iv
self and his brothers, in consequence of which the 164, 167; see Thrige, $$ 39-41.
self and his brothers, in consequence of which the 164, 167; see Thrige, $$ 39-41.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
Schul.
ad Aristoph.
Plut.
925;
Thera to Cyrene, was son of Polymnestus, a The Paus. iii. 14. ) Diodorus tells us (Exc. de Virt. et
raean noble, his mother, according to one account, lit. p. 232), that he governed with the mildness
being a Cretan princess. (Herod. iv. 150, 155. ) and moderation befitting a constitutional king;
By his father's side he was of the blood of the and Pindar (Pyth. v. 120, &c. ) celebrates his pious
Minyae, and 17th in descent from Euphemus the works, and especially the road (OKUPWTTi odos,
Argonaut. (Herod. iv. 150; Pind. Puth. iv. 17, comp. Böckh, Publ. Econ. of Athens, bk. ii. c. 10)
311, 455, &c. ; Apoll. Rhod. iv. 1750 ; Thrige, which he caused to be made for the sacred proces-
Res. Cyren. SS 8, 11. ) He is said to have been sion to Apollo's temple, also built by him. (Callim.
first called “ Aristoteles” (Pind. Pyth. v. 116; Hymn. in Apoll. 77. ) Where this road joined
Callim. Hymn. in Apoll. 76); and we are left the Agora, the tomb of Battus was placed, apart
entirely to conjecture for the origin of the name from that of the other kings. (Pind. Pyth. v. 125,
“ Battus," which he afterwards received. Hero- &c. ; Catull. vii. 6. ) His subjects worshipped him
dotus (iv. 155) tells us, that it was the Libyan as a hero, and we learn from Pausanias (x. 15),
word for “ king,” and believes that the oracle that they dedicated a statue of him at Delphi, re-
which commanded the colonization of Libya ap presenting him in a chariot driven by the nymph
plied it to him with reference to his future dignity. Cyrene, with Libya in the act of crowning hiin.
Others again bare supposed Bártos to have been (See Thrige, SS 26, 28. )
derived from Battapićw, and to have been expres- 2. ARCESILAUS I. ('Apkeoinaos) was a son of
sive of the alleged impediment in his speech. the above ( Herod. iv. 159); but nothing is recorded
(Suid. and Hesych. s. v. Battapiše; comp. Thrige, of him except that he reigned, and apparently in
Š 12 ; Strab. xiv. p. 662); while Thrige (l. c. ) con- quiet, for 16 years, B. C. 599--583.
siders the name to be of kindred origin with 3. Battus 11. , surnamed “the Happy," prin-
Bnoooi, the appellation of the oracular priests of cipally from his victory over A pries (Bártos ó
Dionysus among the Satrae. (Herod. ri. 111. ) | Eudaiuwv), was the son of No. 2, and the third
No less doubt is there as to the cause which led to king of the dynasty ; for the opinion of those who
the colonization of Cyrene. According to the ac- consider that Herodotus has omitted two kings
count of the Cyrenaeans, Battus, having gone to between Arcesilaus I. and the present Battus, is
consult the Delphic oracle about the removal of the founded on an erroneous punctuation of iv. 159,
physical defect above-mentioned, was enjoined to and is otherwise encumbered with considerable
lead a colony into Libya ; while the story of the chronological difficulties. (Thrige, SS 29, 42, 43;
Theraeans was, that this injunction was laid on comp. Plut. Cor. 11. ) In this reign, Cyrene
their king Grinus, and that he pointed to Battus received a great accession of strength by the in-
as a younger and fitter man for the purpose. In flux of a large number of colonists from various
either case, the command was not obeyed but with parts of Greece, principally perhaps from Pelopon-
reluctance and after a long delay. (Herod. iv. 150 nesus and from Crete and the other islands, whom
-156. ) According, again, to Menecles, an histo- the state invited over under the promise of a new
rian, perhaps of Barca (ap. Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. ir. division of lands (probably to enable herself to
10; comp. Thrige, SS 3, 15), Battus was driven make head against the neighbouring Libyans), and
forth from Thera by civil war, and was ordered by who were further urged to the migration by the
Apollo not to return to his country, but to betake Delphic oracle. (Herod. iv. 159, comp. c. 161. )
himself to the continent. Lastly, the account of This influx apparently giving rise to further en-
## p. 477 (#497) ############################################
BATTUS.
477
BATTUS.
306 It
HRC
UTO
ได้
نے ان
Bernal
Fotos
దతు
bispo
croachments on the Libyan tribes, the latter, under recorded of Battus III. The diminution of the
Adicran, their king, surrendered themselves to kingly power in his reign is not to be wondered at,
Apries, king of Egypt, and claimed his protection. when we remember that the two main causes as-
A battle ensued in the region of Irasa, B. C. 570, signed by Aristotle (Polit. v. 10, ad fin. ed. Bekk. )
in which the Egyptians were defeated, -this being for the overthrow of monarchy had been, as we
the first timc, according to Herodotus (iv. 159), bave seen, in full operation at Cyrene, – viz. quar-
tha: they had ever come into hostile collision with rels in the royal family, and the attempt to esta-
Greeks. (Comp. llerod. ii. 161; Diod. i. 68. ) This blish a tyrannical government. (Herod. iv. 16);
battle seems to have finished the war with Egypt; Diod. I. c. ; Plut. l. c. ; Thrige, $ 38; Müller, Dor.
for we read in Herodotus (ii. 181), that Amasis iii. 4. & 5, iii. 9. § 13. )
formed a marriage with Ladice, a Cyrenaean wo- 6. Arcesilaus 111. , son of Battus III. by
man, daughter perhaps of Bartus 11. (Wesseling, Pheretime, reigned, according to Thrige (5 39),
ad Herod. l. c. ), and, in other ways as well, culti- from 530 to about 514 B. c. In the early part of
vated friendly relations with the Cyrenaeans. By his reign he was driven from Cyrene in an attempt
the same victory too the sovereignty of Cyrene to recover the ancient royal privileges, and, taking
over the Libyans was confirmed. (Comp. Herod. refuge in Samos, returned with a nuinber of auxi-
iv. 160, where their revoll from Arcesilaus Il. is liaries, whom he had attached to his cause by the
spoken of. ) It was in this reign also, according to promise of a new division of lands. With their
a probable conjecture of Thrige's (S 30), that Cy- aid he regained the throne ; on which, besides
rene began to occupy the neighbouring region with taking the most cruel vengeance on his enemies,
her colonies, which seem to have been numerous. he endeavoured further to strengthen himself by
(Pind. Pyth. iv. 20, 34, v. 20. ) The period of the making submission to Cambyses, and stipulating
death of Battus II. it is impossible to settle with to pay him tribute, B. c. 525. (Herod. iv. 162-
exactness. We know only that his reign lasted 165, comp. iii. 13, 91, ii. 181. ) Terrified, how-
beyond the year 570 B. c. ; and it is pure conjec-ever, according to Herodotus (iv. 164), at the dis-
ture which would assign the end of it, with Thrige, covery that he had subjected himself to the woe
to 560, or, with Bouhier and Larcher, to 554. denounced against himn, under certain conditions,
(Thrige, $ 29; Larcher, ud Ilerod. iv. 163. ) by an obscure oracle (comp. iv. 163), or, more pro-
4. ARCESILAUS 11. , son of Battus II. , was sur- bably, being driven out by his subjects, who were
named “the oppressive" (xalenos), from his at- exasperated at his submission to the Persians (see
tempting probably to substitute a tyranny for the iv. 165, ad fin. ), he fled to Alazir, king of Barca,
Cyrenaean constitution, which had bitherto been whose daughter he had married, and was there
similar to that of Sparta. It was perhaps from slain, together with his father-in-law, by the Bar-
this cause that the dissensions arose between him- caeans and some Cyrenaean exiles. (Herod.
iv
self and his brothers, in consequence of which the 164, 167; see Thrige, $$ 39-41. )
latter withdrew from Cyrene, and founded Barca, 7. BATTUS IV. is called “the Handsome" (8
at the same time exciting the Libyau tribes to re kanós) by Heracleides Ponticus. (See Thrige, $ 30,
volt from Arcesilaus, who, in his attempt to quelln. 3. 42. ) It has been doubted by some whether
this rebellion, suffered a signal defeat at Leucon or there were any kings of the family after Arcesilaus
Leucoë, a place in the region of Marmarica. He 111. , but this point seems to be settled by Hero
met his end at last by treachery, being strangled by dotus (iv. 163) and by Pindar. (Pyth. iv. 115. )
his brother or friend, Learchus. His wife, Eryxo, The opinion of those, who suppose the names of
however, soon after avenged his death by the mur- two kings to have been omitted by Herodotus be-
der of bis assassin. His reign lasted, according to tween Arcesilaus I. and Battus “the lame," has
some, from 560 to 550 B. C. ; according to others, been noticed above. Of Batius IV. we know no-
from 554 to 544. (Herod. iv. 160; Diod. Exc. de thing. It is not improbable, however, that he
Virl. et Vit. p. 232; Plut. de Virt. Mul. pp. 260, was the son of Arcesilaus III. , and was in posses-
26); Thrige, $$ 35, 37. )
sion of the throne at the period of the capture of
5. Battus III. , or “the lame” (xwós), son of Barca by the Persians, about 512 B. c. (Herod.
Arcesilaus 11. , reigned from B. c. 550 to 530, or, iv. 203. ) At least the peaceable admission of the
as some state it, from 544 to 529. In his time, latter into Cyrene (Herod. l. c. ) may seem to point
the Cyrenaeans, weakened by internal seditions, to the prevalence there of a Medizing policy, such
apprehensive of assaults from Libya and Egypi, as we might expect from a son or near relative of
and distressed too perhaps by the consciousness of Arcesilaus III. The chronology of this reign is
the king's inefficiency, invited Demonax, a Manti- involved in as much obscurity as the events of it,
nean, by the advice of the Delphic oracle, to settle and it is impossible therefore to assign any exact
the constitution of the city. The conflicting claims date either to its beginning or its end. (See Thrige,
of the original colonists with those of the later set- SS 42–44. )
tlers, and the due distribution of power between 8. ARCESILAUS IV. , son probably of Battus IV. ,
the sovereign and the commonalty, were the main is the prince whose victory in the chariot-race at
difficulties with which he had to deal. With re- the Pythian gawes, B. c. 466, is celebrated by
spect to the foriner point, he substituted for the old | Pin in his 4th and 5th Pythian odes ; and
division of tribes an entirely new one, in which these, in fact, together with the Scholia upon them,
however some privileges, in regard to their relation are our sole authority for the life and reign of this
to the Depioikoi, were reserved to those of Therean last of the Battiadae. From them, even in the
descent; while the royal power he reduced within midst of all the praises of him which they contain,
very narrow limits, leaving to the king only cer- it appears, that he endeavoured to make himself
tain selected lands, and the enjoyment of some despotic, and had recourse, among other means, to
priestly functions (teuevec kad ipwoúvas), with the the expedient (a favourite one with tyrants, ree
privilege probably (see Herod. iv. 165) of pre- Aristot. Polit. iii. 13, v. 10, 11, ed. Bekk. ) of
sidency in the council. We hear nothing more ridding himself of the nobles of the state. Indced
1 c! !
d. 2007
De
is.
Lembit
Pelbagai
c
juli
## p. 478 (#498) ############################################
473
BAUCIS.
BEBRYCE.
one main object of Pindar in the 4th Pythian | Tenos, and a friend of Erinna. She died at a youth-
ode seems to have been to induce Arcesilaus to ful age, just before her marriage, and Erinna is
adopt a more prudent and moderate course, and in said to have written the epitaph upon her which
particular to recall Demophilus, a banished Cyre- is still extant, and which, together with another
naean nobleman then living at Thebes. (See espe- fragment of Erinna, contains all we know about
cially Pyth. iv. 468, &c. , ei gap TIS COUS, K. 7. n. ; Baucis. (Anthol. Gr. vii. 710, 712; Bergk, Poct.
Böckh and Dissen, ad loc. ) It is further probable Lyr. Gr. p. 633. )
[L. S. ]
(Thrige, $ 45), that the city “ Hesperides" in BAVIUS and MAE'VIUS, whose names have
the Cyrenaic Pentapolis (afterwards called “ Bere become a by-word of scorn for all jealous and ma-
nice” from the wife of Ptolemy Euergetes) was levolent poetasters, owe their unenviable immor-
founded by Arcesilaus IV. , with the view of tality solely to the enmity which they displayed
securing a retreat for himself in the event of the towards the rising genius of the most distinguished
buccessful rebellion of his subjects. It is not of their contemporaries, and would probably never
known whether he died by violence or not ; but have been heard of but for the well-known line of
after his death royalty was abolished, and his son Virgil (Ed. iii. 90): “Qui Bavium non odit amet
Battus, who had fled to Hesperides, was there tua carmina, Maevi," the Epode of Horace where
murdered, and his head was thrown into the sea evil fortune is heartily anticipated to the ship
Various dates have been assigned for the conclusion which bore “ rank Maevius” as its freight, and a
of the dynasty of the Battiadae ; but nothing is caustic epigram by Domitius Marsus, in which one
certain, except that it could not have ended before and probably both are wittily assailed. Upon the
B. C. 460, in which year Arcesilaus IV. won the first of these passages we have the remark of Ser-
chariot-race at Olympia,–
--- nor after 401, when we vius, “ Maevius et Barius pessimi fuerunt poetae,
hear of violent seditions between the Cyrenaean inimici tam Horatio quam Virgilio, unde Horatius
nobles and populace. (Diod. xiv. 34 ; Aristot. Epod. x. etc. " and again, upon the “ serite hordea
Polit. vi. 4, ed. Bekk. ) Thrige is disposed to place campis," in Georgic. i. 210, the same commentator
the commencement of popular government about observes, sane reprehensus Virgilius dicitur a
450. (Res Cyrenensium, $ 24, 45, 46, 48; comp. Bavio et Maevio hoc versu
Müller, Dor. iii. 9. & 13. ) The father of Callima-
Hordea qui dixit, superest ut tritica dicat,"
chus was a Cyrenaean of the name of Battus from which it would appear, that their attack was
(Suidas, s. v. Kaliuayos); and the poet, who is in the form of a poetical satire, and was noreover
often called “ Battiades," seems to have claimed
a joint undertaking. Philargyrius, in his exposi-
descent from the royal blood. (Callim. Hymn in
A poll. 65, &c. , Ep. 37 ; Ovid. Trist. ii
. 367; account of these personages as Servius, adds, that
tion of the third Eclogue, after giving the same
Catull. 66. )
[E. E. ]
M. Bavius was a “curator," a designation so inde-
BAU BÓ (Bavbu or Ba6w), a mythical woman
of Eleusis, whom Hesychius calls the nurse of De finite, that it determines nothing except the fact
meter; but the common story runs thus : on her St. Jerome, in the Eusebian chronicle, records that
that he enjoyed some public appointment. Finally,
wanderings in search of her daughter, Demeter M. Bavius, the poet, stigmatised by Virgil in his
came to Baubo, who received her hospitably, and Bucolics, died in Cappadocia, in the third year of the
offered her something to drink; but when the god hundred and eighty-sixth Olympiad, that is, B. c. 35.
dess, being too much under the influence of grief, Porphyrion (ad Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 239) tells us, that
refused to drink, Baubo made such a strange ges- Maevius was the author of a work upon the son of
ture, that the goddess smiled and accepted the Aesopus the tragedian, and his luxury; the old
draught. (Clem. Alex. Cohort. p. 17. ) In the frag- Scholiast published by Longinus (Epod. x. ) ob-
ment of the Orphic hyron, which Clemens Alex.
“ Maevius poeta fuit inimicus Horatii, ob-
adds to this account, it is further related, that a
trectator certe omnium rirorum doctorum, ipse
boy of the name of Iacchus made an indecent ges-
ture at the grief of Demeter. Arnobius (Adv.
sectator vocum antiquarum," and an early anno-
Gert. v. p. 175) repeats the story of Baubo from is the person there spoken of who lampooned the
tator upon the Ibis (1. 525) asserts, that Maevius
Clemens, but without mentioning the boy Iacchus, Athenians, was thrown into prison in consequence,
who is otherwise unknown, and, if meant for Dio and starred to death ; but this story has not found
nysus, is out of place here. The different stories credit among scholars, although many disputes have
concerning the reception of Demeter at Eleusis
seem all to be inventions of later times, coined for arisen as to the individual actually referred to.
the purpose of giving a mythical origin to the jokes tributed the practical joke played off upon Virgil,
To one or other of these worthies has been at-
in which the women used to indulge at the festival who, when rehearsing the first book of his Geor-
of this goddess. [ASCALABUS and ASCALAPHUS, gics, having chanced to make a pause after the
No. 2. )
[L. S. )
words
BAUCIS, a Phrygian woman, in whose humble
Nudus ara, sere nudus-
dwelling Jupiter and Mercury were hospitably re-
ceived, after having been refused admission by some one of the audience completed the verse by
every one else in the country. Baucis and her exclaiming
husband Philemon were therefore saved by the
-- habebis frigore febrem.
gods when they visited the country with an inun. And to them also have been ascribed the Anti-
dation ; and Jupiter made Baucis and Philemon bucolica, two pastorals written expressly as a parody
priests in his temple; and when the two mortals upon the Eclogues soon after their publication.
expressed a wish to die together, Jupiter granted (Donat. Vit. Virg. vii. & 28, xvi. $ 61; Weichert,
their request by changing them simultaneously Poet. Lat. Reliqu. , &c. , p. 308, &c. ) (W. R. ]
into trees. (Ov. Met. viu. 620-724. ) [L. S. ] BEBIUS MASSA. [Massa. ]
BAUCIS (Baukis), a Greek poetess, who is BEBRYCE (Beépúkn), one of the Danaids,
called a disciple of Sappho. She was a native of whom Apollodorus (i.
Thera to Cyrene, was son of Polymnestus, a The Paus. iii. 14. ) Diodorus tells us (Exc. de Virt. et
raean noble, his mother, according to one account, lit. p. 232), that he governed with the mildness
being a Cretan princess. (Herod. iv. 150, 155. ) and moderation befitting a constitutional king;
By his father's side he was of the blood of the and Pindar (Pyth. v. 120, &c. ) celebrates his pious
Minyae, and 17th in descent from Euphemus the works, and especially the road (OKUPWTTi odos,
Argonaut. (Herod. iv. 150; Pind. Puth. iv. 17, comp. Böckh, Publ. Econ. of Athens, bk. ii. c. 10)
311, 455, &c. ; Apoll. Rhod. iv. 1750 ; Thrige, which he caused to be made for the sacred proces-
Res. Cyren. SS 8, 11. ) He is said to have been sion to Apollo's temple, also built by him. (Callim.
first called “ Aristoteles” (Pind. Pyth. v. 116; Hymn. in Apoll. 77. ) Where this road joined
Callim. Hymn. in Apoll. 76); and we are left the Agora, the tomb of Battus was placed, apart
entirely to conjecture for the origin of the name from that of the other kings. (Pind. Pyth. v. 125,
“ Battus," which he afterwards received. Hero- &c. ; Catull. vii. 6. ) His subjects worshipped him
dotus (iv. 155) tells us, that it was the Libyan as a hero, and we learn from Pausanias (x. 15),
word for “ king,” and believes that the oracle that they dedicated a statue of him at Delphi, re-
which commanded the colonization of Libya ap presenting him in a chariot driven by the nymph
plied it to him with reference to his future dignity. Cyrene, with Libya in the act of crowning hiin.
Others again bare supposed Bártos to have been (See Thrige, SS 26, 28. )
derived from Battapićw, and to have been expres- 2. ARCESILAUS I. ('Apkeoinaos) was a son of
sive of the alleged impediment in his speech. the above ( Herod. iv. 159); but nothing is recorded
(Suid. and Hesych. s. v. Battapiše; comp. Thrige, of him except that he reigned, and apparently in
Š 12 ; Strab. xiv. p. 662); while Thrige (l. c. ) con- quiet, for 16 years, B. C. 599--583.
siders the name to be of kindred origin with 3. Battus 11. , surnamed “the Happy," prin-
Bnoooi, the appellation of the oracular priests of cipally from his victory over A pries (Bártos ó
Dionysus among the Satrae. (Herod. ri. 111. ) | Eudaiuwv), was the son of No. 2, and the third
No less doubt is there as to the cause which led to king of the dynasty ; for the opinion of those who
the colonization of Cyrene. According to the ac- consider that Herodotus has omitted two kings
count of the Cyrenaeans, Battus, having gone to between Arcesilaus I. and the present Battus, is
consult the Delphic oracle about the removal of the founded on an erroneous punctuation of iv. 159,
physical defect above-mentioned, was enjoined to and is otherwise encumbered with considerable
lead a colony into Libya ; while the story of the chronological difficulties. (Thrige, SS 29, 42, 43;
Theraeans was, that this injunction was laid on comp. Plut. Cor. 11. ) In this reign, Cyrene
their king Grinus, and that he pointed to Battus received a great accession of strength by the in-
as a younger and fitter man for the purpose. In flux of a large number of colonists from various
either case, the command was not obeyed but with parts of Greece, principally perhaps from Pelopon-
reluctance and after a long delay. (Herod. iv. 150 nesus and from Crete and the other islands, whom
-156. ) According, again, to Menecles, an histo- the state invited over under the promise of a new
rian, perhaps of Barca (ap. Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. ir. division of lands (probably to enable herself to
10; comp. Thrige, SS 3, 15), Battus was driven make head against the neighbouring Libyans), and
forth from Thera by civil war, and was ordered by who were further urged to the migration by the
Apollo not to return to his country, but to betake Delphic oracle. (Herod. iv. 159, comp. c. 161. )
himself to the continent. Lastly, the account of This influx apparently giving rise to further en-
## p. 477 (#497) ############################################
BATTUS.
477
BATTUS.
306 It
HRC
UTO
ได้
نے ان
Bernal
Fotos
దతు
bispo
croachments on the Libyan tribes, the latter, under recorded of Battus III. The diminution of the
Adicran, their king, surrendered themselves to kingly power in his reign is not to be wondered at,
Apries, king of Egypt, and claimed his protection. when we remember that the two main causes as-
A battle ensued in the region of Irasa, B. C. 570, signed by Aristotle (Polit. v. 10, ad fin. ed. Bekk. )
in which the Egyptians were defeated, -this being for the overthrow of monarchy had been, as we
the first timc, according to Herodotus (iv. 159), bave seen, in full operation at Cyrene, – viz. quar-
tha: they had ever come into hostile collision with rels in the royal family, and the attempt to esta-
Greeks. (Comp. llerod. ii. 161; Diod. i. 68. ) This blish a tyrannical government. (Herod. iv. 16);
battle seems to have finished the war with Egypt; Diod. I. c. ; Plut. l. c. ; Thrige, $ 38; Müller, Dor.
for we read in Herodotus (ii. 181), that Amasis iii. 4. & 5, iii. 9. § 13. )
formed a marriage with Ladice, a Cyrenaean wo- 6. Arcesilaus 111. , son of Battus III. by
man, daughter perhaps of Bartus 11. (Wesseling, Pheretime, reigned, according to Thrige (5 39),
ad Herod. l. c. ), and, in other ways as well, culti- from 530 to about 514 B. c. In the early part of
vated friendly relations with the Cyrenaeans. By his reign he was driven from Cyrene in an attempt
the same victory too the sovereignty of Cyrene to recover the ancient royal privileges, and, taking
over the Libyans was confirmed. (Comp. Herod. refuge in Samos, returned with a nuinber of auxi-
iv. 160, where their revoll from Arcesilaus Il. is liaries, whom he had attached to his cause by the
spoken of. ) It was in this reign also, according to promise of a new division of lands. With their
a probable conjecture of Thrige's (S 30), that Cy- aid he regained the throne ; on which, besides
rene began to occupy the neighbouring region with taking the most cruel vengeance on his enemies,
her colonies, which seem to have been numerous. he endeavoured further to strengthen himself by
(Pind. Pyth. iv. 20, 34, v. 20. ) The period of the making submission to Cambyses, and stipulating
death of Battus II. it is impossible to settle with to pay him tribute, B. c. 525. (Herod. iv. 162-
exactness. We know only that his reign lasted 165, comp. iii. 13, 91, ii. 181. ) Terrified, how-
beyond the year 570 B. c. ; and it is pure conjec-ever, according to Herodotus (iv. 164), at the dis-
ture which would assign the end of it, with Thrige, covery that he had subjected himself to the woe
to 560, or, with Bouhier and Larcher, to 554. denounced against himn, under certain conditions,
(Thrige, $ 29; Larcher, ud Ilerod. iv. 163. ) by an obscure oracle (comp. iv. 163), or, more pro-
4. ARCESILAUS 11. , son of Battus II. , was sur- bably, being driven out by his subjects, who were
named “the oppressive" (xalenos), from his at- exasperated at his submission to the Persians (see
tempting probably to substitute a tyranny for the iv. 165, ad fin. ), he fled to Alazir, king of Barca,
Cyrenaean constitution, which had bitherto been whose daughter he had married, and was there
similar to that of Sparta. It was perhaps from slain, together with his father-in-law, by the Bar-
this cause that the dissensions arose between him- caeans and some Cyrenaean exiles. (Herod.
iv
self and his brothers, in consequence of which the 164, 167; see Thrige, $$ 39-41. )
latter withdrew from Cyrene, and founded Barca, 7. BATTUS IV. is called “the Handsome" (8
at the same time exciting the Libyau tribes to re kanós) by Heracleides Ponticus. (See Thrige, $ 30,
volt from Arcesilaus, who, in his attempt to quelln. 3. 42. ) It has been doubted by some whether
this rebellion, suffered a signal defeat at Leucon or there were any kings of the family after Arcesilaus
Leucoë, a place in the region of Marmarica. He 111. , but this point seems to be settled by Hero
met his end at last by treachery, being strangled by dotus (iv. 163) and by Pindar. (Pyth. iv. 115. )
his brother or friend, Learchus. His wife, Eryxo, The opinion of those, who suppose the names of
however, soon after avenged his death by the mur- two kings to have been omitted by Herodotus be-
der of bis assassin. His reign lasted, according to tween Arcesilaus I. and Battus “the lame," has
some, from 560 to 550 B. C. ; according to others, been noticed above. Of Batius IV. we know no-
from 554 to 544. (Herod. iv. 160; Diod. Exc. de thing. It is not improbable, however, that he
Virl. et Vit. p. 232; Plut. de Virt. Mul. pp. 260, was the son of Arcesilaus III. , and was in posses-
26); Thrige, $$ 35, 37. )
sion of the throne at the period of the capture of
5. Battus III. , or “the lame” (xwós), son of Barca by the Persians, about 512 B. c. (Herod.
Arcesilaus 11. , reigned from B. c. 550 to 530, or, iv. 203. ) At least the peaceable admission of the
as some state it, from 544 to 529. In his time, latter into Cyrene (Herod. l. c. ) may seem to point
the Cyrenaeans, weakened by internal seditions, to the prevalence there of a Medizing policy, such
apprehensive of assaults from Libya and Egypi, as we might expect from a son or near relative of
and distressed too perhaps by the consciousness of Arcesilaus III. The chronology of this reign is
the king's inefficiency, invited Demonax, a Manti- involved in as much obscurity as the events of it,
nean, by the advice of the Delphic oracle, to settle and it is impossible therefore to assign any exact
the constitution of the city. The conflicting claims date either to its beginning or its end. (See Thrige,
of the original colonists with those of the later set- SS 42–44. )
tlers, and the due distribution of power between 8. ARCESILAUS IV. , son probably of Battus IV. ,
the sovereign and the commonalty, were the main is the prince whose victory in the chariot-race at
difficulties with which he had to deal. With re- the Pythian gawes, B. c. 466, is celebrated by
spect to the foriner point, he substituted for the old | Pin in his 4th and 5th Pythian odes ; and
division of tribes an entirely new one, in which these, in fact, together with the Scholia upon them,
however some privileges, in regard to their relation are our sole authority for the life and reign of this
to the Depioikoi, were reserved to those of Therean last of the Battiadae. From them, even in the
descent; while the royal power he reduced within midst of all the praises of him which they contain,
very narrow limits, leaving to the king only cer- it appears, that he endeavoured to make himself
tain selected lands, and the enjoyment of some despotic, and had recourse, among other means, to
priestly functions (teuevec kad ipwoúvas), with the the expedient (a favourite one with tyrants, ree
privilege probably (see Herod. iv. 165) of pre- Aristot. Polit. iii. 13, v. 10, 11, ed. Bekk. ) of
sidency in the council. We hear nothing more ridding himself of the nobles of the state. Indced
1 c! !
d. 2007
De
is.
Lembit
Pelbagai
c
juli
## p. 478 (#498) ############################################
473
BAUCIS.
BEBRYCE.
one main object of Pindar in the 4th Pythian | Tenos, and a friend of Erinna. She died at a youth-
ode seems to have been to induce Arcesilaus to ful age, just before her marriage, and Erinna is
adopt a more prudent and moderate course, and in said to have written the epitaph upon her which
particular to recall Demophilus, a banished Cyre- is still extant, and which, together with another
naean nobleman then living at Thebes. (See espe- fragment of Erinna, contains all we know about
cially Pyth. iv. 468, &c. , ei gap TIS COUS, K. 7. n. ; Baucis. (Anthol. Gr. vii. 710, 712; Bergk, Poct.
Böckh and Dissen, ad loc. ) It is further probable Lyr. Gr. p. 633. )
[L. S. ]
(Thrige, $ 45), that the city “ Hesperides" in BAVIUS and MAE'VIUS, whose names have
the Cyrenaic Pentapolis (afterwards called “ Bere become a by-word of scorn for all jealous and ma-
nice” from the wife of Ptolemy Euergetes) was levolent poetasters, owe their unenviable immor-
founded by Arcesilaus IV. , with the view of tality solely to the enmity which they displayed
securing a retreat for himself in the event of the towards the rising genius of the most distinguished
buccessful rebellion of his subjects. It is not of their contemporaries, and would probably never
known whether he died by violence or not ; but have been heard of but for the well-known line of
after his death royalty was abolished, and his son Virgil (Ed. iii. 90): “Qui Bavium non odit amet
Battus, who had fled to Hesperides, was there tua carmina, Maevi," the Epode of Horace where
murdered, and his head was thrown into the sea evil fortune is heartily anticipated to the ship
Various dates have been assigned for the conclusion which bore “ rank Maevius” as its freight, and a
of the dynasty of the Battiadae ; but nothing is caustic epigram by Domitius Marsus, in which one
certain, except that it could not have ended before and probably both are wittily assailed. Upon the
B. C. 460, in which year Arcesilaus IV. won the first of these passages we have the remark of Ser-
chariot-race at Olympia,–
--- nor after 401, when we vius, “ Maevius et Barius pessimi fuerunt poetae,
hear of violent seditions between the Cyrenaean inimici tam Horatio quam Virgilio, unde Horatius
nobles and populace. (Diod. xiv. 34 ; Aristot. Epod. x. etc. " and again, upon the “ serite hordea
Polit. vi. 4, ed. Bekk. ) Thrige is disposed to place campis," in Georgic. i. 210, the same commentator
the commencement of popular government about observes, sane reprehensus Virgilius dicitur a
450. (Res Cyrenensium, $ 24, 45, 46, 48; comp. Bavio et Maevio hoc versu
Müller, Dor. iii. 9. & 13. ) The father of Callima-
Hordea qui dixit, superest ut tritica dicat,"
chus was a Cyrenaean of the name of Battus from which it would appear, that their attack was
(Suidas, s. v. Kaliuayos); and the poet, who is in the form of a poetical satire, and was noreover
often called “ Battiades," seems to have claimed
a joint undertaking. Philargyrius, in his exposi-
descent from the royal blood. (Callim. Hymn in
A poll. 65, &c. , Ep. 37 ; Ovid. Trist. ii
. 367; account of these personages as Servius, adds, that
tion of the third Eclogue, after giving the same
Catull. 66. )
[E. E. ]
M. Bavius was a “curator," a designation so inde-
BAU BÓ (Bavbu or Ba6w), a mythical woman
of Eleusis, whom Hesychius calls the nurse of De finite, that it determines nothing except the fact
meter; but the common story runs thus : on her St. Jerome, in the Eusebian chronicle, records that
that he enjoyed some public appointment. Finally,
wanderings in search of her daughter, Demeter M. Bavius, the poet, stigmatised by Virgil in his
came to Baubo, who received her hospitably, and Bucolics, died in Cappadocia, in the third year of the
offered her something to drink; but when the god hundred and eighty-sixth Olympiad, that is, B. c. 35.
dess, being too much under the influence of grief, Porphyrion (ad Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 239) tells us, that
refused to drink, Baubo made such a strange ges- Maevius was the author of a work upon the son of
ture, that the goddess smiled and accepted the Aesopus the tragedian, and his luxury; the old
draught. (Clem. Alex. Cohort. p. 17. ) In the frag- Scholiast published by Longinus (Epod. x. ) ob-
ment of the Orphic hyron, which Clemens Alex.
“ Maevius poeta fuit inimicus Horatii, ob-
adds to this account, it is further related, that a
trectator certe omnium rirorum doctorum, ipse
boy of the name of Iacchus made an indecent ges-
ture at the grief of Demeter. Arnobius (Adv.
sectator vocum antiquarum," and an early anno-
Gert. v. p. 175) repeats the story of Baubo from is the person there spoken of who lampooned the
tator upon the Ibis (1. 525) asserts, that Maevius
Clemens, but without mentioning the boy Iacchus, Athenians, was thrown into prison in consequence,
who is otherwise unknown, and, if meant for Dio and starred to death ; but this story has not found
nysus, is out of place here. The different stories credit among scholars, although many disputes have
concerning the reception of Demeter at Eleusis
seem all to be inventions of later times, coined for arisen as to the individual actually referred to.
the purpose of giving a mythical origin to the jokes tributed the practical joke played off upon Virgil,
To one or other of these worthies has been at-
in which the women used to indulge at the festival who, when rehearsing the first book of his Geor-
of this goddess. [ASCALABUS and ASCALAPHUS, gics, having chanced to make a pause after the
No. 2. )
[L. S. )
words
BAUCIS, a Phrygian woman, in whose humble
Nudus ara, sere nudus-
dwelling Jupiter and Mercury were hospitably re-
ceived, after having been refused admission by some one of the audience completed the verse by
every one else in the country. Baucis and her exclaiming
husband Philemon were therefore saved by the
-- habebis frigore febrem.
gods when they visited the country with an inun. And to them also have been ascribed the Anti-
dation ; and Jupiter made Baucis and Philemon bucolica, two pastorals written expressly as a parody
priests in his temple; and when the two mortals upon the Eclogues soon after their publication.
expressed a wish to die together, Jupiter granted (Donat. Vit. Virg. vii. & 28, xvi. $ 61; Weichert,
their request by changing them simultaneously Poet. Lat. Reliqu. , &c. , p. 308, &c. ) (W. R. ]
into trees. (Ov. Met. viu. 620-724. ) [L. S. ] BEBIUS MASSA. [Massa. ]
BAUCIS (Baukis), a Greek poetess, who is BEBRYCE (Beépúkn), one of the Danaids,
called a disciple of Sappho. She was a native of whom Apollodorus (i.
