is said by Suidas to have been the death, which occurred apparently in April 203
author of some other works which are now lost, (Huet. Orijenian. i. 8), in the persecution which
viz. 1. Tepi Bagia elas, De Regno ; 2. Nepl Malov, began in the tenth year of the reign of the
De Affectibus ; and 3. Mpòs Tous 'Atropoūvtas TÊ Emperor Severus, his birth must be fixed in or
Platpūv, Ad illos quibus Medicorum Copia non about A. D. 186. The year 187, given in the
datur (or perhaps rather Ad Medicos dubitantes, Chronicon Paschale, is too late ; and 185, given
vel inopes Consilii), which last has been conjectured by most modern writers, too early. His father
to have been the same work as the “ Euporista ad was Leonides (ewvions), a devout Christian of
Eunapium," mentioned above.
Alexandria. Suidas (s. v. 'Opigerns) calls him
Besides these works, a commentary on the bishop ;” but his authority, unsupported by any
Aphorisms of Hippocrates goes under the name of ancient testimony, is insufficient to prove his epis-
Oribasius, but is undoubtedly spurious. It was copal character. Porphyry (apud Euseb. H. E.
first published in Latin by J. Guinterius Ander- vi. 19) speaks of Origen, with whom he claimed
nacus, Paris, 1533, 8vo. , and has been thrice re- to have been acquainted in early life, as having
printed. It is probable that the work does not been educated a heathen, and afterwards converted
exist in Greek, and that it was written by a person to Christianity; but, as his acquaintance with Origen
who made use of a Latin translation of the - Syn- was apparently very slight, and when Origen was an
opsis ad Eustathium,” and who composed it with old man, his authority in such a matter is of little
the intention of passing it off as the genuine work weight. Leonides gave his son a careful education,
of Oribasius. If so, it is a clumsy forgery, and not only in the usual branches of knowledge, but
betrays its spurious origin to the most cursory in- especially in the Scriptures, of which he made him
spector, being apparently the work of a Christian, commit to memory and recite a portion every day.
and at the same time purporting to be written at Origen was a pupil of Clement of Alexandria,
the command of Ptolemy Euergetes. It has been and he also received some instruction of Pantaenus
conjectured that it was composed by some physi- apparently after his return from India. (Pan-
cian belonging to the school of Salerno, about the TAENUS. ) He had Alexander, afterwards bishop
beginning of the fourteenth century; but this is of Jerusalem, for his early friend and fellow-
certainly too recent, as it is to be found in two student (Alex. ap. Euseb. II. E. vi. 14).
MSS. at Paris, which are supposed to belong to the In the persecution which commenced in the
tenth century. (See Littré's Hippocrates, vol. iv. tenth year of Severus (A. D. 202) Leonides was
p. 443. )
imprisoned, and after a time beheaded. Origen
A further account of Oribasius, especially of his was anxious to share with his father the glory of
medical opinions, may be found in Freind's Hist. martyrdom ; and when this desire was frustrated
of Physic, vol. i. ; Haller's Biblioth. Anat. , Biblioth. by the watchfulness of his mother, who, after
Chirurg. , Biblioth. Botan. , and Biblioth. Medic. vainly entreating him to give up his purpose, hid
Pract. ; Sprengel’s Hist
. de la Méd. ; and in J. F. C. away all his clothes, and so prevented him from
Hecker's Litterar. Annal. der gesammten Heil- leaving home, he wrote a letter to his father,
kunde, 1825, vol. i. , which last work the writer exhorting him to steadfastness, in the words “ See
has never
See also Fabric. Biblioth. Gr. I that thou changest not thy mind for our sakes. "
vol. ix. p. 451, xii. 640, xiii. 353, ed. vet. ; and | By the death of Leonides, his widow, with Origen
Choulant, Handb. der Bücherkunde für die Aeltere and six younger sons, was reduced to destitution,
Medicin.
(W. A. G. ] the property of the martyr haring been confiscated.
ORIGENES ('Npeyévms), one of the most emi- Origen was, however, received into the house of a
nent of the early Christian writers, not only for wealthy female, then living at Alexandria, who had,
his intellectual powers and attainments, but also among her inmates at the time, one Paul of Antioch,
for the influence exercised by him on the opinions whom she regarded as a son, who was in bad
of subsequent ages, and for the dissensions and repute on account of his beretical opinions. Ne
discussions respecting his opinions, which have ander calls him a Gnostic. His eloquence, however,
been carried on through many centuries down to attracted a considerable audience, not only of those
modern times.
who sympathised in his views, but of the orthodox ;
I. Life. Origen bore, apparently from his birth yet Origen refused to unite in prayer with him
(Euseb. H. E. vi. 14) the additional name of Ada- ** detesting," as he has somewhere expressed it,
mantius ('Adapávtis), though Epiphanius states “heretical teachings. " (Euseb. H. E.
