collected and
published
by J.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
Graec.
vol.
xii.
p.
680, ed.
vet.
)
part, if not the whole, of Greece. When the 2. The sixteenth of the family of the Asclepiadae,
Athenians founded their colony of Thurii, on the the son of Elaphus, who lived probably in the fifth
site of the ancient Sybaris (B. C. 443), Hippodamus century B. C. , and was one of the chief persons in
## p. 490 (#506) ############################################
490
AIPPOLYTUS.
HIPPOLYTUS.
the island of Cos. (Thessali Orat. ad Aram, in about his time, being drowned in a ditch or pit full
Hippocr. Opera, vol. iii. p. 840. ) (W. A. G. ) of water. That his learning was great, and his
HIPPO'LYTE ('ITTONÚTn). 1. A daughter writings numerous, we have the testimony of Eu-
of Ares and Otrera, was queen of the Amazons, sebius and Jerome, the earliest writers who speak
and a sister of Antiope and Melanippe. She wore, of him. They both speak of him as a bishop,
as an einblem of her dignity, a girdle given to her but without naming his see (for the passage in the
by her father; and when Heracles, by the com- Chronica of Eusebius, in which he is called daloka
mand of Eurystheus, came to fetch this girdle, Hip-Tos ſlópTOU TOÛ kard 'Pusunu, is evidently corrupt),
polyte was slain by Heracles. (Heracles; Hygin. and Jerome expressly asserts that he could not
Fab. 30. ) According to another tradition, Hippo- ascertain it. His episcopal dignity, in the common
lyte, with an army of Amazons, marched into understanding of the word éniOKOTOS, is disputed
Attica, to take vengeance on Theseus for having by C. A. Heumann, who contends that he was
carried off Antiope ; but being conquered by The- “ praefectus" of the port of Ostia ; but we are not
seus, she fled to Megara, where she died of grief, aware that this opinion has found any supporters.
and was buried. Her tomb, which was shown (Heumann, Primitiae Gotting. No. xvii. p. 239. )
there in later times, had the form of an Amazon's As Eusebius thrice mentions Hippolytus, in im-
shield. (Paus. i. 41. $ 7; Plut. Thes. 27; Apollod. mediate connection with Beryllus, bishop of Bostra
ii. 5. & 9; A pollon. Rhod. ii. 968. ) In some ac- in Arabia, it is contended by Le Moyne, Asse-
counts Hippolyte is said to have been married to mani (Bill. Orient. vol. iii. p. i. c. vii. p. 15), and
Theseus instead of Antiope. Euripides, in his others, that Hippolytus was also an Arabian bishop,
Hippolytus, makes her the mother of Hippolytus. and Le Moyne contends that he was a native of
2. The wife of Acastus, according to Pindar that country. In the treatise De Duabus Naturis,
(Nem. iv. 57, v. 26); but Apollodorus calls her generally regarded as a work of pope Gelasius I.
Astydameia. (AcASTUS. )
[L. S. ) (Gelasius, No. 3), he is called “ Arabiae Metro-
HIPPOʻLYTUS ('ITTÓ Autos). 1. One of the polita," but this, so far as his metropolitan rank is
giants who was killed by Hermes. (Apollod. i. 6. concerned, is an error, the probable origin of which
§ 2. )
is pointed out by Basnage. The ignorance of
2. A son of Theseus by Hippolyte or Antiope. Jerome as to his see, and the mistake of Gelasius
(Schol. ad Aristoph. Ran. 873; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. as to his dignity, render it very unlikely that he
419, 1329, 1332; Eurip. Hippol. ) After the was bishop of any place in the immediate neigh-
death of the Amazon, Theseus married Phaedra, bourhood of Rome, still less of Rome itself, as Le-
who fell desperately in love with Hippolytus; but ontius of Byzantium, and Anastasius Sinaita appear
as the passion was not responded to by the step to have held. The fact of his works being in the
son, she brought accusations against him before Greek language increases the improbability of his
Theseus, as if he had made improper proposals to being an Italian bishop, or of his belonging at all
her. Theseus thereupon cursed his son, and re- to the west of Europe ; though the instances of
quested his father (Aegeus or Poseidon) to destroy Cleme of Rome and Irenaeus prevent this argu-
him. (Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 31, de Off. i. 10; ment from being quite conclusive. That he was an
Serv. ad Aen. vi. 445, vii. 761. ) Once therefore, Arabian, at least an Eastern bishop, is most likely;
when Hippolytus was riding in his chariot along but the opinion of Le Moyne and others, that he
the sea-coast, Poseidon sent a bull forth from the was bishop of the city in the territory of Adana,
The horses were frightened, upset the which was the great emporium of the Roman trade
chariot, and dragged Hippolytus till he was dead. (Philostorg. H. E. iii. 4), and was therefore called
Theseus afterwards learned the innocence of his Portus Romanus, is very questionable. Its only
son, and Phaedra, in despair, made away with her support is the subsequent currency of the belief
self. Asclepius restored Hippolytus to life again, that Hippolytus was bishop of the Portus Roma-
and, according to Italian traditions, Artemis placed nus, near Rome ; but this belief is more likely to
him, under the name of Virbius, under the protec- have gained ground from the mouth of the Tiber,
tion of the nymph Egeria, in the grove of Aricia, or its vicinity, being the scene of Hippolytus's
in Latium, where he was honoured with divine martyrdom.
worship. (Hygin. Fab. 47, 49; Apollod. iii. 10. The time in which he lived is determined by
§ 3; Ov. Met. xv. 490, &c. , Fast. iii. 265, vi. 737; Eusebius, who places him in the early part of the
Horat. Carm. iv. 7. 25; comp. Virbius. ) There third century ; and whose statement leads us to
was a monument of his at Athens, in front of the reject the account of Palladius (Hist. Lausiac. c.
temple of Themis. (Paus. i. 22. § 1. ) At Troe 148, apud Bill. Patr. vol. xiii. p. 104, ed. Paris,
zene, where a tomb of Hippolytus was shown, | 1654) and Cyril of Scythopolis (Vita S. Euthymii
there was a different tradition about him. (Paus. apud Cotelerius, Eccl. Graec. Monum. vol. iv. p. 82)
i. 22. & 2; comp. Eurip. Hippolytus. )
that he was acquainted with the apostles. Photius
There are two other mythical personages of this makes him a disciple of Irenaeus, which may be
name. (Apollod. ii. 1. & 5; Diod. iv. 31. ) [L. S. ] true; the same may be said of the statement of
HIPPO'LYTUS (('ITTÓAUTOs). 1. An early Baronius, who “had read somewhere ” that he was
ecclesiastical writer of considerable eminence, but a disciple of Clement of Alexandria ; a statement
whose real history is so uncertain, that almost repeated by som moderns (Semler, Hist. Eccles.
every leading point of it is much disputed. He Selecta Capita, vol. i. p. 73), but supported by no
appears to have lived early in the third century; other appeal to ancient authority than the very in
and the statement commonly received for a long distinct one of Baronius. Photius says that Hip
time was, that he was bishop of Portus Romanus polytus was an intimate friend and admirer of
(the harbour of Rome), at the mouth of the Tiber Origen, whom he induced to become a comment-
(for which the Paschal Chronicle is one of the ear- ator on the Scriptures, and for whose use he main-
liest authorities, if not the earliest), and that he tained at his own cost seven amanuenses or clerks,
suffered martyrdom under Alexander Severus, or to write from his dictation, Taxupuco. , and as
water.
## p. 491 (#507) ############################################
HIPPOLYTUS.
HIPPOLYTUS.
491
а
many others (ypdportes eis kános) to write out a from being a Valentinian, that Epiphanius nientions
fair transcript. But although the acquaintance of him (Panar. Haeres. xxxi. c. 33), with Irenaeus
Hippolytus with Origen is confirmed by the asser- and Clement, as having written against them. The
tion of Hippolytus bimself, who stated (according Acla are so corrupt, if indeed they are not spurious,
to Jerome) that he had Origen among his hearers that they cannot be relied on, and if the memory
when preaching, the other particulars given by of our Hippolytus (for he himself had been long
Photius are founded on a misunderstanding of a dead) incurred any censure at the council, it was
passage in Jerome, who asserts that Ambrosius of probably for differing from the Roman church in
Alexandria, a Marcionite, whom Origen bad con- the calculation of Easter, to which subject he had
verted, induced by the reputation which Hippoly- given great attention.
tus had acquired as a commentator, engaged Origen Several of the works of Hippolytus are enume-
in the exposition of Scripture, and supplied him rated by Eusebius, Jerome, and Photius, and are
with the amanuenses already described.
known by citations in ancient writers. Various
The martyrdom of Hippolytus is not mentioned portions of them are extant, most of which were
by Eusebius ; but Jerome calls him martyr (Praef.
collected and published by J. A. Fabricius, under
ad Mutthaeum) ; and Photius and subsequent the title of S. Hippolyti Episcopi et Martyris
writers commonly so designate him. His naine is Opera, 2 vols. fol. Hamb. 1716–18. Mills, the
found in the Roman, Greek, Coptic, and Abys- editor of the N. T. , had contemplated an edition of
sinian martyrologics ; but the variations in the Hippolytus, and after his death his papers were
calendars are such, that we must suppose them to transmitted to Jo. Wil
. Janus, of Wittemburg,
record the martyrdom of several Hippolyti
. Pru- who was also prevented by death from bringing out
dentius, a Christian poet of the earlier part of the the work. The collections of Mills and Janus con-
fifth century, has a long poem (Liber repl Stepá- tained some pieces or fragments not included by
vwv, seu De Coronis: Hymn. ix. ) on the martyrdom Fabricius ; and further collections appear to have
of Hippolytus ; but this is a different person from been made by Grabe and others. The genuineness
the subject of the present article, unless we sup- of the extant writings of Hippolytus has been dis-
pose, with some critics, that Prudentius has con- puted. Semler doubts the genuineness of the
fused three Hippolyti, and made them one. The whole ; and Oudin and Mills (Proleg. ad N. 7.
date of the martyrdom of our Hippolytus is doubt- p. lxii. ) of nearly the whole. The extant works
ful. Alexander Severus, under whom it has been and fragments were reprinted by Gallandius (Bill.
commonly placed, was not a persecutor; and if we Patr. vol. i. fol. Venet. 1766), who arranges
suppose, with some of the best critics, that the them in the following order :- 1. 'Anodefis nepi
Exhortatorius ad Severinam, enumerated among TOù XplotoŮ kad 'Ayrıxplotov, Demonstrutio de
the writings of Hippolytus, is the work noticed by Christo et Antichristo. This was first published by
Theodoret as addressed tpos Baorrida rivá,“ to a Marquardus Gudius, 8vo. Paris, 1661, and was
certain queen
or “empress," and that Severina given by Combéfis in his Auctar. Novissim. vol. i.
was the wife of the emperor Philip the Arabian, fol. Paris, 1672, with a Latin version, which was
we must bring his death down to the persecution reprinted in the Biblioth. Patr. vol. xxvii
. ed. Lyon.
of Decius (about A. D. 250), if not later ; in which 1677. Mills makes this work the only exception
case Hippolytus, if a disciple of Irenaeus, who died to his judgment that the extant works of Hippo-
in or near A. D. 190, must have been a very old lytus are spurious: he admits that it is “ perhaps
man. The place of his martyrdom was probably genuine. The work published with a Latin version
near Rome, perhaps the mouth of the Tiber or the by Joannes Picus as a work of Hippolytus, llepl
adjacent sea, and the mode drowning, with a stone της συντελείας του κόσμου και περί του Αντι-
round his neck. In this case he must have left | χρίστου και εις την δευτέραν παρουσίας του Κυ-
the East and come to Rome ; and there may be plou nuwv 'Ingoû Xplotou, De Consummatione
some truth in the statement of Peter Damiani, Mundi et de Antichristo, et secundo adventu Domini
cardinal bishop of Ostia, near Rome, a writer of the nostri Jesu Christi, is pronounced by Combéfis to
eleventh century (Opera, vol. iii. p. 217, Opuscul. be spurious, and as such is, in the edition of Fa-
xix. c. 7, ed. Paris, 1743), that after converting bricius, given in an Appendir to the first vol. The
many of the Saracens (a circumstance which accords work of Hippolytus, De Antichristo, is mentioned
with the supposition that his diocese was in Arabia) by Jerome and Photius. 2. Eis Triv Ewoávvar, In
he resigned his bishopric, came from the East to Susannam. This was also published by Coinbéfis,
Rome, where be suffered martyrdom by drowning, as above, with a Latin version, which was reprinted
and was buried by the pious care of his fellow in the Biblioth. Patrum, with the foregoing. It is
Christians. In 1551 the statue of a man seated in a apparently part of the commentary on Daniel men-
monastic habit, and with a shaven crown, was dug tioned by Jerome, of which some other parts re-
up in the neighbourhood of Rome; some of our main. Hippolytus interprets the history of Susanna
authorities say near a church of St. Laurence, others allegorically: Susanna is a type of the church. 3.
say of St. Hippolytus (perhaps the church was dedi- l’ATODELKTIKT) mpos ’lovdalovs, Demonstratio adver-
cated to both, as their names are united in the sus Judaeos. Fabricius gave in his Ist vol. a Latin
Martyrologies): on the sides of the seat were in- version of this fragment, by Franciscus Turrianus,
scribed the Canon of Hippolytus, and a list of his which Possevinus had printed (Appar. Sac. vol. i.
works. Three plates of the statue are given in the p. 763, &c. ), and in his 2nd vol, the original Greek,
edition of the works of Hippolytus published by which Montfaucon had communicated to him. As
Fabricius.
the piece appears to be a paraphrase of Psalm lxix.
In the Acta of a council held at Rome under Fabricius suspects it is part of Hippolytus's Com-
pope Sylvester, A. D. 324 (Labbe, Concilia, vol. i. mentary on the Psalms. 4. Npds Exanvas tóyos.
col. 1547, &c. ), the deacon Hippolytus was con- This is only a fragment. Its authorship is claimed
demned for the Valentinian heresy. It is very for Hippolytus, on the authority of the inscription
doubtful if this is our Hippolytus, who was so far on his statue, where it is called Ipos “Emanuas kad
90
## p. 492 (#508) ############################################
492
HIPPOLYTU'S.
HIPPOLYTUS.
ar pds Natūra i, kai tepl Toû navrós. It was pub- of the Commentary of Hippolytus on Genesis, pub-
lished by Hoeschelius in his notes to Photius, and lished by Fabricius, from an Arabic Catena, in
by Le Moyne in his Varia Sacra, as well as by Fa- Syriac characters, from a MS. in the Bodleian
bricius. It appears to be the work described by Pho- Library, with a Latin version by Gagnier, is re-
tius, under the title Περί του παντός, or Περί της jected by Gallandius as not belonging to the subject
του παντός αιτίας, οι παντός ουσίας. Its authorship of this article; and the short pieces, Περί των ιε'
was in his time very doubtful. At the head of his dTOOTówv, De Duodecim Apostolis, and Tepl thôv
Codex (No. 48) it was called a work of Josephus ; Ó' đTOOTÓAW, De Septuaginta Apostolis, given by
but he says it was variously ascribed to Justin Fabricius in the appendix to his first volume, are
Martyr, Irenaeus, and Caius, to which last he either of doubtful genuineness or confessedly
himself attributes it. The genuineness of this spurious.
fragment is admitted by Oudin. 5. Eis tolv alpeow There were several other works of Hippolytus
Noétov Tivos, Contra Ilacresin Nocti. This is enumerated by Jerome and other ancient writers
probably the concluding portion of his work Ipds now lost. (Euseb. H. E. ri. 20, 22, 23; and
áráoas tas aipérers, Adversus omnes lluercses, Chronic. lib. ii. ; Hieronym. De Viris Illust. c. 61;
mentioned by Eusebius and Jerome, and described Phot. Bill. Cod. 48, 121, 202; Chron. Paschal,
by Photius as directed against thirty-two hercsies, p. 6, ed. Paris, vol. i. p. 12, ed. Bonn; Le Moync,
beginning with the Dosithcans, and ending with Diatribe de Hippolyto in the Prolegomena to his
Noetus, the contemporary of Hippolytus. 6. Kard Varia Sucra; Baron. Annal. ad ann. 229, iv. ;
Βήρωνος και “Ηλικος των αιρετικών περί θεολογίας | Tillermont, Mim. vol. iii. p. 238, &c. ; Lardner,
Kal cap woews, De Thcologia et Incarnatione contra Credibility, &c. , pt. ii. c. 35; Oudin, Comment. de
Beronem et Heliconem (s. IIelicem) haereticos. The Scriptor. Eccles. vol. i. p. 220, &c. ; Basnage,
eight fragments given by Gallandius of this work, Animadversiones de S. Hippolyto, prefixed to his edi-
which is perhaps another portion of the work tion of Canisius, lect. Antiq. ; Fabric. Bill. Gr. vol.
against beresies, are preserved by Nicephorus of Con- vii. p. 183, &c. , and Proleg. and Notes to his edit.
stantinople, in his Antirrhetica contra Iconomachos, of Hippolytus ; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 102, &c.
and were first published in a Latin version in the ed. Oxon, 1740-1743; Galland. Bibl. Patrum,
Lectiones Antiquae of Canisius, vol. v. p. 154 (4to. vol. ii. Prolegom. c. xviii. )
Ingolstadt, 1601), and in Greek by Sirmond, in his 2. Jerome mentions an Hippolytus whom (ac-
Collectunea Anastasii Bibliothecarü, 8vo. Paris, cording to the common but perhaps a corrupt read-
1620. These pieces form the pars prima of the ing) he designates a Roman senator, among the
writings of Hippolytus given by Gallandius. writers who defended Christianity against the
The second part contains the following works: Gentiles. There is much difference of opinion
7. Fragmenta ex Commentario in Genesin, printed among critics as to the person meant. Some sup-
by Fabricius from a MS. in the Imperial Library at pose that the bishop of the Portus Romanus (No. 1)
Vienna. 8. Fragmenta ex Commentariis in varios is intended, and that Jerome has converted him from
rae Scripturae Libros, viz. in Hexäemeron, in a bishop into a senator. Fabricius suggests that the
Genesin, in Numeros, in Psalmos, in Psalm II. , in senator may be one of two Hippolyti recorded in
Psalm XXIII. , in Proverbia, in Canticum Canti- the Martyrologies as suffering in the persecution
corum, in Isaiam, in Dunielem, and in Canticum under Valerian.
part, if not the whole, of Greece. When the 2. The sixteenth of the family of the Asclepiadae,
Athenians founded their colony of Thurii, on the the son of Elaphus, who lived probably in the fifth
site of the ancient Sybaris (B. C. 443), Hippodamus century B. C. , and was one of the chief persons in
## p. 490 (#506) ############################################
490
AIPPOLYTUS.
HIPPOLYTUS.
the island of Cos. (Thessali Orat. ad Aram, in about his time, being drowned in a ditch or pit full
Hippocr. Opera, vol. iii. p. 840. ) (W. A. G. ) of water. That his learning was great, and his
HIPPO'LYTE ('ITTONÚTn). 1. A daughter writings numerous, we have the testimony of Eu-
of Ares and Otrera, was queen of the Amazons, sebius and Jerome, the earliest writers who speak
and a sister of Antiope and Melanippe. She wore, of him. They both speak of him as a bishop,
as an einblem of her dignity, a girdle given to her but without naming his see (for the passage in the
by her father; and when Heracles, by the com- Chronica of Eusebius, in which he is called daloka
mand of Eurystheus, came to fetch this girdle, Hip-Tos ſlópTOU TOÛ kard 'Pusunu, is evidently corrupt),
polyte was slain by Heracles. (Heracles; Hygin. and Jerome expressly asserts that he could not
Fab. 30. ) According to another tradition, Hippo- ascertain it. His episcopal dignity, in the common
lyte, with an army of Amazons, marched into understanding of the word éniOKOTOS, is disputed
Attica, to take vengeance on Theseus for having by C. A. Heumann, who contends that he was
carried off Antiope ; but being conquered by The- “ praefectus" of the port of Ostia ; but we are not
seus, she fled to Megara, where she died of grief, aware that this opinion has found any supporters.
and was buried. Her tomb, which was shown (Heumann, Primitiae Gotting. No. xvii. p. 239. )
there in later times, had the form of an Amazon's As Eusebius thrice mentions Hippolytus, in im-
shield. (Paus. i. 41. $ 7; Plut. Thes. 27; Apollod. mediate connection with Beryllus, bishop of Bostra
ii. 5. & 9; A pollon. Rhod. ii. 968. ) In some ac- in Arabia, it is contended by Le Moyne, Asse-
counts Hippolyte is said to have been married to mani (Bill. Orient. vol. iii. p. i. c. vii. p. 15), and
Theseus instead of Antiope. Euripides, in his others, that Hippolytus was also an Arabian bishop,
Hippolytus, makes her the mother of Hippolytus. and Le Moyne contends that he was a native of
2. The wife of Acastus, according to Pindar that country. In the treatise De Duabus Naturis,
(Nem. iv. 57, v. 26); but Apollodorus calls her generally regarded as a work of pope Gelasius I.
Astydameia. (AcASTUS. )
[L. S. ) (Gelasius, No. 3), he is called “ Arabiae Metro-
HIPPOʻLYTUS ('ITTÓ Autos). 1. One of the polita," but this, so far as his metropolitan rank is
giants who was killed by Hermes. (Apollod. i. 6. concerned, is an error, the probable origin of which
§ 2. )
is pointed out by Basnage. The ignorance of
2. A son of Theseus by Hippolyte or Antiope. Jerome as to his see, and the mistake of Gelasius
(Schol. ad Aristoph. Ran. 873; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. as to his dignity, render it very unlikely that he
419, 1329, 1332; Eurip. Hippol. ) After the was bishop of any place in the immediate neigh-
death of the Amazon, Theseus married Phaedra, bourhood of Rome, still less of Rome itself, as Le-
who fell desperately in love with Hippolytus; but ontius of Byzantium, and Anastasius Sinaita appear
as the passion was not responded to by the step to have held. The fact of his works being in the
son, she brought accusations against him before Greek language increases the improbability of his
Theseus, as if he had made improper proposals to being an Italian bishop, or of his belonging at all
her. Theseus thereupon cursed his son, and re- to the west of Europe ; though the instances of
quested his father (Aegeus or Poseidon) to destroy Cleme of Rome and Irenaeus prevent this argu-
him. (Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 31, de Off. i. 10; ment from being quite conclusive. That he was an
Serv. ad Aen. vi. 445, vii. 761. ) Once therefore, Arabian, at least an Eastern bishop, is most likely;
when Hippolytus was riding in his chariot along but the opinion of Le Moyne and others, that he
the sea-coast, Poseidon sent a bull forth from the was bishop of the city in the territory of Adana,
The horses were frightened, upset the which was the great emporium of the Roman trade
chariot, and dragged Hippolytus till he was dead. (Philostorg. H. E. iii. 4), and was therefore called
Theseus afterwards learned the innocence of his Portus Romanus, is very questionable. Its only
son, and Phaedra, in despair, made away with her support is the subsequent currency of the belief
self. Asclepius restored Hippolytus to life again, that Hippolytus was bishop of the Portus Roma-
and, according to Italian traditions, Artemis placed nus, near Rome ; but this belief is more likely to
him, under the name of Virbius, under the protec- have gained ground from the mouth of the Tiber,
tion of the nymph Egeria, in the grove of Aricia, or its vicinity, being the scene of Hippolytus's
in Latium, where he was honoured with divine martyrdom.
worship. (Hygin. Fab. 47, 49; Apollod. iii. 10. The time in which he lived is determined by
§ 3; Ov. Met. xv. 490, &c. , Fast. iii. 265, vi. 737; Eusebius, who places him in the early part of the
Horat. Carm. iv. 7. 25; comp. Virbius. ) There third century ; and whose statement leads us to
was a monument of his at Athens, in front of the reject the account of Palladius (Hist. Lausiac. c.
temple of Themis. (Paus. i. 22. § 1. ) At Troe 148, apud Bill. Patr. vol. xiii. p. 104, ed. Paris,
zene, where a tomb of Hippolytus was shown, | 1654) and Cyril of Scythopolis (Vita S. Euthymii
there was a different tradition about him. (Paus. apud Cotelerius, Eccl. Graec. Monum. vol. iv. p. 82)
i. 22. & 2; comp. Eurip. Hippolytus. )
that he was acquainted with the apostles. Photius
There are two other mythical personages of this makes him a disciple of Irenaeus, which may be
name. (Apollod. ii. 1. & 5; Diod. iv. 31. ) [L. S. ] true; the same may be said of the statement of
HIPPO'LYTUS (('ITTÓAUTOs). 1. An early Baronius, who “had read somewhere ” that he was
ecclesiastical writer of considerable eminence, but a disciple of Clement of Alexandria ; a statement
whose real history is so uncertain, that almost repeated by som moderns (Semler, Hist. Eccles.
every leading point of it is much disputed. He Selecta Capita, vol. i. p. 73), but supported by no
appears to have lived early in the third century; other appeal to ancient authority than the very in
and the statement commonly received for a long distinct one of Baronius. Photius says that Hip
time was, that he was bishop of Portus Romanus polytus was an intimate friend and admirer of
(the harbour of Rome), at the mouth of the Tiber Origen, whom he induced to become a comment-
(for which the Paschal Chronicle is one of the ear- ator on the Scriptures, and for whose use he main-
liest authorities, if not the earliest), and that he tained at his own cost seven amanuenses or clerks,
suffered martyrdom under Alexander Severus, or to write from his dictation, Taxupuco. , and as
water.
## p. 491 (#507) ############################################
HIPPOLYTUS.
HIPPOLYTUS.
491
а
many others (ypdportes eis kános) to write out a from being a Valentinian, that Epiphanius nientions
fair transcript. But although the acquaintance of him (Panar. Haeres. xxxi. c. 33), with Irenaeus
Hippolytus with Origen is confirmed by the asser- and Clement, as having written against them. The
tion of Hippolytus bimself, who stated (according Acla are so corrupt, if indeed they are not spurious,
to Jerome) that he had Origen among his hearers that they cannot be relied on, and if the memory
when preaching, the other particulars given by of our Hippolytus (for he himself had been long
Photius are founded on a misunderstanding of a dead) incurred any censure at the council, it was
passage in Jerome, who asserts that Ambrosius of probably for differing from the Roman church in
Alexandria, a Marcionite, whom Origen bad con- the calculation of Easter, to which subject he had
verted, induced by the reputation which Hippoly- given great attention.
tus had acquired as a commentator, engaged Origen Several of the works of Hippolytus are enume-
in the exposition of Scripture, and supplied him rated by Eusebius, Jerome, and Photius, and are
with the amanuenses already described.
known by citations in ancient writers. Various
The martyrdom of Hippolytus is not mentioned portions of them are extant, most of which were
by Eusebius ; but Jerome calls him martyr (Praef.
collected and published by J. A. Fabricius, under
ad Mutthaeum) ; and Photius and subsequent the title of S. Hippolyti Episcopi et Martyris
writers commonly so designate him. His naine is Opera, 2 vols. fol. Hamb. 1716–18. Mills, the
found in the Roman, Greek, Coptic, and Abys- editor of the N. T. , had contemplated an edition of
sinian martyrologics ; but the variations in the Hippolytus, and after his death his papers were
calendars are such, that we must suppose them to transmitted to Jo. Wil
. Janus, of Wittemburg,
record the martyrdom of several Hippolyti
. Pru- who was also prevented by death from bringing out
dentius, a Christian poet of the earlier part of the the work. The collections of Mills and Janus con-
fifth century, has a long poem (Liber repl Stepá- tained some pieces or fragments not included by
vwv, seu De Coronis: Hymn. ix. ) on the martyrdom Fabricius ; and further collections appear to have
of Hippolytus ; but this is a different person from been made by Grabe and others. The genuineness
the subject of the present article, unless we sup- of the extant writings of Hippolytus has been dis-
pose, with some critics, that Prudentius has con- puted. Semler doubts the genuineness of the
fused three Hippolyti, and made them one. The whole ; and Oudin and Mills (Proleg. ad N. 7.
date of the martyrdom of our Hippolytus is doubt- p. lxii. ) of nearly the whole. The extant works
ful. Alexander Severus, under whom it has been and fragments were reprinted by Gallandius (Bill.
commonly placed, was not a persecutor; and if we Patr. vol. i. fol. Venet. 1766), who arranges
suppose, with some of the best critics, that the them in the following order :- 1. 'Anodefis nepi
Exhortatorius ad Severinam, enumerated among TOù XplotoŮ kad 'Ayrıxplotov, Demonstrutio de
the writings of Hippolytus, is the work noticed by Christo et Antichristo. This was first published by
Theodoret as addressed tpos Baorrida rivá,“ to a Marquardus Gudius, 8vo. Paris, 1661, and was
certain queen
or “empress," and that Severina given by Combéfis in his Auctar. Novissim. vol. i.
was the wife of the emperor Philip the Arabian, fol. Paris, 1672, with a Latin version, which was
we must bring his death down to the persecution reprinted in the Biblioth. Patr. vol. xxvii
. ed. Lyon.
of Decius (about A. D. 250), if not later ; in which 1677. Mills makes this work the only exception
case Hippolytus, if a disciple of Irenaeus, who died to his judgment that the extant works of Hippo-
in or near A. D. 190, must have been a very old lytus are spurious: he admits that it is “ perhaps
man. The place of his martyrdom was probably genuine. The work published with a Latin version
near Rome, perhaps the mouth of the Tiber or the by Joannes Picus as a work of Hippolytus, llepl
adjacent sea, and the mode drowning, with a stone της συντελείας του κόσμου και περί του Αντι-
round his neck. In this case he must have left | χρίστου και εις την δευτέραν παρουσίας του Κυ-
the East and come to Rome ; and there may be plou nuwv 'Ingoû Xplotou, De Consummatione
some truth in the statement of Peter Damiani, Mundi et de Antichristo, et secundo adventu Domini
cardinal bishop of Ostia, near Rome, a writer of the nostri Jesu Christi, is pronounced by Combéfis to
eleventh century (Opera, vol. iii. p. 217, Opuscul. be spurious, and as such is, in the edition of Fa-
xix. c. 7, ed. Paris, 1743), that after converting bricius, given in an Appendir to the first vol. The
many of the Saracens (a circumstance which accords work of Hippolytus, De Antichristo, is mentioned
with the supposition that his diocese was in Arabia) by Jerome and Photius. 2. Eis Triv Ewoávvar, In
he resigned his bishopric, came from the East to Susannam. This was also published by Coinbéfis,
Rome, where be suffered martyrdom by drowning, as above, with a Latin version, which was reprinted
and was buried by the pious care of his fellow in the Biblioth. Patrum, with the foregoing. It is
Christians. In 1551 the statue of a man seated in a apparently part of the commentary on Daniel men-
monastic habit, and with a shaven crown, was dug tioned by Jerome, of which some other parts re-
up in the neighbourhood of Rome; some of our main. Hippolytus interprets the history of Susanna
authorities say near a church of St. Laurence, others allegorically: Susanna is a type of the church. 3.
say of St. Hippolytus (perhaps the church was dedi- l’ATODELKTIKT) mpos ’lovdalovs, Demonstratio adver-
cated to both, as their names are united in the sus Judaeos. Fabricius gave in his Ist vol. a Latin
Martyrologies): on the sides of the seat were in- version of this fragment, by Franciscus Turrianus,
scribed the Canon of Hippolytus, and a list of his which Possevinus had printed (Appar. Sac. vol. i.
works. Three plates of the statue are given in the p. 763, &c. ), and in his 2nd vol, the original Greek,
edition of the works of Hippolytus published by which Montfaucon had communicated to him. As
Fabricius.
the piece appears to be a paraphrase of Psalm lxix.
In the Acta of a council held at Rome under Fabricius suspects it is part of Hippolytus's Com-
pope Sylvester, A. D. 324 (Labbe, Concilia, vol. i. mentary on the Psalms. 4. Npds Exanvas tóyos.
col. 1547, &c. ), the deacon Hippolytus was con- This is only a fragment. Its authorship is claimed
demned for the Valentinian heresy. It is very for Hippolytus, on the authority of the inscription
doubtful if this is our Hippolytus, who was so far on his statue, where it is called Ipos “Emanuas kad
90
## p. 492 (#508) ############################################
492
HIPPOLYTU'S.
HIPPOLYTUS.
ar pds Natūra i, kai tepl Toû navrós. It was pub- of the Commentary of Hippolytus on Genesis, pub-
lished by Hoeschelius in his notes to Photius, and lished by Fabricius, from an Arabic Catena, in
by Le Moyne in his Varia Sacra, as well as by Fa- Syriac characters, from a MS. in the Bodleian
bricius. It appears to be the work described by Pho- Library, with a Latin version by Gagnier, is re-
tius, under the title Περί του παντός, or Περί της jected by Gallandius as not belonging to the subject
του παντός αιτίας, οι παντός ουσίας. Its authorship of this article; and the short pieces, Περί των ιε'
was in his time very doubtful. At the head of his dTOOTówv, De Duodecim Apostolis, and Tepl thôv
Codex (No. 48) it was called a work of Josephus ; Ó' đTOOTÓAW, De Septuaginta Apostolis, given by
but he says it was variously ascribed to Justin Fabricius in the appendix to his first volume, are
Martyr, Irenaeus, and Caius, to which last he either of doubtful genuineness or confessedly
himself attributes it. The genuineness of this spurious.
fragment is admitted by Oudin. 5. Eis tolv alpeow There were several other works of Hippolytus
Noétov Tivos, Contra Ilacresin Nocti. This is enumerated by Jerome and other ancient writers
probably the concluding portion of his work Ipds now lost. (Euseb. H. E. ri. 20, 22, 23; and
áráoas tas aipérers, Adversus omnes lluercses, Chronic. lib. ii. ; Hieronym. De Viris Illust. c. 61;
mentioned by Eusebius and Jerome, and described Phot. Bill. Cod. 48, 121, 202; Chron. Paschal,
by Photius as directed against thirty-two hercsies, p. 6, ed. Paris, vol. i. p. 12, ed. Bonn; Le Moync,
beginning with the Dosithcans, and ending with Diatribe de Hippolyto in the Prolegomena to his
Noetus, the contemporary of Hippolytus. 6. Kard Varia Sucra; Baron. Annal. ad ann. 229, iv. ;
Βήρωνος και “Ηλικος των αιρετικών περί θεολογίας | Tillermont, Mim. vol. iii. p. 238, &c. ; Lardner,
Kal cap woews, De Thcologia et Incarnatione contra Credibility, &c. , pt. ii. c. 35; Oudin, Comment. de
Beronem et Heliconem (s. IIelicem) haereticos. The Scriptor. Eccles. vol. i. p. 220, &c. ; Basnage,
eight fragments given by Gallandius of this work, Animadversiones de S. Hippolyto, prefixed to his edi-
which is perhaps another portion of the work tion of Canisius, lect. Antiq. ; Fabric. Bill. Gr. vol.
against beresies, are preserved by Nicephorus of Con- vii. p. 183, &c. , and Proleg. and Notes to his edit.
stantinople, in his Antirrhetica contra Iconomachos, of Hippolytus ; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 102, &c.
and were first published in a Latin version in the ed. Oxon, 1740-1743; Galland. Bibl. Patrum,
Lectiones Antiquae of Canisius, vol. v. p. 154 (4to. vol. ii. Prolegom. c. xviii. )
Ingolstadt, 1601), and in Greek by Sirmond, in his 2. Jerome mentions an Hippolytus whom (ac-
Collectunea Anastasii Bibliothecarü, 8vo. Paris, cording to the common but perhaps a corrupt read-
1620. These pieces form the pars prima of the ing) he designates a Roman senator, among the
writings of Hippolytus given by Gallandius. writers who defended Christianity against the
The second part contains the following works: Gentiles. There is much difference of opinion
7. Fragmenta ex Commentario in Genesin, printed among critics as to the person meant. Some sup-
by Fabricius from a MS. in the Imperial Library at pose that the bishop of the Portus Romanus (No. 1)
Vienna. 8. Fragmenta ex Commentariis in varios is intended, and that Jerome has converted him from
rae Scripturae Libros, viz. in Hexäemeron, in a bishop into a senator. Fabricius suggests that the
Genesin, in Numeros, in Psalmos, in Psalm II. , in senator may be one of two Hippolyti recorded in
Psalm XXIII. , in Proverbia, in Canticum Canti- the Martyrologies as suffering in the persecution
corum, in Isaiam, in Dunielem, and in Canticum under Valerian.
