In
Hinduism
the twin deities of light who were included among the nature gods of the Veda.
A-Companion-to-the-Cantos-of-Ezra-Pound-II
"
185. eel in sedge: Dante [Int. VII, 84] de- scribes the secret decisions of Fortuna as inscrutable to men: "hidden like a snake in the grass [oeeulto come in erba l'angue] . "
186. hoc signo: L, "this sign. "
187. Ideogram: Chen! [M346] (tone I, not 4), "fortune" or "luck" [85: 120].
188. pervanche: pervenche, I, F, "periwin- kle"; a small marine snail whose shell has a distinctive violet-blue coloration; also myrtle, a flower of the dogbane family, which has a similar iris-purple blue. Since Pound is meticulous in distinguishing partic- ular shades of blue, perhaps he changed the vowel to create a word for this color: blues have symbolic and religious significance
happier institution if they had had the sense to nominate Uncle Geo. TINKHAM instead of the tin horn double twister Rip van Wil- kie. Rip van winkle wobble the Wendle" [FR, P/l, 273]. The Line seems to give an ironic twist to a conversation reported or overheard.
195. lojom: P, "the day. "
196. DerTag: G, "the day. "
197. Ideogram: "Dawn" [cf. 158 above].
198. Arnaut: Arnaut Daniel [20: 12]. Dante allowed him to speak his native Proven9al
[Pur. XXVI, 140-147].
199. forsitan: L, "perhaps. " Etymologically
related to fortuna as to do with chance luck, or the wheel of fortune. '
200. Pisani: Archbishop of Rome [93:9].
201. abbreviare: L, I, "to shorten" [cf. 148 above]; here to shorten the time and in- crease the velocity of money.
202. faster . . . : A major premise ofSocial Credit. The present money and banking sys- tem produces goods and services faster than it distributes the money to buy them
[38:49,50].
203. Benton: [88:80].
204. 12 to 6 and one half: [Cf. 101 above].
205. T. C. P. : Thaddeus Coleman Pound, Pound's grandfather, once It. gov. of Wisconsin, and three times eiected to Con- gress. Pound wrote: "T. C. P. had already in 1878 been writing about . . . the same essen- tials of monetary and statal economics that I am writing about today" [SP,325].
206. Adams to Rush: [94: 10].
207. Vasa: [Cf. 93 above].
208. Pieire Cardinal: P. C. [or Cardenal], 1185-1275, a major poet during the waning period of troubadour verse, the time of the Albigensian Crusade [23: 28]. His predomi- nant subjects were war, usury, and cor- ruption.
209. sempre biasmata: I, "always blamed. " Third line of Cavalcanti's canzone to For- tuna, in which he says that this goddess of earthly mutability is "always blamed" for her turnings [JW] .
210. gode: [Cf. 184 above] . 211. Brancusi: [85:215].
212. "mais . . . faire": F, "But
ourselves into the state of mind to do them. " In the context of, "Works of art are not difficult to make. "
213. "je peux . . . fi- - -nir! ": F, "J can start something every day, but finish! "
[86: 13].
214. Griffith: [19: 10].
215. nel Croix: [88:46].
216. Picabia: [87:31].
217. Art is local: W. C. Williams quotes John Dewey in the "Author's Note" to Pa- terson: "The local is the only universal, upon that all art builds. "
178. Ideogram: or "relatives. "
Ch'in [MI 107]:
"people"
220. 1riyyovp-yirY. : H, "villany. "
221. Essad . . . gate-post: Pasha E. , 1863- 1920, Albanian military and political hero. During WWI, with the support of Italy, he created a dictatorship and maintained it un- til Albania was invaded by Austria. After WWI he was proclaimed King of Albania by a so-called national assembly, but he was
assassinated at Paris in 1920.
222. houris: In Moslem belief, beautiful vir- gins allotted to the faithful who attain Par- adise.
. . .
224. beat' . . . : [Cf. 184 above].
179. Ideogram: Pao [M4956], "precious [stones]. "
180. Ideogram: I [M2932], "by means of. " Adapted from the Ta Hio, the six characters translate: "does not go in for wealth [trea- suring porcelain, jewels, and money] but counts his humanity and love of people the true treasure" [CON, 75].
181. degli Uberti: Italian admiral [77:99]. Poss. the high admiral who built something at Zephyrium [106:54].
182. Fortuna: [86:93; 96: 125].
183. splendor' mondan': I, "earthly splen- dors" [Inf. VII, 77]. Virgil says that God ordained a general minister and guide to
: [36: 11].
[4:8]. Or [96/656] .
perhaps it's a
misspelling
189. San Vio: Church in the field of San Via in Venice [83:62]. The eyes of Old Ziovan's family stayed the same Adriatic col- or for three generations: violet or deep sea- green [83:60].
190. Pale sea-green" . eyes: [91:4].
191. Raleigh remarked . . . : Sir Walter R. Says Eva Hesse: "In his works Raleigh refers to the defeat of Genoa at the hands of the Venetians but makes no comment on Gen- oa's loans or about the Genoese having 'had only their usury left'" [EH, Pai, 4-1, 182].
192. FUhrer of Macedon: Alexander the Great [85:88, 95:25]. He died at age ("aetat") 33, not 38.
. . .
Primary tenet of
193. . L1. . L: [94: 110]. cade of a temple.
Three-columned
fa-
194. George:
member of Congress, 1915-1943. Pound said: "Just as the Republican Party wd / be a
George
Tinkham [74: 180],
218. Ike
. . .
: [cf. 106
above].
219. Started Fascist ideology.
suffrage:
223. Aquinas
"Nothing hinders certain things from hap- pening by fortune or by chance . . . but not if compared with Divine Providence" [Sum- ma, P. 1, question 116, art. I;JW].
we, to get
He said:
? ? ? 624
225. plenilune: From I. plenilunis, "full
moon. " A description of Fortuna, whose rhythm of giving luck or taking it away appears to wax and wane.
97/678-680
234. chi con me: I, "who [goes] with me. " Pound also made his dawn communion.
235. Ideogram: [Cf. 158 above]. "Dawn. "
236. chun tze: Chun tze [M1715-19], "a man of complete virtue" who is "the beau- ideal of Confucianism. " To Pound a much superior ethical system than is the Fall of Man premise of Christian dogma, which he thinks of as physically, mentally, and spiritu- ally repressive.
237. Aswins: Asvins.
In Hinduism the twin deities of light who were included among the nature gods of the Veda.
238. Fou-Hi: [53:3].
239. keg of money: Prob. an assertion of T. C. P. [cf. 205 above].
240. Sargon . . . : [94:55]. The other fig- ures are not identifiable as hieroglyphs but bear some resemblance to early Chinese bone inscriptions and may suggest fields and plants.
241. T'ang: [53:40].
242. Multan: [or "Mooltan"]: An ancient
city of the Near East. capital of the district l; f:!
97/680-682
625
260. TEMENOS: H, "a piece of land sacred to a god; the precincts of a temple. "
261. PAUL: [96: 10].
262. Upsala: [L, Ubsola]. According to Migne [col. 447] , the northern limits of the territory from which the Lombards came. Now, Uppsala, city of eastern Sweden.
263. fane: Archaic: "sanctuary; temple. " Migne has: "In hoc templo (Ubsola patrio
226. Dante . . . Canzone: zone "Fortuna. "
Cava1canti's cao-
supposed burial place near Clogher, Ireland, of King Menes: "Waddell. . . identifies Menes with Min or Minor of Crete and inter- prets the text on the ivory tablets found in Abydos to say that King Menes died in Ire- land of a wasp's sting" [ibid. , 188n. ].
249. no blood: No blood sacrifices. A sign of an advanced civilization_ Pound probes into the history of all religions, looking for their progress away from barbaric acts (such as human sacrifice [88:62-63]) to the re- joicing and celebration of the mysterium he believes to be a measure of civilization.
250. Ungaro: Filippo U. , Italian journalist connected with II Secolo [The age] . He was a member of the parliament during the Fas- cist era. Pound used the gesture, later, to describe the difference between Chinese and Japanese cultures [HK,Pai, 2-3,488].
251. Ville d'Avray: A suburb of Paris, 7 miles from Notre Dame Cathedral, W of Sovres. Ref. may be to a painting by Corot,
227. Hudson: William Henry Hudson, 1841-1922, English naturalist and author of such books as Green Mansions and A Natu- ralist in La Plata [reviewed by EP, SP
429-432].
228. Jonathan Edwards: American Calvin- ist, 1703-1758, who preached damnation with burning passion in such sermons as "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. "
229. Twelve Tables: Lucilius and Laws of XII Tables (Loeb, vol. III) [Lucilius].
230. Lucilius: Gaius L. , ? -ca. 102 B. C. , Lat- in satirist who "invented a new literary genre. . . . All that he says is colored by his personality. . . . " He wrote much, but about it "little can be said since the fragments are so meagre. " [OCD, 622].
231. Antoninus: [78:56].
232. Luigi: The hunchbacked (gobbo) ped- dler Pound knew at Rapallo [104/741]. Pound saw him doing the mystery rite [106/753]. He was "somewhat crippled" but "not a hunchback. " MB was told Luigi would come to Pound's house in San Am- brogio and "call after 'the poet' from a distance-then tell him of such wonders as the one recorded here" [MB, Trace, 365].
233. ONE, ten, eleven: Prob. a structural and vorticist cue, an arcane hint about the hub-turning world: 11011. Pound wrote a note for The Unwobbling Pivot which gives the immediate source of the numbers: "The ideogram tan . . . is found in the eleventh Ode of T'ang (Shih Ching, I, 10, 11, 3)" [ibid]. The line is a central cue to the wheels-within-wheels and overlapping' wheels of the basic structural units of 11 in The Cantos. The 0 is the still point around which
the five cantos on either side turn.
sermone vocato) . . . "
(called Upsala in native talk) . . . "].
of Multan, Punjab, Pakistan, near the Che- nab River about 100 miles NE of its junction with the Indus River.
243. Ii: C, Na-khi [M3862]. One Ii is a bit less than one-third of a mile.
244. Napat: Napata. An ancient city of Ethiopia built on a hill overlooking the Nile. A temple of Amenhotep III is there.
245. Panch: Panchala. Name of a country and people of ancient India (the Mahabha- rata places it in the lower Doab), visited by Apollonius of Tyana, who called it "Patala"
[P,Life I, 339].
246. Tyanu: "ofTyana" [94:123].
247. lion head: This hieroglyph (as do the others in the canto) comes from Waddell's
. J
252. Pre Catalan: [76:44].
253. METe, . . . : H, "after the physics. "
Source of the word metaphysical. 254. Adams: John A. [71:28,64]. 255. artigianato: I, "artisan. "
256. "Buckie": R. Buckminster Fuller, ar- chitect and poet who invented the geodesic dome.
257. "Luce . _ . vuoi": I, "Kindly light, in your eyes, / What I want, do you want too? / You want it? " Prob. phrases from a popular song, or the rhythm of such a song as imitated in the next 5 lines, which render the rhythm of "Mid pleasures and palaces / Tho we may roam / Be it ever so humble, / There's no place like home. " Prob. evoked by radio or TV at st. Elizabeths.
258. wode: OE/ME, "madly. " Adverbial form of wod.
259. Knittl: [89:260].
errors of interpretation
proaches, 187-188].
[B de R, Ap-
248. Knoch Many: "the hill of Many. " The
The Street o f the Station, at Ville [National Gallery, Washington].
d'Avray
"V oluptatemque
. . .
igenti Pri-
264. ministrat virtutern . . . : Migne adds that in the temple the statues of three gods were venerated by the people. The first was Thor, the second Wodan: "Wodan _. . minis- trat virtutem contra inimicos" ("did gallant deed against the enemy") [Migne, 448].
265. Fricco: L, "Tertius est Fricco pacem" ("The third is Fricco [devoted to] peace")
[ibid. ].
266. Priapo:
apo" ("and Priapus creates desire") [ibid. ].
267. Dea libertatis: L, "goddess of liberty" [ibid. ].
268. Agelmund: Migne tells the story of how the Langobards were led from Scandi- navia by their leaders Ibor and Aio, and being "unwilling to remain longer under mere chiefs (dukes), ordained a king for themselves like other nations. Therefore Agelmund, the son of Aio, first reigned over them . . . [and] held the sovereignty . . . for thirty years" [452-452].
269. PUER APULIUS: L, "Apulian boy. " Frederick 11 of Sicily [cf. 272 below] , who became king at the age of 4 and assumed the throne at 18 [DD,Pai, 6-1, ! O3].
270. "Fresca rosa"; I, "fresh rose. " The "Song of the Rose" was sung at Freder- ick l1's court by Cielo d'Alcamo [107: I], "one of the first to write an Italianate Sicil- ian" [MB, Trace, 368]. "Cielo" is an Hali- nate spelling of "Ciullo. "
27L Antoninus: [78:56].
["In this
temple
? ? ? 626
272. book of the Falcon: "De Arte venandi cum avibus," known as "The Book of the Falcon. " Written by the extraordinarily ver? satile Frederick II, emperor of Sicily, 1194- 1250.
273. Mirabile . . . : L, "With marvelous brevity, he straightened aut" [Migne, 1144].
185. eel in sedge: Dante [Int. VII, 84] de- scribes the secret decisions of Fortuna as inscrutable to men: "hidden like a snake in the grass [oeeulto come in erba l'angue] . "
186. hoc signo: L, "this sign. "
187. Ideogram: Chen! [M346] (tone I, not 4), "fortune" or "luck" [85: 120].
188. pervanche: pervenche, I, F, "periwin- kle"; a small marine snail whose shell has a distinctive violet-blue coloration; also myrtle, a flower of the dogbane family, which has a similar iris-purple blue. Since Pound is meticulous in distinguishing partic- ular shades of blue, perhaps he changed the vowel to create a word for this color: blues have symbolic and religious significance
happier institution if they had had the sense to nominate Uncle Geo. TINKHAM instead of the tin horn double twister Rip van Wil- kie. Rip van winkle wobble the Wendle" [FR, P/l, 273]. The Line seems to give an ironic twist to a conversation reported or overheard.
195. lojom: P, "the day. "
196. DerTag: G, "the day. "
197. Ideogram: "Dawn" [cf. 158 above].
198. Arnaut: Arnaut Daniel [20: 12]. Dante allowed him to speak his native Proven9al
[Pur. XXVI, 140-147].
199. forsitan: L, "perhaps. " Etymologically
related to fortuna as to do with chance luck, or the wheel of fortune. '
200. Pisani: Archbishop of Rome [93:9].
201. abbreviare: L, I, "to shorten" [cf. 148 above]; here to shorten the time and in- crease the velocity of money.
202. faster . . . : A major premise ofSocial Credit. The present money and banking sys- tem produces goods and services faster than it distributes the money to buy them
[38:49,50].
203. Benton: [88:80].
204. 12 to 6 and one half: [Cf. 101 above].
205. T. C. P. : Thaddeus Coleman Pound, Pound's grandfather, once It. gov. of Wisconsin, and three times eiected to Con- gress. Pound wrote: "T. C. P. had already in 1878 been writing about . . . the same essen- tials of monetary and statal economics that I am writing about today" [SP,325].
206. Adams to Rush: [94: 10].
207. Vasa: [Cf. 93 above].
208. Pieire Cardinal: P. C. [or Cardenal], 1185-1275, a major poet during the waning period of troubadour verse, the time of the Albigensian Crusade [23: 28]. His predomi- nant subjects were war, usury, and cor- ruption.
209. sempre biasmata: I, "always blamed. " Third line of Cavalcanti's canzone to For- tuna, in which he says that this goddess of earthly mutability is "always blamed" for her turnings [JW] .
210. gode: [Cf. 184 above] . 211. Brancusi: [85:215].
212. "mais . . . faire": F, "But
ourselves into the state of mind to do them. " In the context of, "Works of art are not difficult to make. "
213. "je peux . . . fi- - -nir! ": F, "J can start something every day, but finish! "
[86: 13].
214. Griffith: [19: 10].
215. nel Croix: [88:46].
216. Picabia: [87:31].
217. Art is local: W. C. Williams quotes John Dewey in the "Author's Note" to Pa- terson: "The local is the only universal, upon that all art builds. "
178. Ideogram: or "relatives. "
Ch'in [MI 107]:
"people"
220. 1riyyovp-yirY. : H, "villany. "
221. Essad . . . gate-post: Pasha E. , 1863- 1920, Albanian military and political hero. During WWI, with the support of Italy, he created a dictatorship and maintained it un- til Albania was invaded by Austria. After WWI he was proclaimed King of Albania by a so-called national assembly, but he was
assassinated at Paris in 1920.
222. houris: In Moslem belief, beautiful vir- gins allotted to the faithful who attain Par- adise.
. . .
224. beat' . . . : [Cf. 184 above].
179. Ideogram: Pao [M4956], "precious [stones]. "
180. Ideogram: I [M2932], "by means of. " Adapted from the Ta Hio, the six characters translate: "does not go in for wealth [trea- suring porcelain, jewels, and money] but counts his humanity and love of people the true treasure" [CON, 75].
181. degli Uberti: Italian admiral [77:99]. Poss. the high admiral who built something at Zephyrium [106:54].
182. Fortuna: [86:93; 96: 125].
183. splendor' mondan': I, "earthly splen- dors" [Inf. VII, 77]. Virgil says that God ordained a general minister and guide to
: [36: 11].
[4:8]. Or [96/656] .
perhaps it's a
misspelling
189. San Vio: Church in the field of San Via in Venice [83:62]. The eyes of Old Ziovan's family stayed the same Adriatic col- or for three generations: violet or deep sea- green [83:60].
190. Pale sea-green" . eyes: [91:4].
191. Raleigh remarked . . . : Sir Walter R. Says Eva Hesse: "In his works Raleigh refers to the defeat of Genoa at the hands of the Venetians but makes no comment on Gen- oa's loans or about the Genoese having 'had only their usury left'" [EH, Pai, 4-1, 182].
192. FUhrer of Macedon: Alexander the Great [85:88, 95:25]. He died at age ("aetat") 33, not 38.
. . .
Primary tenet of
193. . L1. . L: [94: 110]. cade of a temple.
Three-columned
fa-
194. George:
member of Congress, 1915-1943. Pound said: "Just as the Republican Party wd / be a
George
Tinkham [74: 180],
218. Ike
. . .
: [cf. 106
above].
219. Started Fascist ideology.
suffrage:
223. Aquinas
"Nothing hinders certain things from hap- pening by fortune or by chance . . . but not if compared with Divine Providence" [Sum- ma, P. 1, question 116, art. I;JW].
we, to get
He said:
? ? ? 624
225. plenilune: From I. plenilunis, "full
moon. " A description of Fortuna, whose rhythm of giving luck or taking it away appears to wax and wane.
97/678-680
234. chi con me: I, "who [goes] with me. " Pound also made his dawn communion.
235. Ideogram: [Cf. 158 above]. "Dawn. "
236. chun tze: Chun tze [M1715-19], "a man of complete virtue" who is "the beau- ideal of Confucianism. " To Pound a much superior ethical system than is the Fall of Man premise of Christian dogma, which he thinks of as physically, mentally, and spiritu- ally repressive.
237. Aswins: Asvins.
In Hinduism the twin deities of light who were included among the nature gods of the Veda.
238. Fou-Hi: [53:3].
239. keg of money: Prob. an assertion of T. C. P. [cf. 205 above].
240. Sargon . . . : [94:55]. The other fig- ures are not identifiable as hieroglyphs but bear some resemblance to early Chinese bone inscriptions and may suggest fields and plants.
241. T'ang: [53:40].
242. Multan: [or "Mooltan"]: An ancient
city of the Near East. capital of the district l; f:!
97/680-682
625
260. TEMENOS: H, "a piece of land sacred to a god; the precincts of a temple. "
261. PAUL: [96: 10].
262. Upsala: [L, Ubsola]. According to Migne [col. 447] , the northern limits of the territory from which the Lombards came. Now, Uppsala, city of eastern Sweden.
263. fane: Archaic: "sanctuary; temple. " Migne has: "In hoc templo (Ubsola patrio
226. Dante . . . Canzone: zone "Fortuna. "
Cava1canti's cao-
supposed burial place near Clogher, Ireland, of King Menes: "Waddell. . . identifies Menes with Min or Minor of Crete and inter- prets the text on the ivory tablets found in Abydos to say that King Menes died in Ire- land of a wasp's sting" [ibid. , 188n. ].
249. no blood: No blood sacrifices. A sign of an advanced civilization_ Pound probes into the history of all religions, looking for their progress away from barbaric acts (such as human sacrifice [88:62-63]) to the re- joicing and celebration of the mysterium he believes to be a measure of civilization.
250. Ungaro: Filippo U. , Italian journalist connected with II Secolo [The age] . He was a member of the parliament during the Fas- cist era. Pound used the gesture, later, to describe the difference between Chinese and Japanese cultures [HK,Pai, 2-3,488].
251. Ville d'Avray: A suburb of Paris, 7 miles from Notre Dame Cathedral, W of Sovres. Ref. may be to a painting by Corot,
227. Hudson: William Henry Hudson, 1841-1922, English naturalist and author of such books as Green Mansions and A Natu- ralist in La Plata [reviewed by EP, SP
429-432].
228. Jonathan Edwards: American Calvin- ist, 1703-1758, who preached damnation with burning passion in such sermons as "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. "
229. Twelve Tables: Lucilius and Laws of XII Tables (Loeb, vol. III) [Lucilius].
230. Lucilius: Gaius L. , ? -ca. 102 B. C. , Lat- in satirist who "invented a new literary genre. . . . All that he says is colored by his personality. . . . " He wrote much, but about it "little can be said since the fragments are so meagre. " [OCD, 622].
231. Antoninus: [78:56].
232. Luigi: The hunchbacked (gobbo) ped- dler Pound knew at Rapallo [104/741]. Pound saw him doing the mystery rite [106/753]. He was "somewhat crippled" but "not a hunchback. " MB was told Luigi would come to Pound's house in San Am- brogio and "call after 'the poet' from a distance-then tell him of such wonders as the one recorded here" [MB, Trace, 365].
233. ONE, ten, eleven: Prob. a structural and vorticist cue, an arcane hint about the hub-turning world: 11011. Pound wrote a note for The Unwobbling Pivot which gives the immediate source of the numbers: "The ideogram tan . . . is found in the eleventh Ode of T'ang (Shih Ching, I, 10, 11, 3)" [ibid]. The line is a central cue to the wheels-within-wheels and overlapping' wheels of the basic structural units of 11 in The Cantos. The 0 is the still point around which
the five cantos on either side turn.
sermone vocato) . . . "
(called Upsala in native talk) . . . "].
of Multan, Punjab, Pakistan, near the Che- nab River about 100 miles NE of its junction with the Indus River.
243. Ii: C, Na-khi [M3862]. One Ii is a bit less than one-third of a mile.
244. Napat: Napata. An ancient city of Ethiopia built on a hill overlooking the Nile. A temple of Amenhotep III is there.
245. Panch: Panchala. Name of a country and people of ancient India (the Mahabha- rata places it in the lower Doab), visited by Apollonius of Tyana, who called it "Patala"
[P,Life I, 339].
246. Tyanu: "ofTyana" [94:123].
247. lion head: This hieroglyph (as do the others in the canto) comes from Waddell's
. J
252. Pre Catalan: [76:44].
253. METe, . . . : H, "after the physics. "
Source of the word metaphysical. 254. Adams: John A. [71:28,64]. 255. artigianato: I, "artisan. "
256. "Buckie": R. Buckminster Fuller, ar- chitect and poet who invented the geodesic dome.
257. "Luce . _ . vuoi": I, "Kindly light, in your eyes, / What I want, do you want too? / You want it? " Prob. phrases from a popular song, or the rhythm of such a song as imitated in the next 5 lines, which render the rhythm of "Mid pleasures and palaces / Tho we may roam / Be it ever so humble, / There's no place like home. " Prob. evoked by radio or TV at st. Elizabeths.
258. wode: OE/ME, "madly. " Adverbial form of wod.
259. Knittl: [89:260].
errors of interpretation
proaches, 187-188].
[B de R, Ap-
248. Knoch Many: "the hill of Many. " The
The Street o f the Station, at Ville [National Gallery, Washington].
d'Avray
"V oluptatemque
. . .
igenti Pri-
264. ministrat virtutern . . . : Migne adds that in the temple the statues of three gods were venerated by the people. The first was Thor, the second Wodan: "Wodan _. . minis- trat virtutem contra inimicos" ("did gallant deed against the enemy") [Migne, 448].
265. Fricco: L, "Tertius est Fricco pacem" ("The third is Fricco [devoted to] peace")
[ibid. ].
266. Priapo:
apo" ("and Priapus creates desire") [ibid. ].
267. Dea libertatis: L, "goddess of liberty" [ibid. ].
268. Agelmund: Migne tells the story of how the Langobards were led from Scandi- navia by their leaders Ibor and Aio, and being "unwilling to remain longer under mere chiefs (dukes), ordained a king for themselves like other nations. Therefore Agelmund, the son of Aio, first reigned over them . . . [and] held the sovereignty . . . for thirty years" [452-452].
269. PUER APULIUS: L, "Apulian boy. " Frederick 11 of Sicily [cf. 272 below] , who became king at the age of 4 and assumed the throne at 18 [DD,Pai, 6-1, ! O3].
270. "Fresca rosa"; I, "fresh rose. " The "Song of the Rose" was sung at Freder- ick l1's court by Cielo d'Alcamo [107: I], "one of the first to write an Italianate Sicil- ian" [MB, Trace, 368]. "Cielo" is an Hali- nate spelling of "Ciullo. "
27L Antoninus: [78:56].
["In this
temple
? ? ? 626
272. book of the Falcon: "De Arte venandi cum avibus," known as "The Book of the Falcon. " Written by the extraordinarily ver? satile Frederick II, emperor of Sicily, 1194- 1250.
273. Mirabile . . . : L, "With marvelous brevity, he straightened aut" [Migne, 1144].
