No More Learning

33 ; Nep. Chab.
H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19; Ibid, § 17 ; Paus. i. 23. S1), it is evident that that oration must have been
7, v. 22. $ 3 ; Polemon, ap. Ath. xi. p. 486, d ; delivered after the year B. c. 377. [L. S. )
Suid. s. v. ; respecting the true reading of the second LYCOME'DES (Auroundns). 1. A king of
passage of Pliny, see Hegesias, p. 368, b. ) Pliny the Dolopians, in the island of Scyros, near Eu-
mentions as his works a group of the Argonauts, boea, father of Deidameia, and grand father of Pyr-
and a boy blowing up an expiring flame : “a work rhus or Neoptolemus. (Apollod. iii. 13. 8 8. ) Once
worthy of his teacher. " Ai the erd of the same when Theseus came to him, Lycomedes, dreading
section Pliny adds, “Lycius (for so the best the influence of the stranger upon his own subiects,
MSS. rend, not Lycus) et ipse puerum suffitorem,” | thrust him down a rock. Some related that the
which we take to be obviously an after insertion, cause of this violence was, that Lycomedes would
made with Pliny's frequent carelessness, and de- not give up the estates which Theseus had in
scribing nothing else than the “puerum sufflantem" | Scyros, or the circumstance that Lycomedes wanted
mentioned by him above. Pausanias states that to gain the favour of Menestheus. (Plut. Thes. 35 ;
he saw in the Acropolis at Athens a bronze statue Paus. i. 17, in fin. ; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 1324 ;
by Lycius, of a boy holding a sprinkling vessel Soph. Phil. 243; Apollod. iii. 13. )
(tepippavtýpov). Pausanias (v. 22. $ 2) also men- 2. A son of Creon, one of the Greek warriors at
tions a group by Lycius, which is exceedingly in. Troy (Hom. Il. ix. 8+); he was represented as a
teresting as a specimen of the arrangement of the wounded man by Polygnotus in the Lesche at
figures in a great work of statuary of the best Delphi. (Paus. 1. 25. § 2. )
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846
LYCOMEDES.
LYCON.
3. A son of A pollo and Parthenope (Paus. vii. involving a breach of their connection with Sparta;
4. & 2. )
[L. S. ) but they afterwards consented to it on the ground
LYCOME'DES (Nukouhons). 1. An Athenian, that it was as much for the advantage of Lacedae
bon of Aeschreas, was the first Greek who captured mon as of Athens that Arcadia should be indepen-
a Persian ship at Artemisium, in B. C. 480, on dent of Thebes. Lycomedes, on his return by sea
which occasion he gained the prize of valour. (Her. from Athens, desired to be put on shore at a ceruin
viii. 11. ) He was perhaps the same as the father portion of the Peloponnesian const, where there
of the Athenian general Archestratus, mentioned happened to be collected a number of Arcadian
by Thucydides (i. 57). Lycomedes was also the exiles; and by these he was murdered. (Xen. Ilell.
name of the father of Cleomedes, one of the Athe- vii. 4. $S 2, 3. ) [CALLISTRATU'S, No. 3. )
nian commanders against Melos in B. C. 416. (Thuc. 3. A Rhodian, was appointed to command the
v. 84. )
Persian garrison placed in Mytilene by Autophra-
2. A Mantinean, according to Xenophon and dates and the younger Pharnabazus, in B. c. 333.
Pausanias, wealthy, high-born, and ambitious. In the ensuing year the Persian garrisons were
Diodorus calls him in one passage a Tegean ; but dislodged from the islands in the Aegnean by
there can be no question (though Wesseling would Alexander's officer, Hegelochus. (Arr. Anal. ii.
raise one) of the identity of this Lycomedes with 1, iii. 2 ; Curt. iv. 5. )
the Arcadian general whom he elsewhere speaks 4. Priest of the goddess Enyo or Bellona at
of as a Mantinean. (Xen. IIell. vii. 1. $ 23; Paus. Coman, and sovereign, therefore, of the surround-
viii. 27 ; Diod. xv. 59, 62 ; Wess. ad Diod. xv. ing country. He was an adherent of Antony, and
59 ; Schneider, au I'en. llell. vi. 5. $ 3. ) We first was deposed by Augustus after the battle of Ac-
hear of him as one of the chief founders of Mega- tium, B. C. 30. (Strab. xii. p. 558 ; Dion Cass. li.
lopolis in B. c. 370, and Diodorus (xv. 59. ) tells us 2 ; comp. App. Mithr. 114. )
[E. E. ]
that he was the author of the plan, though the LYCON (Aúkww), the name of two mythical
words of Pausanias (viii. 27, ix. 14. ) would seem personages, one, a son of Hippocoon, was killed by
to ascribe the origination of it to Epaminondas. Heracles (Apollod. iii. 10. $ 5; Hippocoon), and
(Comp. Arist. Pol. ii. 2, ed. Bekk. ; Xen. Hell. vi. the other a Trojan. (Hom. Il. xvi. 335. ) (L. S. ]
5. § 6, &c. ) In B. c. 369 Lycomedes was general LYCON (Auswv), historical. 1. An orator
of the Arcadians and defeated, near Orchomenus, and demagogue at Athens, was one of the three
the forces of the Lacedaemonians under Polytropus. accusers of Socrates and prepared the case against
(Xen. Hell. vi. 5. § 14 ; Diod. xv. 62. ) In the him. According to Stallbaum, Lycon was one of
following year we find symptoms of a rising jea- the ten regular advocates (ouvyopoi) employed
lousy towards Thebes on the part of the Arcadians, by the state to conduct public prosecutions ;
owing in great measure to the suggestions and ex- but there seems to be no authority for this state-
hortations of Lycomedes, who reminded his coun- ment. When the Athenians repented of their
trymen of their ancient descent as the children of condemnation of Socrates, they put Melitus to
the soil, of their numbers, their high military qua- death and banished Anytus and Lycon. (Plat.
lifications, and of the fact that their support was Apol. p. 23, e ; Stallb. ad loc. ; Ding. Laërt. ii.
quite as important to Thebes as it had been to 38, 39, 43 ; Menag. ad loc. ) The Lycon, who is
Lacedaemon ; and it is possible that the spirit thus mentioned by Aristophanes (Vesp.
1301) as a
roused and fostered in Arcadia may have shortened drunken brawler, has been identified by some with
the stay of Epaminondas in the Peloponnesus on the accuser of Socrates (Stallb. l. c. ; Kühner, and
this his second invasion of it. The vigour exhibited | Xen. Mem. i. 1. $ 1); and, if we may believe the
in consequence by the Arcadians under Lycomedes scholiast on Plato (Apol. l. c. ), the latter was also
and the successes they met with are mentioned by the same person as the husband of the notoriously
Xenophon and Diodorus, the latter of whom how- profligate Rhodia, satirized by Eupolis. From the
ever places these events a year too soon. Thus it same authority we learn that he was an Ionian by
was in B. c. 369, according to him, that Lycomedes descent, belonged to the demus of Thoricus, and
marched against Pellene in Laconia, and, having was noted for his poverty by Cratinus in the Autim,
taken it, made slaves of the inhabitants and ravaged |(Arist. Lysistr. 270 ; Schol. ad loc. ; Schn. Praef.
the country. (Xen. Hell. vii
. 1. $$ 23, &c. ; Diod. ad Xen. Anab. p. xxxii ; Meineke, Fragm. Com.
xv. 67 ; Wess. ad loc. ) The same spirit of inde Graec. vol. i. p. 117, ii. pp. 131, 441, 442, 515,
pendence was again manifested by Lycomedes in 535. )
B. C. 367, at the congress held at Thebes after the 2. A Syracusan, who, when the Zacynthian
return of the Greek envoys from Susa ; for when assassins had entered the house of Dion unarmed,
the rescript of Artaxerxes II. (in every way favour- and were in want of a weapon to despatch him,
able to Thebes) had been read, and the Thebans handed a dagger to one of them through the win-
required the deputies of the other states to swear dow, B. C. 353. (Plut. Dion, 57 ; Diod. xvi. 31;
compliance with it, Lycomedes declared that the Com. Nep. Dion, 9. )
congress ought not to have been assembled at 3. An admiral of Antigonus, king of Asia, was
Thebes at all, but wherever the war was. To this sent by him, in B. C. 313, to the aid of Callatia in
the Thebans answered angrily that he was intro- Moesia, against Lysimachus, from whom it had
ducing discord to the destruction of the alliance, revolted, and who was besieging it. Lycon, how-
and Lycomedes then withdrew from the congress ever, appears to have effected nothing. (Diod. xix.
with his colleagues. (Xen. Hell. vii. 1. $ 39. ) In 73. )
B. C. 366, the loss of Oropus having exasperated 4. Of Scarphea, a comic actor, who, while per-
the Athenians against their allies, who had with forming on one occasion before Alexander the
held their aid when it was most needed, Lycomedes Great, inserted in a speech of the comedy a line
took advantage of the feeling to propose an alliance asking the king for ten talents. Alexander laughed
between Athens and Arcadia. The proposal was and gave them to him. (Plut. Alex. 29, de Aler.
at first unfavourably received by the Athenians, as Fort. ii. 2 ; Athen. xii. p. 539, a. ) The Lycon,


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LYCOPHRON.
847
LYCOPHRON.
whose convivial qualities are extolled in his epitaph | Periander, her father Procles, tyrant of Epidaurus,
by Phalaecus, was probably the same person ; and asked her two sons, while staying at his court, if
perhaps also the play of Antiphanes, called “Ly- they knew who had slain their mother. This
con," had reference to him. (Anth. Grucc. vol. i. rankled in the mind of Lycophron, and, on bis re-
p. 210, vii. p. 246, ed. Jacobs; Meineke, Fragm. turn to Corinth, he refused to hold any communi-
Com. Gracc. vol. i. p. 327, iï. p. 80. ) [E. E. ] cation with his father. Periander drove him from
LYCON (Aúkwv), literary. 1. A Pythagorean his house, and forbade any one to receive him or
philosopher. (lanıblich. Vit. Pyth. 36. )
address him under the penalty of the confiscation
2. Of Iasos, wrote upon Pythagoras. (Ath. ii. of a certain sum to the service of Apollo ; but the
p. 47, a, p. 69, c. , X. 418, f. ; Diog. Laërt. v. 69. ) misery to which he was thus reduced had no effect
it is not clear whether he was the same person as on Lycophron's resolution, and even his father's
the Pythagorean mentioned by Eusebius (Praep. cntrcaties, that he would recede from his obstinacy
Erang. xv. 2), as a contemporary and a calum- and return home, called forth from him only the
niator of Aristotle.
remark that Periander, by speaking to him, had
3. Of Troas, a distinguished Peripatetic philo- subjected himself to the threatened penalty. Peri-
sopher, who was the son of Astyanax, and the ander then sent him away to Corcyra ; but, when
disciple of Straton, whom he succeeded as the head he was himself advanced in years, he summoned
of the Peripatetic school, in the 127th Olympiad, i him back to Corinth to succeed to the tyranny,
B. C. 272 ; and he held that post for more than seeing that Cypselus, his elder son, was unfit to
forty-four years. He resided at Pergamus, under hold it from deficiency of understanding. The
the patronage of Attalus and Eumenes, from whom summons was disregarded, and, notwithstanding a
Antigonus Gonatas of Macedonia in vain sought second message to the same effect, conveyed by
to entice him (the old reading in the text of Lycophron's sister, and backed by her earnest en-
Laërtius was Antiochus). On several occasions treaties, he persisted in refusing to return to
his counsel was of great service to the Athenians. Corinth as long as his father was there. Periander
He was celebrated for his eloquence (comp. Cic. then offered to withdraw to Corcyra, if Lycophron
de Fin. v. 5), and for his skill in educating boys. would come home and take the government. To
He paid great attention to the body as well as to this he assented; but the Corcyraeans, not wishing
the niind, and, constantly practising athletic exer- to have Periander among them, put Lycophron to
cises, was exceedingly healthy and robust. Never- death, probably about B. c. 586. (Herod. iii. 50
theless, he died of gout at the age of 74. He was -53; Diog. Laërt. i. 94, 95 ; comp. Paus. ii.
a bitter rival of Hieronymus the peripatetic. 28. )
Among the writings of Lycon was probably a 2. A Corinthian general, was slain in a battle
work on Characters (similar to the work of Theo with the Athenians, who had made a descent on
phrastus), a fragment of which is preserved by the Corinthian coast, under Nicias, in B. C. 425.
Rutilius Lupus (de Fig. ii. 7), though the title of (Thuc. iv. 43, 44 ; Plut. Nic. 6. )
the book is not mentioned by any ancient writer. 3. An Athenian, son of one Lycurgus, and father
It appears from Cicero (Tusc. Disp. iii. 32) and of Lycurgus the orator. The language of the author
Clement of Alexandria (Strom. ii. p. 497), that he of the Lives of the Ten Orators is such as to leave
wrote on the boundaries of good and evil (De it doubtful whether it was Lycophron or his father
Finibus). A work of his on the nature of animals Lycurgus who was put to death by the thirty
is quoted by Appuleius (A pol. p. 42). In his will, tyrants. (Paus. i. 29 ; Pseudo-Plut. Vit. X. Orai.
as preserved by Diogenes Laërtius, there is a re- Lyc. ad init. ; Clint. F. H.