Courtenay
Moore's "Chronicles of S.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v2
and of Henry III.
,
Emperor, these were ejected, and the canons
were restored to it. Jean Jaques Chifflet •'
Vensontionis," pars ii. , cap. 48.
^9 He was Archbishop of Besanfon.
that of Salins. Saussay, Ferrarius and Mo- lanus, with many other authorities, seem to
agree on this point. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," Februarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo et Confessore. Ex di- versis, p. 243 and nn. 4, 5.
3S According to Robert Claude, in his
Catalogue of the Bishops of Besanjon. See the Bollandists' "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Februarii iii. Commentarius Prsevius, sect, i. , num. 4, p. 356. Old edition.
36 Qne of these, and the principal, had been dedicated to St. Anatolius, the second to St. Maurice, and the third to St. Michael.
^^ See " Gain- Sausay Martyrologium
canum," at the 3rd of February,
3^ Their titulars were St. Anatolius, St.
nineteenth year of Pope St. Leo I. , Eu- Maurice, St. John the Baptist, and the
genius II. , reigning over the Scots. Again, he adds, this holy man's relics were trans- lated to Salins, Pope Leo VIII. in St.
Blessed Virgin Mary.
39 it was called Blin ; Bd^ signifying
"rock," and /«« "top," because it was on the very top of a rocky mountain. See M. Bullet's "Memoiressur la LangueCeltique," tome i. Premiere partie. Description Ety- mologique des Gaules, p. 184.
^o Qiiberjus Cognatus "In Descriptione
Peter's Chair, and Indulph reigning in Scot- "
land. See Historia Ecclcsiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. i. , sect. 43, p. 33"
3' See the Bollandists' "Acta Sancto-
" Rebus Sequanicis," lib. ii. , cap. 24, have
rum," tomus i. , Februarii iii. tarius Praevius, sect, i. , p. 356.
Commen-
Burgundise," and Ludovicus Gollutius,
De
33 See at that gundici. "
date,
" Fasti
et Bur-
treated about this saint and his
3* Thus is his Natalis entered, in the Mar- tyrology of the Church of Besanjon, and in
tory of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect« vii. , p. 363.
Belgici
place,
See Dr. Lanigan's Ecclesiastical His*
»"
in the eleventh century,
February 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS 269
not be possible, on account of their number, to treat about the miracles of St.
Anatolius,inacompendiousway. Thefollowingmiracles,however,arevery remarkable. Asifincruelmockeryofhishaplesscondition,theson—called in Latin Omatus—of a rustic, named Peter, had been deprived of the use of his limbs, and almost of his senses. This poor youth lived in a place, called CrementisorCremensis,abouteightmilesdistantfromSalins. Thiscripple, Ornatus, was brought to the tomb of St. Anatolius, and placed in the porch or hall of his church, before the doors. Through the holy confessor's merits, that forlorn youth recovered the exercise of his limbs and he was restored to other lost faculties. A very poor woman, from the same part of the country, hadherlimbsverymuchdistortedandpowerless; while,herveryappear- ance was an object of horror to all beholders. She, too, was conducted before the altar, in the church of Anatolius and, there with loud invoca-
Suddenly, vigour seemed returning to her wasted limbs, and beauty to her figureandfeatures; while,withouttheslightesthumanassistance,shearose andwalked. Tearsofjoysucceededtotheemotionsofpityforhersadcase; while, praising God and His holy servant, for the mercy shown that poor woman, the people present struck their breasts, in token of their gratitude and admiration. After the saint's body had been interred, his arm seems to have been preserved, in a separate shrine. The city of Salins took fire, at one time, and it appears the walls and houses had been constructed of very inflammable materials. ^^ One house taking fire threatened destruction to all the rest. Despairing of human assistance, the townspeople brought forth the arm of Anatolius, and placed it before the spreading flames. Wonderful instance of the outstretched arm of God, enduring in mercy,43 and concurring withthatofhisholyservant! Instantly,thecc)nflagrationceased; and,as he had relieved so many from disease and suffering, so did the Blessed Anatolius save his devout clients and their city, from the ravages of fire. -** Like those large rivers, that run continuously, and irrigate various lands, through which they flow, spreading fertility along their course, their sources beingoccultandunknown; so,thissaint'smiraclesandmerits,inlaterages, have been productive of various benefits to his intercessors, although his life and acts be clouded in much obscurity, and comparatively veiled from notice, owing to the wreck of ancient records.
Article II. —Feast of St. Colman Mac Duach, Bishop and Patron
OF KiLMACDUAGH DiocESE. \Seventh Cejitury. '] The Acts of this holy
bishop have been given by Colgan, at the 3rd day of February,^ although his chieffestivalappearstohavebeenkept,onthe29thofOctober. ^ Forthis
;
tions—those hearing her being moved to tears—she called for his help.
4= Gilbertus Cognatus writes, that the chief
and finest houses were lofty, but the walls
were slight, being held together with inter- laced beams, and filled in with gypsum or a sort of plaster. The poorer houses were also skimmed over, with the latter material. See ''Descriptio Burgundiae. "
43 Psalms cxxxv. , 12.
vulgo Macduach, ex diversis, pp. 244 to
44 See the BoUandists' "Acta Sanctorum,"
tomus i. , Februarii iii. De S. Anatolio of the family, when this work was com-
Episcopo Salinis in Burgundia. Vitaauctore
anonymo. , sect. 7, 8, p. 359.
Article ii. —^ See "Acta Sanctorum
Hibernioe," Februarii iii. De S. Colmano,
piled, and whose testimony, the O'Clerys intimate was the more worthy of credit. because St. Colman Mac Duach had been the patron saint of his tribe, and belong-
248, including an appendix in two chapters, ^""
The MartyrologyofDonegal states: *' Ua Sechnasaigh says, that the festival of Mac Duach is on the 27th of October, for
he was his own patron and his relative. " See Drs. Todd and Reeves' edition, pp. 38, 39. In a note Dr. Todd adds, that this was probably the O'Shaughnessy, or head
270 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February 3.
date, we reserve his memoirs ; however, it may be necessary to premise a few observations here, as some of our Calendarists have assigned him a feast, at the 3rd of February. The " FeiHre " of St. ^ngiis has no notice of the saint, at the present date ; and, yet, the mere name, Colman Mac Duach, occurs in the Martyrology of Tallagh, on this day. 3 Hence, we are to understand, that to his original name, Colman, had been added that of his father, to distinguish him from so many other saints so called. This holy manwasthesonofDuach. 4 HesprungfromtheraceofFiachra,sonto Eochaidh Muidhmheadhoin. According to the Martyrology of Donegal,s at this day was venerated Colman, Bishop, i. e. , Mac Duach, of Cill Mic Duach, in Connacht. Sir Harris Nicholas^ fixes the 3rd of February, like- wise, for the feast of St. Colman. 7 It has been asserted, that Corker^ is the exact spot, where St. Colman first saw the light f but, the only reason for this statement seems based on the facts, that there is at the place, a holy
well, called Tubbermacduagh,^° yet frequented by inhabitants of the sur- rounding districts, and, at some distance from it, the wall of an old church,
abouttwentyfeetinlength,isstillstanding. " Thewellistraditionallysaid to have furnished him with water. There is nothing very remarkable in the
scenery surrounding Corker ;" but, the mountains of Burren, in the county of Clare, are not very distant,^3 and these have a stern, bleak appearance. This saint was greatly renowned for his virtues and miracles. ^^ He lived as a recluse, before the year 620,^5 in the Burren mountains. '^ The place of
his cell, in a wild rocky valley, is yet pointed out. At the hermitage can be seen the spring, which furnished St. Colman with water. The saint's bed, a
recess in a rock, resembling that of St. Kevin, at Glendalough, is only a few yardsdistantfromtheoratory,aportionofwhichisstillstanding. Helived,
for a time, in Aran Mor ; yet, the period is not exactly known. '7 Afterwards, St. Colman removed to Kilmacduagh, where he built a church and monas- tery. He died, it is said, in a. d. 632. '^ In place of St. Colman's old church has been erected one of most beautiful design. The peasantry call it Team-
ing to the race. See Genealogical Table a severe winter; but, young shoots have
in O'Donovan's "Tribes and Customs of Hy Fiachrach. "
3 See Rev. Dr. Kelly's edition, p. xiv.
*• " He was of the same family as —Guaire
Aidhne, King of Connaught. " Miss
since grown to supply tlieir place. It is said, the perpetrator of this desecration bore after- wards on his features evident marks of God's displeasure.
"These lie near the road from Gort to
Galway.
" Tullyra [House is near Tubbermac-
duagh.
*3 See "Notes on the Life of St. Colman,"
Stokes'
'*
Notes on Irish Architecture," vol.
i. , part ii. , sect, i. , p. 77.
5 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
38, 39. In a note here appended, WilUam
M. Hennessy writes, in his own copy of it,
by the Rev. Mr. Spellacy, chap, ii. , p. 10.
•' son of Duach Conall Dathi. H. i, 10, 124, b. "
'
Eoch. uile.
' See " of edited Martyrology Donegal,"
See "Chronology of History," p. 141. 7 He says, there were nine saints of the name. He might have stated, there were
over one hundred.
^Probably the townland so named in the
parish and barony of Kiltartan, as marked on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps
for the County of Galway. " Sheets 113, 114,122,123.
9 The people about here are remarkable
for their virtuous dispositions and simplicity of habits.
"Beautiful old hawthorn bushes grew around this well. These were cut down several years ago, to furnish firewood, during
by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 38, 39.
'S gee Miss Stokes' "Notes on Irish
Irish Architecture," vol. i. , part ii,, sect, i. , p. 77.
Cromwell's are
troopers that there was not on them enough of water to drown a man, enough of earth to bury a man, nor enough
Eoghan
^'^ Weare
told, reported to have said,
"
"
'7 See Miss Stokes' "Notes on Irish
Architecture," vol. i. , part ii. , sect, i. , p. 77.
'» See the Rev.
Courtenay Moore's "Chronicles of S. Colman, and of St. Colman's Farahy, Diocese of Cloyne," p. 6. Cork : 1872. i2mo.
of wood to hang a man.
February 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 271
poulMuinterHeine—theChurchoftheClanO'Heine. Thesanctuaryis built of marble. A round tower, near it, and said to have been constructed by the celebrated architect, the Gobain Saor, is a most interesting relic of antiquity. It is yet in a good state of preservation. The style of the church is Norman'9—as vulgarly supposed—and it differs most strikingly from the ruins, with their square-headed door-ways, which are found in the neighbouring districts. ''° The church architecture has been described
by
diocese, of which this saint became patron, was called after the church, which
he had there founded. However, his own proper name does not occur in
this compound denomination. Many miracles are attributed to this saint.
A Novena in his honour, to be begun on the 25th January or 20th October,
has been recited frequently, in the diocese of Kilmacduagh. The place,
where St. Colman's little oratory stood, and where the cave in which he
slept and two altars may be seen, is still visited by pilgrims, on the saint's
day, February 3rd. =^^ After death, this holy bishop's memory had been held
in special veneration, especially along the western shores, and in the Islands
ofGalway. Thechurch,calledTempull-mic-Duach,ortheC—hurchofSt.
MacDuagh,alsocalledColmanus,andsurnamedMacDuagh wasahand-
somechurch,ontheIsleofAran. =3 ithadbeendedicatedtothatsaint,
according to Archbishop Malachy Keely's list. =4 No further record of it,
however, appears to have been preserved ; although, it is the most curious
churchtobeseeninAran. Itiscomposedofnaveandchancel. Thenave
andchancelwallshavebeenaddedto,andraisedseveralfeet; but,these
additions give a very ugly character, to this most striking old church. ^s The
ruins of TeampuU Mic Duach Church, on Aran Mor,'^^ stand in the rich
plainofPortMurvey. '^^ Theseareyetinfinepreservation,andpresenta
beautiful specimen of the Cyclopean masonry, which prevailed in the sixth
''^ Some of the stones measure ten in are
century. feet, length ; while, many about one foot eight inches, in thickness. A small, narrow door-way, which
is shaped like the entrance to an Egyptian tomb, has been noted, as a re-
*5 In anothei- place, we purpose showing, that the types of church, often supposed to have been Saxon or Norman in design, were
are given ; together, with a fine photograph representing an exterior view of the church, as also a second interior view, representing
distinctively Irish. Indeed, the early Chris- the primitive doorway and its adjoining tian churches of Scotland, and especially of walls. See vol. i. , part ii. , sect, i. , pp. 75
Northumbria, had been constructed very generally, by Irish ecclesiastics, and after a fashion then prevailing in Ireland.
'" See Rev, Mr. Spellacy's "Notes on
the Life of St. Colman," cap. vi. , pp. 22,
to 77.
^^
This is the largest of the group of islands, often called South Arran, to distin- guish them from Arran or Arranmore Is- lands, off the county of Donegal coast. The former lie across the mouth of Galway Bay, in the direction of east-south-east, and west- north-west. They form a chain, about 12 miles long, but in no part are they more
"
=7 This denomination—like many another one well known to the inhabitants of its
23.
'* "
See Ecclesiastical Architecture and
Round Towers of Ireland," part ii. , sect.
iii. , subs. I, pp. 175, 176, subs. 3, pp. 385,
404, 405.
"See Miss Stokes' "Notes on Irish
Architecture," vol. i. , part ii. , sect, i. , p. 77.
than 2 miles broad. See Gazetteer of Ireland," vol. i. , p. 85.
** Acta Sanctorum Hiber- niae," xxi. Martii. Appendix ad Acta S.
Endaei, cap. vii. , p. 715.
^^ See * ' The Irish Ecclesiastical Record,"
vol. vii. A visit to the Aran-More of St.
Enda, part ii. , p. 114.
^5 In Miss Stokes' Notes on Irish
Architecture," the most minute and accurate measurements of the various church details
—is not on the Ordnance
The group of Arran Islands forms a sea-girt
'3 See
Colgan's
place
Survey Maps,
**
Ordnance Sur- vey Townland Maps for the County of Gal-
barony as exhibited on the
way. " Sheets no, in, 119, 120.
'^
antiquity have been discovered. See Miss Stokes' "Notes on Irish Architecture," vol. i. , part ii. , sect, i. , pp. 76, 77.
Dr. Petrie. '^ The
Near it, several interesting objects of
**
Parliamentary
SJ2 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February 3.
markable feature of the building. ='9 In this church are windows of extreme antiquity, having lintels formed of two leaning stones. 3° A beautiful semi- circular eastern Avindow appears to be of more recent date. There is a
>»i. ->NK*3iiv^'^"'
Temple Mac Duach, Aran Mor.
Stone, leanmg against the east gable. It has a rudely cut opening, which seems to have been the head of a more ancient window. 3^ Near this church, there is a holy well, with several antiquarian remains. s^ For an archaeolo- gist, the old edifice and its surrounding are interesting objects for study.
ArticleIII. —St. FothadhII. ,ArchbishopofScotland. [Elevefitk
Whether or not this saint had been a native of Ireland or of Scot-
Ce? itury. '\
land seems to be unknown. The name is
the eleventh century, and he was the last known Gaelic or Culdee Bishop of St.
'5 The accompanying engraving, drawn on the spot by William F. Wakeman, and afterwards transferred to the wood-block, has been executed by George A. Hanlon. It gives a faithful representation of this ruin.
3° In the year 1821, Dr. Petrie visited Aran, and left several interesting notes on it, some of which have been printed in Miss Stokes' work, as also in Dr. William Stokes' elegant biography, "The Life and Labours in Art and Archajology of George Petrie, LL. D. , M. R. I. A. ," chap, ii. , pp. 48 to 64.
3» Near Tempul Mac Duach, Dr. Petrie tells us, that Mr. O'Flaherty, living on the Isle of Aran, discovered nine or ten sub-
terranean cells of an oblong quadrangular form, connected with each other by a passage. Some stones, with apparently curious monu- mental inscriptions, were then turned up, nearer the church.
**
The Aran Isles ; or, a Report of the Excursion of the Ethnological Section of the British Associa- tion from Dublin to the Western Islands of
in —
Aran, September, 1857," p. 35.
certainly
Irish. ^ He flourished in
3' See Martin Ilaverty's
^ so called Several persons
Article hi.
are found noticed in our Annals. Among the rest, Fothadh, son of Bran, Scribe and Bishop of Insi-Alban, or the Isles of Scot- land, died A. D. 961. See Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters," vol. ii. , pp. 682, 683, and n. (m).
February 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 273
Andrews. * Hisfeasthasbeenassigned,tothisday,byCamerarius,3andby
other writers. The BoUandists have notices of him, among the saints passed
over and referred to other days, at the 3rd of February. '^ They intended,
however, to state something, in addition, regarding him, when they had obtained morerehableparticulars-^ Fothadhissaidtohavehadgreatauthorityinhis
time, on account of the universal opinion entertained, regarding his sanctity. ^ Again, he is related to have been the chief among the Scottish bishops, and a man distinguished for his meekness and virtue. When a great civil war arose, between Malcolm 11. ,7 King of Scotland, and Grimus, or Graeme, feeling excessively the danger of discord and bloodshed, the Christian and patriotic bishop arrayed himself in pontificals,^ and, it is said, he sought an interviewwithGrimus. 9 Thebishopexplained,whyhecamehabitedmthe robes of peace, and after an earnest address, in which he set forth all the probable evils likely to result from domestic strife, Grimus expressed himself satisfied to reHnquish the sword, if Malcolm could be induced to meet him in an equally pacific spirit. Then, the holy bishop went immediately to Sterling,'° in the same pontifical dress, and he was admitted to the king's presence, where he pleaded eloquently, for the estabUshment of peace. Malcolm was induced to listen with attention to his arguments. " A truce for three months was resolved on, and finally both yielded assent, towards the conclusion of a treaty, which should settle all matters in controversy. After certain conditions had been proposed, discussed, and accepted, on both sides," the rival princes took an oath, placing their hands on the Book of Gospels, and the agreement was proclaimed, by the voice of a herald. This eventwasacauseofgreatjoy,totheadherentsofbothchiefs. ^3 MalcolmII.
' **
See E. William Robinson's Scotland he completed A. D. 1034. See Sir Harris
under her early Kings, a History of the Kingdom to tlie close of the Thirteenth
Century," vol. i. , chap, vii. , p. 174.
3 See Scottish entries, in the Kalendar of
David Camerarius, p. 234. Bishop Forbes'
*'
**
Kalendars of Scottish Saints. " Likewise,
" De Statu Hominis, veteris simul ac novae "
Her winding river lay. "
—'* Lord of the Isles," canto vi. , sec. xix.
Ecclesiae, et Infidelium Conversione, i. , cap. iii. , sect. 2, p. 141.
lib.
Feb-
* See "Acta ruariiiii. ,p. 321. Newedition.
^"^ Grimus consented to remain in forthetime,whileMalcolmremainedinhis Cumbrian kingdom.
"
Columkille. "
Sanctorum,"
tomus
i. ,
Angus
5 See ibid.
* *' **
See George Buchannan, Rerum See- ticarum Historia," lib. vi. , p. 182.
7 The derivation of his name. Latinized,
Milcolumbus, is from the Gaelic words,
Mael, i. e. y "servant," and Colum, i. e. ,
These were, that Grimus, so long as he lived, should have the title of king in Scot- land, and after his death, that title should revert to Malcolm, while, the law of Ken- neth, establishing the kingdom for the chil- dren of the kings, should for the future pre- vail. A boundary line was drawn between
* Now, A. D.
Emperor, these were ejected, and the canons
were restored to it. Jean Jaques Chifflet •'
Vensontionis," pars ii. , cap. 48.
^9 He was Archbishop of Besanfon.
that of Salins. Saussay, Ferrarius and Mo- lanus, with many other authorities, seem to
agree on this point. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," Februarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo et Confessore. Ex di- versis, p. 243 and nn. 4, 5.
3S According to Robert Claude, in his
Catalogue of the Bishops of Besanjon. See the Bollandists' "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Februarii iii. Commentarius Prsevius, sect, i. , num. 4, p. 356. Old edition.
36 Qne of these, and the principal, had been dedicated to St. Anatolius, the second to St. Maurice, and the third to St. Michael.
^^ See " Gain- Sausay Martyrologium
canum," at the 3rd of February,
3^ Their titulars were St. Anatolius, St.
nineteenth year of Pope St. Leo I. , Eu- Maurice, St. John the Baptist, and the
genius II. , reigning over the Scots. Again, he adds, this holy man's relics were trans- lated to Salins, Pope Leo VIII. in St.
Blessed Virgin Mary.
39 it was called Blin ; Bd^ signifying
"rock," and /«« "top," because it was on the very top of a rocky mountain. See M. Bullet's "Memoiressur la LangueCeltique," tome i. Premiere partie. Description Ety- mologique des Gaules, p. 184.
^o Qiiberjus Cognatus "In Descriptione
Peter's Chair, and Indulph reigning in Scot- "
land. See Historia Ecclcsiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. i. , sect. 43, p. 33"
3' See the Bollandists' "Acta Sancto-
" Rebus Sequanicis," lib. ii. , cap. 24, have
rum," tomus i. , Februarii iii. tarius Praevius, sect, i. , p. 356.
Commen-
Burgundise," and Ludovicus Gollutius,
De
33 See at that gundici. "
date,
" Fasti
et Bur-
treated about this saint and his
3* Thus is his Natalis entered, in the Mar- tyrology of the Church of Besanjon, and in
tory of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect« vii. , p. 363.
Belgici
place,
See Dr. Lanigan's Ecclesiastical His*
»"
in the eleventh century,
February 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS 269
not be possible, on account of their number, to treat about the miracles of St.
Anatolius,inacompendiousway. Thefollowingmiracles,however,arevery remarkable. Asifincruelmockeryofhishaplesscondition,theson—called in Latin Omatus—of a rustic, named Peter, had been deprived of the use of his limbs, and almost of his senses. This poor youth lived in a place, called CrementisorCremensis,abouteightmilesdistantfromSalins. Thiscripple, Ornatus, was brought to the tomb of St. Anatolius, and placed in the porch or hall of his church, before the doors. Through the holy confessor's merits, that forlorn youth recovered the exercise of his limbs and he was restored to other lost faculties. A very poor woman, from the same part of the country, hadherlimbsverymuchdistortedandpowerless; while,herveryappear- ance was an object of horror to all beholders. She, too, was conducted before the altar, in the church of Anatolius and, there with loud invoca-
Suddenly, vigour seemed returning to her wasted limbs, and beauty to her figureandfeatures; while,withouttheslightesthumanassistance,shearose andwalked. Tearsofjoysucceededtotheemotionsofpityforhersadcase; while, praising God and His holy servant, for the mercy shown that poor woman, the people present struck their breasts, in token of their gratitude and admiration. After the saint's body had been interred, his arm seems to have been preserved, in a separate shrine. The city of Salins took fire, at one time, and it appears the walls and houses had been constructed of very inflammable materials. ^^ One house taking fire threatened destruction to all the rest. Despairing of human assistance, the townspeople brought forth the arm of Anatolius, and placed it before the spreading flames. Wonderful instance of the outstretched arm of God, enduring in mercy,43 and concurring withthatofhisholyservant! Instantly,thecc)nflagrationceased; and,as he had relieved so many from disease and suffering, so did the Blessed Anatolius save his devout clients and their city, from the ravages of fire. -** Like those large rivers, that run continuously, and irrigate various lands, through which they flow, spreading fertility along their course, their sources beingoccultandunknown; so,thissaint'smiraclesandmerits,inlaterages, have been productive of various benefits to his intercessors, although his life and acts be clouded in much obscurity, and comparatively veiled from notice, owing to the wreck of ancient records.
Article II. —Feast of St. Colman Mac Duach, Bishop and Patron
OF KiLMACDUAGH DiocESE. \Seventh Cejitury. '] The Acts of this holy
bishop have been given by Colgan, at the 3rd day of February,^ although his chieffestivalappearstohavebeenkept,onthe29thofOctober. ^ Forthis
;
tions—those hearing her being moved to tears—she called for his help.
4= Gilbertus Cognatus writes, that the chief
and finest houses were lofty, but the walls
were slight, being held together with inter- laced beams, and filled in with gypsum or a sort of plaster. The poorer houses were also skimmed over, with the latter material. See ''Descriptio Burgundiae. "
43 Psalms cxxxv. , 12.
vulgo Macduach, ex diversis, pp. 244 to
44 See the BoUandists' "Acta Sanctorum,"
tomus i. , Februarii iii. De S. Anatolio of the family, when this work was com-
Episcopo Salinis in Burgundia. Vitaauctore
anonymo. , sect. 7, 8, p. 359.
Article ii. —^ See "Acta Sanctorum
Hibernioe," Februarii iii. De S. Colmano,
piled, and whose testimony, the O'Clerys intimate was the more worthy of credit. because St. Colman Mac Duach had been the patron saint of his tribe, and belong-
248, including an appendix in two chapters, ^""
The MartyrologyofDonegal states: *' Ua Sechnasaigh says, that the festival of Mac Duach is on the 27th of October, for
he was his own patron and his relative. " See Drs. Todd and Reeves' edition, pp. 38, 39. In a note Dr. Todd adds, that this was probably the O'Shaughnessy, or head
270 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February 3.
date, we reserve his memoirs ; however, it may be necessary to premise a few observations here, as some of our Calendarists have assigned him a feast, at the 3rd of February. The " FeiHre " of St. ^ngiis has no notice of the saint, at the present date ; and, yet, the mere name, Colman Mac Duach, occurs in the Martyrology of Tallagh, on this day. 3 Hence, we are to understand, that to his original name, Colman, had been added that of his father, to distinguish him from so many other saints so called. This holy manwasthesonofDuach. 4 HesprungfromtheraceofFiachra,sonto Eochaidh Muidhmheadhoin. According to the Martyrology of Donegal,s at this day was venerated Colman, Bishop, i. e. , Mac Duach, of Cill Mic Duach, in Connacht. Sir Harris Nicholas^ fixes the 3rd of February, like- wise, for the feast of St. Colman. 7 It has been asserted, that Corker^ is the exact spot, where St. Colman first saw the light f but, the only reason for this statement seems based on the facts, that there is at the place, a holy
well, called Tubbermacduagh,^° yet frequented by inhabitants of the sur- rounding districts, and, at some distance from it, the wall of an old church,
abouttwentyfeetinlength,isstillstanding. " Thewellistraditionallysaid to have furnished him with water. There is nothing very remarkable in the
scenery surrounding Corker ;" but, the mountains of Burren, in the county of Clare, are not very distant,^3 and these have a stern, bleak appearance. This saint was greatly renowned for his virtues and miracles. ^^ He lived as a recluse, before the year 620,^5 in the Burren mountains. '^ The place of
his cell, in a wild rocky valley, is yet pointed out. At the hermitage can be seen the spring, which furnished St. Colman with water. The saint's bed, a
recess in a rock, resembling that of St. Kevin, at Glendalough, is only a few yardsdistantfromtheoratory,aportionofwhichisstillstanding. Helived,
for a time, in Aran Mor ; yet, the period is not exactly known. '7 Afterwards, St. Colman removed to Kilmacduagh, where he built a church and monas- tery. He died, it is said, in a. d. 632. '^ In place of St. Colman's old church has been erected one of most beautiful design. The peasantry call it Team-
ing to the race. See Genealogical Table a severe winter; but, young shoots have
in O'Donovan's "Tribes and Customs of Hy Fiachrach. "
3 See Rev. Dr. Kelly's edition, p. xiv.
*• " He was of the same family as —Guaire
Aidhne, King of Connaught. " Miss
since grown to supply tlieir place. It is said, the perpetrator of this desecration bore after- wards on his features evident marks of God's displeasure.
"These lie near the road from Gort to
Galway.
" Tullyra [House is near Tubbermac-
duagh.
*3 See "Notes on the Life of St. Colman,"
Stokes'
'*
Notes on Irish Architecture," vol.
i. , part ii. , sect, i. , p. 77.
5 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
38, 39. In a note here appended, WilUam
M. Hennessy writes, in his own copy of it,
by the Rev. Mr. Spellacy, chap, ii. , p. 10.
•' son of Duach Conall Dathi. H. i, 10, 124, b. "
'
Eoch. uile.
' See " of edited Martyrology Donegal,"
See "Chronology of History," p. 141. 7 He says, there were nine saints of the name. He might have stated, there were
over one hundred.
^Probably the townland so named in the
parish and barony of Kiltartan, as marked on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps
for the County of Galway. " Sheets 113, 114,122,123.
9 The people about here are remarkable
for their virtuous dispositions and simplicity of habits.
"Beautiful old hawthorn bushes grew around this well. These were cut down several years ago, to furnish firewood, during
by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 38, 39.
'S gee Miss Stokes' "Notes on Irish
Irish Architecture," vol. i. , part ii,, sect, i. , p. 77.
Cromwell's are
troopers that there was not on them enough of water to drown a man, enough of earth to bury a man, nor enough
Eoghan
^'^ Weare
told, reported to have said,
"
"
'7 See Miss Stokes' "Notes on Irish
Architecture," vol. i. , part ii. , sect, i. , p. 77.
'» See the Rev.
Courtenay Moore's "Chronicles of S. Colman, and of St. Colman's Farahy, Diocese of Cloyne," p. 6. Cork : 1872. i2mo.
of wood to hang a man.
February 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 271
poulMuinterHeine—theChurchoftheClanO'Heine. Thesanctuaryis built of marble. A round tower, near it, and said to have been constructed by the celebrated architect, the Gobain Saor, is a most interesting relic of antiquity. It is yet in a good state of preservation. The style of the church is Norman'9—as vulgarly supposed—and it differs most strikingly from the ruins, with their square-headed door-ways, which are found in the neighbouring districts. ''° The church architecture has been described
by
diocese, of which this saint became patron, was called after the church, which
he had there founded. However, his own proper name does not occur in
this compound denomination. Many miracles are attributed to this saint.
A Novena in his honour, to be begun on the 25th January or 20th October,
has been recited frequently, in the diocese of Kilmacduagh. The place,
where St. Colman's little oratory stood, and where the cave in which he
slept and two altars may be seen, is still visited by pilgrims, on the saint's
day, February 3rd. =^^ After death, this holy bishop's memory had been held
in special veneration, especially along the western shores, and in the Islands
ofGalway. Thechurch,calledTempull-mic-Duach,ortheC—hurchofSt.
MacDuagh,alsocalledColmanus,andsurnamedMacDuagh wasahand-
somechurch,ontheIsleofAran. =3 ithadbeendedicatedtothatsaint,
according to Archbishop Malachy Keely's list. =4 No further record of it,
however, appears to have been preserved ; although, it is the most curious
churchtobeseeninAran. Itiscomposedofnaveandchancel. Thenave
andchancelwallshavebeenaddedto,andraisedseveralfeet; but,these
additions give a very ugly character, to this most striking old church. ^s The
ruins of TeampuU Mic Duach Church, on Aran Mor,'^^ stand in the rich
plainofPortMurvey. '^^ Theseareyetinfinepreservation,andpresenta
beautiful specimen of the Cyclopean masonry, which prevailed in the sixth
''^ Some of the stones measure ten in are
century. feet, length ; while, many about one foot eight inches, in thickness. A small, narrow door-way, which
is shaped like the entrance to an Egyptian tomb, has been noted, as a re-
*5 In anothei- place, we purpose showing, that the types of church, often supposed to have been Saxon or Norman in design, were
are given ; together, with a fine photograph representing an exterior view of the church, as also a second interior view, representing
distinctively Irish. Indeed, the early Chris- the primitive doorway and its adjoining tian churches of Scotland, and especially of walls. See vol. i. , part ii. , sect, i. , pp. 75
Northumbria, had been constructed very generally, by Irish ecclesiastics, and after a fashion then prevailing in Ireland.
'" See Rev, Mr. Spellacy's "Notes on
the Life of St. Colman," cap. vi. , pp. 22,
to 77.
^^
This is the largest of the group of islands, often called South Arran, to distin- guish them from Arran or Arranmore Is- lands, off the county of Donegal coast. The former lie across the mouth of Galway Bay, in the direction of east-south-east, and west- north-west. They form a chain, about 12 miles long, but in no part are they more
"
=7 This denomination—like many another one well known to the inhabitants of its
23.
'* "
See Ecclesiastical Architecture and
Round Towers of Ireland," part ii. , sect.
iii. , subs. I, pp. 175, 176, subs. 3, pp. 385,
404, 405.
"See Miss Stokes' "Notes on Irish
Architecture," vol. i. , part ii. , sect, i. , p. 77.
than 2 miles broad. See Gazetteer of Ireland," vol. i. , p. 85.
** Acta Sanctorum Hiber- niae," xxi. Martii. Appendix ad Acta S.
Endaei, cap. vii. , p. 715.
^^ See * ' The Irish Ecclesiastical Record,"
vol. vii. A visit to the Aran-More of St.
Enda, part ii. , p. 114.
^5 In Miss Stokes' Notes on Irish
Architecture," the most minute and accurate measurements of the various church details
—is not on the Ordnance
The group of Arran Islands forms a sea-girt
'3 See
Colgan's
place
Survey Maps,
**
Ordnance Sur- vey Townland Maps for the County of Gal-
barony as exhibited on the
way. " Sheets no, in, 119, 120.
'^
antiquity have been discovered. See Miss Stokes' "Notes on Irish Architecture," vol. i. , part ii. , sect, i. , pp. 76, 77.
Dr. Petrie. '^ The
Near it, several interesting objects of
**
Parliamentary
SJ2 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February 3.
markable feature of the building. ='9 In this church are windows of extreme antiquity, having lintels formed of two leaning stones. 3° A beautiful semi- circular eastern Avindow appears to be of more recent date. There is a
>»i. ->NK*3iiv^'^"'
Temple Mac Duach, Aran Mor.
Stone, leanmg against the east gable. It has a rudely cut opening, which seems to have been the head of a more ancient window. 3^ Near this church, there is a holy well, with several antiquarian remains. s^ For an archaeolo- gist, the old edifice and its surrounding are interesting objects for study.
ArticleIII. —St. FothadhII. ,ArchbishopofScotland. [Elevefitk
Whether or not this saint had been a native of Ireland or of Scot-
Ce? itury. '\
land seems to be unknown. The name is
the eleventh century, and he was the last known Gaelic or Culdee Bishop of St.
'5 The accompanying engraving, drawn on the spot by William F. Wakeman, and afterwards transferred to the wood-block, has been executed by George A. Hanlon. It gives a faithful representation of this ruin.
3° In the year 1821, Dr. Petrie visited Aran, and left several interesting notes on it, some of which have been printed in Miss Stokes' work, as also in Dr. William Stokes' elegant biography, "The Life and Labours in Art and Archajology of George Petrie, LL. D. , M. R. I. A. ," chap, ii. , pp. 48 to 64.
3» Near Tempul Mac Duach, Dr. Petrie tells us, that Mr. O'Flaherty, living on the Isle of Aran, discovered nine or ten sub-
terranean cells of an oblong quadrangular form, connected with each other by a passage. Some stones, with apparently curious monu- mental inscriptions, were then turned up, nearer the church.
**
The Aran Isles ; or, a Report of the Excursion of the Ethnological Section of the British Associa- tion from Dublin to the Western Islands of
in —
Aran, September, 1857," p. 35.
certainly
Irish. ^ He flourished in
3' See Martin Ilaverty's
^ so called Several persons
Article hi.
are found noticed in our Annals. Among the rest, Fothadh, son of Bran, Scribe and Bishop of Insi-Alban, or the Isles of Scot- land, died A. D. 961. See Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters," vol. ii. , pp. 682, 683, and n. (m).
February 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 273
Andrews. * Hisfeasthasbeenassigned,tothisday,byCamerarius,3andby
other writers. The BoUandists have notices of him, among the saints passed
over and referred to other days, at the 3rd of February. '^ They intended,
however, to state something, in addition, regarding him, when they had obtained morerehableparticulars-^ Fothadhissaidtohavehadgreatauthorityinhis
time, on account of the universal opinion entertained, regarding his sanctity. ^ Again, he is related to have been the chief among the Scottish bishops, and a man distinguished for his meekness and virtue. When a great civil war arose, between Malcolm 11. ,7 King of Scotland, and Grimus, or Graeme, feeling excessively the danger of discord and bloodshed, the Christian and patriotic bishop arrayed himself in pontificals,^ and, it is said, he sought an interviewwithGrimus. 9 Thebishopexplained,whyhecamehabitedmthe robes of peace, and after an earnest address, in which he set forth all the probable evils likely to result from domestic strife, Grimus expressed himself satisfied to reHnquish the sword, if Malcolm could be induced to meet him in an equally pacific spirit. Then, the holy bishop went immediately to Sterling,'° in the same pontifical dress, and he was admitted to the king's presence, where he pleaded eloquently, for the estabUshment of peace. Malcolm was induced to listen with attention to his arguments. " A truce for three months was resolved on, and finally both yielded assent, towards the conclusion of a treaty, which should settle all matters in controversy. After certain conditions had been proposed, discussed, and accepted, on both sides," the rival princes took an oath, placing their hands on the Book of Gospels, and the agreement was proclaimed, by the voice of a herald. This eventwasacauseofgreatjoy,totheadherentsofbothchiefs. ^3 MalcolmII.
' **
See E. William Robinson's Scotland he completed A. D. 1034. See Sir Harris
under her early Kings, a History of the Kingdom to tlie close of the Thirteenth
Century," vol. i. , chap, vii. , p. 174.
3 See Scottish entries, in the Kalendar of
David Camerarius, p. 234. Bishop Forbes'
*'
**
Kalendars of Scottish Saints. " Likewise,
" De Statu Hominis, veteris simul ac novae "
Her winding river lay. "
—'* Lord of the Isles," canto vi. , sec. xix.
Ecclesiae, et Infidelium Conversione, i. , cap. iii. , sect. 2, p. 141.
lib.
Feb-
* See "Acta ruariiiii. ,p. 321. Newedition.
^"^ Grimus consented to remain in forthetime,whileMalcolmremainedinhis Cumbrian kingdom.
"
Columkille. "
Sanctorum,"
tomus
i. ,
Angus
5 See ibid.
* *' **
See George Buchannan, Rerum See- ticarum Historia," lib. vi. , p. 182.
7 The derivation of his name. Latinized,
Milcolumbus, is from the Gaelic words,
Mael, i. e. y "servant," and Colum, i. e. ,
These were, that Grimus, so long as he lived, should have the title of king in Scot- land, and after his death, that title should revert to Malcolm, while, the law of Ken- neth, establishing the kingdom for the chil- dren of the kings, should for the future pre- vail. A boundary line was drawn between
* Now, A. D.
