No More Learning

She has written: (A Marked Man); My
Guardian); Not All in Vain); (The Three
Miss Kings'; etc.
Cambridge, Richard Owen. An English
miscellaneous writer; born in London, 1717 ;
died 1802. He wrote: (The Scribleriad, a
heroic poem; History of the War in India
between the French and the English from 1755
to 1761); and other works.
Camden, William. An English antiquarian ;
born in London, 1551; died, 1623. He was re-
nowned for his Anglo-Saxon learning, and
wrote: Description of Great Britain in Ancient
Times); (Annals of the Reign of Elizabeth);
and other works.
Cameron, H. Lovett. An English novelist,
widow of Verney L. Her novels deal mostly
with personal complications, and include: (The
Cost of a Lie) (1886); (The Dead Past) (1886);
and Pure Gold' (1887),- all involving the
sombre side of sentiment.
Cameron, Verney Lovett. An English ex-
plorer and writer of adventure; born in Radi-
pole, Dorsetshire, July 1, 1844; died at Leighton.
Buzzard, March 26, 1894. Famed for his feats
of travel, he turned them to account in (Harry
Raymond (1886), a tale of adventure among
pirates; (The Cruise of the Black Prince Pri-
vateer) (1886); and (Across Africa) (1877).
Camoens, Luiz de (kam'ō-ens). Portugal's
greatest poet; born at Lisbon in 1524 or 1525;
died June 10, 1580. He passed some time in
India as a soldier; later he held a lucrative
office at Macao; there he composed a part of
(The Lusiads. He returned to Portugal beg-
gared, and died at Lisbon in a public hospital.
The (Lusiads) served to determine the ultimate
literary forms of Portuguese : it is regarded as
the national epic of Portugal. *
Camp, Walter. A weii-known American
writer on athletics; born in Connecticut, 1859.
He has written: Book of College Sports);
(American Football); (Football Facts and
Figures); etc.
Campan, Jeanne Louise Henriette (kon-
pon'). A French writer of memoirs, recollec-
tions, and essays on education; born (Genest)
in Paris, Oct. 6, 1752; died at Mantes, May
16, 1822. Her Memoirs of the Private Life
of Marie Antoinette ) were based upon personal
knowledge obtained in the capacity of lady.
in-waiting; the "Correspondence with Queen
Hortense) is a revelation of character of no
small value ; but the Treatise on Education)
is unimportant.
Campanella, Tomaso (käm-pän-el'ä). A fa-
mous Italian philosopher; born at Stilo, Cala.
bria, Sept. 5, 1568; died at Paris, May 21,
1639. At an unusually early age he had em-
braced the monastic life, astonishing his reli-
gious superiors with the precocious ripeness of
his Thomistic scholarship, and writing poems
and treatises that are still not beneath respect.
For twenty-seven years, however, he lay in a
Spanish prison, because of his political indis-
cretions with the pen. During this period
many of his treatises were compiled: but the
ordeal broke his spirit and induced the impo-
tence so characteristic of his thought in the
very hour of its realization; the consequence
being that even such great works as the
(Treatise on Material Philosophy) (1623) and
(Rational Philosophy) (1637) are painfully in.
adequate. Only his Kingdom (or City] of
the Sun) (1623), a work not unlike More's
"Utopia,' is very widely known.
Campardon, Émile (käm-pär-dôn'). A French
biographer and historian; born in Paris, July
18, 1834. He has made exhaustive studies of
(The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris) (1866);
Marie Antoinette and the Necklace Case
(1863); and (Madame de Pompadour and the
Court of Louis XV. (1867).
Campbell, Alexander (kam'bel or kam'el).
A celebrated American Presbyterian divine and
theological writer; born near Ballymena, Ire-
land, Sept. 12, 1788; died at Bethany, W. Va. ,
March 4, 1866. With his father, he founded
the sect of «Campbellites” or “Disciples of
Christ” (about 1827), numbering at the time
of his death over 400,000 communicants; he
founded also, and was the first president of,
Bethany College (1841). He published the
monthly magazine the Christian Baptist (1823-
30), called afterward the Millennial Harbinger
(1830-63). Among his works were : (Christian
System); Popular Lectures and Addresses)
(1862); (Letters to a Sceptic) (1869); etc.
Campbell, Bartley. An American dram-
atist; born in Allegheny City, Pa. , Aug. 12,
1843; died in Middletown, N. Y. , July 30, 1888.
He established the Evening Mail in Pittsburg
(1868); the Southern Magazine in New Orleans
(1869). His first drama that met with success
in New York city was My Partner,' appear-
ing in 1879. Fairfax, or Life in the Sunny
South, and (The Galley Slave,' were on the
metropolitan boards during the same season.
Included in his plays are: (Matrimony); 'The
White Slave); (Siberia); and Paquita. Sev.
eral of his plays were brought out in Eng-
land.
Campbell, Charles. An American historian;
born in Petersburg, Va. , May 1, 1807; died in
Staunton, Va. , July 11, 1876. Among his pub-
lications are: (The Bland Papers) (1840-43);
(An Introduction to the History of the Colony
and Ancient Dominion of Virginia) (1849);
(Genealogy of the Spotswood Family) (1868).
He belonged to the Historical Society of Vir.
ginia; was a contributor of the Historical
(


## p. 91 (#107) #############################################

CAMPBELL-CAMPISTRON
91
(
Register and the Southern Literary Messen-
ger; and editor of the Orderly Book) of
Gen. Andrew Lewis in 1776 (Richmond, 1860).
Campbell, Douglas. An American lawyer
and historical writer, son of W. W. Campbell;
born at Cooperstown, N. Y. , July 13, 1840; died
at Schenectady, N. Y. , March 7, 1893. He prac-
ticed law in New York (1865-90). He wrote
(The Puritan in Holland, England, and Amer-
ica' (1892), considered an authoritative work.
Campbell, George. A Scottish divine and
philosophical writer; born in Aberdeen, Dec.
25, 1719; died there (? ), April 6, 1796. In his
(Dissertation on Miracles) (1762) and Philos-
ophy of Rhetoric) (1776), he shows learning,
ingenuity, and grace.
Campbell, Sir George. An English de-
scriptive writer; born in 1824; died in London,
Feb. 18, 1892. He is best represented by his
(Modern India' (1852); “White and Black in
the United States); and (The British Empire !
(1889).
Campbell, Helen Stuart. An American
sociological writer; born in Lockport, N. Y. ,
July 4. 1839. Her early writings were published
in newspapers and magazines. She has given
close attention to the study of social problems
in such works as (Prisoners of Poverty. From
1881 till 1884 she was literary editor of Our
Continent, Philadelphia. Her style is serious,
witty, and emotional. Among her published
books are: (The Problem of the Poor) (1882);
"The What-to-do Club) (1884); Miss Melin-
da's Opportunity) (1886); and many kindred
ones.
Campbell, John. A British historical writer;
born in Edinburgh, March 8, 1708; died Dec.
28, 1775. His writings before 1742 were pub-
lished anonymously. From 1755 to the close
of his life, he was agent of the British goy.
ernment for the province of Georgia. His
works are in part : "Concise History of Span-
ish America) (1741); Lives of the English
Admirals) (1744); "A Survey of the Present
State of Europe) (1750); and (Trade of Great
Britain to America' (1772).
Campbell, John, Baron. A British legal
biographer; born in Springfield, near Cupar,
Fifeshire, Scotland, Sept. 15, 1779; died in
London, June 23, 1861. He was Lord Chan-
cellor of England (1859-61 ); and wrote : Lives
of the Lord Chancellors) (1845-48) and Lives
of the Chief Justices) (1849-57), both well
known and authoritative works.
Campbell, Sir John Douglas Sutherland.
See Lorne.
Campbell, John Francis. A Scotch folk-
lorist and descriptive writer; born about
1822; died at Cannes, France, February 1885.
His first success was Popular Tales of the
West Highlands) (1860-62), an accurate and
discriminating compilation; to which succeeded
(Frost and Fire! (1865), a volume of semi-
scientific and semi-descriptive miscellany.
Campbell, Loomis J. An American philolo-
gist and writer; born in Oneonta, N. Y. , 1831 ;
died there, Nov. 6, 1896. He was author of a
(United States History, also of the popular
(Franklin Series of school-books; and edited a
(Young Folks' Book of Poetry) and a (Hand:
Book of Synonyms. The degree of LL. D.
was conferred upon him by Hamilton College.
Campbell, Thomas. A celebrated Scottish
poet; born at Glasgow, July 27, 1777; died at
Boulogne, France, June 15, 1844. In 1799 was
published his “Pleasures of Hope, which in
a year reached a fourth edition. (Gertrude of
Wyoming) (1809); (The Exile of Erin); (Ho-
henlinden); Lochiel's Warning); (Ye Mari-
ners of England); and (Battle of the Baltic,
are among his best known poems. *
Campbell, William W. A prominent Amer-
ican lawyer and historical writer; born in New
York State, 1806; died 1881. Settled in N. Y.
city, he was a judge of the State Supreme
Court. He wrote: (Annals of Tryon County)
(reissued as Border Warfare)); Life and
Writings of De Witt Clinton); (Sketches of
Robin Hood and Captain Kidd); etc.
Campbell, William Wilfred. A Canadian
poet; born in Western Ontario, Canada, 1861.
He has published Lake Lyrics) (1889); “The
Dread Voyage) (1893); Mordred, a Tragedy,'
and Hildebrand) (1895), the two latter being
dramas in blank verse; and numerous separate
poems, among them (England) (1897). He is
cited, in the Victorian Anthology, among the
notable poets of Canada. He is at present an
official of the Privy Council of the govern-
ment at Ottawa.
Campe, Joachim Heinrich (käm'pe). A
German lexicographer and writer of juvenile
tales (1746-1818). His educational works were
long widely read and highly esteemed; espe-
cialiy (Robinson the Younger) (1779; 115th ed.
1890), an adaptation of Defoe's (Robinson Cru-
soe,' which was translated into every European
language. Next in popularity came a History
of the Discovery of America) (1781; 26th ed.
1881).
Campion, Thomas. An English poet; born
between 1570 and 1580; died at London, March
I, 1619. He was by profession a medical man.
He wrote a volume of Poems) (1595), being
Latin elegies and epigrams. He published
(1610-12) four (Books of Airs,' containing songs
written by himself to airs of his own compo-
sition: the first book contains (Divine and
Moral Songs); the second Light Conceits of
Lovers); the third and fourth are not dis-
tinguished by any separate sub-title. In his
songs the verse and the music are most hap-
pily wedded. *
Campistron, Jean Galbert de (kon-pēs-
trôn'). A French dramatist (1656-1713), a dis-
ciple and faithful imitator of Racine, and often
called “Racine's ape. His finest tragedies
were (Andronicus) (1685), the dramatized story
of Don Carlos, son of Philip II. of Spain; and
(
a


## p. 92 (#108) #############################################

92
CAMPOAMOR Y CAMPOOSORIO-CANONGE
)
(Tiridates) (1691). A comedy, Jealousy Un-
deceived' (1709), ranks among his best pro-
ductions.
Campoamor y Campoosorio, Don Ramon de
(käm''po-mor'' ē käm-po-sõ're-o). A Spanish
poet and miscellaneous writer; born at Navia in
1817. He is at once one of the most popular
and most prolific of the peninsula's versifiers;
in Moral and Political Fables) and (Colon
his talent is most at home, although Doloras)
(Sorrows), a collection of poems in which he
gives expression to the best in contemporary
Spanish ideals, has attracted most attention.
His stories in verse, (The Good and the Wise)
and Juana's Loves) more particularly, are
deemed by many his masterpieces; but his
plays -- among them Dies Iræ,' a drama-are
not without a claim to that distinction. He
has written, as well, on political and social sub-
jects in sonorous prose.
Camprodon, Francisco (käm-pro-don'). A
Spanish dramatist; born at Vich, Catalonia,
1816; died at Havana, 1870. His masterpiece
is (The Flower of a Day,' written in euphoni-
ous and well-scanned metre, and a drama of
no ordinary merit; a sequel to it, entitled
(Thorns of a Flower,' being published after-
wards.
Cañete, Manuel (kän-yā'te). A Spanish
poet and dramatist; born at Seville, Aug. 6,
1822; died in Madrid, Nov. 4, 1891. A volume
of Poems) first drew popular attention to his
genius, which is strong in lyric compositions
and in odes, but strongest in the drama, as
(A Dispute in Granada) and (The Flower of
Bresalú) denote. His studies in dramatic criti-
cism, especially those of the infancy of the
Spanish theatre, possess a permanent value as
contributions to history, in addition to their
merits as specimens of a correct taste and an
almost faultless style.
Canini, Marco Antonio (kä-nē'nē). An
Italian poet and political agitator (1822-91);
born at Venice. He fled from Italy in 1849
and took refuge in Greece. He published, at
Athens, a volume of poems: Mind, Fancy,
and Heart' (1852). Returning to Italy in 1859,
he edited journals in various cities. He wrote
a novel in verse, (George the Monk and Leila. )
Another collection of his poems, Love and
Sorrow, was published in 1880; he has also
issued (The Book of Love, a volume of trans-
lations of love songs from nearly 150 languages.
Canis, Jean (kä-nē' or kä-nis'). A French
historian; born in Paris, Nov. 20, 1840. His
realistic style, vivid narration, and scholarly
impartiality have attracted special attention to
two of his productions: (The Massacres in
Ireland,' and History of the French Republic
from 1870 to 1883. )
Canivet, Charles Alfred (kä-nē-vā'). A
French journalist, novelist, and poet ; born in
Valognes, Manche, Feb. 10, 1839. His repu-
tation was made by a series of articles in
the Soleil, under the pseudonym of «Jean de
Nivelle)); but in fiction he is well known as
the author of word-pictures of Normandy life,
among them Poor Devils) and “The Organ-
ist's Niece. His "Lost Colonies) is an account
of the French forfeiture of India and of Can-
ada through an impotent foreign policy; and
his best poetry is probably in the collection
Along the Coast.
Canizares, José (kän-yē-thär'es). A Span-
ish dramatist; born in Madrid, July 4, 1676;
died there, Sept. 4, 1750. His precocity, of
which much is made, took the form of dra-
matic composition, in which he excelled at four-
teen; nor was he much older when his (Balance
Sheets (or Accounts) of the Great Captain)
was completed, - a historical play made note-
worthy by one scene of infinite effectiveness.
The Spanish stage owes to him, moreover,
(What Passes from Sceptre to Sceptre); (Eng.
land's Cruelty); and other productions of merit.
Canning, George. An English statesman,
orator, and writer; born in London, April 11,
1770; died at Chiswick, Aug. 8, 1827. A Liberal
in extreme youth, he early joined the Tory
party, distinguished himself as wit and Parlia.
mentary manager, held repeated Cabinet office,
and became Premier in the last year of his
life.
He had grown more Liberal in his later
years, sickened at the stagnant and cruel re-
actionism that followed the panic over the
French Revolution, and assisted the South-
American republics to obtain independence.
His contributions to pure literature were mostly
contained in the short-lived Anti-Jacobin, a
Tory periodical after the fashion of the previous
Whig Rolliad, and full of wit; among them
are (The Needy Knife-Grinder,' and (The
Rovers, which contains (The University of
Gottingen. His speeches, however, are often
genuine literary productions; they were pub-
lished after his death, greatly altered (largely
for the worse) from their for as delivered. *
Cannizzaro, Tommaso (kän-its-är'o). An
Italian poet; born in Messina, Aug. 17, 1838.
The volume of poems styled 'In Solitude)
shows him an idealist, and perhaps symbolist.
He uses the French language with dexterity
and grace in “Thorns and Roses,' another vol.
ume of verse.
Cannon, Charles James. An American
novelist, poet, and dramatist; born in New
York city, Nov. 4, 1800; died there, Nov. 9,
1860. His publications include: (Ravellings
from the Web of Life) (1856); Dramas)
(1857); (The Poet's Quest); (Father Felix, a
Catholic Story); Dolores, a Tragedy); and
(Better Late than Never,' a drama (1852). He
compiled a “Practical English Spelling Book,'
and series of Readers.
Canonge, Jules (kä-nônzh). A French poet;
born in Nîmes, March 20, 1812; died March
14, 1870. His delicate poesy is preserved in
(Preludes) (1835); (Tasso at Sorrento'; and
(Olim (1859); besides other volumes, in addi-
tion to which he turned his attention to legend
and story and produced worthy prose.


## p. 93 (#109) #############################################

CÁNOVAS DEL CASTILLO-CARCANO
93
Cánovas del Castillo, Antonio (kä'nõ-väs
del käs-tēl'yo). A distinguished Spanish states-
man and man of letters; born in Malaga, Feb.
8, 1826; assassinated at the baths of Santa
Aqueda, Aug. 8, 1897. In his 25th year he
was editor of the Conservative journal Patria,
and in 1854 entered the public service as mem-
ber of the Cortes; thereafter he held vari-
ous posts in the government. At his death
he had been for some years prime minister.
He is author of Literary Studies) (2 vols. ,
1868); (History of the Austrian Dominion in
Spain) (1869); Problems of the Time) (2
vols. , 1884); (Studies on the Reign of Philip
IV? (3 vols. , 1888-90). He was editor-in-chief
of a "General History of Spain, consisting of
monographs by sundry writers, of which the
first volume appeared in 1890.
Cano y Masas, Leopoldo (kä'nō ē mäs'äs).
A distinguished Spanish poet and dramatist;
born at Valladolid, Nov. 13, 1844. He graduated
from the Spanish Military Academy at Madrid
(1865), and was appointed professor of analyt.
ical and descriptive geometry there in 1867, re-
tiring in 1885. His first comedy was (Laurels
of a Poet) (1852). His many other plays in-
clude: (The Code of Honor); (Modern Idola.
try); and (The Death of Lucretia. He is the
author of a volume of poems, Arrows.
Cantacuzenus, John (kan''ta-kū-zē'nus).
Emperor of Constantinople; born in the twelfth
century (? ); died after 1355. His (Byzantine
History' is a noted work.
Cantemir or Kantemir, Prince Antiochus
(kan'te-mer). See Kantemir.
Cantoni, Carlo (kän-to'nē). An Italian phi-
losopher; born in Grapello, Pavia, November
1840. For years he has expounded the Kantian
philosophy, attaining an international fame
with his "Lectures on the Human Understand-
ing); “Immanuel Kant); and (The Philosoph-
ical-Literary Faculty in its Relation to Scientific
and National Education.
Cantù, Cesare (kän-to'). An Italian his-
torian; born at Brivio, Lombardy, Dec. 2, 1805;
died near Milan, March 11, 1895. Imprisoned
for political causes in 1833, he employed his
leisure in writing a historical romance, Mar-
gherita Pusterla) (1838), one of the most suc-
cessful of modern Italian romances; it gives a
graphic picture of prison life. He wrote nu-
merous historical and biographical works;
his Universal History) (35 vols. ) has passed
through several editions, and has been trans-
lated into other languages. *
Capecelatro, Alphonse, Cardinal (kä''pe-
chel-at'ro). An Italian Pietist biographer and
controversialist; born in Marseilles, Feb. 5, 1824.
He has won distinction as Italy's leading con-
temporary Church writer, with a (History of
St. Catherine of Siena and of the Papacy of
her Day) (1856); (The Errors of Renan); a
Life of Jesus); and a Life of St. Philip of
Neri) (1882).
Capefigue, Baptiste Honoré Raymond (käp-
fēg'). A French historian and journalist; born
in Marseilles, 1802; died in Paris, Dec. 23, 1872.
His contributions to historical science are the
(History of Philip Augustus (1829); and His-
tory of the Restoration and of the Causes that
Led to the Fall of the Elder Branch of the
House of Bourbon) (1831).
Capen, Nahum (kā'pen). An American his-
torical writer; born at Canton, Mass. , 1804;
died 1886. Postmaster of Boston, Mass. (1857-
61), he introduced street letter-box collections.
He wrote: (The Republic of the United
States); History of Democracy) (1874); etc.
He also wrote and edited works on phrenology.
Capern, Edward. An English poet; born
at Tiverton, Devonshire, Jan. 29, 1819. He at.
tracted the notice of Walter Savage Landor
in consequence of the beauty and feeling of
his poems, mostly descriptive of popular life
and character in his native county, where he
was long in the mail service, and known in
consequence as “The Rural Postman of Bide-
ford. " His best work is in (Wayside Warbles);
"Sungleams and Shadows); and (Ballads and
Songs.
Capponi, Gino, Marchese (käp-o'nē). An
Italian historian and scholar; born in Florence,
Sept. 14, 1792; died there, Feb. 3, 1876. A
(History of the Florentine Republic) (1875) is
his chief work.
Capuana, Luigi (kä-pū-ä'nä). An Italian
poet, novelist, and critic; born at Mineo, Sicily,
May 27, 1839. Having devoted himself to jour-
nalism, he settled (1864) in Florence, where he
wrote dramatic criticisms; from 1868 until 1877
he lived in his native town, then in Milan,
again as a journalist. His best-known work is
(Giacinta) (1879), a naturalistic novel. Besides
this he published several volumes of short
stories, among them: Profiles of Women)
(1881); (Homo) (1883); and two collections of
charming fairy tales: Once upon a Time)
(1882) and Fairy Land” (1883). A curious
specimen of rhythmical prose is his (Semi-
Rhythms) (1888), in praise of worldly joy and
beauty.
Carayon, Auguste (kä-ri-yön or kä-rā-yôn).
A French historian; born at Saumur, March
31, 1813; died at Poitiers, May 15, 1874. A
distinguished Jesuit, he wrote: (First Canadian
Missions of the Jesuits) (1864); (Banishment
of the Jesuits from Louisiana) (1865); and
similar studies.
Carcano, Giulio (kär-kä'no). An Italian
poet (1812-84); born in Milan. He wrote a
narrative poem, Ida Della Torre,' while a
student at Pavia (1834). His next work, (An-
giola Maria) (1839), had extraordinary success;
it is a deeply sympathetic story of Italian fam-
ily life, and is regarded as the highest type of
that class in Italian. In the same vein is the
volume (Simple Narratives' (1843). He wrote
also (Damiano, the Story of a Poor Family)
3


## p. 94 (#110) #############################################

CÁRDENAS Y RODRIGUEZ-CARLETON
94
(
He had pre-
(
(1851), and (Twelve Tales) (1856). He pub-
lished translations of several of Shakespeare's
plays. His latest volume of poetry was (Vari.
ous Poems) (1875). Among his later novels
are (Gabrio and Camilla, a Milanese Story)
(1874); and “Carlo Barbiano) (1882).
Cárdenas y Rodriguez, José M. de (kär'dā.
näs ē rõ-drē'ges). A Cuban poet and prose-
writer; born at Matanzas in 1812; died in
1882. Many of his humorous sketches of Cuban
life have been translated into French and pub-
lished in the Revue des Deux Mondes. Be-
sides a good comedy, (A Deaf Uncle,' he has
written a collection of fables, some of which
have been translated into English; and numer-
ous poems.
Cárdenas y Rodriguez, Nicolás de. A
Cuban poet and novelist; born in Havana,
1814; died in 1868. His works comprise :
(Poetical Essays) (1836); (Scenes from Life
in Cuba) (1841); (The Two Weddings,' a
novel (1844); Diego de Velazquez,' a drama.
He was also a regular contributor to periodi-
cals.
Carducci, Giosuè (kär-dö'chi). A distin-
guished Italian poet and philologist; born at
Valdicastello, Tuscany, July 27, 1836. He was
made professor of Italian literature in the
University of Bologna in 1860.
viously written essays on the history of lit-
erature; and a small volume of lyrics, (Rimes,'
(1857). But his poetical genius is better shown
in the collections of his fugitive pieces pub-
lished a little later: Serious Trifies) and
(The Decennials. His Hymn to Satan)
(1863), published under the pseudonym "Eno-
trio Romano,' made an extraordinary impression,
and was formally defended in (Satan and Sa.
tanic Polemics) (1879). The breadth and range
of his genius, as well as his mastery of poetic
form, are seen in the Poems of Enotrio Ro-
mano) (1871); New Poems) (1873); “Iambics
and Epodes) (1882); New Rimes) (1887). *
Carew, Thomas. An English poet (about
1598-1639). He stood high in favor with Charles
I. , and was an intimate friend of the greatest
poets and scholars of his time in England, in-
cluding Ben Jonson, Sir John Suckling, and
Sir Kenelm Digby. His poems are light and
airy, sometimes licentious, always graceful and
elegant in form. They are mostly songs or
odes; he also wrote (Coelum Britannicum, a
masque performed at Whitehall (1633), with
Charles I. and his courtiers in the cast.
Carey, Henry. An English poet and play-
wright; born about 1696; died in London (? ),
1743. As the author of (Sally in our Alley)
his claim to the notice of posterity is a strong
one, and Namby Pamby) is another of his
good songs. His farces, among them (Hang-
ing and Marriage, are not so lively.
Carey, Henry Charles. A leading American
economist; born in Philadelphia, Dec. 15, 1793;
died there, Oct. 13, 1879. Trained in his father's
publishing-house, he accumulated a competence
from the business and retired to devote himself
to study. The 'Essay on the Rate of Wages)
(1836) and (The Principles of Political Econ-
omy) (1837-40) won him an authoritative inter-
national position, in spite of what was then an
extravagantly unorthodox opposition to Adam
Smith and his followers. He next produced :
(The Credit System in France, Great Britain,
and the United States) (1838); (The Past, The
Present, and The Future) (1848); and (The
Principles of Social Science) (1858-59).
Carey, Mathew. An American publisher
and prose-writer; born in Ireland, Jan. 28, 1760;
died in Philadelphia, Pa. , Sept. 16, 1839. The
best known of his political writings was his
(Olive Branch) (1814). It was an effort to
promote harmony among political parties dur-
ing the War of 1812. It passed through ten
editions. In 1819 he published his "Vindiciæ
Hibernicæ); and in 1822, Essays on Political
Economy.
Carlén, Emilia Flygare. (fe-gär'ë-kär-lān').
A Swedish novelist; born at Strömstad, Aug.
8, 1807; died at Stockholm, Feb. 5, 1892. Her
first story was Waldemar Klein (1838). A
long series of novels followed, most notable
among them being : (Gustav Lindorm' (1839);
(The Professor) (1840); (Chamberlain Lass-
mann (1842); (A Warehouse on the Cliffs)
(1860), her best story. Her latest work was
(Reminiscences of Swedish Literary Life) (1878).
She had clear insight into the conditions of
human life, especially of life in the middle
class, and she describes it with admirable fidel-
ity. *
Carlén, Rosa (kär-lān'). A Swedish novelist
(1836-83). Her first story, 'Agnes Tell (1861),
had a very favorable reception. Then fol-
lowed : “Tuva) (1862); Helena, a Woman's
History) (1863); (Three Years and Three
Days) (1864); (The Gypsy's Son (1866), which
is regarded as her most perfect work.
Carleton, Henry Guy. An American jour.
nalist and dramatist; born in Fort Union,
N. Mex. , June 21, 1855. He pursued journalism
in New Orleans and New York city, and has
written several plays, including : Memnon, a
Tragedy); “Victor Durand” (presented 1884);
and (The Pembertons) (presented 1890).
Carleton, Will. An American poet; born
in Hudson, Mich. , Oct. 21, 1845. He is best
known in literature by his ballads of home life,
many of them having gained great popularity.
His books include: Poems) (1871); Farm
Legends) (1875); (City Ballads) (1888); and
(City Legends) (1889).
Carleton, William. An Irish novelist; born
in Prillisk, County Tyrone, 1794 ; died in Dub-
lin, Jan. 30, 1869. His intimate acquaintance
with the traits and tendencies of Irish peas-
ant character, and his harmless, graceful, and
unwearying humor, were conspicuous in his
first success, (Traits and Stories of the Irish
Peasantry. Then came: Willy Reilly);
(The Fair of Emyvale); (Fardorougha the
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CARLSON-CARRERA
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3
Miser); and several other novels of great power,
in which much that seems anomalous in the
manners and methods of the author's country-
men is made clear through the medium of a
happy style and a realistic humor.
Carlson, Fredrik Ferdinand (kärl'son). A
Swedish historian; born in Upland, June 13,
1811; died in Stockholm, March 18, 1887. He
was prominent in public affairs for many years,
and wrote, among other works, a “History of
Sweden (1855-87), which ranks high because
of its exhaustive accuracy and literary merit.
Carlyle, Jane Welsh. Wife of Thomas Car.
lyle; born at Haddington, Scotland, July 14,
1801; died in London, April 21, 1866. Her
(Letters,' edited by her husband, were pub-
lished in 1883, the work being given to the
world by J. A. Froude.
Carlyle, Thomas. A Scotch biographer,
historian, and miscellaneous writer; born at
Ecclefechan, Dec. 4, 1795; died in London,
Feb. 4, 1881. His works, as published, are :
Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship,' a transla-
tion (1824); "Legendre's Elements of Geometry
and Trigonometry,' a translation (1824); Life
of Schiller) (1825); “German Romance, trans-
lations from Tieck, Musäus, Richter, etc. (1827);
(Sartor Resartus) (first edition in book form,
Boston, 1835; second, London, 1838); (The
French Revolution) (1837); (Chartism) (1839);
(Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in His-
tory' (1841); "Past and Present) (1843); Life
and Letters of Oliver Cromwell (1845); (Lat-
ter-Day Pamphlets) (1850); Life of Sterling)
(1851); Friedrich II. (1858–65); (Inaugural
Address at Edinburgh) (1866); (Reminiscences
of my Irish Journey in 1849' (1882); Last
Words of Thomas Carlyle) (1882). He wrote
also innumerable magazine articles, still uncol-
lected. *
Carman, Bliss. A Canadian poet; born
at Fredericton, N. B. , April 15, 1861.