No More Learning

(Creuser, Symbolik, par Guigniaut, vol. 2, pt.
I, p 416, seqq. )
],<<KivuM, a town of Apulia, which appears to have
selonged once to the Frentani, from the name of Lari-
nates Frentani attached to its inhabitants by Pliny (3,
12). It was situate on the road which led from Pice-
num into Apulia. (Lie. , 22, 18. ) Its ruins, which
arc said to be considerable, occupy the site called La-
rina Vecckio. (Romanclli, vol. 3, p. 20. )
Lakissa, I. a town of Syria, on the western side of
the Orontes, southeast of Apamea. It was either
founded or else re-established by Scleucus Nicator.
(Appian, B. Syr. , c. 57. ) Pliny calls the inhabitants
Lanosaei (5, 23). The city appears to have made no
figure in history. Its true Oriental name would seem
to have been Sizara, or something closely resembling
it. Stephanus Byzantinus (s. r>) gives Sizara (Xifcpa)
as the Syriac name of the place, and Abulfeda (Tab.
? Syr. , p. 110) and other Arabian writers speak of a
fortress in this quarter named Schaitar or Sjaizar.
(Compare Sehullens, Index ad Vilam Saladini, *. r.
Siajzarum. )--II. A town of Lydia, in the Caystrian
field, and territory of Ephcsus. It had a famous tem-
ple of Apollo. Larissa was situate near Mount Tmo-
lus, 180 stadia from Ephesus, and 30 stadia from Tral-
les, on the northern side of the Messogis. The adja-
cent country produced very good wine. (Strabo, 620. )
--III. A town on the coast of Troas, north of Colonae
and Alexandres Troas. Whether it is the same with
the place assigned by Homer to the Pelasgi (II. , 2,
841) is uncertain. Strabo, however, decides in favour
of the Larissa below Cumae. (Manncrt, Geogr. , vol.
6, pt. 3, p. 465. )--IV. A town of iEolis, in Asia Mi-
nor, to the southeast of Cyme, and on the northern
bank of the Hermus. (Mannert, Geogr. , vol. 6, pt. 3,
p. 394. ) It is supposed by Strabo to have been the
nme with the Larissa mentioned by Homer (7/. , 2,
841), and was called by the ^Eolians, after it was ta-
? ? ken by them from the Pelasgi, Phriconis, for distinc-
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? LAT
LAT
from Mount Scollis, which Homer (II. , 11, 757) des-
ignates by the name of "Olenian rock. " (Strabo,
387. ) The modern name of this river is Rissa or
Mana. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 3, p. 73. )
Lariub, Lacus, a lake of Cisalpine Gaul, north of
(he Padua, and east of the Lacus Verbanus. The
name Lariua is supposed to have been of Etrurian ori-
gin. "Whatever truth, however, there may have been
in this conjecture, there is no mention of the name
prior to the time of Polybius, who, as Strabo (209) re-
ports, estimated its length at 300 stadia and its breadth
at 30, or 38 miles by 4. Servius says that Cato reck-
oned 60 miles from one extremity to the other, and the
real distance, including the Lake of Ckiavenna, is not
short of that measurement; so that Virgil (Georg. , 2,
159) seems justified in saying, " Anne lacus lanlos?
tc Lari maximc--" The younger Pliny had two vil-
las on this lake, which he describes (Epist. , 9, 7).
The one which he calls his Twgedy stood probably
at Bellagio, as from thence the view extends over
both arms of the lake. The intermitting fountain, of
which he gives an account (4, 20), still exists under
the name of Plmiana. This lake receives the Addua
or Adda, which again emerges from it, and pursues its
course to the Po. The modern name is Logo di Co-
mo, from the modern Como, the ancient Comum. The
surrounding country is highly picturesque, being cov-
ered with vineyards, interspersed with beautiful villas,
and skirted by lefty mountains. A headland, run-
ning boldly into the lake at its southern end, causes it
to branch off into two arms, at the extremity of the
western one of which the town of Como is situate. ?
Lars or Lartes Tolumnius, a king of the Wien-
ie? , slain in battle by Cornelius Cossus. (Vid. Spo-
ja Opima. --Liv. , 4, 17. --Id. , 4, ID. )
Lartids Florus, I. T. , a consul, who appeased a
sedition raised by the poorer citizens, and was the first
dictator ever chosen at Rome, B. C. 493. (Liv. , 2,
18. )--II. Spurius, one of the three P. oi/ir. s who with-
stood the fury of Porscnna's army at ti. s head 'of a
bridge while the communication was cutting down be-
hind them. His companions were Cociss and Her-
minius. (Vid. Cocles. --Lit. , 2, 10, 18. --Dionys. H.
--Vol. Max. , 3, 2. )
Larv/t. , a name giicn to the wicked spirits and ap-
paritions which, according to the notions of the Ro-
mans, issued from their graves in the night, and came
10 terrify the world. (Consult remaiks under the ar-
ticle Lares. )
Lasds, a celebrated dithyrambic poet, born at Her-
mione in Argolis, and, according to some authorities,
the instmcter of Pindar. (Thorn. Mag. , Vit. Pind. )
He was contemporary with Simonides (Aristoph. ,
Vetp. , UOl--Schol. , Vesp. , 1402), and flourished in
the reign of Hipparchus at Athens (Herod. , 7, 6), and
in the reign of Darius. (Schol. , Vetp. , 1401. ) He
was the first that introduced the dithyrambic measure
into the celebrations at the Olympic games. The
poet Archilochus, however, who was much older than
Lasus, uses the word Dithyrambus in two verses cited
by Atheneus (p. 628), so that Lasus could not have
been the inventor of this species of measure. (Bent-
ley, Diss, on Phalaris, p. 254, ed. 1816. )
Litis* FkiiT. *, or Latin Holydays, a festival
among the Romans. It was originally the solemn
meeting of the cantons of Latium, and afterward, on
tbo overthrow of the Latin republic, was converted
? ? into a Roman celebration. At first the Romans took
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? L AT
LAT
experienced a total defeat near the Lake Regillns, and
were obliged to sue for peace. (Dion. Hal. , 6, 18. )
According to this historian, the Latins received the
thanks of the Roman senate, some years afterward,
for havii,g taken no advantage of the disturbances at
Rome, which finally led to the secession of the people
to Mons Sacer, and for having, on the contrary, offered
? very assistance in their power on that occasion; he
aids also that a perpetual league was formed at that time
between the Romans and the Latins. However, about
143 years afterward, we find the latter openly rebell-
ing, and refusing to supply the usual quota of troops
which they had agreed to furnish as allies of Rome.
Theii bold demand, which was urged through L. An-
nuls Setmus, in the Roman senate, that one of the
consuls at least should be chosen out of their nation,
led to an open rupture. A war followed, which was
rendered remarkable from the circumstances of the
eiecution of the young Manlius by order of his father,
and the devotion of Dcr. ius. After having been de-
feated in several encounters, the Latins were reduced
to subjection, with the exception of a few towns,
which experienced greater lenity, and Latium thence-
forth ceased to be an independent state. (Liv. , 8,
14-- Plin , 34,5. ) At that time the rights of Roman
citizens had been granted to a few only of the Latin
cities; but at a later period the Gracchi sought to
level all such distinctions between the Latins and the
Romans. This measure, however, was not carried.
The Social war followed; and though the confederates
were finally conquered, after a long and desperate
contest, the senate thought it advisable to decree,
that all the Latin cities which had not taken part with
the allies should enjoy the rights of Roman citizens.
Many of these towns were, however, deprived of their
privileges by Sylla; and it was not till the close of the
republic that the Latins were admitted generally to par-
ticipate in all the rights and immunities enjoyed by the
Quinies. (Suet. , Vit. Jul. , 8. --Ascon. , Pcd. in Pis. ,
p. 490. --On the Jus Latii and Jus Italicum, consult
lapsius, ad Tacit. , Ann. , 11, 24. -- Pantin. , Comm.
Rap. Rom. , 3, p. 329. --Spanheim, Orb. Horn. , 1,
16. )--The name of Latium was at first given to that
portion of Italy only which extends from the mouth of
the Tiber to the Circsan promontory, a distance of
about 50 miles along the coast; but subsequently this
latter boundary was removed to the river Liris. whence
arose the distinction of Latium Antiquum and Novum.
(Strabo, 231-- Plin. , 3, 5. ) At a still later period,
the southern boundary of Latium was extended from
the Liris to the mouth of the river Vulturnus and the
Massichills. (Cramer's Anc. Italy, vol. 2, p. 1, seqq. )
Latuus, a mountain of Caria, near Miletus. It was
famous as having been the scene of the fable of En-
dymion. (Vii. Endymion.
) In the vicinity of this
mountain stood the city of Heraclea, commonly termed
TipaxXeia % im> Aar/ioi, "Heraclea below, or at the
foot of, Latmus. " The mountain gave to the adja-
cent oay the name of Latmicus Sinus. (Mela, 1,
17-- Plin. , 5, 29. )
LAToaalui, a people of Belgic Gaul, in the vicinity
of the Tulingi, Rauraci, and Helvetii, whose country
lay on the banks of the Rhine, about 90 miles to the
? rest of the Lacus Brigantinus, or Lake of Constance.
If they are the uation called by Ptolemy Latobici, they
must have changed their settlements before that geog-
rapher wrote, as he includes their territories in Pan-
? ? aonia near Noricum. (Cos. , B. G , 1, 2. --Id. ib,
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? LAIT
J. Afl
Laveena, a Romar divinity, the patron-goddess of
thieves, who were anciently called Lavernioncs (Fes-
tun, s. v. ), and of all, in general, who practised artifice
and fraud. (Horat. , Epist. , 1, 16, 60. ) At Rome
she had an altar by the temple of Tellus, near the gate
which was called from her the gate of Laverna.
(Varro, L. L. , 4, p. 45. ) There was also a temple
of this goddess near Famis. (Cic. , Ep. ad Alt. , 7,
8. ) Her name is probably derived from lateo, signifi-
catory o( darkness or obscurity. (Compare the change
of / and v in riXXu and vdlo; wVAu and volo; /cAtrtif
and duns, &c. -- Kcightlcy's Mythology, p. 529. --
Consult Mem. Acad, des Inscript. , dec, vol. 7, p. 77,
"De la beetle Laverne. ")
Laveknium, a temple of Laverna, near Formix.
(Cic. , Alt. , 7, 8. )
LavinIa, a daughter of King Latinus. and Amata,
promised by her mother in marriage to Turnus, but
given eventually to ^Eneas. (Vid. Latinus. ) At her
husband's death she was left pregnant, and being fear-
ful of Ascanius, her step-son, she fled into the woods,
where she brought forth a son called vEueas Sylvius.
(Yirg. , Mn. , 6, 7-- Ovid, Met. , 14, 507. --Liv. , 1, 1. )
Lavinium, a city of Latium, situate on the river
Numicius, near the coast, and to the west of Ardea.
It was said to have been founded by . ^Cneas, on his
marriage with the daughter of Latinus (Dion. Hal. , 1,
45. --Liv. , 1. 1); this story, however, would go but
little towards proving the existence of such a town, if
i were not actually enumerated among the cities of
Latium by Strabo and other authors, as well as by
the Itineraries. Plutarch notices it as the place in
which Tatiua, the colleague of Romulus, was assas-
sinated. (Vit. Rom. ) Strabo mentions that Lavini-
um had a temple consecrated to Venus, which was
common to all the Latins. (Strabo, 232. ) The in-
habitants are styled by Pliny (3, 5) Laviniates V. ion-
enscs. Lavinium and Laurcntum were latterly united
under the name of Lauro Lavinium. (Front, de Col.
? --SymmacHt*, 1, 65. -- Vulp. , Vet. Lot. , 10, 6. )
Various opinions have been entertained by antiquaries
relative to the site which ought to be assigned to La-
vinium. Cluverius placed it near tho church of St.
PetroneUa (Ilal. Ant. , 2, p. 894); Holstenius on the
hill called Monte di Liranu (ad Steph. Bys. , p. 175);
but more recent topographers concur in fixing it at a
place called Practica, about three miles from the coast.
( Vulp. , Vet. Lot. , 10, 1. --ffibby, Viaggio Antiquario,
vol. 2, p. 265jkrCramer's Ane. Italy, vol. 2, p. 19. )
Laurracum, a fortified town of Noricum Ripense,
the station of a Roman fleet on the Danube, end the
headquarters of the second legion. (Notit. , Imp.
Occident. ) It lay to the east of the junction of the
CEnus and Danube. The modem village of Lohr
stands near the site of this place, a short distance to
the north of the present city of Ens. (Mannert,
Geogr. , vol. 3, p. 637. )
Laurentes Asri, the country in the neighbourhood
'? f Laurentum. (Tibull, 2, 5, 41. )
Laurentia. Vid. Acca.
Laurentum, the capital of Latium, about sixteen
<<iles below Ostia, following the coast, and near the
i>pot now called Paterno. (Vulp. , Vet. Lai. , 10, 1.
Nibby^ Viaggio Antiq. , vol. 2, p. 313 ) Cluverius
and Holstenius are both wrong in assigning to Lau-
rcntum the position of San Lorenzo. Of the existence
of this city, whatever may be thought of . Eneas and
? ? the Trojan colony, there can be no doubt: without
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? LAURION.
LAU
house {Travel), vol. 1, p. 417, Land, ed. ) describes
Laurium as a high uml alirupt bill, covered with pine-
trees and abounding with marble. Stewart also rec-
ognised in Lcgnna and Lagriona, near Snnium, the
name I. aunon, which has also evidently been preserved
in the names Lauronoris, Mauronoris, Mauronorise
(Aaipwv Spor). According to his statement, it is an
uneven range of hills full of exhausted mines and sco-
. i>>. (. I/1//7. of Attica, vol. 3, p. 13. ) Mr. Hawkins,
in his surrey of this part of the Attic coast, discovered
many veins of the argentiferous lead ore, with which
the country seems to abound; he observed traces of
the silver-mines not far beyond Keralia. The site of
the smelling furnaces may be traced to the southward
of Thorieo for some miles, immense quantities of sco-
riaa occurring there. These were probably placed near
the seacoast for the convenience of fuel, which it soon
became necessary to import. (Walpole's Memoirs,
vol. 1, p 430. -- GcWs Itinerary, p. 79. --Dodwell's
Tour, vol. 1, p. 358. )--The mines at Laurium were
worked either by shafts (Qpeara, putei) or adits {inzov-
ouot, cunei); and by neither of these two modes of
working did they, in the time of Xenophon, arrive at the
termination of the ore (Xen. , de Vectig. , 24, 6). For
the chambering of the mines timber was probably im-
ported by sea (Demosth. in Mid. , p. 568,17), which, ac-
cording to Pliny (33, 21), was the case also in Spain.
Hobhouse mentions (I. e. ) that one or two shafts have
been discovered in a small shrubby plain not far from
the sea, on the eastern coast; and he states also that
a specimen of ore, lately found, was shown to him at
Athens. If the hole which Chandler (Travels, c. 30)
saw upon Mount Hymettua was really, as he conjec-
tures, a shaft, it follows that some, at least, had a con-
siderable width, for the circular opening was of more
than forty feet in diameter; at the bottom of the hole
two narrow passages led into the hill in opposite di-
rections It was also the practice, according to Vi-
truvius. to make large hollows in the silver mines (7,
7). The pillars which were left standing for the sup-
port of the overlying mountain were called ip/iot, and
more commonly ficaoxptveic (Plut. , Vit. X. , Orat. --
Op. , vol. 6, p. 256, ed. Hull. --Pollux, 3, 87. --Id. ,
7, 98), as they, at the same time, served for the di-
visions between the different . compartments, or, as
they were called, workshops. As these pillars con-
tained ore, the proprietors were tempted by their ava-
rice to remove them, although by law they were strictly
prohibited from doing so; in the time of the orator
Lycurgus, the wealthy Diphilus was condemned to
death for this offence. {Vit. X. , Oral. , I. c. ) The
opening of new mines was called naivorouia, and on
account of the great risk and expense, no one would
willingly undertake it. If the speculator was suc-
cessful, he was amply remunerated for his undertaking;
if unsuccessful, he lost all his trouble and expense;
on which account Xenophon proposed to form compa-
nies for this purpose. The ancients speak in general
terms of the unwholesome evaporations from silver-
mines (Casaub , ad Strab. , 101), and the noxious at-
mosphere of those in Attica. is particularly mentioned
{Xen. , Mem. , 3, 6, IS. --Plut.