301
the edification of those coming after him.
the edification of those coming after him.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v8
O'Donovan's "Annals of the
298 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 20.
Article III. —St. Mothrianoc, or Motren6g, Abbot of Ruscaigh, or Rusgach. No amount of mere mechanical labour can give the true artist's perfect finish to his work of art, and no effort of natural power can infuse the glow of charity essential for a fervent master in spiritual matters. The present holy personage was one, who guided others in the ways of a religious life ; nor can we have any doubt, that he was distinguished as a leader in the degrees of perfection. The present saint seems to have had a
1
double festival ; for, he is commemorated, likewise, at the 2nd of February, as St. Mothrianoc, son of ^Engus, of Rusgach. However, his race and descent do not appear to have been more remotely revealed. Nor do we know the age in which he lived. Veneration was given, at the 20th of August, to Mothrianoc of Ruscaigh, as we find recorded in the Martyrology
Kilroosk old Church, County of Leitrim.
of Tallagh. " In that copy, contained in the Book of Leinster, a like entry istobefound,atthe13thoftheSeptemberKalends. 3 TheMartyrologyof
Donegal,* at the same date, registers the name, as Motrenog, son of Aenghus, Abbot of Rusgach. Where his religious establishment existed admits of much doubt. In the parish of Tarmonbarry, and in the barony of North Ballintobber, County of Roscommon, is the rather modern small village of Roosky;5 but,inpartitextendstotheCountyofLeitrimside,ontheRiver Shannon,6inthebaronyofMohill7 Thisdenominationappearstoresemble closelythatoftheancientRuscaighorRusgach. AtRooskyarerapidson
date, in the Second Volume of this work, Art. vii.
3 Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxxii.
3 Thus : mochruAnoc tlurcAij.
4 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
224, 225.
5 This western division of the townland so
sheets 18, 24.
named contains 209a. 2;\ 6/. , and it is
shown on the " Ordnance Survey Townland
Maps for the County of Roscommon," land," No. 95, Dublin to Sligo, p. 437.
6
119a. , and it is shown on the "Ordnance
This portion of the townland contains
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Leitrim," sheets 32, 33.
7 There is a substantial limestone
and swivel, connected with the Shannon Im- provements, across the river. See James Frazer's " Hand Rook for Travellers in Ire-
bridge
August 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 299
the River Shannon. 8 on a beautiful Again,
near the town of Manorhamilton, in the northern part of the County of Leitrim, there is an ancient cemetery still much used for interments, and a few fragments remaining of an old church called Killroosk within it. That old building had been constructed solidly, with finely dressed and large limestones. 9 The situation
is a solitary one, and it opens upon a district of country presenting some of the most romantic scenery in Ireland. A small stream murmurs in the
valley below, while down the towering cliffs, rising over Lough Glenade, tumble cascades from almost perpendicular rocks. Thence onward towards Manorhamilton flows the Bonnet River, in a southern course, and by Dromahaire, into the head waters of Lough Gill. Except what has been stated already at his other festival, occurring on the 2nd of February, little more can be added to our notice of this holy Abbot.
Article IV. —St. Hadouin, Chadoin, Audouin, or Hardouin,
Bishop of Mans, France. [Seventh Century. '] The present holy man is called Chadoin or Hardouin, Haduindus, Chadoenus, Caduindus and Har-
1 who
at the 20th of August; although he has given a previous but a brief notice
of this saint, at the 20th of January. 3 Hadouin, Chadouin, Audoin, Cha-
danus, and Caduindus are other forms of his name. He is also called
Audouin. At the 20th of August, the Petits Bollandistes 4 have notices of
St. Hadouin, Bishop of Mans, and these are drawn chiefly from Dom PiolhVs
"
Histoire de l'Eglise du Mans. " His feast had been noted by the Bol- landists, for the 20th of January. There, however, it had been omitted,5 although attention was afterwards called to the circumstance in a sup- plementary notice. 6 He is said to have been a noble ; and according to some writers, he was a Gaulish-Frank by birth. He is said, by some writers, tohavegonefromIrelandtoFrance. ThepeoplecalledCenomanibelonged to Gallia Celtica, and they were so called from their chief city Cenomanum, now known as Le Mans, in the former Province of Maine, and now in the Department of Sarthe. The town is about 53 miles N. N. W. from Tours. Under the Romans, it was a place of considerable importance, and in the era of Charlemagne, it was one of the largest and richest towns in the
8
Empire. ? It is still a great centre for railway communication, possessing
many branches of manufacture, with a large and growing population. The
Bishopric of Mans was frequently governed by an Irish prelate, and Bishop Hadouin or Chadoin was the twelfth in succession. 9 After the death of St.
duinus, Hadwinus,
and
2
Clodoenus, by Baillet,
places
his chief
festival,
8
See "Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ire- land," vol, iii. , pp. 155, 156.
9 In June, 1879, the writer sketched this old church of Kilroosk on the spot. The sketch was afterwards drawn by William F. Wakeman on the wood, engraved by Mrs. Millard.
s See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. Ap-
pendix, p. 1 140.
6 In the new edition of the Bollandists,
published by Victor Palm£, Paris, we read, in the Appendix to tomus ii. : "Ad xx Ja- nuarii. Pag. 615, col. 2. post S. Fechinum adde [S. Hadoindus, Episcopus Cenoman-
Articleiv. —1 SeeAdrianBaillet's"Vies ensisin See Afterwards Gallia. "] p. 761.
des Saints," tome ii. , pp. 326, 327. See we find: "S. Haduindi, Episcopi Ceno-
edition of 1739, Paris, 4to.
2
See edition of 1701, Paris, 8vo, tome viii. , at pp. 649 to 652.
mannensis, Vita alia est ea, quae laudatur ut
melior supra in prsesenti tomo pag. 402, num. 4. " See p. 780.
given :
4 See " Les Vies des xx« Jour d'Aout, pp. 93, 94.
p.
" Renvoi. * Saint Had-
3 Thus
ouindou SaintCHADoiN, Lat. HADWiNDUS ev#que du Mans. Voyez an xx jour d'Aout. See ibid. , tome i. , xx Janvier, p. 495.
"> See "Gazetteer of the World," vol. ix. ,
105.
8 See it noted on Black's "General Atlas
Saints,"
tome
x. ,
of the World," sheet 14.
9 See Adrien Baillet's "Vies des
tome ii. , p. 326.
Saints,"
elevation,
300
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 20
10
Bertrand, intheyear623,thevirtuesandtalentsofHadouin,unitedtohis
distinction of family, caused him to be chosen as Bishop over the church of Mans. " With one single exception, all his predecessors in that see are honoured as saints by the Church. Soon after Hadouin's consecration, he seems to have made the
of or 12 a acquaintance Lonegisilus Leonogisilus,
holy German exile, who had left his noble and wealthy parents. These
desired to have him continue a pagan. However, he resolved on embracing
the Christian Religion, and having sought the companionship of Christians,
he was instructed in letters by them, and baptised. Afterwards, he greatly desired to build a cell or monastery for himself; and going to Mans, he was
most graciously received by Hadoind, to whom he opened his mind, and subsequently he visited Buxiacum. ^ There, the clergy and people desired
him to remain, and they were willing to aid him in erecting a monastery. When he sought Hadoind to obtain his permission, the holy bishop greatly
approved
that
project,
and
giving
thanks to God ordained him a '< priest.
Hadoind also bestowed the canonical village of Buxiacum, with its lands and
appurtenances, to Lonegisilus, with the condition, that these were to be subject
to the mother church of Mans, as also the monastery, with all its possession, which might accrue in future times. To this condition Lonegesilus agreed, and a deed was prepared,^ to prove the fact ; while it was attested by a notary of King Clotaire, and who is named Count Buccellinus. 16 His elec- tion was confirmed by Clotaire II. *? . , nor was the See long vacant, it is thought, before Hadouin took possession. About eighteen or twenty months
after his consecration, the First Council of Mans was a. d. ,8 held, 625. .
At that he assisted ; and in it were framed twenty-five disciplinary canons or rules. Among the many holy prelates assembled at that . council were St. Sulpicius of Bourges, St. Arnoul, of Metz, St. Modoald of Treves, and St. Cunibert of Cologne. ^ When he became bishop, Hardouin laboured energetically to promote religion throughout his diocese. He founded several monasteries, and he took care to have their inmates live in the strict observance of rule. He was chiefly instrumental in establishing the monastery of Boisseliere, of which St. Longils became the first Abbot. Well knowing that study and science should distinguish the clergy, Hadouin was specially desirous of preserving for his diocese the memory of those great exemplars of virtue, who flourished in the Church of Mans before his time. He caused one of his diocesan clergy to write the Acts of St. Domnole for
10 This holy Bishop ruled for a long time
over the See of Mans. He died in extreme
old age, June 30th, in the year 623. He is
honoured, likewise, on the 6th of June, and
on the 3rd of July.
" See "Histoire Literaire de France,"
tome iii. , vii. siecle, p. 548.
12
This holy Abbot of Boisseliere is vene- rated on the 2nd of April. He is also called St. Longis. He attained a great age, and died about the year 653.
13 Also called Buxiacus or Buxidus (Bois-
selicre), in Le Sonnois, at Mans, and where a parish church had been dedicated to St.
Lonegisilus.
14 These
deed of Lonegisilus, executed A. D. 625, and about it, in his work, Chonicle, lib. ii. , to be found in the "Vetera Analecta," cap. v.
particulars
are known from the
prelates present,
and all we really know
I9 Literaire de edited by Father John Mabillon, tomus iii. , See "Histoire
France," p. 151. tome iii. , vii. siecle, pp. 532 to 534.
j s This document thus ends: "Actum
Sagonna (Sogne) mallo publico. Data viii. Kalendas Decembris, anno xlii. (sic legen- dum videtur, non lii. ) regnante Chlothario rege. "
,6 See Mabillon's "Annales Ordinis S.
Benedict! ," tomus i. , lib. xi. , num. I, pp.
330, 331.
ll He died about the commencement of
the year 628, at the age of forty-four, and he was buried at Saint-Germain-des-Pres,
"
Histoire de France," tome ii. , Premiere Partie,
near Paris. See Henri Martin's liv. x. , pp. 133,134.
l8
Flodoard gives the names of the
August 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
301
the edification of those coming after him. Furthermore, Bishop Hadouin
applied to the collection of Lives and Legends of Saints, who had then
acquired a great reputation for extraordinary virtues, especially in the churches of Gaul. It is only just to suppose, that to his zeal and diligence, the
preservation is due of many historic accounts, regarding those pious
who have rendered the Church of Mans so illustrious — personages, among
all other—s in that part of France. 20 In a place formerly called Aurion now Evron 2I the holy Bishop built a church and a monastery. These were dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, for whom he entertained a most tender devotion. It is stated, that Hadouind was induced to establish those foundations, owing to a vision he had with regard to relics brought to that
22 The first Abbot set over that
Hadouin caused monks from the Abbeys of St. Vincent and of St. Peter and St. Paul, at Mans, to take up their residence in that house. There they lived, under the rule of St. Benedict, and in their church the Divine office was regularly recited. From the year 632 to 636, wars had prevailed between the Franks and Bretons, while the diocese of Mans frequently became the theatreofsuchhostilities. Duringthesedisorders,thechurchesandmonas- teries were pillaged. So far as he could effect it, Bishop Hardouin laboured to restore their fallen state, and especially did he endeavour to repair the monasteries, then the chief cradles of religion and civilization. For such worksofpiety,hehasreceivedtheeulogiesofmanyancienthistorians. Think- ing his death was near, in the fifth year of the reign of Clovis II. , he prudently resolved to settle all his worldly affairs, so that his mind should be turned with greater freedom to dwell on the rewards he expected in a better life. On the 6th of February, a. d. 642, the Bishop made his will, in which he bequeathed rich gifts to his monastery of Notre- Dame at Evron, and in which all his property was left to the mother-church, and to the principal
monasteries of the city and diocese of Mans. The executors of this will
2
were Bodilon, a kinsman, and Audrann. 3 In the year 644, no less than twelve
ecclesiastical divisions in the kingdom 01 Clovis II. were represented in the Third Council of Chalons on the Saone ? * but as our saint could not assist in person, he sent thither the Abbot Chagnoald in his name. 25 He lived for many years afterwards ; but, as the exact duration of his episcopacy has
place by
a
pilgrim.
monastery
was
Agobert.
not been determined, the number cannot be stated with
certainty.
26 The
fullest Life of St. Domnole,2? Bishop of Mans, and who died in 581, was
written during the episcopacy of St. Hadoin, his successor, and at the request
of this latter prelate by an anonymous author, probably one of the clergy
belonging to the church of Mans. 28
20 "
See the Petits Bollandistes, Les Vies
des Saints," tome x. , xx. jour d'Aout, p.
93.
31 " A dix lieues du Mans. " Baillet's
"Les Vies des Saints," tome viii. , xx. Aoust, p. 650.
Towards the closing years of Hadouin's
ajoutent encore une annee, trompez sans doute par une mauvaise edition de la vie de notre saint, qui par une autre erasur porte que sa mort arriva le xx. jour de Janvier. Suivant la second opinion qui nous paroit la plus vraisemblable, nous croyons que saint Chadouin mourut l'an 653, parce qu'il semble qu'il avoit ete ordonne 6veque vers la fin du mois d'Aoust de l'an 623, deux mois environ apres la mort de saint Bertran son
et non— au mois de predecesseur, pas Janvier
22
See Mabillon's "Annales Ordinis S.
Benedicti," tomus i. , lib. xi. , num. li. , p.
331.
23 See Mabillon's "Vetera Analecta,"
tomus iii. ,
160.
24 See Adrien Baillet's "Les Vies des de l'annee suivante. " Adrien Baillet's "Les
p.
Saints," tome viii. , pp. 650, 651.
2s See Mabillon's "Annales Ordinis S.
Benedicti," tomus i. , lib. xiii. , num. xxx.
26 "Les uns veulent qu'elle ait £t. e de 47 ans onze mois et 24 jours, les autres de 29
Vies des Saints," &c, tome viii. , xx. Aoust,
p. 651.
a? Venerated on the 6th of May.
28 See " Histoire Literaire de la France,
ans onze mois et d'autres 23 jours,
y
29 This seems to have
preceded
the
great
tome iii. , vii. siecle, p. 548.
3o2 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 20.
life, and in the year 651, a great famine prevailed in Gaul. *9 Soon afterwards, a dreadful pestilence followed it, and this proved to be so malignant and contagious, that its death-bearing results were terrible to all there living. St. Hadouin died on the twelfth day of the September Kalends, August 20th, about the year 653 or 654. According to his desire, this holy Bishop was interred in the basilica of St. Victorius. Nevertheless, according to his will, he desired interment in the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, formerly known as the Church of the Apostles, and which had been built or restored bySt. Bertram However,itissupposed,thatfromthechurchofSt. Victor, the remains of St. Chadoin had been transferred to that more ancient church
of the Apostles, where many of the preceding bishops of Mans had been buried. In the Martyrology of Castellan, the holy Bishop called Chadoin or Haduin, Bishop of Mans, is commemorated on the 20th of August ; and, at this day, the Bollandists enter his feast, 3° on the same authority, although they notice another festival for him, and a commemoration at the 20th of
1
January. In the time of the Emperor Louis le Debonnaire,* the remains of
St. Julien, St. Turibe, St. Pavas, and St. Liboire were found in the old Church of the Apostles, with those of St. Hadouin. The remains of the latter holy Bishop 3 2 were better preserved than those of the others. Then St. Aldric 33 solemnly transferred the remains of all those saints to the cathedral, dedic—ated
to St. Gervais and St. Protais
and — elevated those of St. having Julien
as the first bishop and apostle of that district on a credence, which stood on the right side of the high altar, the remains of the other saints were deposited in a less conspicuous position. That translation of the saints' bodies, on the 25th of July, was afterwards annually commemorated in the diocese of
Mans. 3* TherethememoryofSt. Hadouinisespeciallyhonoured.
Article V. —Reputed Feast of St. Brigid, at Fesula, Italy.
;
[Aint/i Century. . ] The present St. Brigid is to be distinguished from the 1
holy Patroness of Ireland, so named, and from another St. Brigid, venerated 3"
at the 14th of March. In Dempster's Menologium Scotorum,"3 at the 2 oth of August, there is a feast set down for St. Brigid, a noble Scottish virgin, who came to her brother St. Andrew,* an Archdeacon, in a miraculous manner. He lived in the mountains at Fesula in Italy, with St. Donatus. s
Buidhe Connail or Yellow Plague, in Ireland and Great Britain, and which pre- vailed A. D. 664. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters, vol. i. , pp.
to 277, and nn. r, s, t, u, w,) ibid.
"
Miscellaneous Works of Venerable Bede," vol. ii. , " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum,"
lib. Hi. , cap. xxvii. , pp. 380, 381.
30 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv.
Augusti xx. Among the pretermitted feasts,
"Les Vies des Saints," tome x. , xxe jour d'Aout, p. 94.
33 He was the twenty-third Bishop of Mans.
34 See Adrien Baillet's "Les Vies des
274
(q. See also Rev. J. A. Giles'
Saints," tome, viii. , xx. Aoust. , p. 642. *
p. 2.
"xx. In mon- 31 Son of the celebrated Charlemagne, tibus Foesulanis Brigidae virginis, qua? ad
who reigned from A. D. 814 to 840, when he died on the 20th of June. See Henri Martin's " Histoire de France," tome ii. , liv. xiv. , pp. 365 to 408.
32 His body was found to be rose or flesh
coloured, about two hundred years after his
death. Moreover, the pontifical dress, in which he had been buried, was still entire and undecayed. See Les Petits Bollandistes.
fratrem suum Archidiaconum S. Andream e
Scotia venit, et magna Christianae vita?
Article v. — See her Life in the
Second Volume of this work, at the 1st of
February, Art i.
2
See the Third Volume of this work, at
that date. Art. ix. — 3 The entry is as follows :
continentia hie obiit. B. "—Bishop Forbes'
"
Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 209.
4 See his Life, in the present volume, at the 22nd of August.
s The feast of St. Donatus, Bishop of Fiesole occurs on the 22nd of October, where his Life may be found.
August 20.
1
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
303
We have already treated about the holy virgin St. Brigid, who lived in a
6
hermitage near the source of the little river Sieci, where during her old age,
she sought in a thick forest, among the higher Apennines, a place where she mightleadasolitarylife. Thereshedesiredtolive,inpenitenceandprayer.
She found a cave,? at a lonely place called Opacum, near Lobaco, high among the mountains. 8 There she passed a term of years, and died, during the latterhalfoftheninthcentury. 9 Theinhabitantsofthatcountry,venerating her as a saint, buried her remains, and built a church in her name, on the site of her hermitage. This was called S. Brigida. Her Natalis was cele- brated there in after years with great solemnity. The Pieve or parochial district of Lobaco owns two filial parishes, St. Brigid at Lobaco, and St.
Minatus at Pagnoli. Again, there is an ancient Church of San Martino, of
Tours, beneath the shelter of the walls of Castel Lobaco IQ and here, also, the ;
memory of our Irish St. Brigid was held in especial reverence. In his
"
festival was observed on the 1st of February, that she was renowned for
sanctity in 802, that she was miraculously brought to Italy, that her writings
have perished, and that he is unable to find when she died. It seems very piobable, however, that our Irish St. Brigid's festival abroad may have been confoundedwiththatofthegreatSt. Brigid,PatronessofIreland; otherwise it is difficult to conceive how such a coincidence could have occurred, as to cause both their feasts to fall on the same day.
Article VI. —Reputed Feast of Donart, Bishop of Murthlac andAberdeen,Scotland.
298 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 20.
Article III. —St. Mothrianoc, or Motren6g, Abbot of Ruscaigh, or Rusgach. No amount of mere mechanical labour can give the true artist's perfect finish to his work of art, and no effort of natural power can infuse the glow of charity essential for a fervent master in spiritual matters. The present holy personage was one, who guided others in the ways of a religious life ; nor can we have any doubt, that he was distinguished as a leader in the degrees of perfection. The present saint seems to have had a
1
double festival ; for, he is commemorated, likewise, at the 2nd of February, as St. Mothrianoc, son of ^Engus, of Rusgach. However, his race and descent do not appear to have been more remotely revealed. Nor do we know the age in which he lived. Veneration was given, at the 20th of August, to Mothrianoc of Ruscaigh, as we find recorded in the Martyrology
Kilroosk old Church, County of Leitrim.
of Tallagh. " In that copy, contained in the Book of Leinster, a like entry istobefound,atthe13thoftheSeptemberKalends. 3 TheMartyrologyof
Donegal,* at the same date, registers the name, as Motrenog, son of Aenghus, Abbot of Rusgach. Where his religious establishment existed admits of much doubt. In the parish of Tarmonbarry, and in the barony of North Ballintobber, County of Roscommon, is the rather modern small village of Roosky;5 but,inpartitextendstotheCountyofLeitrimside,ontheRiver Shannon,6inthebaronyofMohill7 Thisdenominationappearstoresemble closelythatoftheancientRuscaighorRusgach. AtRooskyarerapidson
date, in the Second Volume of this work, Art. vii.
3 Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxxii.
3 Thus : mochruAnoc tlurcAij.
4 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
224, 225.
5 This western division of the townland so
sheets 18, 24.
named contains 209a. 2;\ 6/. , and it is
shown on the " Ordnance Survey Townland
Maps for the County of Roscommon," land," No. 95, Dublin to Sligo, p. 437.
6
119a. , and it is shown on the "Ordnance
This portion of the townland contains
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Leitrim," sheets 32, 33.
7 There is a substantial limestone
and swivel, connected with the Shannon Im- provements, across the river. See James Frazer's " Hand Rook for Travellers in Ire-
bridge
August 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 299
the River Shannon. 8 on a beautiful Again,
near the town of Manorhamilton, in the northern part of the County of Leitrim, there is an ancient cemetery still much used for interments, and a few fragments remaining of an old church called Killroosk within it. That old building had been constructed solidly, with finely dressed and large limestones. 9 The situation
is a solitary one, and it opens upon a district of country presenting some of the most romantic scenery in Ireland. A small stream murmurs in the
valley below, while down the towering cliffs, rising over Lough Glenade, tumble cascades from almost perpendicular rocks. Thence onward towards Manorhamilton flows the Bonnet River, in a southern course, and by Dromahaire, into the head waters of Lough Gill. Except what has been stated already at his other festival, occurring on the 2nd of February, little more can be added to our notice of this holy Abbot.
Article IV. —St. Hadouin, Chadoin, Audouin, or Hardouin,
Bishop of Mans, France. [Seventh Century. '] The present holy man is called Chadoin or Hardouin, Haduindus, Chadoenus, Caduindus and Har-
1 who
at the 20th of August; although he has given a previous but a brief notice
of this saint, at the 20th of January. 3 Hadouin, Chadouin, Audoin, Cha-
danus, and Caduindus are other forms of his name. He is also called
Audouin. At the 20th of August, the Petits Bollandistes 4 have notices of
St. Hadouin, Bishop of Mans, and these are drawn chiefly from Dom PiolhVs
"
Histoire de l'Eglise du Mans. " His feast had been noted by the Bol- landists, for the 20th of January. There, however, it had been omitted,5 although attention was afterwards called to the circumstance in a sup- plementary notice. 6 He is said to have been a noble ; and according to some writers, he was a Gaulish-Frank by birth. He is said, by some writers, tohavegonefromIrelandtoFrance. ThepeoplecalledCenomanibelonged to Gallia Celtica, and they were so called from their chief city Cenomanum, now known as Le Mans, in the former Province of Maine, and now in the Department of Sarthe. The town is about 53 miles N. N. W. from Tours. Under the Romans, it was a place of considerable importance, and in the era of Charlemagne, it was one of the largest and richest towns in the
8
Empire. ? It is still a great centre for railway communication, possessing
many branches of manufacture, with a large and growing population. The
Bishopric of Mans was frequently governed by an Irish prelate, and Bishop Hadouin or Chadoin was the twelfth in succession. 9 After the death of St.
duinus, Hadwinus,
and
2
Clodoenus, by Baillet,
places
his chief
festival,
8
See "Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ire- land," vol, iii. , pp. 155, 156.
9 In June, 1879, the writer sketched this old church of Kilroosk on the spot. The sketch was afterwards drawn by William F. Wakeman on the wood, engraved by Mrs. Millard.
s See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. Ap-
pendix, p. 1 140.
6 In the new edition of the Bollandists,
published by Victor Palm£, Paris, we read, in the Appendix to tomus ii. : "Ad xx Ja- nuarii. Pag. 615, col. 2. post S. Fechinum adde [S. Hadoindus, Episcopus Cenoman-
Articleiv. —1 SeeAdrianBaillet's"Vies ensisin See Afterwards Gallia. "] p. 761.
des Saints," tome ii. , pp. 326, 327. See we find: "S. Haduindi, Episcopi Ceno-
edition of 1739, Paris, 4to.
2
See edition of 1701, Paris, 8vo, tome viii. , at pp. 649 to 652.
mannensis, Vita alia est ea, quae laudatur ut
melior supra in prsesenti tomo pag. 402, num. 4. " See p. 780.
given :
4 See " Les Vies des xx« Jour d'Aout, pp. 93, 94.
p.
" Renvoi. * Saint Had-
3 Thus
ouindou SaintCHADoiN, Lat. HADWiNDUS ev#que du Mans. Voyez an xx jour d'Aout. See ibid. , tome i. , xx Janvier, p. 495.
"> See "Gazetteer of the World," vol. ix. ,
105.
8 See it noted on Black's "General Atlas
Saints,"
tome
x. ,
of the World," sheet 14.
9 See Adrien Baillet's "Vies des
tome ii. , p. 326.
Saints,"
elevation,
300
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 20
10
Bertrand, intheyear623,thevirtuesandtalentsofHadouin,unitedtohis
distinction of family, caused him to be chosen as Bishop over the church of Mans. " With one single exception, all his predecessors in that see are honoured as saints by the Church. Soon after Hadouin's consecration, he seems to have made the
of or 12 a acquaintance Lonegisilus Leonogisilus,
holy German exile, who had left his noble and wealthy parents. These
desired to have him continue a pagan. However, he resolved on embracing
the Christian Religion, and having sought the companionship of Christians,
he was instructed in letters by them, and baptised. Afterwards, he greatly desired to build a cell or monastery for himself; and going to Mans, he was
most graciously received by Hadoind, to whom he opened his mind, and subsequently he visited Buxiacum. ^ There, the clergy and people desired
him to remain, and they were willing to aid him in erecting a monastery. When he sought Hadoind to obtain his permission, the holy bishop greatly
approved
that
project,
and
giving
thanks to God ordained him a '< priest.
Hadoind also bestowed the canonical village of Buxiacum, with its lands and
appurtenances, to Lonegisilus, with the condition, that these were to be subject
to the mother church of Mans, as also the monastery, with all its possession, which might accrue in future times. To this condition Lonegesilus agreed, and a deed was prepared,^ to prove the fact ; while it was attested by a notary of King Clotaire, and who is named Count Buccellinus. 16 His elec- tion was confirmed by Clotaire II. *? . , nor was the See long vacant, it is thought, before Hadouin took possession. About eighteen or twenty months
after his consecration, the First Council of Mans was a. d. ,8 held, 625. .
At that he assisted ; and in it were framed twenty-five disciplinary canons or rules. Among the many holy prelates assembled at that . council were St. Sulpicius of Bourges, St. Arnoul, of Metz, St. Modoald of Treves, and St. Cunibert of Cologne. ^ When he became bishop, Hardouin laboured energetically to promote religion throughout his diocese. He founded several monasteries, and he took care to have their inmates live in the strict observance of rule. He was chiefly instrumental in establishing the monastery of Boisseliere, of which St. Longils became the first Abbot. Well knowing that study and science should distinguish the clergy, Hadouin was specially desirous of preserving for his diocese the memory of those great exemplars of virtue, who flourished in the Church of Mans before his time. He caused one of his diocesan clergy to write the Acts of St. Domnole for
10 This holy Bishop ruled for a long time
over the See of Mans. He died in extreme
old age, June 30th, in the year 623. He is
honoured, likewise, on the 6th of June, and
on the 3rd of July.
" See "Histoire Literaire de France,"
tome iii. , vii. siecle, p. 548.
12
This holy Abbot of Boisseliere is vene- rated on the 2nd of April. He is also called St. Longis. He attained a great age, and died about the year 653.
13 Also called Buxiacus or Buxidus (Bois-
selicre), in Le Sonnois, at Mans, and where a parish church had been dedicated to St.
Lonegisilus.
14 These
deed of Lonegisilus, executed A. D. 625, and about it, in his work, Chonicle, lib. ii. , to be found in the "Vetera Analecta," cap. v.
particulars
are known from the
prelates present,
and all we really know
I9 Literaire de edited by Father John Mabillon, tomus iii. , See "Histoire
France," p. 151. tome iii. , vii. siecle, pp. 532 to 534.
j s This document thus ends: "Actum
Sagonna (Sogne) mallo publico. Data viii. Kalendas Decembris, anno xlii. (sic legen- dum videtur, non lii. ) regnante Chlothario rege. "
,6 See Mabillon's "Annales Ordinis S.
Benedict! ," tomus i. , lib. xi. , num. I, pp.
330, 331.
ll He died about the commencement of
the year 628, at the age of forty-four, and he was buried at Saint-Germain-des-Pres,
"
Histoire de France," tome ii. , Premiere Partie,
near Paris. See Henri Martin's liv. x. , pp. 133,134.
l8
Flodoard gives the names of the
August 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
301
the edification of those coming after him. Furthermore, Bishop Hadouin
applied to the collection of Lives and Legends of Saints, who had then
acquired a great reputation for extraordinary virtues, especially in the churches of Gaul. It is only just to suppose, that to his zeal and diligence, the
preservation is due of many historic accounts, regarding those pious
who have rendered the Church of Mans so illustrious — personages, among
all other—s in that part of France. 20 In a place formerly called Aurion now Evron 2I the holy Bishop built a church and a monastery. These were dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, for whom he entertained a most tender devotion. It is stated, that Hadouind was induced to establish those foundations, owing to a vision he had with regard to relics brought to that
22 The first Abbot set over that
Hadouin caused monks from the Abbeys of St. Vincent and of St. Peter and St. Paul, at Mans, to take up their residence in that house. There they lived, under the rule of St. Benedict, and in their church the Divine office was regularly recited. From the year 632 to 636, wars had prevailed between the Franks and Bretons, while the diocese of Mans frequently became the theatreofsuchhostilities. Duringthesedisorders,thechurchesandmonas- teries were pillaged. So far as he could effect it, Bishop Hardouin laboured to restore their fallen state, and especially did he endeavour to repair the monasteries, then the chief cradles of religion and civilization. For such worksofpiety,hehasreceivedtheeulogiesofmanyancienthistorians. Think- ing his death was near, in the fifth year of the reign of Clovis II. , he prudently resolved to settle all his worldly affairs, so that his mind should be turned with greater freedom to dwell on the rewards he expected in a better life. On the 6th of February, a. d. 642, the Bishop made his will, in which he bequeathed rich gifts to his monastery of Notre- Dame at Evron, and in which all his property was left to the mother-church, and to the principal
monasteries of the city and diocese of Mans. The executors of this will
2
were Bodilon, a kinsman, and Audrann. 3 In the year 644, no less than twelve
ecclesiastical divisions in the kingdom 01 Clovis II. were represented in the Third Council of Chalons on the Saone ? * but as our saint could not assist in person, he sent thither the Abbot Chagnoald in his name. 25 He lived for many years afterwards ; but, as the exact duration of his episcopacy has
place by
a
pilgrim.
monastery
was
Agobert.
not been determined, the number cannot be stated with
certainty.
26 The
fullest Life of St. Domnole,2? Bishop of Mans, and who died in 581, was
written during the episcopacy of St. Hadoin, his successor, and at the request
of this latter prelate by an anonymous author, probably one of the clergy
belonging to the church of Mans. 28
20 "
See the Petits Bollandistes, Les Vies
des Saints," tome x. , xx. jour d'Aout, p.
93.
31 " A dix lieues du Mans. " Baillet's
"Les Vies des Saints," tome viii. , xx. Aoust, p. 650.
Towards the closing years of Hadouin's
ajoutent encore une annee, trompez sans doute par une mauvaise edition de la vie de notre saint, qui par une autre erasur porte que sa mort arriva le xx. jour de Janvier. Suivant la second opinion qui nous paroit la plus vraisemblable, nous croyons que saint Chadouin mourut l'an 653, parce qu'il semble qu'il avoit ete ordonne 6veque vers la fin du mois d'Aoust de l'an 623, deux mois environ apres la mort de saint Bertran son
et non— au mois de predecesseur, pas Janvier
22
See Mabillon's "Annales Ordinis S.
Benedicti," tomus i. , lib. xi. , num. li. , p.
331.
23 See Mabillon's "Vetera Analecta,"
tomus iii. ,
160.
24 See Adrien Baillet's "Les Vies des de l'annee suivante. " Adrien Baillet's "Les
p.
Saints," tome viii. , pp. 650, 651.
2s See Mabillon's "Annales Ordinis S.
Benedicti," tomus i. , lib. xiii. , num. xxx.
26 "Les uns veulent qu'elle ait £t. e de 47 ans onze mois et 24 jours, les autres de 29
Vies des Saints," &c, tome viii. , xx. Aoust,
p. 651.
a? Venerated on the 6th of May.
28 See " Histoire Literaire de la France,
ans onze mois et d'autres 23 jours,
y
29 This seems to have
preceded
the
great
tome iii. , vii. siecle, p. 548.
3o2 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 20.
life, and in the year 651, a great famine prevailed in Gaul. *9 Soon afterwards, a dreadful pestilence followed it, and this proved to be so malignant and contagious, that its death-bearing results were terrible to all there living. St. Hadouin died on the twelfth day of the September Kalends, August 20th, about the year 653 or 654. According to his desire, this holy Bishop was interred in the basilica of St. Victorius. Nevertheless, according to his will, he desired interment in the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, formerly known as the Church of the Apostles, and which had been built or restored bySt. Bertram However,itissupposed,thatfromthechurchofSt. Victor, the remains of St. Chadoin had been transferred to that more ancient church
of the Apostles, where many of the preceding bishops of Mans had been buried. In the Martyrology of Castellan, the holy Bishop called Chadoin or Haduin, Bishop of Mans, is commemorated on the 20th of August ; and, at this day, the Bollandists enter his feast, 3° on the same authority, although they notice another festival for him, and a commemoration at the 20th of
1
January. In the time of the Emperor Louis le Debonnaire,* the remains of
St. Julien, St. Turibe, St. Pavas, and St. Liboire were found in the old Church of the Apostles, with those of St. Hadouin. The remains of the latter holy Bishop 3 2 were better preserved than those of the others. Then St. Aldric 33 solemnly transferred the remains of all those saints to the cathedral, dedic—ated
to St. Gervais and St. Protais
and — elevated those of St. having Julien
as the first bishop and apostle of that district on a credence, which stood on the right side of the high altar, the remains of the other saints were deposited in a less conspicuous position. That translation of the saints' bodies, on the 25th of July, was afterwards annually commemorated in the diocese of
Mans. 3* TherethememoryofSt. Hadouinisespeciallyhonoured.
Article V. —Reputed Feast of St. Brigid, at Fesula, Italy.
;
[Aint/i Century. . ] The present St. Brigid is to be distinguished from the 1
holy Patroness of Ireland, so named, and from another St. Brigid, venerated 3"
at the 14th of March. In Dempster's Menologium Scotorum,"3 at the 2 oth of August, there is a feast set down for St. Brigid, a noble Scottish virgin, who came to her brother St. Andrew,* an Archdeacon, in a miraculous manner. He lived in the mountains at Fesula in Italy, with St. Donatus. s
Buidhe Connail or Yellow Plague, in Ireland and Great Britain, and which pre- vailed A. D. 664. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters, vol. i. , pp.
to 277, and nn. r, s, t, u, w,) ibid.
"
Miscellaneous Works of Venerable Bede," vol. ii. , " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum,"
lib. Hi. , cap. xxvii. , pp. 380, 381.
30 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv.
Augusti xx. Among the pretermitted feasts,
"Les Vies des Saints," tome x. , xxe jour d'Aout, p. 94.
33 He was the twenty-third Bishop of Mans.
34 See Adrien Baillet's "Les Vies des
274
(q. See also Rev. J. A. Giles'
Saints," tome, viii. , xx. Aoust. , p. 642. *
p. 2.
"xx. In mon- 31 Son of the celebrated Charlemagne, tibus Foesulanis Brigidae virginis, qua? ad
who reigned from A. D. 814 to 840, when he died on the 20th of June. See Henri Martin's " Histoire de France," tome ii. , liv. xiv. , pp. 365 to 408.
32 His body was found to be rose or flesh
coloured, about two hundred years after his
death. Moreover, the pontifical dress, in which he had been buried, was still entire and undecayed. See Les Petits Bollandistes.
fratrem suum Archidiaconum S. Andream e
Scotia venit, et magna Christianae vita?
Article v. — See her Life in the
Second Volume of this work, at the 1st of
February, Art i.
2
See the Third Volume of this work, at
that date. Art. ix. — 3 The entry is as follows :
continentia hie obiit. B. "—Bishop Forbes'
"
Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 209.
4 See his Life, in the present volume, at the 22nd of August.
s The feast of St. Donatus, Bishop of Fiesole occurs on the 22nd of October, where his Life may be found.
August 20.
1
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
303
We have already treated about the holy virgin St. Brigid, who lived in a
6
hermitage near the source of the little river Sieci, where during her old age,
she sought in a thick forest, among the higher Apennines, a place where she mightleadasolitarylife. Thereshedesiredtolive,inpenitenceandprayer.
She found a cave,? at a lonely place called Opacum, near Lobaco, high among the mountains. 8 There she passed a term of years, and died, during the latterhalfoftheninthcentury. 9 Theinhabitantsofthatcountry,venerating her as a saint, buried her remains, and built a church in her name, on the site of her hermitage. This was called S. Brigida. Her Natalis was cele- brated there in after years with great solemnity. The Pieve or parochial district of Lobaco owns two filial parishes, St. Brigid at Lobaco, and St.
Minatus at Pagnoli. Again, there is an ancient Church of San Martino, of
Tours, beneath the shelter of the walls of Castel Lobaco IQ and here, also, the ;
memory of our Irish St. Brigid was held in especial reverence. In his
"
festival was observed on the 1st of February, that she was renowned for
sanctity in 802, that she was miraculously brought to Italy, that her writings
have perished, and that he is unable to find when she died. It seems very piobable, however, that our Irish St. Brigid's festival abroad may have been confoundedwiththatofthegreatSt. Brigid,PatronessofIreland; otherwise it is difficult to conceive how such a coincidence could have occurred, as to cause both their feasts to fall on the same day.
Article VI. —Reputed Feast of Donart, Bishop of Murthlac andAberdeen,Scotland.
