Augustinus
who
and watched the Romans as they sailed away (Einend.
and watched the Romans as they sailed away (Einend.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
s.
v.
Kapveios.
) Several other Sulla in B.
C.
83, immediately after his arrival in
attempts to explain the name are given in Pausa- Italy. In the year after, B. c. 82, Carrinas was
pias and the Scholiast on Theocritus. It is evident, legate of the consul Cn. Papirius Carbo (CARBO,
however, that the worship of the Carneian Apollo No. 7. ), and fought a battle on the river Aesis
, in
was very ancient, and was probably established in Umbria, against Metellus, in which however he was
Peloponnesus even before the Dorian conquest. beaten. He was attacked soon after in the neigh-
Respecting the festival of the Carneia see Dict
. of bourhood of Spoletium, by Pompey and Crassus,
Ant. s. v. Kápvela,
[L. S. ] two of Sulla’s generals, and after a loss of nearly
CARNEIUS (Kapveios), a Cynic philosopher, 3000 men, he was besieged by the enemy, but
who is surnamed Cynulcus (Kúvovanos), that is, found means to escape during a dark and stormy
the leader of dogs or Cynics, or, in other words, night. After Carbo had quitted Italy, Carrinas
the leader and teacher of Cynic philosophers. He and Marcius continued to command two legions ;
was a native of Megara, but nothing further is and after joining Damasippus and the Samnites,
known of him. (Athen. iv. p. 156. ) [L. S. ] who were still in arms, they marched towards the
CARNU'LIÙS, was accused, in the reign of passes of Praeneste, hoping to force their way
Tiberius, of some crime not now known, and put through them and relieve Marius, who was still
an end to his own life to escape the cruel tortures besieged in that town. But when this attempt
inflicted by Tiberius upon other victims. When failed, they set out against Rome, which they
Tiberius heard of his death, he was grieved at hoped to conquer without difficulty, on account of
losing an opportunity of killing a man in his own its want of provisions. They encamped in the
way, and exclaimed Carnulius me erasit. (Suet, neighbourhood of Alba. Sulla, however, hastened
Tib. 61. )
[L. S. ] after them, and pitched his camp near the Colline
CARPA'THIUS, JOANNES ('Iwávvns Kap gate. A fearful battle was fought here, which
nállos), a bishop of the island of Carpathos, of un-began in the evening and lasted the whole night,
certain date. Ai the request of the monks of India until at last Sulla took the camp of the enemy.
he wrote to them a consolatory work in 100 chap Carrinas and the other leaders took to flight, but
ters, entitled προς τους από της Ινδίας προτρέψαντας | he and Marcius were overtaken, and put το death
uova xous TapakantiKÓv. (Phot. Cod 201. ) This by command of Sulla. Their beads were cut off
work is still extant, and a Latin translation of it and sent to Praeneste, where they were carried
by J. Pontanus is printed at the end of his “ Diop round the walls to inform Marius of the destruc-
trae Philippi Solitarii,” Ingolstadt, 1654, 4to. , tion of his friends. (Appian, B. C. i. 87, 90, 92,
and in the “ Bibliotheca Patrum,” xii. p. 535, &c. , 93; Plut. Pomp. 7; Oros. v. 21 ; Eutrop. v. 8. )
The Greek original, as well as some other ascetic 2. C. CARRINAS, a son of No. 1, was sent by
works of his, are still extant in MS. (Fabric. Caesar, in B. C. 45, into Spain against Sext. Pom-
Bibl. Graec. x. p. 738, &c. , xi. p. 173. ) (L. S. ] peius, but as he did not accomplish anything, he
CARPA'THIUS PHILO. [Philo. ]
was superseded by Asinius Pollio. In 43, after
CARPHY'LLIDES (Kappuations), a Greek the establishment of the triumvirate, Carrinas was
poet, of whom there are extant two elegant epi- appointed consul for the remainder of the year,
grams in the Greek Anthology. (vii. 260, ix. 52. ) together with P. Ventidius. Two years later,
The name of the author of the second epigram is B. C. 41, he received from Octavianus the admi-
sometimes written Carpyllides; but whether this nistration of the province of Spain, where he bad
is a mere mistake, or whether Carpyllides is a dif- to carry on war with the Mauretanian Bocchus.
ferent person from Carphyllides, cannot be ascer- In 36, he was sent with three legions against Sext
tained.
(L. S. ]
Pompeius in Sicily; and about 31, we find him
L. CARPINA'TIUS, the pro-magister or de as proconsul in Gaul, where he was successful
## p. 616 (#636) ############################################
616
CARTHALO.
CARTIMANDUA.
>
war.
against the Morini and other tribes, and drove the | Hannibal, after the battle of Cannae, in B. c. 216,
Suevi across the Rhine back into Germany. For sent to Rome with ten of the Roman prisoners to
those exploits he was honoured with a triumph in negotiate the ransom of the prisoners, and to treat
29. (Appian, B. C. ir. 83, v. 26, 112; Dion about pcace. But when Carthalo approached
Cass. xlvii. 15, li. 21, 22. )
Rome, a lictor was sent out to bid hiin quit the
3. Carrinas, whom Cicero speaks of in B. c. Roman territory before sunset. In B. C. 208,
45, as an unpleasant person, who visited him in when Tarentum was re-conquered by the Ro-
his Tusculanum. (Cic. ad Att. xiii. 33. )
mans, Carthalo was commander of the Cartha-
4. CARRINAS SECUNDUS, a rhetorician of the ginian garrison there. He laid down his arms,
time of Caligula, by whom he was expelled from and as he was going to the consul to sue for mer-
Rome for having, by way of exercise, declaimed cy, he was killed by a Roman soldier. (Liv. xxii.
against tyrants on one occasion. (Dion Cass. lix. 15, 58, xxvii. 16; Appian, de Bell. Annit. 49;
20; Juven. vii. 204. ) He is probably the same Dion Cass. Fragm. 152, ed. Reimar. )
as the Secundus Carinas whom Nero, in B. C. 65, 3. One of the two leaders of the popular party
sent to Asia and Achaia to plunder those coun- at Carthage after the close of the second Punic
tries, and carry the statues of the gods from thence He held an office which Appian calls boe-
to Rome. (Tacit. Ann. xv. 45. ) (L. S. ] tharchus, and which seems to have been a sort of
CARSIGNATUS (Kapolyvatos), a Galatian ( tribuneship ; and while in his official capacity he
prince, who was at one time allied with Pharnaces. was travelling through the country, he attacked
When the latter threatened to invade Galatia, and some of the subjects of Masinissa, who had
Carsignatus had in vain endeavoured to maintain pitched their tents on controverted ground. He
peace, he and another Galatian, Gaezotoris, marched killed several of them, made some booty, and ex-
against him, but the war was prevented by a Ro cited the Africans against the Numidians. These
man embassy. (Polyb. xxv. 4. ) [L. S. ] and other acts of hostility between the Cartha-
CARSULEIUS. [CARFULENUS. ]
ginians and Masinissa cailed for the interference
L. CARTEIUS, a friend of c. Cassius, who of the Romans, who however rather fostered the
was with him in Syria in B. C. 43. (Cass. ap. Cic. hostile feeling, than allayed it. The result was an
ad Fam. xii. 11. )
open war between the Carthaginians and Masi-
CA'RTHALÓ (Kaplánwv). 1. A commander nissa. When at length the Romans began to
of the Carthaginian fleet in the first Punic war, make preparations for the third Punic war, the
who was sent by his colleague Adherbal, in B. C. Carthaginians endeavoured to conciliate the Ro-
249, to burn the Roman fleet, which was riding mans by condemning to death the authors of the
at anchor off Lilybaeum. While Carthalo was war with Masinissa ; and Carthalo was accordingly
engaged in this enterprise, Himilco, the governor executed. (Appian, de Bell. Pun. 63, 74. ) [L. S. )
of Lily baeum, who perceived that the Roman CARTI'LIUS, an early Roman jurist, who
army on land was anxious to afford their support probably lived not later than the time of Caligula,
to the fleet, sent out his mercenaries against the as in Dig. 28, tit. 5, s. 69, he is cited by Proculus,
Roman troops, and Carthalo endeavoured to draw who adopts his opinion in the case in question in
the Roman fleet into an engagement. The latter, preference to that of Trebatius. The case was
however, withdrew to a town on the coast and this-Let A or B, whichever wishes, be my heir.
prepared themselves for defence. Carthalo was They both wish. Cartilius says, Both take: Tre-
repulsed with some loss, and after having taken a batius, Neither. In Dig. 13, tit. 6, s. 5, $ 13, he
few transports, he retreated to the nearest river, is cited by Ulpian. It was Ant.
Augustinus who
and watched the Romans as they sailed away (Einend. 3, 9) first brought these passages into
from the coast. When the consul L. Junius Pul- notice, and rescued the name of Cartilius from ob-
lus, on his return from Syracuse, bad doubled livion. In the former passage the Haloandrine edi-
Pachynum, he ordered his feet to sail towards tions of the Digest have Carfilius, and, in the
Lilybaeum, not knowing what had happened to latter, an early corrector of the Florentine manu-
those whom he had sent before him. Carthalo script, not being familiar with the name Cartilius,
informed of his approach, immediately sailed out enclosed it in brackets as a mark of condeinnation.
against bim, in order to meet him before he could The jurist Cartilius is evidently different from
join the other part of the fleet. Pullus fied for the Catilius, not Cartilius Severus, who was prae-
refuge to a rocky and dangerous part of the sea, positus Syriae, praefectus urbi, and great-grand-
where Carthalo did not venture to attack him ; father of the emperor M. Antoninus. (Plin. En.
but he took his station at a place between the i. 22 ; ii. 12 ; Spart. Hadr. 5, 15, 22 ; Capitol.
two Roman fleets to watch them and prerent their Anton. Pius 2 ; M. Ant. 1 ; Dion Cass. ix. 21. ) The
joining. Soon after a fearful storm arose which name of this Catilius appears in the Fasti, A. D.
destroyed the whole of the Roman fleet, while the | 121, as consul for the second time, three years after
Carthaginians, who were better sailors, had sought the death of Trajan. His first consulate does not
a safe place of refuge before the storm broke out. appear in the Fasti, and therefore it may be in-
(Polyb. i. 53, 54. )
ferred that he was consul suffectus. If the rescript
2. The Carthaginian commander of the cavalry of Trajan, cited Dig. 29, tit. 1, s. 24, were ad-
in the army of Hannibal. In B. c. 217, he fought dressed, according to the Haloandrine reading, to
against L. Hostilius Mancinus, in the neighbour- Catilius Severus, it is probably referable to the
hood of Casilinum, and put him to flight. The time of the proconsulate succeeding his first consul-
Romans, under Mancinus, who were merely a re- ship. (Bertrandus, 2, 22, 1. Maiansius, ii. p.
connoitering band which had been sent out by 273--287. )
[J. T. G. )
the dictator, Q. Fabius, at last resolved to make CARTIMANDUA, or CARTISMANDUA,
a stand against the enemy, but nearly all of them queen of the Brigantes in Britain, about A. D. 50,
were cut to pieces. This Carthalo' is probably in which year she treacherously delivered up to
the noble Carthaginian of the same name, whom the Romans Caractacus, who had come to seek her
## p. 617 (#637) ############################################
CARUS.
617
CARUS.
The
a
TESTER
protection. By this act of treachery towards her of the troops was confirmed by the senate. The
own countrymen, she won the favour of the Ro- new ruler, soon after his accession, gained a victory
mans, and increased her power. Hence, says over the Sarmatians, who had invaded Illyricum
Tacitus, arose wealth and luxury, and Cartimandua and were threatening Thrace and even Italy itself.
repudiated her own husband Venutius to share her Having conferred the title of Caesar upon both his
bed and throne with Vellocatus, the arm-bearer of her sons, he nominated Carinus, the elder, governor of
husband. This threw her state into a civil war, a all the Western provinces, and, accompanied by
portion of her people supporting Venutius against the Numerianus, the younger, set out upon an expedi-
adulterer. Venutius collected an army of auxiliaries, tion against the Persians which had been planned
defeated the Brigantes, and reduced Cartimandua by his predecessor. The campaign which followed
to the last extremity. She solicited the aid of the was most glorious for the Roman arms.
Romans, who rescued her from her danger; but enemy, distracted by internal dissensions, were
Venutius remained in possession of her kingdom, unable to oppose a vigorous resistance to the in-
A. D. 69. (Tac. Ann. xii. 36, 49, Hist. iii. 45. ) [L. S. ] vaders. All Mesopotamia was quickly occupied,
CARVI'LIA GENS, plebeian, came into dis- -Seleucia and Ctesiphon were forced to yield.
tinction during the Samnite wars. The first mem- But the career of Carus, who was preparing to
ber of the gens who obtained the consulship was push his conquests beyond the Tigris, was suddenly
Sp. Carvilius in B. c. 293, who received the sur-cut short, for he perished by disease, or treachery,
name of MAXIMUS, which was handed down as a or, as the ancient historians commonly report, by
regular family-name. For those whose cognomen a stroke of lightning, towards the close of 283,
is not mentioned, see CARVILIUS.
after a reign of little more than sixteen months.
The following coin is referred to this gens, and The account of his death, transmitted by his secre-
the three names upon it, Car. OgVL. Ver. , are tary Junius Calphurnius to the praefect of the
those of three triumvirs of the mint.
city, is so confused and mysterious that we can
scarcely avoid the surmise that his end was has-
tened by foul play, and suspicion has rested upon
Arrius Aper, who was afterwards put to death by
Diocletian on the charge of having murdered Nu-
merianus.
CAR.
According to the picture drawn by the Augustan
historian, Carus held a middle rank between those
preeminent in virtue or in vice, being neither very
bad nor very good, but rather good than bad.
CARVI’LIUS. 1. and 2. L. CARVILIUS and His character undoubtedly stood high before his
SP. CARVILIUS, tribunes of the plebs B. C. 212, elevation to the throne: no credit is to be attached
accused M. Postumius. [POSTUMIUS. ) (Liv. xxv. 3. ) to the rumour that he was accessary to the death
3. Sp. CARVILIUS, was sent by Cn. Şicinius to of his benefactor, Probus, whose murderers he
Rome in B. c. 171, when Perseus despatched an sought out and punished with the sternest justice,
embassy to the senate. When the senate ordered and the short period of his sway was unstained
the ambassadors to quit Italy within eleven days, by any great crime. But the atrocities of Carinus
Carvilius was appointed to keep watch over them, threw a shade over the memory of his father,
till they embarked on board their ships. (Liv. xlii. whom men could not forgive for having bequeathed
36. )
his power to such a son. (Vopisc. Carus; Aurel.
4. C. CARVILIUS of Spoletium, negotiated on Vict. Caes. xxxviii. , Epit. xxxviii. ; Zonar. xii. 30 ;
behalf of the Roman garrison the surrender of Eutrop. ix. 12. )
(W. R. ]
Uscana, a town of the Penestae, to Perseus in B. C.
169. (Liv. xliii. 18, 19. )
CAÐUS, a Roman poet, and a contemporary of
Ovid, who appears to have written a poem on
Hercules. (Ovid, Epist. ex Pont. iv. 16. 7. )
CARUS, M. AURELIUS, according to Victor,
whose account is confirmed by Sidonius Apolli-
naris and Zonaras, was a native of Narbonne in
Gaul; but Vopiscus professes to be unable to speak
with certainty either of his lineage or birth-place,
and quotes the conflicting statements of older CARUS, JU'LIUS, one of the murderers of T.
authorities, who variously represented that he was Vinius when Galba was put to death in a. D. 69.
born at Milan; or in Illyria, of Carthaginian ances- (Tac. Hist. i. 42. )
tors; or in the metropolis, of Illyrian parents. He CARUS, ME'TIUS, one of the most infamous
himself undoubtedly claimed Roman descent, as informers under Domitian. (Tac. Agric. 45; Juv.
appears from a letter addressed by him when pro- i. 36 ; Martial, xii. 25; Plin. Ep. i. 5, vii. 19, 27. )
consul of Cilicia to his legate Junius, but this is CA'RUS, SEIUS, son of Fascianus, at one
not inconsistent with the supposition that he may time praefectus urbi, was put to death by Elaga-
have belonged to some city which was also a balus under the pretext that he had stirred up a
colony. After passing through many different mutiny among some of the soldiers quartered in
stages of civil and military preferment, he was ap- the camp under the Alban Mount, but in reality
pointed praefect of the praetorians by Probus, who because he was rich, elevated in station, and high
entertained the highest respect for his talents and in intellect. He was brought to trial in the palace
integrity. When that prince was murdered by and there executed, no one appearing to give evi-
the soldiers at Sirmium in A. D. 282, Carus was dence against him except his accuser the emperor.
unanimously hailed as itis successor, and the choice | (Dion Cass. lxxix. 4. )
[W. R. ]
ARUS
MAYRO
<
5
MP
FAVC.
## p. 618 (#638) ############################################
618
CASCA.
CASCELLIUS.
CARYA'TIS (Kapuśtis), a surname of Artemis, The foregoing coin of the Servilia gens belongs.
derived from the town of Caryae in Laconia. either to No. 2 or No. 3; it contains on the obverse
Here the statue of the goddess stood in the open the head of Neptune, and on the reverse a figure
air, and maidens celebrated a festival to her every of Victory.
(L. S. ]
year with dances. (Paus. ii. 10. § 8, iv. 16. § 5; A. CASCE'LLIUS, an eminent Roman jurist,
Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. viii. 30. ) (L. S.
attempts to explain the name are given in Pausa- Italy. In the year after, B. c. 82, Carrinas was
pias and the Scholiast on Theocritus. It is evident, legate of the consul Cn. Papirius Carbo (CARBO,
however, that the worship of the Carneian Apollo No. 7. ), and fought a battle on the river Aesis
, in
was very ancient, and was probably established in Umbria, against Metellus, in which however he was
Peloponnesus even before the Dorian conquest. beaten. He was attacked soon after in the neigh-
Respecting the festival of the Carneia see Dict
. of bourhood of Spoletium, by Pompey and Crassus,
Ant. s. v. Kápvela,
[L. S. ] two of Sulla’s generals, and after a loss of nearly
CARNEIUS (Kapveios), a Cynic philosopher, 3000 men, he was besieged by the enemy, but
who is surnamed Cynulcus (Kúvovanos), that is, found means to escape during a dark and stormy
the leader of dogs or Cynics, or, in other words, night. After Carbo had quitted Italy, Carrinas
the leader and teacher of Cynic philosophers. He and Marcius continued to command two legions ;
was a native of Megara, but nothing further is and after joining Damasippus and the Samnites,
known of him. (Athen. iv. p. 156. ) [L. S. ] who were still in arms, they marched towards the
CARNU'LIÙS, was accused, in the reign of passes of Praeneste, hoping to force their way
Tiberius, of some crime not now known, and put through them and relieve Marius, who was still
an end to his own life to escape the cruel tortures besieged in that town. But when this attempt
inflicted by Tiberius upon other victims. When failed, they set out against Rome, which they
Tiberius heard of his death, he was grieved at hoped to conquer without difficulty, on account of
losing an opportunity of killing a man in his own its want of provisions. They encamped in the
way, and exclaimed Carnulius me erasit. (Suet, neighbourhood of Alba. Sulla, however, hastened
Tib. 61. )
[L. S. ] after them, and pitched his camp near the Colline
CARPA'THIUS, JOANNES ('Iwávvns Kap gate. A fearful battle was fought here, which
nállos), a bishop of the island of Carpathos, of un-began in the evening and lasted the whole night,
certain date. Ai the request of the monks of India until at last Sulla took the camp of the enemy.
he wrote to them a consolatory work in 100 chap Carrinas and the other leaders took to flight, but
ters, entitled προς τους από της Ινδίας προτρέψαντας | he and Marcius were overtaken, and put το death
uova xous TapakantiKÓv. (Phot. Cod 201. ) This by command of Sulla. Their beads were cut off
work is still extant, and a Latin translation of it and sent to Praeneste, where they were carried
by J. Pontanus is printed at the end of his “ Diop round the walls to inform Marius of the destruc-
trae Philippi Solitarii,” Ingolstadt, 1654, 4to. , tion of his friends. (Appian, B. C. i. 87, 90, 92,
and in the “ Bibliotheca Patrum,” xii. p. 535, &c. , 93; Plut. Pomp. 7; Oros. v. 21 ; Eutrop. v. 8. )
The Greek original, as well as some other ascetic 2. C. CARRINAS, a son of No. 1, was sent by
works of his, are still extant in MS. (Fabric. Caesar, in B. C. 45, into Spain against Sext. Pom-
Bibl. Graec. x. p. 738, &c. , xi. p. 173. ) (L. S. ] peius, but as he did not accomplish anything, he
CARPA'THIUS PHILO. [Philo. ]
was superseded by Asinius Pollio. In 43, after
CARPHY'LLIDES (Kappuations), a Greek the establishment of the triumvirate, Carrinas was
poet, of whom there are extant two elegant epi- appointed consul for the remainder of the year,
grams in the Greek Anthology. (vii. 260, ix. 52. ) together with P. Ventidius. Two years later,
The name of the author of the second epigram is B. C. 41, he received from Octavianus the admi-
sometimes written Carpyllides; but whether this nistration of the province of Spain, where he bad
is a mere mistake, or whether Carpyllides is a dif- to carry on war with the Mauretanian Bocchus.
ferent person from Carphyllides, cannot be ascer- In 36, he was sent with three legions against Sext
tained.
(L. S. ]
Pompeius in Sicily; and about 31, we find him
L. CARPINA'TIUS, the pro-magister or de as proconsul in Gaul, where he was successful
## p. 616 (#636) ############################################
616
CARTHALO.
CARTIMANDUA.
>
war.
against the Morini and other tribes, and drove the | Hannibal, after the battle of Cannae, in B. c. 216,
Suevi across the Rhine back into Germany. For sent to Rome with ten of the Roman prisoners to
those exploits he was honoured with a triumph in negotiate the ransom of the prisoners, and to treat
29. (Appian, B. C. ir. 83, v. 26, 112; Dion about pcace. But when Carthalo approached
Cass. xlvii. 15, li. 21, 22. )
Rome, a lictor was sent out to bid hiin quit the
3. Carrinas, whom Cicero speaks of in B. c. Roman territory before sunset. In B. C. 208,
45, as an unpleasant person, who visited him in when Tarentum was re-conquered by the Ro-
his Tusculanum. (Cic. ad Att. xiii. 33. )
mans, Carthalo was commander of the Cartha-
4. CARRINAS SECUNDUS, a rhetorician of the ginian garrison there. He laid down his arms,
time of Caligula, by whom he was expelled from and as he was going to the consul to sue for mer-
Rome for having, by way of exercise, declaimed cy, he was killed by a Roman soldier. (Liv. xxii.
against tyrants on one occasion. (Dion Cass. lix. 15, 58, xxvii. 16; Appian, de Bell. Annit. 49;
20; Juven. vii. 204. ) He is probably the same Dion Cass. Fragm. 152, ed. Reimar. )
as the Secundus Carinas whom Nero, in B. C. 65, 3. One of the two leaders of the popular party
sent to Asia and Achaia to plunder those coun- at Carthage after the close of the second Punic
tries, and carry the statues of the gods from thence He held an office which Appian calls boe-
to Rome. (Tacit. Ann. xv. 45. ) (L. S. ] tharchus, and which seems to have been a sort of
CARSIGNATUS (Kapolyvatos), a Galatian ( tribuneship ; and while in his official capacity he
prince, who was at one time allied with Pharnaces. was travelling through the country, he attacked
When the latter threatened to invade Galatia, and some of the subjects of Masinissa, who had
Carsignatus had in vain endeavoured to maintain pitched their tents on controverted ground. He
peace, he and another Galatian, Gaezotoris, marched killed several of them, made some booty, and ex-
against him, but the war was prevented by a Ro cited the Africans against the Numidians. These
man embassy. (Polyb. xxv. 4. ) [L. S. ] and other acts of hostility between the Cartha-
CARSULEIUS. [CARFULENUS. ]
ginians and Masinissa cailed for the interference
L. CARTEIUS, a friend of c. Cassius, who of the Romans, who however rather fostered the
was with him in Syria in B. C. 43. (Cass. ap. Cic. hostile feeling, than allayed it. The result was an
ad Fam. xii. 11. )
open war between the Carthaginians and Masi-
CA'RTHALÓ (Kaplánwv). 1. A commander nissa. When at length the Romans began to
of the Carthaginian fleet in the first Punic war, make preparations for the third Punic war, the
who was sent by his colleague Adherbal, in B. C. Carthaginians endeavoured to conciliate the Ro-
249, to burn the Roman fleet, which was riding mans by condemning to death the authors of the
at anchor off Lilybaeum. While Carthalo was war with Masinissa ; and Carthalo was accordingly
engaged in this enterprise, Himilco, the governor executed. (Appian, de Bell. Pun. 63, 74. ) [L. S. )
of Lily baeum, who perceived that the Roman CARTI'LIUS, an early Roman jurist, who
army on land was anxious to afford their support probably lived not later than the time of Caligula,
to the fleet, sent out his mercenaries against the as in Dig. 28, tit. 5, s. 69, he is cited by Proculus,
Roman troops, and Carthalo endeavoured to draw who adopts his opinion in the case in question in
the Roman fleet into an engagement. The latter, preference to that of Trebatius. The case was
however, withdrew to a town on the coast and this-Let A or B, whichever wishes, be my heir.
prepared themselves for defence. Carthalo was They both wish. Cartilius says, Both take: Tre-
repulsed with some loss, and after having taken a batius, Neither. In Dig. 13, tit. 6, s. 5, $ 13, he
few transports, he retreated to the nearest river, is cited by Ulpian. It was Ant.
Augustinus who
and watched the Romans as they sailed away (Einend. 3, 9) first brought these passages into
from the coast. When the consul L. Junius Pul- notice, and rescued the name of Cartilius from ob-
lus, on his return from Syracuse, bad doubled livion. In the former passage the Haloandrine edi-
Pachynum, he ordered his feet to sail towards tions of the Digest have Carfilius, and, in the
Lilybaeum, not knowing what had happened to latter, an early corrector of the Florentine manu-
those whom he had sent before him. Carthalo script, not being familiar with the name Cartilius,
informed of his approach, immediately sailed out enclosed it in brackets as a mark of condeinnation.
against bim, in order to meet him before he could The jurist Cartilius is evidently different from
join the other part of the fleet. Pullus fied for the Catilius, not Cartilius Severus, who was prae-
refuge to a rocky and dangerous part of the sea, positus Syriae, praefectus urbi, and great-grand-
where Carthalo did not venture to attack him ; father of the emperor M. Antoninus. (Plin. En.
but he took his station at a place between the i. 22 ; ii. 12 ; Spart. Hadr. 5, 15, 22 ; Capitol.
two Roman fleets to watch them and prerent their Anton. Pius 2 ; M. Ant. 1 ; Dion Cass. ix. 21. ) The
joining. Soon after a fearful storm arose which name of this Catilius appears in the Fasti, A. D.
destroyed the whole of the Roman fleet, while the | 121, as consul for the second time, three years after
Carthaginians, who were better sailors, had sought the death of Trajan. His first consulate does not
a safe place of refuge before the storm broke out. appear in the Fasti, and therefore it may be in-
(Polyb. i. 53, 54. )
ferred that he was consul suffectus. If the rescript
2. The Carthaginian commander of the cavalry of Trajan, cited Dig. 29, tit. 1, s. 24, were ad-
in the army of Hannibal. In B. c. 217, he fought dressed, according to the Haloandrine reading, to
against L. Hostilius Mancinus, in the neighbour- Catilius Severus, it is probably referable to the
hood of Casilinum, and put him to flight. The time of the proconsulate succeeding his first consul-
Romans, under Mancinus, who were merely a re- ship. (Bertrandus, 2, 22, 1. Maiansius, ii. p.
connoitering band which had been sent out by 273--287. )
[J. T. G. )
the dictator, Q. Fabius, at last resolved to make CARTIMANDUA, or CARTISMANDUA,
a stand against the enemy, but nearly all of them queen of the Brigantes in Britain, about A. D. 50,
were cut to pieces. This Carthalo' is probably in which year she treacherously delivered up to
the noble Carthaginian of the same name, whom the Romans Caractacus, who had come to seek her
## p. 617 (#637) ############################################
CARUS.
617
CARUS.
The
a
TESTER
protection. By this act of treachery towards her of the troops was confirmed by the senate. The
own countrymen, she won the favour of the Ro- new ruler, soon after his accession, gained a victory
mans, and increased her power. Hence, says over the Sarmatians, who had invaded Illyricum
Tacitus, arose wealth and luxury, and Cartimandua and were threatening Thrace and even Italy itself.
repudiated her own husband Venutius to share her Having conferred the title of Caesar upon both his
bed and throne with Vellocatus, the arm-bearer of her sons, he nominated Carinus, the elder, governor of
husband. This threw her state into a civil war, a all the Western provinces, and, accompanied by
portion of her people supporting Venutius against the Numerianus, the younger, set out upon an expedi-
adulterer. Venutius collected an army of auxiliaries, tion against the Persians which had been planned
defeated the Brigantes, and reduced Cartimandua by his predecessor. The campaign which followed
to the last extremity. She solicited the aid of the was most glorious for the Roman arms.
Romans, who rescued her from her danger; but enemy, distracted by internal dissensions, were
Venutius remained in possession of her kingdom, unable to oppose a vigorous resistance to the in-
A. D. 69. (Tac. Ann. xii. 36, 49, Hist. iii. 45. ) [L. S. ] vaders. All Mesopotamia was quickly occupied,
CARVI'LIA GENS, plebeian, came into dis- -Seleucia and Ctesiphon were forced to yield.
tinction during the Samnite wars. The first mem- But the career of Carus, who was preparing to
ber of the gens who obtained the consulship was push his conquests beyond the Tigris, was suddenly
Sp. Carvilius in B. c. 293, who received the sur-cut short, for he perished by disease, or treachery,
name of MAXIMUS, which was handed down as a or, as the ancient historians commonly report, by
regular family-name. For those whose cognomen a stroke of lightning, towards the close of 283,
is not mentioned, see CARVILIUS.
after a reign of little more than sixteen months.
The following coin is referred to this gens, and The account of his death, transmitted by his secre-
the three names upon it, Car. OgVL. Ver. , are tary Junius Calphurnius to the praefect of the
those of three triumvirs of the mint.
city, is so confused and mysterious that we can
scarcely avoid the surmise that his end was has-
tened by foul play, and suspicion has rested upon
Arrius Aper, who was afterwards put to death by
Diocletian on the charge of having murdered Nu-
merianus.
CAR.
According to the picture drawn by the Augustan
historian, Carus held a middle rank between those
preeminent in virtue or in vice, being neither very
bad nor very good, but rather good than bad.
CARVI’LIUS. 1. and 2. L. CARVILIUS and His character undoubtedly stood high before his
SP. CARVILIUS, tribunes of the plebs B. C. 212, elevation to the throne: no credit is to be attached
accused M. Postumius. [POSTUMIUS. ) (Liv. xxv. 3. ) to the rumour that he was accessary to the death
3. Sp. CARVILIUS, was sent by Cn. Şicinius to of his benefactor, Probus, whose murderers he
Rome in B. c. 171, when Perseus despatched an sought out and punished with the sternest justice,
embassy to the senate. When the senate ordered and the short period of his sway was unstained
the ambassadors to quit Italy within eleven days, by any great crime. But the atrocities of Carinus
Carvilius was appointed to keep watch over them, threw a shade over the memory of his father,
till they embarked on board their ships. (Liv. xlii. whom men could not forgive for having bequeathed
36. )
his power to such a son. (Vopisc. Carus; Aurel.
4. C. CARVILIUS of Spoletium, negotiated on Vict. Caes. xxxviii. , Epit. xxxviii. ; Zonar. xii. 30 ;
behalf of the Roman garrison the surrender of Eutrop. ix. 12. )
(W. R. ]
Uscana, a town of the Penestae, to Perseus in B. C.
169. (Liv. xliii. 18, 19. )
CAÐUS, a Roman poet, and a contemporary of
Ovid, who appears to have written a poem on
Hercules. (Ovid, Epist. ex Pont. iv. 16. 7. )
CARUS, M. AURELIUS, according to Victor,
whose account is confirmed by Sidonius Apolli-
naris and Zonaras, was a native of Narbonne in
Gaul; but Vopiscus professes to be unable to speak
with certainty either of his lineage or birth-place,
and quotes the conflicting statements of older CARUS, JU'LIUS, one of the murderers of T.
authorities, who variously represented that he was Vinius when Galba was put to death in a. D. 69.
born at Milan; or in Illyria, of Carthaginian ances- (Tac. Hist. i. 42. )
tors; or in the metropolis, of Illyrian parents. He CARUS, ME'TIUS, one of the most infamous
himself undoubtedly claimed Roman descent, as informers under Domitian. (Tac. Agric. 45; Juv.
appears from a letter addressed by him when pro- i. 36 ; Martial, xii. 25; Plin. Ep. i. 5, vii. 19, 27. )
consul of Cilicia to his legate Junius, but this is CA'RUS, SEIUS, son of Fascianus, at one
not inconsistent with the supposition that he may time praefectus urbi, was put to death by Elaga-
have belonged to some city which was also a balus under the pretext that he had stirred up a
colony. After passing through many different mutiny among some of the soldiers quartered in
stages of civil and military preferment, he was ap- the camp under the Alban Mount, but in reality
pointed praefect of the praetorians by Probus, who because he was rich, elevated in station, and high
entertained the highest respect for his talents and in intellect. He was brought to trial in the palace
integrity. When that prince was murdered by and there executed, no one appearing to give evi-
the soldiers at Sirmium in A. D. 282, Carus was dence against him except his accuser the emperor.
unanimously hailed as itis successor, and the choice | (Dion Cass. lxxix. 4. )
[W. R. ]
ARUS
MAYRO
<
5
MP
FAVC.
## p. 618 (#638) ############################################
618
CASCA.
CASCELLIUS.
CARYA'TIS (Kapuśtis), a surname of Artemis, The foregoing coin of the Servilia gens belongs.
derived from the town of Caryae in Laconia. either to No. 2 or No. 3; it contains on the obverse
Here the statue of the goddess stood in the open the head of Neptune, and on the reverse a figure
air, and maidens celebrated a festival to her every of Victory.
(L. S. ]
year with dances. (Paus. ii. 10. § 8, iv. 16. § 5; A. CASCE'LLIUS, an eminent Roman jurist,
Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. viii. 30. ) (L. S.
