On its
northern
side, an aisle was subsequently added, perhaps about the close of the twelfth century.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v3
D.
astery
of St. Felix and of St.
Clement,
984. Sigebert of Gemblours wrote his Life.
Sigebert relates, angel given St. Clement the first letters, according to name, of the Bishops of Metz : here some names were inscribed in gold, and some in other baser metals, according to their relative degrees of merit. Theodoric's initial letter was wrought in silver, but he said he should do so much for the bishopric,
that it ought to be inscribed in gold.
although likewise outside the walls of Metz.
Emperor granted
A. D. 992, in favour of Fingen, an Irishman, whom Colgan thinks to have been its first abbot.
"^ See " Gallia Christiana," tomus iv. , p. 267.
"^ Relying on the ambiguous authority of William of Malmsburj', lib. ii. , cap. v. , Col- gan makes her daughter to Edward, Kmg of England, sister to Athelstan and Edmund,
'" thatan had
The Otho HI. a charter
»'^
This was the name it received at first,
March 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 195
Emperor Otho, had a great affection towards Cadroe and his religious. On her way to Italy, she arrived at a place, called Neheristeim,"? on the banks oftheRiverRhine. ThenceshesentamessagetoMetz,withanentreaty, that Cadroe should come to visit her. Although he knew, that his days were fast drawing to a close ; yet, being pressed by the messengers, and by the prelate Deodericus,^3o Cadroe charitably yielded to her request, and patiently set about the completion of his journey. On the way, he informed some of his attendant brothers, that death was fast impending, and a great grief
them. To console he " The of counsel them, said, Angel good
oppressed
shallnotdesertyou,mybrethren,unlessyoufirstleavehim. Receivethe
Lord's commands, with great eagerness, fulfil his work, and he shall direct
you in the way of eternal life. But, this miserable body, if my prayers have
weight with you, bear to the monastery, and there inter it. If the Empress
endeavour to detain me for a little time, do not oppose her wishes ; for,
should I die while there, let your charity bear with the privation of my inter-
mentinthemonastery. Astotherest,aftermydeath,youhavewisemen
among you, whose advic—e you should take, and do not fail to remember me
to the Abbess Heluidis a better woman than her I have never found,
accordingtomyhumblejudgment. InChrist'sname,givemyfarewellto
the Lord Bishop, and to my other friends, while you pray them to ask God
for mercy on my poor soul. " In the meantime, Cadroe hastened to meet the
Empress, who received him with great joy, and with every demonstration of
respect. He accosted her with these words, " Know you, sovereign lady,
why I came hither? " She replied, "Father, thy abounding charity hath
brought thee. " Then the man of God, with his sweet and radiant look, said,
" Indeed, while charity compelled me to come, necessity urged, also, that
coming I might ask a license. " '3i The meaning of this he knew, although
the Empress did not. When his visit had been prolonged for four days or
more, the pious lady yet urged his stay, and engaged the bishops present to
" Alas
entreated him to stop for two days longer, and with great reluctance, he con- sented. This was a subject of joy to his royal hostess, but when the dinner hour came, she sat down to table, with her noble company. Suddenly they were alarmed by a great fire breaking out, and a man, falHng from a great
height, and having his legs broken, was brought to Cadroe, who miraculously restored him to health. All the chiefs congratulated him on his merits, but this hurt his humility, and he besought them to speak no more on such a topic. The two days having elapsed, and the Empress still deferring her permission for his departure, a fever seized him, and soon his strength was completelyexhausted. CaUinghismonksaroundhim,herecommendedthem.
King of England, wife to Otho I. and ments. She had the following sons by mother to Otho II. This account, we have Otho : her first-born was Henry, her second incorrectly followed, also, in our notices of was Bruno, and the third was Otho ; she St. Fingen, at the 5th of February, n. 18.
it. Then
must hasten to leave, for my death is fast approaching, and yield not to those petitions, if you desire to bear my body to your monastery. " Still the Empress
request
Cadroe, turning
to his
monks, said,
! brothers, you
But, by Colgan, the Ethilda, mentioned by
William of Malmesbury, is thought to have been identical with Adeleide. Yet, the
Bollandists show, that the latter was daughter to Rudolph, King of the Burgun-
dians, and of his queen Bertha, daughter to Burchard, Duke of the Alemanni. Ade- laide married King Hugo, at first, and after his death, Otho became her husband. She was a person of rare virtue and accomplish-
had a daughter, called Edidis, probably Edith.
"» Or Neristen, where the Emperor Otho had an Imperial residence. See Mabillon's " Annals Ordinis S. Benedict! ," tomus iv. , lib. 1. , sect. Ixi. , p, 74.
'^'° He was probably living in or near the city of Metz.
'3' The succeeding narrative helps us little, in divining the meaning of these words, which are veiy obscuiely expressed.
196 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 6
to hasten his journey, so that, if possible, he might reach his monastery alive. But, the final moment had arrived, and after the thirtieth year of his pilgrim- age, and in the seventieth year of his age, Cadroe was called away to his everlasting reward in the kingdom of heaven. According to custom, the body was placed in a coffin, but, owing to some accident, the corpse was turned on one side. The saint appeared in a vision to one of the monks, and, as he was the cause of thus placing the remains, this neglect was soon set to rights. In great grief for his loss, the citizens of Metz went forth to meet his funeral, and they were joined by the inhabitants of all the surround- ing districts. The memories of his goodness caused abundant tears to be shed, and while Cadroe's coffin was borne along the way, a man, who had long suffered from a fever, was immediately healed when he touched it. A grand funeral procession of the clergy, monks, nuns and people of Metz con- ducted the remains to that place, where he had served the Lord so faithfully during his hfe. An altar to his memory was constructed, in the Church of St. Felix, where his remains were deposited. He was succeeded by Fingen,^^^ a Scottish monk, from Hibernia, and who ruled as abbot over the Monastery of St. Felix and of St. Clement. The death of St. Cadroe may probably be assigned to the 6th day of March, since all authorities seem to agree, that this was the date for his feast. 'sa His death happened, in the year 975, according to Colgan,^34 and the Bollandists,^35 This likewise is the computa- tion of Mabillon,'36^vhile it has been followed, by Dr. Lanigan,'^/ and by other judicious writers. His demise is therefore very incorrectly placed, at the
Article VI. —The Holy Daughters of Leinin, Saints Drugexia, LUIGENIA, LUICELLA, MaCHA AND RiOMTHACH, AT THE ChURCH OF KlLL-
NA-NINGEAN, NOW SUPPOSED TO BE KiLLININY, COUNTY OF DUBLIN.
to the *' Chronicon Valciodorense. " A comme- yearly
year 998, according
moration was instituted in his honour, to mark the many benefits and miracles obtained, in favour of different persons, through his intercession. The many miracles wrought by him were to be found in a book of his Life, long preserved in the monasteries, where he presided with edification and profit to his religious subjects.
[^Sixt/t Sanctilogium Genealogi- cum," these sisters are said to have been the daughters of Leninus, son to
or Seventh In the last Century. ]
chapter
of the "
Garrchon, son to Donacius, the son of Conamalius, son to Colgan, son to Cronmael, son to Altius, son to ^ngus, the son of Nuadatus, &c. ' In the Martyrology of Tallagh, these sisters are not named, at the 6th of March ;
but,
there
they
are or the " called, Ivgena Lenini,
daughters
of Leninus. " "^
'32 See an account of him, at the 5th of February.
'33 Dempster, who calls him Hadrous,
states, that although ignorant regarding his
place of living, and sepulture, as also of his
writings, yet, that he flourished as an abbot
in Belgium, A. D. Dcccxxcii. , and the day
of his death was held to be uncertain. See
"
Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus ii. , lib. viii. , num. 638, pp. 339, 340.
'34 Or, as he states, at farthest, the year 976 was not completed, at the time, as he endeavours to show from various data.
'3S See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Martii vi. De S. Cadroe Abbate Metis in Lotharingia. Commentarius prcevius, sect.
ii. , pp. 470, 471.
'36 See '* Acta Sanctonim Ordinis S. Be-
nedicti," s? ec. v. Previous observations to St. Cadroe's Acts.
'37 See "Ecclesiastical History of Ire- land," vol. iii. , chap, xxiii. , sect, iii. , p. 401, and n. 18, p. 402.
Article vi. —' Thus is the pedigree
traced, in " Trias ;" Colgan's Thaumaturga
"
the names read somewhat differently, thus :
but, in his
Acta Sanctonim Hibernire,"
The Virgin Brigid is called the daughter of Lenen, son to Ganncon, son of Donald, son to Conamla, son of Colgus, son to Cronn-
mal, son of Altus, son to /Engus, &c. See xvi. Januarii. Appendix ad Inventionem S.
Foillani, cap. ii. , p. 104. No doubt, we must make some allowance for typogiaphi- cal errors.
T^lARCH 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 197
Marianus O'Gorman, Charles Maguire and the Martyrology of Donegal place the festival of these holy ladies, at the 6th of March. 3 The site for their
church is determined, by Dr. 0'Donovan,4 to have been comprised, within the greater part of the barony of Rathdown, in the present county of Dublin, or in some northern part of Wicklow County. There the sept of Ui- Briuin-Cualann was located. ^ According to William M. Hennessy, the place where these pious ladies lived was in the southern part of the county of
Killiney Church, County of Dublin.
Dublin. ^ ItisnowsaidtobeknownasKillininy,7orKilnanaughnin,near Fir House Convent, Bohernabreena. ^ There is an old ruined church at Killiney,9 on the sea-shore of Dublin County, and near the beautiful bay, to whichthechurchgivesname. Anoriginalsketch,engravinganddescription of this ruin, written by John S. Sloane, C. E. ,'° will convey a perfect repre- sentation and information regarding it, both to the eye and mind of an anti-
»See Rev. Dr. Kelly's "Calendar of Parish of Tallaght, and Barony of Upper-
Irish Saints," p. xvii.
3 See, Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. "
Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. Brigidse," cap, i. , p. 612.
See "Annals of the Four Masters," at
A. D. 738, when the chieftain of Ui-Briuin-
Cualann, called Dubhdothra, or " the Black Man of the Dodder," was killed. See vol.
i,, pp. 340, 341.
5 See ibid. , nn. (m, n) . In it, also, Dr.
O'Donovan states, that the churches of Cill- Inghine-Leinin, • now Killiney, Tigh-Chon-
aill, now Stagonnell, and Dunmore, are set dovm in O'Clerys' Calendar, as being in this territory.
* William M. Hennessy appends the following note, in —his copy of the Martyr-
cross. In addition I find, (sic). Cal. Oct. 14, B. 8. '"
'
Co. Antrim
ology of Donegal
of Dublin. Irish vol. i. , No. xi. , p. 169.
••
:
Cill n« ninsen, or Killininny, in the
County
Literary Gazette,"
7 It is marked, on the " Ordnance Survey
Townland Maps for the County of Dublin," Sheet 22.
^
This extensive townland, in the parish
of Tallagh, and barony of Uppercross, is defined on Sheets 21, 22, 24, 25 ibid. It lies along the upper Dodder, the course of
"
which is described in D'Alton's History of
the County of Dublin," pp. 846 to 849.
9 The townland and parish of Killiney are situated in the barony of Rathdown, and they are found described, on the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of
Dublin. " Sheets 23, 26.
"See Antiquarian Rambles, in the ''
198 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 6.
quarian investigator. The accompanying illustration will also present its appearance, from a different point of view, as drawn by William F. Wakeman,
many years ago," and when this building was much more perfect, than it is at present. In another admirable work," by the same writer the chief features have been described, and engravings of some details'3 serve to illus- trate his description. Of old date, and originally consisting of a simple nave and choir, '4 this primitive church is tolerably entire, excepting its roof.
On its northern side, an aisle was subsequently added, perhaps about the close of the twelfth century. In the northern side of this addition, there is a pointed doorway. ^5 in the primitive church, there is a Cyclopean doorway,*^ in the centre of the west gable, with the figure of a Roman cross, under the lintel. ^7 There are gaps cut into the original northern wall, to give access to the side aisle. The pointed or so-called " Gothic" doorway leads from the exterior into the aisle, and it is chamfered upon the outside. The graveyard around is shaded with trees, and the old church walls with ivy. ^^ Whether it was at Killininy, or at Killiney, the pious daughters of Lenin lived, seems an uncertain matter ; but, it is probable enough, that while their sister Brighit remained at the latter place, the following five occupied the former as a resi- dence. Thus,theMartyrologyofDonegal'9entersthedaughtersofLeinin,^° asDruigen,Luigen,Luicell,MachaandRiomhtach. Thesearesaidtobe sisters of Brighit, daughter of Leinin,^' Their place is called Cill-inghen- Leinin, in Ui-Briuin Cualann, in Leinster. All of those pious ladies, here venerated,^^ were sisters to St. Colmanj'^s the Bishop and Patron of Cloyne Diocese f* and, accordingly, they seem to have lived, towards the close of the sixth or the beginning of the seventh century.
Article VII. —St. Brighit, supposed to be of Killiney, County of Dublin. [Sixth or Seventh Century. 1 As we have already seen, in the fore- going article, several holy sisters seem to have lived, and after death were
"
daughters," in Huibh-Briuin Chualann territory,^ otherwise called Chrioch-
venerated, at the church of Kill-naningean, Anglicised,
the church of the
" By the same eminent Irish antiquary and artist, it has been transferred to the wood, and it has been engraved by Mrs. Millard.
"See "ArchseologiaHibemica : a Hand- Book of Irish Antiquities, Pagan and Chris-
tian," part ii. , chap, ii. , pp. 65 to 68.
'3 These are, the square-headed doorway,
the choir-arch, and the pointed doorway.
'* These are connected by a choir-arch, measuring in breadth, where the arch begins to spring, four feet seven inches, and at the base four feet ten inches and a half; its height is only six feet and a half. The chancel windows have inclined sides, but
they are dilapidated. The eastena window
is square-headed, both within and without, and it exhibits the usual splay.
»s The foregoing remarks were kindly communicated to the writer, by Mr. Wake- man, in a letter, headed, Enniskillen, Ja-
nuary l6th, 1878.
»* It measures, in height, six feet and one
inch ; in breadth at the top, two feet, and at the bottom, two feet four inches.
'' The extreme dimensions of its interior
twelve feet and eight inches, while the
chancel is nine feet and six inches, in
breadth.
'^
Mr. Sloane, on searching among the ivy on the primitive church here, found tliat there were evidences of its having had a stone roof.
'9 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 68, 69.
''° He is called, son of Gannchu, by the O'Clerys.
are
thirty-five
feet
:
the nave measures but
" The O'Clerys add, " as shall be said presently," as if they were about to make a distinction between their place, and that of Brighit, for all their festivals are entered, at the 6th of March.
''^
"
The Bollandists insert the festival,
Filias Lenini de Cella Filiarum Lenini,"
at the 6th of March, in their ' ' Acta Sane-
torum," tomus i. , among the pretermitted
saints,
=^3 His death is assigned to A. D. 600, in
Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 224, 225. Other accounts have a somewlmt later date.
''•' See his Article vii.
at the of November, 24th
Life,
—'See "Acta Sancto-
March 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 199
Chualan, within the province of Leinster. From what Archdall states,^ this church would appear to have been situated, within the present county ot Wicklow, although its site, at present, is considered to be unknown. This writer maintains, that St. Brigid was abbess, over a nunnery, at this place. ' I am inclined to believe, that Archdall can have only meant Kilbride, where a church may be seen in ruins, within a graveyard, near Kilbride house, in a townland and parish of the same name, one English mile N. W. of Arklow, and not far from the Earl of Wicklow's house and demense, known as
Kilbride Church, County of Wicklow.
Shelton Abbey. '* At present, the ruins measure 30 leet in length, by 17 in width, and most of the west-end gable and walls remain. 5 The masonry is thickly garnished with ivy, while many trees and bushes are within the ancient cemetery, which is surrounded by a modern stone wall. ^ The south side-wall foundations are barely visible, while the north side-wall is quite obliterated. This graveyard is a favourite place for interment, and it bears all the visible signs of a very remote antiquity. The present holy woman was of the family, already alluded to, and a sister to the daughters of Leinin. According to the Martyrology of Donegal,? on this day was venerated, Brighit, daughter of Leinin, at Cill-ingen-Leinin, in Ui Briuin Cualann. This place is now known as Kilnanaighnin, near Tallaght, county of Dublin,^
rum Hibernioe," xvi. Januarii. De Inven- tione S. Foillani Ep. et M. Appendix, cap. ii. , p. 104.
'See Archdall's "Monasticon Hiberni- cum," p. 777. In a note, Archdall says :
•'
s The accompanying illustration was sketched on the spot, by the writer, in July or August, 1873. This sketch has been transferred to the wood, by William F. Wakeman, and it has been engraved by George A. Hanlon.
^ A in the cemetery very prominent object
is the pyramidical family vault of the Earls of Wicklow, and underneath it is their mau- soleum, where repose the remains of their deceased ancestors.
^ Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp 68, 69.
This territory comprehended the north of
the of and the south of barony Arklow,
Newcastle, it was seated on both sides of the River Dea, now called Leitrim, and was the country of a branch of the O'Keliys.
3 See ibid. , p. 777.
* See, "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Wicklow, Sheet 40.
200 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 6.
accordiugtotheconjectureofWilliamM. Hennessy. However,wehave ventured to think, the present holy sister may have lived somewhat apart, and at the present Killiney, near the town and bay so called, in the same county. She sprang from the race of Aenghus, son to Mogh Nuadhat, as the O'Clerys state. In the Leabhar Breac,? and when treating on Brigid, Tulach na ness scoip in Ui Briuin Cualand is mentioned. ^" This is now a place, in thecountyofDublin,andknownasTuUow,nearKiltiernan. " Thereisan
old burial-ground, at the spot. This St. Brigid belonged to the sixth or seventh century.
Article VIII. —St. Maelruain, of Druim-Raithe. The name of
Maolruain, connected with a place, called Droma Ratha, appears, in the
Martyrology of Tallagh,^ at the 6th of March.
But, again, it may be possible, his place was the present Drumrath, now Drumrany, in the county of Westmeath. * In Fermanagh, there are four
townlandsthuscalled,Drumrainy;S andoneplaceinDonegal. ^ Thereisa
Dnimrainey in Londonderry -p there are two Dnmiraines in Sligo County,^ and a Drumraine Glebe in Leitrim County. ^ There are three Irish town-
called Drumrane one in '° one in and one in lands, : Leitrim, Cavan,"
Londonderry. " ThereisaDrumrawn,also,intheparishofLongfieldEast, andbaronyofOmaghWest,countyofTyrone. '3 However,itseemsdifficult to determine this saint's locality. He is noted by Marianus O'Gorman, and he is called Molmanus de Drium Ratha, by the Bollandists,'+ at this parti- cular date. We read on this day, in the Martyrology of Donega^s that Maelruain of Druim raithe was venerated.
" church of the fort " Dr. by
who
was a church, bearing this name, at Leyny, in the province of Connaught. 3
* See previous notices of the Daughters of Lelnin, at this date.
9 Atb.
31.
'° A MS. note of William M. Hennessy.
Townland Maps for the County of London-
deiTy," Sheets 41, 42.
' Onein the of Sheets parish Cloonoghil (
32, 33), barony of Corran, and the other in the parish of Kilmacallan (Sheet 34), barony ofTirerrill. See"OrdnanceSurveyTown-
land Maps for the County of Sligo.
9 In the parish of Oughteragh, barony of Carrigallen. See"OrdnanceSurveyTown-
*' The parish of Kiltiernan, in the barony
of Rathdown, is shown on the " Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Dublin," Sheets 25, 26, 27. The townland properisonSheet—s25,26.
O'Donovan,^
quotes Colgan,
to show there
'
Article viii. Edited by Rev. Dr. land Maps for the County of Leitrim,"
Kelly, p. xvii.
= See his *' Annals of the Four Masters,"
vol. i. , n. (a), p. 395.
3 See Index Topographicus to the " Acta
Sanctorum Hibernian," p. 876.
* See Rev. A. Cogan's "Diocese of
Meath, Ancient and Modern," vol. iii. , chap, Ixxiv. , pp. 558, 559.
5 One of these is in the parish of Cleenish,
and barony of Clanawley (Sheet 26) ; another is in the parish of Clones (Sheet
40), and barony of Clankelly ; one is in the parish of Derrybrusk (Sheet 27), and one in
Maghcrecross (Sheet 16), barony of Tirken- nedy. See "Ordnance Survey Townland
Maps for the County of Fermanagh. "
* In the parish of Inver, and barony of Banagh. See "Ordnance Survey Town-
land Maps for the County of Donegal," Sheet92.
\7 In the parish of Magherafelt, barony of Loitijghinsholia. See "Ordnance Survey
Sheet 25.
'" lu the parish of Killanummery, barony of Drumahaire. See ibid. . Sheet 14.
Drum rath is rendered the
"In the parish of Drung, barony of Tullygarvey. See "Ordnance Survey Town- land Maps for the County of Cavan," Sheets 16, 21.
" In the parish of Tamlaght Finlagan, and barony of Keenaght. See "Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Londondeny," Sheets 9, 16.
'3 See "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the Coimty of Tyrone," Sheets 33, 34-
'•* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Martii vi. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 420.
'5 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
68, 69. — Article ix.
'
The Irish following
stanza, from the "Feilire" of St. /Engus, "Leabhar Breac" copy, with the English
March 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISB SAINTS. 201
ArticleIX. —FeastofVictorinusandCompanions,Martyrs. In the ancient Irish Church, at the 6th day of March, the festival of St. Victor- inus,andofseveralmartyrs,iscommemorated. ^ Probablythisreferstothe martyrdom of St. Victorinus, St. Victor, St. Claudianus, or Claudius, and his wife, St. Bassa, of whom notices will be found, in the BoUandist collection, at this day. '' They suffered in Bithynia. 3
Article X. —St. Senanus, or Seranus, Confessor. At the 6th of
March, in the anonymous Catalogue of Irish Saints, published by O'Sullevan Beare, a St. Senanus is entered. Yet, it seems probable, this saint must be
identified with a Saranus, Confessor, noted at the very same day, by Henry
Fitzsimon,^ on the authority of the Carthusian Martyrology. =* Elsewhere, I do not find corroboration for the present entry.
Article XI. —St. Odhran, Odran, or Odranus. The name Odran S. occurs,intheMartyrologyofTallagh,^atthe6thofMarch. Theletter
S. be intended for the Irish word may
Soggart, Anglice,
day, in the Martyrologies of Marianus O'Gorman and of Donegal,^ is set
downOdranusorOdhran. Inthetable,appendedtothislatterwork,the commentator remarks, that he was Abbot of la—which is incorrect—and of
Conall Gulban's race, according to the Hagiogenesis. 3 The Odhran, mentioned in the genealogical table of the early Abbots of Hy,4 was a cousin to St. Columkille,5 but only a simple monk. ^ The Bollandists? have a note of Odranus, yet nothing more seems to be known regarding him.
Article XII. —Reputed Festival of St. Adrian and Companions, Martyrs. \Ninth Century?
astery
of St. Felix and of St.
Clement,
984. Sigebert of Gemblours wrote his Life.
Sigebert relates, angel given St. Clement the first letters, according to name, of the Bishops of Metz : here some names were inscribed in gold, and some in other baser metals, according to their relative degrees of merit. Theodoric's initial letter was wrought in silver, but he said he should do so much for the bishopric,
that it ought to be inscribed in gold.
although likewise outside the walls of Metz.
Emperor granted
A. D. 992, in favour of Fingen, an Irishman, whom Colgan thinks to have been its first abbot.
"^ See " Gallia Christiana," tomus iv. , p. 267.
"^ Relying on the ambiguous authority of William of Malmsburj', lib. ii. , cap. v. , Col- gan makes her daughter to Edward, Kmg of England, sister to Athelstan and Edmund,
'" thatan had
The Otho HI. a charter
»'^
This was the name it received at first,
March 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 195
Emperor Otho, had a great affection towards Cadroe and his religious. On her way to Italy, she arrived at a place, called Neheristeim,"? on the banks oftheRiverRhine. ThenceshesentamessagetoMetz,withanentreaty, that Cadroe should come to visit her. Although he knew, that his days were fast drawing to a close ; yet, being pressed by the messengers, and by the prelate Deodericus,^3o Cadroe charitably yielded to her request, and patiently set about the completion of his journey. On the way, he informed some of his attendant brothers, that death was fast impending, and a great grief
them. To console he " The of counsel them, said, Angel good
oppressed
shallnotdesertyou,mybrethren,unlessyoufirstleavehim. Receivethe
Lord's commands, with great eagerness, fulfil his work, and he shall direct
you in the way of eternal life. But, this miserable body, if my prayers have
weight with you, bear to the monastery, and there inter it. If the Empress
endeavour to detain me for a little time, do not oppose her wishes ; for,
should I die while there, let your charity bear with the privation of my inter-
mentinthemonastery. Astotherest,aftermydeath,youhavewisemen
among you, whose advic—e you should take, and do not fail to remember me
to the Abbess Heluidis a better woman than her I have never found,
accordingtomyhumblejudgment. InChrist'sname,givemyfarewellto
the Lord Bishop, and to my other friends, while you pray them to ask God
for mercy on my poor soul. " In the meantime, Cadroe hastened to meet the
Empress, who received him with great joy, and with every demonstration of
respect. He accosted her with these words, " Know you, sovereign lady,
why I came hither? " She replied, "Father, thy abounding charity hath
brought thee. " Then the man of God, with his sweet and radiant look, said,
" Indeed, while charity compelled me to come, necessity urged, also, that
coming I might ask a license. " '3i The meaning of this he knew, although
the Empress did not. When his visit had been prolonged for four days or
more, the pious lady yet urged his stay, and engaged the bishops present to
" Alas
entreated him to stop for two days longer, and with great reluctance, he con- sented. This was a subject of joy to his royal hostess, but when the dinner hour came, she sat down to table, with her noble company. Suddenly they were alarmed by a great fire breaking out, and a man, falHng from a great
height, and having his legs broken, was brought to Cadroe, who miraculously restored him to health. All the chiefs congratulated him on his merits, but this hurt his humility, and he besought them to speak no more on such a topic. The two days having elapsed, and the Empress still deferring her permission for his departure, a fever seized him, and soon his strength was completelyexhausted. CaUinghismonksaroundhim,herecommendedthem.
King of England, wife to Otho I. and ments. She had the following sons by mother to Otho II. This account, we have Otho : her first-born was Henry, her second incorrectly followed, also, in our notices of was Bruno, and the third was Otho ; she St. Fingen, at the 5th of February, n. 18.
it. Then
must hasten to leave, for my death is fast approaching, and yield not to those petitions, if you desire to bear my body to your monastery. " Still the Empress
request
Cadroe, turning
to his
monks, said,
! brothers, you
But, by Colgan, the Ethilda, mentioned by
William of Malmesbury, is thought to have been identical with Adeleide. Yet, the
Bollandists show, that the latter was daughter to Rudolph, King of the Burgun-
dians, and of his queen Bertha, daughter to Burchard, Duke of the Alemanni. Ade- laide married King Hugo, at first, and after his death, Otho became her husband. She was a person of rare virtue and accomplish-
had a daughter, called Edidis, probably Edith.
"» Or Neristen, where the Emperor Otho had an Imperial residence. See Mabillon's " Annals Ordinis S. Benedict! ," tomus iv. , lib. 1. , sect. Ixi. , p, 74.
'^'° He was probably living in or near the city of Metz.
'3' The succeeding narrative helps us little, in divining the meaning of these words, which are veiy obscuiely expressed.
196 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 6
to hasten his journey, so that, if possible, he might reach his monastery alive. But, the final moment had arrived, and after the thirtieth year of his pilgrim- age, and in the seventieth year of his age, Cadroe was called away to his everlasting reward in the kingdom of heaven. According to custom, the body was placed in a coffin, but, owing to some accident, the corpse was turned on one side. The saint appeared in a vision to one of the monks, and, as he was the cause of thus placing the remains, this neglect was soon set to rights. In great grief for his loss, the citizens of Metz went forth to meet his funeral, and they were joined by the inhabitants of all the surround- ing districts. The memories of his goodness caused abundant tears to be shed, and while Cadroe's coffin was borne along the way, a man, who had long suffered from a fever, was immediately healed when he touched it. A grand funeral procession of the clergy, monks, nuns and people of Metz con- ducted the remains to that place, where he had served the Lord so faithfully during his hfe. An altar to his memory was constructed, in the Church of St. Felix, where his remains were deposited. He was succeeded by Fingen,^^^ a Scottish monk, from Hibernia, and who ruled as abbot over the Monastery of St. Felix and of St. Clement. The death of St. Cadroe may probably be assigned to the 6th day of March, since all authorities seem to agree, that this was the date for his feast. 'sa His death happened, in the year 975, according to Colgan,^34 and the Bollandists,^35 This likewise is the computa- tion of Mabillon,'36^vhile it has been followed, by Dr. Lanigan,'^/ and by other judicious writers. His demise is therefore very incorrectly placed, at the
Article VI. —The Holy Daughters of Leinin, Saints Drugexia, LUIGENIA, LUICELLA, MaCHA AND RiOMTHACH, AT THE ChURCH OF KlLL-
NA-NINGEAN, NOW SUPPOSED TO BE KiLLININY, COUNTY OF DUBLIN.
to the *' Chronicon Valciodorense. " A comme- yearly
year 998, according
moration was instituted in his honour, to mark the many benefits and miracles obtained, in favour of different persons, through his intercession. The many miracles wrought by him were to be found in a book of his Life, long preserved in the monasteries, where he presided with edification and profit to his religious subjects.
[^Sixt/t Sanctilogium Genealogi- cum," these sisters are said to have been the daughters of Leninus, son to
or Seventh In the last Century. ]
chapter
of the "
Garrchon, son to Donacius, the son of Conamalius, son to Colgan, son to Cronmael, son to Altius, son to ^ngus, the son of Nuadatus, &c. ' In the Martyrology of Tallagh, these sisters are not named, at the 6th of March ;
but,
there
they
are or the " called, Ivgena Lenini,
daughters
of Leninus. " "^
'32 See an account of him, at the 5th of February.
'33 Dempster, who calls him Hadrous,
states, that although ignorant regarding his
place of living, and sepulture, as also of his
writings, yet, that he flourished as an abbot
in Belgium, A. D. Dcccxxcii. , and the day
of his death was held to be uncertain. See
"
Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus ii. , lib. viii. , num. 638, pp. 339, 340.
'34 Or, as he states, at farthest, the year 976 was not completed, at the time, as he endeavours to show from various data.
'3S See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Martii vi. De S. Cadroe Abbate Metis in Lotharingia. Commentarius prcevius, sect.
ii. , pp. 470, 471.
'36 See '* Acta Sanctonim Ordinis S. Be-
nedicti," s? ec. v. Previous observations to St. Cadroe's Acts.
'37 See "Ecclesiastical History of Ire- land," vol. iii. , chap, xxiii. , sect, iii. , p. 401, and n. 18, p. 402.
Article vi. —' Thus is the pedigree
traced, in " Trias ;" Colgan's Thaumaturga
"
the names read somewhat differently, thus :
but, in his
Acta Sanctonim Hibernire,"
The Virgin Brigid is called the daughter of Lenen, son to Ganncon, son of Donald, son to Conamla, son of Colgus, son to Cronn-
mal, son of Altus, son to /Engus, &c. See xvi. Januarii. Appendix ad Inventionem S.
Foillani, cap. ii. , p. 104. No doubt, we must make some allowance for typogiaphi- cal errors.
T^lARCH 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 197
Marianus O'Gorman, Charles Maguire and the Martyrology of Donegal place the festival of these holy ladies, at the 6th of March. 3 The site for their
church is determined, by Dr. 0'Donovan,4 to have been comprised, within the greater part of the barony of Rathdown, in the present county of Dublin, or in some northern part of Wicklow County. There the sept of Ui- Briuin-Cualann was located. ^ According to William M. Hennessy, the place where these pious ladies lived was in the southern part of the county of
Killiney Church, County of Dublin.
Dublin. ^ ItisnowsaidtobeknownasKillininy,7orKilnanaughnin,near Fir House Convent, Bohernabreena. ^ There is an old ruined church at Killiney,9 on the sea-shore of Dublin County, and near the beautiful bay, to whichthechurchgivesname. Anoriginalsketch,engravinganddescription of this ruin, written by John S. Sloane, C. E. ,'° will convey a perfect repre- sentation and information regarding it, both to the eye and mind of an anti-
»See Rev. Dr. Kelly's "Calendar of Parish of Tallaght, and Barony of Upper-
Irish Saints," p. xvii.
3 See, Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. "
Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. Brigidse," cap, i. , p. 612.
See "Annals of the Four Masters," at
A. D. 738, when the chieftain of Ui-Briuin-
Cualann, called Dubhdothra, or " the Black Man of the Dodder," was killed. See vol.
i,, pp. 340, 341.
5 See ibid. , nn. (m, n) . In it, also, Dr.
O'Donovan states, that the churches of Cill- Inghine-Leinin, • now Killiney, Tigh-Chon-
aill, now Stagonnell, and Dunmore, are set dovm in O'Clerys' Calendar, as being in this territory.
* William M. Hennessy appends the following note, in —his copy of the Martyr-
cross. In addition I find, (sic). Cal. Oct. 14, B. 8. '"
'
Co. Antrim
ology of Donegal
of Dublin. Irish vol. i. , No. xi. , p. 169.
••
:
Cill n« ninsen, or Killininny, in the
County
Literary Gazette,"
7 It is marked, on the " Ordnance Survey
Townland Maps for the County of Dublin," Sheet 22.
^
This extensive townland, in the parish
of Tallagh, and barony of Uppercross, is defined on Sheets 21, 22, 24, 25 ibid. It lies along the upper Dodder, the course of
"
which is described in D'Alton's History of
the County of Dublin," pp. 846 to 849.
9 The townland and parish of Killiney are situated in the barony of Rathdown, and they are found described, on the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of
Dublin. " Sheets 23, 26.
"See Antiquarian Rambles, in the ''
198 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 6.
quarian investigator. The accompanying illustration will also present its appearance, from a different point of view, as drawn by William F. Wakeman,
many years ago," and when this building was much more perfect, than it is at present. In another admirable work," by the same writer the chief features have been described, and engravings of some details'3 serve to illus- trate his description. Of old date, and originally consisting of a simple nave and choir, '4 this primitive church is tolerably entire, excepting its roof.
On its northern side, an aisle was subsequently added, perhaps about the close of the twelfth century. In the northern side of this addition, there is a pointed doorway. ^5 in the primitive church, there is a Cyclopean doorway,*^ in the centre of the west gable, with the figure of a Roman cross, under the lintel. ^7 There are gaps cut into the original northern wall, to give access to the side aisle. The pointed or so-called " Gothic" doorway leads from the exterior into the aisle, and it is chamfered upon the outside. The graveyard around is shaded with trees, and the old church walls with ivy. ^^ Whether it was at Killininy, or at Killiney, the pious daughters of Lenin lived, seems an uncertain matter ; but, it is probable enough, that while their sister Brighit remained at the latter place, the following five occupied the former as a resi- dence. Thus,theMartyrologyofDonegal'9entersthedaughtersofLeinin,^° asDruigen,Luigen,Luicell,MachaandRiomhtach. Thesearesaidtobe sisters of Brighit, daughter of Leinin,^' Their place is called Cill-inghen- Leinin, in Ui-Briuin Cualann, in Leinster. All of those pious ladies, here venerated,^^ were sisters to St. Colmanj'^s the Bishop and Patron of Cloyne Diocese f* and, accordingly, they seem to have lived, towards the close of the sixth or the beginning of the seventh century.
Article VII. —St. Brighit, supposed to be of Killiney, County of Dublin. [Sixth or Seventh Century. 1 As we have already seen, in the fore- going article, several holy sisters seem to have lived, and after death were
"
daughters," in Huibh-Briuin Chualann territory,^ otherwise called Chrioch-
venerated, at the church of Kill-naningean, Anglicised,
the church of the
" By the same eminent Irish antiquary and artist, it has been transferred to the wood, and it has been engraved by Mrs. Millard.
"See "ArchseologiaHibemica : a Hand- Book of Irish Antiquities, Pagan and Chris-
tian," part ii. , chap, ii. , pp. 65 to 68.
'3 These are, the square-headed doorway,
the choir-arch, and the pointed doorway.
'* These are connected by a choir-arch, measuring in breadth, where the arch begins to spring, four feet seven inches, and at the base four feet ten inches and a half; its height is only six feet and a half. The chancel windows have inclined sides, but
they are dilapidated. The eastena window
is square-headed, both within and without, and it exhibits the usual splay.
»s The foregoing remarks were kindly communicated to the writer, by Mr. Wake- man, in a letter, headed, Enniskillen, Ja-
nuary l6th, 1878.
»* It measures, in height, six feet and one
inch ; in breadth at the top, two feet, and at the bottom, two feet four inches.
'' The extreme dimensions of its interior
twelve feet and eight inches, while the
chancel is nine feet and six inches, in
breadth.
'^
Mr. Sloane, on searching among the ivy on the primitive church here, found tliat there were evidences of its having had a stone roof.
'9 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 68, 69.
''° He is called, son of Gannchu, by the O'Clerys.
are
thirty-five
feet
:
the nave measures but
" The O'Clerys add, " as shall be said presently," as if they were about to make a distinction between their place, and that of Brighit, for all their festivals are entered, at the 6th of March.
''^
"
The Bollandists insert the festival,
Filias Lenini de Cella Filiarum Lenini,"
at the 6th of March, in their ' ' Acta Sane-
torum," tomus i. , among the pretermitted
saints,
=^3 His death is assigned to A. D. 600, in
Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 224, 225. Other accounts have a somewlmt later date.
''•' See his Article vii.
at the of November, 24th
Life,
—'See "Acta Sancto-
March 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 199
Chualan, within the province of Leinster. From what Archdall states,^ this church would appear to have been situated, within the present county ot Wicklow, although its site, at present, is considered to be unknown. This writer maintains, that St. Brigid was abbess, over a nunnery, at this place. ' I am inclined to believe, that Archdall can have only meant Kilbride, where a church may be seen in ruins, within a graveyard, near Kilbride house, in a townland and parish of the same name, one English mile N. W. of Arklow, and not far from the Earl of Wicklow's house and demense, known as
Kilbride Church, County of Wicklow.
Shelton Abbey. '* At present, the ruins measure 30 leet in length, by 17 in width, and most of the west-end gable and walls remain. 5 The masonry is thickly garnished with ivy, while many trees and bushes are within the ancient cemetery, which is surrounded by a modern stone wall. ^ The south side-wall foundations are barely visible, while the north side-wall is quite obliterated. This graveyard is a favourite place for interment, and it bears all the visible signs of a very remote antiquity. The present holy woman was of the family, already alluded to, and a sister to the daughters of Leinin. According to the Martyrology of Donegal,? on this day was venerated, Brighit, daughter of Leinin, at Cill-ingen-Leinin, in Ui Briuin Cualann. This place is now known as Kilnanaighnin, near Tallaght, county of Dublin,^
rum Hibernioe," xvi. Januarii. De Inven- tione S. Foillani Ep. et M. Appendix, cap. ii. , p. 104.
'See Archdall's "Monasticon Hiberni- cum," p. 777. In a note, Archdall says :
•'
s The accompanying illustration was sketched on the spot, by the writer, in July or August, 1873. This sketch has been transferred to the wood, by William F. Wakeman, and it has been engraved by George A. Hanlon.
^ A in the cemetery very prominent object
is the pyramidical family vault of the Earls of Wicklow, and underneath it is their mau- soleum, where repose the remains of their deceased ancestors.
^ Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp 68, 69.
This territory comprehended the north of
the of and the south of barony Arklow,
Newcastle, it was seated on both sides of the River Dea, now called Leitrim, and was the country of a branch of the O'Keliys.
3 See ibid. , p. 777.
* See, "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Wicklow, Sheet 40.
200 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 6.
accordiugtotheconjectureofWilliamM. Hennessy. However,wehave ventured to think, the present holy sister may have lived somewhat apart, and at the present Killiney, near the town and bay so called, in the same county. She sprang from the race of Aenghus, son to Mogh Nuadhat, as the O'Clerys state. In the Leabhar Breac,? and when treating on Brigid, Tulach na ness scoip in Ui Briuin Cualand is mentioned. ^" This is now a place, in thecountyofDublin,andknownasTuUow,nearKiltiernan. " Thereisan
old burial-ground, at the spot. This St. Brigid belonged to the sixth or seventh century.
Article VIII. —St. Maelruain, of Druim-Raithe. The name of
Maolruain, connected with a place, called Droma Ratha, appears, in the
Martyrology of Tallagh,^ at the 6th of March.
But, again, it may be possible, his place was the present Drumrath, now Drumrany, in the county of Westmeath. * In Fermanagh, there are four
townlandsthuscalled,Drumrainy;S andoneplaceinDonegal. ^ Thereisa
Dnimrainey in Londonderry -p there are two Dnmiraines in Sligo County,^ and a Drumraine Glebe in Leitrim County. ^ There are three Irish town-
called Drumrane one in '° one in and one in lands, : Leitrim, Cavan,"
Londonderry. " ThereisaDrumrawn,also,intheparishofLongfieldEast, andbaronyofOmaghWest,countyofTyrone. '3 However,itseemsdifficult to determine this saint's locality. He is noted by Marianus O'Gorman, and he is called Molmanus de Drium Ratha, by the Bollandists,'+ at this parti- cular date. We read on this day, in the Martyrology of Donega^s that Maelruain of Druim raithe was venerated.
" church of the fort " Dr. by
who
was a church, bearing this name, at Leyny, in the province of Connaught. 3
* See previous notices of the Daughters of Lelnin, at this date.
9 Atb.
31.
'° A MS. note of William M. Hennessy.
Townland Maps for the County of London-
deiTy," Sheets 41, 42.
' Onein the of Sheets parish Cloonoghil (
32, 33), barony of Corran, and the other in the parish of Kilmacallan (Sheet 34), barony ofTirerrill. See"OrdnanceSurveyTown-
land Maps for the County of Sligo.
9 In the parish of Oughteragh, barony of Carrigallen. See"OrdnanceSurveyTown-
*' The parish of Kiltiernan, in the barony
of Rathdown, is shown on the " Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Dublin," Sheets 25, 26, 27. The townland properisonSheet—s25,26.
O'Donovan,^
quotes Colgan,
to show there
'
Article viii. Edited by Rev. Dr. land Maps for the County of Leitrim,"
Kelly, p. xvii.
= See his *' Annals of the Four Masters,"
vol. i. , n. (a), p. 395.
3 See Index Topographicus to the " Acta
Sanctorum Hibernian," p. 876.
* See Rev. A. Cogan's "Diocese of
Meath, Ancient and Modern," vol. iii. , chap, Ixxiv. , pp. 558, 559.
5 One of these is in the parish of Cleenish,
and barony of Clanawley (Sheet 26) ; another is in the parish of Clones (Sheet
40), and barony of Clankelly ; one is in the parish of Derrybrusk (Sheet 27), and one in
Maghcrecross (Sheet 16), barony of Tirken- nedy. See "Ordnance Survey Townland
Maps for the County of Fermanagh. "
* In the parish of Inver, and barony of Banagh. See "Ordnance Survey Town-
land Maps for the County of Donegal," Sheet92.
\7 In the parish of Magherafelt, barony of Loitijghinsholia. See "Ordnance Survey
Sheet 25.
'" lu the parish of Killanummery, barony of Drumahaire. See ibid. . Sheet 14.
Drum rath is rendered the
"In the parish of Drung, barony of Tullygarvey. See "Ordnance Survey Town- land Maps for the County of Cavan," Sheets 16, 21.
" In the parish of Tamlaght Finlagan, and barony of Keenaght. See "Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Londondeny," Sheets 9, 16.
'3 See "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the Coimty of Tyrone," Sheets 33, 34-
'•* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Martii vi. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 420.
'5 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
68, 69. — Article ix.
'
The Irish following
stanza, from the "Feilire" of St. /Engus, "Leabhar Breac" copy, with the English
March 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISB SAINTS. 201
ArticleIX. —FeastofVictorinusandCompanions,Martyrs. In the ancient Irish Church, at the 6th day of March, the festival of St. Victor- inus,andofseveralmartyrs,iscommemorated. ^ Probablythisreferstothe martyrdom of St. Victorinus, St. Victor, St. Claudianus, or Claudius, and his wife, St. Bassa, of whom notices will be found, in the BoUandist collection, at this day. '' They suffered in Bithynia. 3
Article X. —St. Senanus, or Seranus, Confessor. At the 6th of
March, in the anonymous Catalogue of Irish Saints, published by O'Sullevan Beare, a St. Senanus is entered. Yet, it seems probable, this saint must be
identified with a Saranus, Confessor, noted at the very same day, by Henry
Fitzsimon,^ on the authority of the Carthusian Martyrology. =* Elsewhere, I do not find corroboration for the present entry.
Article XI. —St. Odhran, Odran, or Odranus. The name Odran S. occurs,intheMartyrologyofTallagh,^atthe6thofMarch. Theletter
S. be intended for the Irish word may
Soggart, Anglice,
day, in the Martyrologies of Marianus O'Gorman and of Donegal,^ is set
downOdranusorOdhran. Inthetable,appendedtothislatterwork,the commentator remarks, that he was Abbot of la—which is incorrect—and of
Conall Gulban's race, according to the Hagiogenesis. 3 The Odhran, mentioned in the genealogical table of the early Abbots of Hy,4 was a cousin to St. Columkille,5 but only a simple monk. ^ The Bollandists? have a note of Odranus, yet nothing more seems to be known regarding him.
Article XII. —Reputed Festival of St. Adrian and Companions, Martyrs. \Ninth Century?
