No More Learning

'34 Among these is one designated
"
Trac-
'*' Many of these were dispersed before and about the period of the great French Revolution. Mon. Galvais wrote a valu- able treatise on the libraries of France, in theearlierpartofthelastcentury; andthe learned Father Montfaucon treats about
tatus de veneno Vitiorum, a fratre Malachia
de provincia Ybernise. " See Cooper's
"
AppendixA,"p. 184.
*3S See Canisius, "Lectiones Antiquae,"
X. , p. 661.
'37 See Murray's
"
Handbook for Travel- lers in Sicily," pp. 67, 68, 70.
'39 See the valuable work of Antonio
*'
Siculis,
recentiorasaecula illustarunt, notitia? locuple-
tissimffi ; in quibus non solum Siculorum
Scriptoribus
qui
cl INTRODUCTION.
scripts. The former Royal or Imperial—now known as the National— Library of Paris contains a vast number of most rare and interesting manu- scripts for the Irish ecclesiastical historian's purpose. '<* The Library of the Arsenal and the Library of St. Genevieve, as also the Mazarine or Institute Library, abound in similar treasures. '*3 These four libraries alone are com- puted to contain over 60,000 manuscripts. "** Other great French cities, we have been informed from many sources, contain numberless acts of Irish Saints—especially as connected with France. Prague. —There is a fine collection of books and manuscripts'^^ in this city,'*^ the seat of a cele- brated ancient university,'*7 and the capital of Bohemia. '*^ Rebdorf. —At this place, there are some antique literary treasures. **' Here are matters of interest for the Irish hagiographer. 'so Ratisbon or Regensbourg. —The books and manuscripts kept in the various libraries here's' are of special value's* ThelearnedMabillonhasallusiontothem,'53andtheyhavebeen frequentlynoticedbybibliographers's*andbytravellers. 'ss TheIrishhistorio-
will even find materials's^ for the furtherance of his grapher —
objects. 'sr Rennes. This town, once the capital of Upper Brittany. 'ss has a public library, containing 30,000 volumes, and many rare manuscripts. '59 This city was anciently called Condate, by the old Celtic inhabitants, while the
them in his " Bibliotheca Bibliothecarum," tomus ii.
»*' See Dibdin's "Bibliographical, Anti- quarian, and Picturesque Tour through France and Germany," vol. ii. , letter xxiv. to letter xxviii. , pp. 122 to 318.
'S' The reader will find an interesting de-
lex I. ibrorum tam ImpressorumquamManu- '*3 See ibid. , letters xxviii. , xxix. , pp. scriptorum," quos collegit E. G. Rinck,
318 to 380.
'*< See Petit-Radel's "Recherches sur les
pars, vi. , pp. loii to 1048. Published at Leipsig, A. D. 1747, in 8vo.
"53 See " Iter Gtrmanicum," prefixed to
"
Bibliotheques anciennes et modemes " In
an 8vo volume, published at Taris, a. d, the
1819.
"
Sehenswurdige Biblio- theken Teutschlands," band iii. , pp. 192, 199 and 201 to 211. Savigny, "Geschichte
des Romischen Rechtes im Mittelalter," History of the Roman rights or laws in the Middle Ages, band iv. , p. 359.
Vetera Analecta," pp. 9 to ir.
'5* See Pezius, "Dissertatio Isagogica,"
xxxviii.
'55 See Krauss* "Bibliotheca Principalis
and
"
196, Supplement to Appendix A," p. 63.
'« See " Cooper's
188 to 190, and " Supplement to Appendix A,"
p. 63.
'** Hirsching,
Ecclesiae et Monasterii Ordinis S. Bene-
dicti, ad S. Emmeramum Epis. et Martyr. " Published at Ratisbon, in four parts, A. D. 1748, i2mo.
'5* See Cooper's "Appendix A," pp. 197 to 200, and " Supplement to Appendix A," pp. 63 to 65.
'57 See Dr. O'Conor's "Bibliotheca MSS.
Stowensis," vol. i. , pp. 50, 51, vol. ii. , p. 26.
'58 See Mrs. Charles Stothard's "Letters written during a Tour through Normandy,
of in France,
»*' " See Canisius,
and other
Appendix
A,"
pp.
p.
" Handbook for Travel- lers in Southern Germany," Route 265, pp.
453. 454-
»*« See Ennis' "Complete System of Mo-
dem Geography," p. 940.
^^ See
Murray's
Lectiones Antiquse," tomus ii. , pars, i. , p. 99.
parts 1818," Letter xviii. , p. 184.
'50 See " A,"
'59 See *' Handbook for Travel- Murray's
lers in France," Route 34, p. 120,
Cooper's Appendix p.
scription
of this city in " Hand- Murray's
book for Travellers in Southern Germany,"
Route 168, pp. 106 to 112.
»i
»S3 ggg Bibliotheca Rinckiana seu Supel-
Brittany,
'*°See M. Malte-Brun's "Universal Geo- graphy," &c. , vol. viii,, book cxliii. , p. 304.
dinal Mezzofanti," &c. By Very Rev.
Charles W. Russell, D. D. , chap, xii. , p.
338.
'** See " Handbook for Rome Murray's
and its Environs," sect. i. The public and private libraries at Rome are noticed. The Vatican, at pp. 217 to 219; Angelica, p. 128 ; Barberini, p. 244; CoUegio Romano, p. 271 ; Sapienza, p. 271 ; Minerva, p. 152; Corsini, p. 254 ; Chigi, 250 ; S. Filippo
»*'See
Travels. Catalog! Manuscriptorum,"
Also Haenel's
Zapf, '*
or
" Reisen,"
INTRODUCTION. cli
Romans afterwards distinguished it as Rhedones. '^ Rheinau or Riche- NAU. —Here were preserved very curious manuscripts. ^^' Richenau is an island, about three miles long and one broad, and it contains a fine Befie- dictine abbey. '*^ Several—coaices of interest for the Irish hagiographer will be found here. '^3 Rome. The Library of the Vatican at Rome, in 1846,'** contained the collected books and manuscripts, which four hundred years of care and expense have enabled the Popes to accumulate from every part of the civilized world, with the addition of many libraries of convents and royal palaces, voluntarily added to its stores. =^s The Greek, Latin and Oriental manuscripts alone number' 24,000. These are admitted to be among the richest and rarest in the world. '^^ In the great Vatican Library. "^^ we are informed, that there is a vellum MS. , of 170 folios, in 4to size, con-
the chronicle of Marianus " the most elaborate historical Scotus,'^^
taining
production of the Middle Ages," and bearing the autograph of its illustrious chronographer. '^9 The chronicle is divided into three books :'7° the first book embraces that period from Adam to Christ fT^ the second is a life of
PP- 734-740.
'''See Coxe's "Travels in Switzerland, and in the Country of the Orisons," vol. i. , Letteriii. , pp. 14, 15.
"'sSee Cooper's 201.
'*
Appendix A," pp. 200,
Neri, p. 156 ; Inquisition, p. 260 ; S. Ca- '^^See J. S. Buckingham's "France, listo, p. 155 ; Casinatense, p. 152 ; S. Croce Piedmont, Italy, Lombardy, and the in Gerusaleme, p. 140. Several other li- Tyrol," vol. ii. , chap, vii. , p. 133. The braries in Rome, however, are there un-
new Vatican Library, and the printing press in the same palace, are among those foun- dations due to Sixtus V. See Charles Isi- dore Hemans' " Historic and Monumental Rome," chap, iii. , p. 115.
noticed.
'*' Pope Nicholas V. may be considered
as its great ibunder, and succeeding Pontiffs, by their munificence, industry and influence, have greatly enriched that inestimable re-
3*5 "The Librarian of the
Vatican,
or as
See Astle's " and Pro- Origin
he is more properly called the " Librarian
of the Roman Church" {Bibliotecario dilla
ChUsa Romana), is always a cardinal, com-
monly the cardinal of state. His duties as
such, however, are, in a great measure,
; manage- ment practically rest with the Ptimo Custode, or Chief Keeper of the Library, who is as- sisted by a second keeper, and seven scrit- toriy or secretaries, among whom are dis- tributed the seven departments - Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic, Greek, Latin, Italian, and modern foreign languages—into which the books are classified. "—"The Life of Car-
pository.
gress of Writing," Introduction, p. xvii.
nominal and the details of the
="* See his lile, at the 30lh of Jan. arv.
"
Iste liber pertinet ad Librarium, L. Martini, Mogun-
tiae, 1497. "
"70 At fol. line is "
27, 26, found, Incipit
"
Mariani Scoti Cronaca clara.
''The first and third books were pub-
lished by Heroldus, at Basle, in 1559 ; they were reprinted at Frankfort in 1583 ; and by Struvius in 1720. Voss undertook to publish this work in its integrity, but did
not live to carry out his design. Finally, it was edited by Waitz, in the fifth volume of
'*9 On the first folio is written,
clii INTRODUCTION.
Our Lord, being a Catena of the Gospels fT^ while the third extends from the Ascension to the year 1083. Not forming part of the Chronicle, is
given a list of Irish kings,=73 introduced by a sentence, partly Irish and partly Latin. Severalnoblefamiliesandmostofthereligioushouses,atRome,had formed extensive collections both of books and manuscripts. ^74 in the Barbarini list of manuscripts, relating to Ireland, about thirteen of them refer directly to Irish saints. Among the Palatine manuscripts are two, con- taining the purest text of a collection of Irish canons. ^^s Few other docu- ments of purely national interest seem to be preserved in this large collec- tion of manuscripts. =76 Within the -former Papal States, there were no less than seven universities, namely, those of Ferrara, Bologna, Urbino, Mace- rata,Camerino,PerugiaandRome. Eachoftheseuniversitieswassupplied with an ample library, in some of which were to be found works of great antiquity and of rare value. '^z Rouen. —The public library at Rouen, in Normandy, has several curious manuscripts of an ecclesiastical character. '^s It is mainly composed of books,'79 belonging to the Academy, and spoiled from different monasteries, convents and chateaux, after the great French Revolution. ^^ Thereappeartobekeptheresomemanuscriptsofinterest
the " Monumenta Germaniae Historica. "
Giesebrecht examined the MS. when search-
"
ing for materials for the Life of Gregory
the Seventh. " Owing to their ignorance of the Irish language, however, both he and Waitz committed some blunders.
'7^ It seems somewhat strange that, nei- ther in the old editions nor in that celebrated Collection of Pertz, is there any mention of the second book.
parte eius ; i. , de Leth Chiunn, vegerunt, Chunn Cetchatach co Fland Alac Mailsech- naill. It may thus be translated into Eng-
lish : "These are the Kings of Ireland,
who reigned in one half of it, namely, the portion of Conn (the northern half of Ire-
Graves, the Protestant Bishop of Limerick, who says, these ecclesiastical canons contain among them several laws, that are of a purely civil character, with many allusions to the existing state of society. Among ancient Brehon laws, still exant in the Irish lan- guage, the very same institutions are to be foimd, forming part of a system, which is altogether similar and coherent Thus, the independent testimony of the Canons, whose age is now fully ascertained, demonstrates the genuineness and antiquity of our Brehon laws.
='70 See a letter of Rev. B. MacCarthy,
dated St. Colman's College, Fermoy, July 9th, 1872, headed "Celtic MSS. in the
"
Vatican. It was published in Tlie Tablet
of Saturday, July 20th, 1872.
*73 At folio 15, b, occurs this notice %yycAflathi Hibemiae qui ex dimedia {sic)
:
" Hi
from Conn of the Hundred Battles "77 See Francis "Rome: land), John Maguire's
(a. d. 151), to Flann, son of Maelsechnaill (A. D. 914).
*7* One of the most interesting works, on the subject of the Roman Libraries, is the Very Rev. Jeremiah Donovan's '* Rome : Ancient and Modem, and its Environs. " See vol. i. , chap, ii. , pp. 335, 336 ; vol. ii. , chap, i. , pp. 488 to 503 ; vol. iii. , chap, xi. , PP- 943 to 999. See also an account of the ruins of the ancient Palatine Library in vol. iv. , chap, xvii. , pp. 261 to 266.
'«Allusion is made to them by Dr.
its Ruler and its Institutions," chap, xxv. , pp. 288, 289.
'7* A library belongs to the cathedral here, and a beautiful view of this library stair- case is given in Mrs. Charles Stothard's "Letters written during a Tour through Normandy, Brittany, and other parts of France, in 1818," Letter iii. , p. 26.
'79 The Catalogue contained over 33,OO0 titles of books, in 1835.
=^See Le Vicomte Walsh's "Explora- tions en Normandie," pp. 511 to 514.
Schweitz," or History of Switzerland, band i. , p. 282. Also Wilhelm Carl Grimm's "Ueber deutsche or
at Gbttingen, A. D. 182 1, in i2mo.
These will be found ably edited, in Scrip-
''^'' It is
tomus
Ratpertum, Ekkehardum IV. Burkardum, ConradumdeFabaria,"pp. 59to183. At the end is found this "Christiani
'*5 In his "
intituled, "Catalogus
torum,
ii. ,
per
Coenobii S. Galli Confessoris Xpi. saeculi
noni,"inNo. 728.
1872, in 4to.
^^ See " Grammatica Celtica. E monu-
Celtiche. " The first number was published at Fizenze, Torino and Rome, by Ermanno Loescher, A. D.
notice, Kuchinmeister continuationem Casuum S.
Galli, una cum aliis Chronicis Germanica
dialecta scriptis edendam Tomo Uno e
sequentibus seposuimus. "
^90 Notices of these appear in the "Mo-
numenta Germanise Historica," tomus ii. ,
PP- 31. 34-
=9' See Henry O'Shea's "Guide to Spain
and Portugal," pp. 359, 360.
^^ See the ' ' Historia del Convent© de
San Agustin de Salamanca," by Herrera, published at Madrid, A. D. 1652 : the His- toria del Colegio Viejo de S. Bartolome, by Roxas y Contreras, published at Madrid, in three (olio volumes, A. D. 1766 to 1770;
Reliquie
mentis vetustis tam Hibemicse linguae quam Britannicae dialecti Cambricse Comicse Ar- moricae, nee non e Gallicse priscae reliquiis construxit," I. C. Zeuss Fhilos. Dr. Histor. prof. Lipsiae, mdcccliii. 2 vols. Editio altera. Curavit H. MDCCCLXVI11. -LXXI.
*^' See Scheuchzerus, " Itinera per Helve- tiam," tomus iv. , pp. 546, 547. Published at Leyden, ad. 1723, in four volumes 4to. Also, Von Arx, " Geschichte cles Kanton
St. or of the Canton of St. Gallen," History
"
Appendix A," pp. 78 to 96, and Supplement to Ap-
Geschichte
der
pendix A, pp. 19 to 23.
^^9 The most authentic ancient chronicles
of St. Gall may be read in that magnificent
INTRODUCTION. cHii
to the Irish hagiographer. ''^^ About the time of the French Revolution, not
fewer than 10,000 volumes, taken from the public library, are supposed to have been burned. ^^^ Saint Gall. —This very famous monastic library in Switzerland contains numerous and most choice specimens of early Irish literature. ^^3 An inedited catalogue of its codices yet exists, and of an old date. ^^'* Fully and minutely, the Chevalier Constantino Nigra has described Irish MSS. , existing in the Monastery of St. Gall, and treated about their ancient compilers. '^^s This is done, however, more in a philological than in a historical point of view. Those MSS. also greatly assisted the learned German Celtic scholar, I. C. Zeuss, to construct his celebrated work,^^'^ and to furnish it with old Irish forms of words. Travellers and local historio- graphers have alike excited the curiosity of Celtic scholars, regarding the St. Gall manuscripts. ^^7 A great mine of ancient national lore is to be found among these codices. '^^^ The learning of Pertz^^9 has introduced many—of those treasures to the attention of historical students. ^9° Salamanca. Besides some libraries of the religious orders here, the University Library contains 6o,,ooo volumes. ^9' Its university dates back to the fourteenth century, and it once attracted upwards of 10,000 students from all parts of the world. ^9^ It had an Irish college attached, well attended by Irish stu-
^^ See a description in Rev. Thomas Gall. Published at St. Gall, in three vo-
"
Frognall Dibdin'& Bibliographical, Anti- lumes 8vo. , a. d. 1810 to 1813.
quarian and Picturesque Tour in France
and Germany," vol. i. , Letter ix. , pp. i6i
'^ Several very curious illustrations and accounts of these invaluable manuscripts
to 179.
^8=
See ibid. , p. 180, ''^s See Miiller,
are to be seen in Cooper's "
"
" Monumenta Germanise His- German Ruins, pp. 106 to iio. Published torica," edited by George Henry Pertz.
Runen," Concerning collection,
Librorum
the "Casus S. Galli
Ebel, Berolini,
also,
" Resena Historia de la
Universidad,"
cliv INTRODUCTION.
dents, and its bi—blioteca contained manuscript acts of our island saints. '53 Salmansweiler. Atthemonasteryofthisplace,inBaden,thereisavalu- able collection of manuscripts. '9* Among these are some interesting to the Irish hagiographer. 'ss The learned Benedictine Fathers, John Mabillon and Micliael Germanus, have left some notices of this place. '? ^ Saltzburg. —Near this city of Upper Austria'97 is the Benedictine abbey of Monchs- berg,'98withitsfinelibraryof36,000vGlumes. '99 Thiscityhadauniversity formerly,3<» but it is now reduced to a lyceum, having a library of 20,000 volumes, and probably containing 120 manuscripts. 3o» Some of these latter belong to the eighth and ninth centuries. 3°' Several are of great interest for the Irish ecclesiologist and antiquary. 3°3 Among them is an account of the life and miracles of the Irish founder, St. Virgil, apostle of Carinthia. 3°4 ScHAFHAUSEN. —This Swiss town is situated on the northern shore of the Rhine. 3°5 Here there is a fine public library, and from the published cata-
3°^ we are made — with the logue, acquainted
that it
Irish histo-
rical records. 3°7 Simancas.
from Valladolid—formerly a royal seat—preserves the archives of Spain. In 1853, contained in forty-three rooms, there were 90,000 packages of paper, awaiting investigation from the curious. 3°^ Here, on the loth of September, 1602, died Red Hugh 0'Donnell,^°5 in that house belonging to the King of Spain. 3»° Stockholm. —In this capital city of Sweden, the
This old
by several of its Professors, published at Salamanca, A D. 1849.
•93 Colgan frequently quotes such manu- scripts as once belonging to Salamanca.
*9^ See Z "Reisen in Klostem- ipf's einigen
Schwabens," or Travels in some Cloisters
of Swabia, p. 54. Also Gerbertus' *' Iter "
Alemannicum, p. 245. "
Spanish towTi,
''" Sammlungkurtzer Reisebesclireibungen,
"95 See Cooper's Appendix A," p. 202.
pendix A," p. 66.
3°5 See Coxe's ' ' Travels in Switzerland,
and in the Country of the Grisons," vol. i. . Letter 2, p. 5.
3<* For the first time, the Catalogue of the Public Library at Shalhausen was printed in 1824. It is an octavo volume of 574
^ See the
to Mabillon's
and 25.
*'
"
"
•99 See
Murray's
" Handbook for Travel-
Iter Germanicum," prefixed
Vetera Analecta," pp. 14
'9' See Gerbertus, " Iter See, " Bibliotheca Ministerii Alemannicum," pages. also,
p. 419.
*»* There is a printed Catalogue, "Biblio-
thek der Benedictiner Abbey, St. Michaelis *uf dem Monchsberg. "
Sacri Scaphusiensis," a. D. 1820. Likewise
"
Teutsches Kunstler-Lexicon, band iii. , p. 501.
3°7SeeCooper's"AppendixA,"p. 204,
and" to A," 66, Supplement Appendix pp.
67.
3°* See Lady Louisa Tenison's superbly-
lers in Southern Germany," sect, xi. , p.
241.
"
3<»A description of this occurs in the
illustrated work,
Castile and Andalucia,"
Iter Germanicum," prefixed to Mabillon's "Vetera Analecta," pp. il, 12.
*»See J. R. M'Culloch's "Dictionary, Geographical, Statistical and Historical," vol.