No More Learning

His works include: Poems) (1841); (Para-
scha) (1843); Improvidence) (1843); Andrei
Kolosov) (1844); Andrei? (1845), a volume
of poems; “The Conversation (1845); (The
Landlord '(1846); (Three Portraits) (1846);
(Khor and Kalinych) (1847); “The Bully'(1847);
(Dimitri Rudin) (1852); “Two Friends' (1853);
(Quiet Life) (1854); “Rudin) (1856); (Faust)
(1856); (Asja' (1858); (A Nest of Noblemen
(1859), also translated as "Lisa'; (First Love)
(1860); “Hamlet and Don Quixote (1800); On
the Eve' (1862); Fathers and Sons) (1862);
(Visions) (1863); (The Dog) (1863? ); "Story
of Lieutenant Jergunov) (1864); (The Brig-
adier) (1866); (Smoke) (1867); (An Unfortu.
nate) (1868); (A Strange Tale) (1869); (A King
Lear of the Steppe) (1870); (Knock! Knock!
Knock! ' (1870); Pegasus (1871); 'Chertopcha-
nov's End' (1872); (Punin and Baburin' (1874);
(The Living Skeleton (1875); (The Watch)
(1875); (Some One Knocks) (1875); "The
Dream) (1876); New) (1877), also translated
as (Virgin Soil';'Father Alexei's Story) (1877);
(Song of Triumphant Love' (1881); (The Old
Portraits) (1882); (The Despairing One' (1882);
(Poems in Prose' (1882); Klara Milich' (1883);
(The Conflagration at Sea? (1883). *
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron de
l'Aulne (tör-go'). An eminent French polit.
ical economist and statesman; born at Paris,
May 10, 1727; died there, March 8, 1781. He
was minister of finance under Louis XVI. In
political economy he was one of the chief rep-
resentatives of the Physiocrat school (see Ques-
nay). It was he who said of Franklin in a
Latin hexameter), he wrested the lightning
from the sky and the sceptre from tyrants. ”
Turnbull, Robert. A Scottish-American Bap-
tist pastor, editor, and author; born in Scot-
land, Sept. 10, 1809; came to the United States
in 1833; died Nov. 20, 1877, in Hartford, Conn. ,
where he was many years a pastor. He was
editor of the Christian Review for two years.
Among his many books are: (The Theatre
(1840); (Olympia Morata) (1842); (The Genius
of Scotland) (1847); (The Genius of Italy)
(1849); (Theophany' (1851); Pulpit Orators


## p. 535 (#551) ############################################

TURNER- TYNDALL
535
of France and Switzerland) (1853); (The Stu-
dent Preacher) (1854); (The World We Live
In) (1855); (Christ in History) (1856); "Life
Pictures; or, Sketches from a Pastor's Note-
Book) (1857).
Turner, Charles Tennyson. An English
poet, brother of Alfred Tennyson; born at Som-
ersby, Lincolnshire, July 4, 1808 ; died at Chel-
tenham, April 25, 1879. He assumed the name
of Turner (1835) by royal license, having in-
herited some property from his great-uncle,
Rev. Samuel Turner. Besides (Poems of Two
Brothers,' written in collaboration with Alfred,
he wrote: (Sonnets and Fugitive Pieces) (1830);
(Sonnets) (1864); "Small Tableaux) (1868);
(Sonnets, Lyrics, and Translations) (1873);
(Collected Sonnets, Old and New) (1880). *
Turner, Sharon. An English historian; born
at London, Sept. 24, 1768; died there, Feb. 13,
1847. He wrote: “History of the Anglo-Saxons)
(4 vols. , 1799-1805; 7th ed. , 3 vols. , 1852); (His-
tory of England during the Middle Ages) (3
vols. , 1814-23; 7th ed. , 4 vols. , 1853); Modern
History of England,' comprising (The Reign
of Henry VIII. (1826) and (The Reigns of
Edward VI. , Mary, and Elizabeth) (1829); “Sa-
cred History of the World) (3 vols. , 1832); and
a volume of miscellaneous essays, poems, etc.
Tusser, Thomas. An English poet; born at
Rivenhall, Essex, about 1515; died in London,
about April 1580. He was the author of Five
Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, United
to as many of Good Housewifery,' etc. (1573),
in verse, with metrical autobiography; chiefly
valuable for its picture of the manners and
domestic life of the English farmer.
Tuttiett, Mary G. (tut'i-et). [“Maxwell
Grey. )) An English novelist; born in the
Isle of Wight, 18. -, and resides there. She has
written: "The Broken Tryst) (1879); (The
Silence of Dean Maitland) (1886); (The Re-
proach of Annesley) (1889).
Twain, Mark. See Clemens.
Twesten, Karl (tves'ten). A German mis-
cellaneous writer; born at Kiel; died at Ber-
lin, Oct. 14, 1870. He wrote: (Schiller in his
Relation to Science) (1863); Machiavelli?
(1868); (The Religious, Political, and Social
Ideas of the Civilized Peoples of Asia and
Egypt) (2 vols. , 1872).
Twichell, Joseph Hopkins. An American
Congregational clergyman, and writer of bio.
graphy; born in Connecticut, 183–. He has
published Life of John Winthrop); and ed-
ited (Some Old Puritan Love Letters.
Twiss, Sir Travers. A celebrated English
writer and authority on international law ; born
1809; died 189-. He resigned all his important
offices in 1872. He published: (View of the
Progress of Political Economy since the 16th
Century) (1847); Lectures on International
Law) (1856); (The Law of Nations) (1861);
(Law of Nations in Times of War' (1863);
( Monumenta Juridica) (1871-76); “Belligerent
Right on the High Seas) (1884).
Tycho Brahe (ti'ko brä'ę). An illustrious
Danish astronomer; born at Knudstrup, Dec.
24, 1546; died at Prague, Oct. 24, 1601. In
(On the New Star) (1573) he treats of the
star discovered by him in Cassiopeia. His other
writings, most of which were published post-
humously, include : (Astronomical Works);-Me-
chanical Astronomy); (Astronomical Letters. '
Tychsen, Olaus Gerhard (tich'sen). A Ger-
man Orientalist; born at Tondern, Dec. 14,
1734; died at Rostock, Dec. 30, 1815. His
greatest work is (Leisure Hours at Bützow)
(6 vols. , 1766-69), a valuable repertory of Jew-
ish history and erudition. He also wrote:
(Elements of Arabic) (1792); Elements of
Syriac) (1793); (Syriac Natural Science) (1795).
Tychsen, Thomas Christian. A German
Orientalist ; born at Horsbyll, Silesia, May 8,
1758; died Oct. 23, 1834, at Göttingen, where
he was professor of theology. He wrote:
(Principles of Hebrew Archæology) (1789);
(Grammar of Literary Arabic) (1823); and
several essays on Numismatics,' (Palæogra-
phy,' (The Poetry of the Arabs, etc.
Tyler, Moses Coit. An American educator
and author; born in Griswold, Conn. , Aug. 2,
1835. He graduated at Yale in 1857; and was
pastor of a Congregational church 1860-62.
From 1867 to 1881 he was professor in the
University of Michigan; and since then has
been professor of American history in Cornell
University. He has published: (Brawnville
Papers) (1868); (History of American Litera-
ture) (1878); (Manual of English Literature
(1879); "Life of Patrick Henry) (1887); Lit.
erary History of the American Revolution,
1763-83' (2 vols. , 1887); (Three Men of Let-
ters) (1895).
Tyler, Royall. An American jurist and au.
thor; born in Boston, 1757 ; died in Brattle-
boro, Vt. , Aug. 16, 1826. In 1794 he was judge
of the Supreme Court of Vermont, and in 1800
Chief Justice. He wrote the first American
play to be acted by regular comedians: “The
Contrast,' produced in 1786 at New York.
He also wrote: (May-Day: A Comedy' (1787);
(The Georgia Spec. ; or, Land in the Moon
(1797); “The Algerine Captive) (1799); Moral
Tales for American Youths); (The Yankee
in London); and contributed many sketches,
verses, and essays to various journals and mag-
azines.
Tylor, Edward Burnett. An English writer
on the early history of civilization; born at
Camberwell, Oct. 2, 1832. He wrote: Ana-
huac; or, Mexico and the Mexicans) ( 1861 );
Early History of Mankind and of Civilization)
(1865; 3d ed. 1878); Primitive Culture : Re-
searches into the Development of Mythology,
Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom (1871;
3d ed. 1891); (Anthropology (1881).
Tyndall, John. A British physicist and
writer on science; born at Leighlin Bridge, near
Ca w, Ireland, Aug. 21, 1820; died at Hasle.
mere, Surrey, England, Dec. 4, 1893. He studied


## p. 536 (#552) ############################################

536
TYNG-L'BICINI
(
in Germany; in 1850 he published in the Philo-
sophical Magazine Discoveries in Magnetism.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society
in 1852; professor of natural philosophy at the
Royal Institution in 1853, and in 1867 its super-
intendent. He was the first to climb the Weiss-
horn, and subsequently reached the summit of
the Matterhorn; and published: (Philosophical
Transactions in Glaciers of the Alps) (1860);
Mountaineering in 1861) (1862); and Hours
of Exercise in the Alps) (1871). Heat Con-
sidered as a Mode of Motion appeared in
1863; Dust and Disease, 1870. In 1872
he lectured in the United States : the profits
he devoted as a fund. (in aid of students
who devote themselves to original research. ”
Besides the works mentioned, he published :
(Sound: A Course of Eight Lectures) (2d ed.
1875); (Faraday as a Discoverer) (1868); “Nine
Lectures on Light (1870); Essays on the
Use and Limit of the Imagination in Science)
(1871); (The Forms of Water in Clouds and
Rivers, Ice and Glaciers) (1872); Essays on
the Floating Matter of the Air) (1881); and
New Fragments) (1892); besides many others.
He received honorary degrees from the Univer.
sities of Cambridge and Edinburgh, and was
made D. C. L. by Oxford. *
Tyng, Stephen Higginson. A prominent
American clergyman, long rector of St. George's
Church, New York; born in Newburyport,
Mass. , March 1, 1800; died in Irvington, N. Y. ,
Sept. 4, 1885. For several years he edited the
Episcopal Recorder, the Protestant Church-
man, etc. , and he published in book form many
volumes; among them : Lectures on the Law
and Gospel (1832 ); Sermons) (1839-52 );
(Recollections of England (1847); “The Israel
of God' (1854); (Christ Is All (1852); “The
Rich Kinsman) (1856); Forty Years' Experi-
ence in Sunday Schools) (1860); 'The Prayer
Book) (1863-67).
Tyrtæus (tir-tē'us). A Greek lyric poet;
he flourished at the time of the second Messe-
nian war in the latter half of the seventh cen-
tury B. C. Fragments only of his poems have
been preserved. *
Tyrwhitt, Thomas (ter'it). An English
classical scholar and writer; born in London,
March 29, 1730; died there, Aug. 15, 1786.
Among his works are : "Observations on Some
Passages of Shakespeare (1760); a celebrated
edition of Chaucer (1773); editions of Isæus's
(Orphical and Aristotle's Poetics); critical
dissertations on Babrius, Euripides, Aristoph-
anes, and Strabo. He was the original editor
of Rowley's Poems, for which he furnished
a preface and glossary, and subsequently added
an appendix to prove that they were written
by Chatterton.
Tytler, Alexander Fraser, Lord Wood-
houselee. A Scottish historical writer; born
in Edinburgh, Oct. 15, 1747 ; died there Jan. 5.
1813. He wrote, besides many other works,
“Essay on the Principles of Translation (1791-
1813); (The Elements of General History,
Ancient and Modern) (1801), which was long
an authoritative text-book; Life of Lord
Kames) (1807); and Life of Petrarch (1810).
Tytler, Patrick Fraser. A Scottish histo-
rian and biographer, son of Alexander F. ; born
in Edinburgh, Aug. 30, 1791 ; died at Great
Malvern, England, Dec. 24. 1849. His prin-
cipal works were : Lives of James Crichton
of Cluny, commonly called “The Admirable
Crichton” (1819), Sir Thomas Craig of Ric-
carton (1823), and John Wicklyff (1826); "Scot-
tish Worthies) (1832-33); (Sir Walter Raleigh
(1833); (An Historical View of the Progress of
Discovery on the Northern Coasts of America,
etc. (1832); (History of Scotland from 1149 to
the Union of the Crowns in 1613' (9 vols. ,
1828-43; 5th ed. 1866).
Tzetzes, Joannes (tzet'zes). A Greek gram-
marian and poet; born about 1110; died about
1180. Among his works are: (The Book of
Histories, a philosophico-historical didactic
poem; (Iliacs, a poem in continuation of
Homer's Iliad ; and several other poetical com-
positions.
Tzschirner, Heinrich Gottlieb (chēr'ner).
A German theological writer; born at Witt-
weida in Saxony, Nov. 14, 1778; died February
1828, at Leipsic, where he was professor of the.
ology. He wrote: (Protestantism and Cathol.
icism from the Standpoint of Politics (4th ed.
1824); (The Fall of Gentilism' (1829); and a
continuation of Schröckh's Church History
U
Ubaldini, Petruccio (ö-bäl-dē'nē). An Ital.
ian historian; born at Florence, about 1524;
died at London, about 1600. He wrote : "Life
of Charlemagne (1581); “Description of Scot-
land and its Isles) (1588); "Lives of Illustrious
Ladies of England and Scotland (1591); Pre-
cepts, Moral, Political, and Economic) (1592).
Uberti, Fazio (or Bonifacio) degli (ö-băr'tē).
An Italian poet; born in Florence; died about
1367. He was a grandson of Uberti, one of
the Florentine leaders of the Ghibelline faction,
and was driven into exile by the Guelphs. He
wrote an unfinished descriptive poem called
(The News of the World, which was quite
celebrated.
Ubicini, Jean Henri Abdolonyme (ü-bē.
sē-nē'). A French publicist; born at Issou-
dun, 1818; died at Vernon-sur-Brenne, Oct. 27,
1884. He wrote: (Memoirs Justifying the Rou-
manian Revolution) (1849); (The Eastern


## p. 537 (#553) ############################################

UCHARD- UJESKI
537
Question Confronting Europe) (1854); "The
Serbs in Turkey) (1865); ' Eastern Rumelia since
the Treaty of Berlin) (1880); “Sources of Roman
History) (1886).
Uchard, Bernardin, Seigneur de Monspey
(ü-shär'). A French poet of the first half of
the 17th century. He is noted for two poems
written in Southern French patois : (The Groans
of the Poor Farm Laborer over the Dread He
Has of War) (1615), and “The Woman of Pied-
mont) (1619).
Uchard, Mario. A French playwright and
story-writer; born at Paris, Dec. 28, 1824; died
there, July 31, 1893. Among his dramatic com-
positions are: (The Husband's Return (1858);
(Second Youth) (1859); (A Burgomaster's Pros-
perity) (1864); (The Charmers) (1864). His
novels include : (Raymon) (1862); «Gertrude's
Marriage) (1862); (Countess Diana! (1864);
(A Last Passion) (1866); (My Uncle Barbas-
sou) (1876); (My Cousin Antoinette) (1891).
Uda, Felice (ö'dä). An Italian poet and
publicist, brother of Michele; born at Cagli.
ari in Sardinia, Feb. 25, 1832. He wrote:
(Wishes and Hopes) (1852), a volume of verses,
and Memories and Affections) (1862), both of
which were received with great favor; also
(Literary Sketches) (1863); a series of essays
on Leopardi and Poerio); (Dante and Mod-
ern Poetry); the comedies (The Heart and
the Age and (Every-Day Saints); and (Miguel
Cervantes,' a literary study (1873).
Uda, Michele. An Italian dramatist and
novelist ; born at Cagliari, 1830.
At 20 he joined
a band of strolling players, and wrote or
adapted comedies for them. Among his origi-
nal compositions are the comedies (The Wid-
ow's Suitors, played by Ristori with great
success, and Mask and Face); and the dra.
mas (In the Coffin) and “The Workingman
and his Family. His finest work is the brill-
iant comedy (The Renegados) (1858). Among
his novels are A Poor Devil,' and (From Herod
to Pilate. )
Udall, Nicholas (ū'dal). An English dra-
matist; born in Hampshire, in 1506; died in
1564. He was a Fellow of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, Oxford, and master of Eton. His school-
books were very popular; but he is chiefly re-
membered as the author of Ralph Royster
Doyster,' the first regular comedy in the Eng.
lish language, which was certainly in existence
as early as 1551. The best edition is one pre-
pared for the Shakspere Society, by William
Durrant Cooper (1847).
Ueberweg, Friedrich von (ü'ber-veg). A
German philosopher; born in Leichlingen, Jan.
22, 1626; died at Königsberg, June 9, 1871. His
chief works are: (Outline of the History of
Philosophy, published in many editions, the
first 1863-66; and (System of Logic and His-
tory of Logical Science. )
Uechtritz, Friedi (üch'trēts). A German
dramatist and novelist; born at Görlitz, Sept. 12,
1800; died there, Feb. 15, 1875. Among his
tragedies are: (Rome and Spartacus,' and
(Rome and Otto III. (1823); (Alexander and
Darius) (1827); “The Sword of Honor); Rosa-
mund' (1833). His dramatic poem “The Bab.
ylonians in Jerusalem (1836) is notable for
elevation of thought and lyric grandeur. Among
his novels are: (Albrecht Holm (5 vols. , 1851-
53); “The Bride's Brothers) (3 vols. , 1860); and
(Eleazar) (3 vols. , 1867), a story of the great
Jewish war.
Ughelli, Ferdinando (ö-gel'lē). An Italian
historian; born at Florence, 1595; died 1670.
Ile was a Cistercian monk and abbot. His
principal work is (Italia Sacra! (9 vols. ,
1642-48), an account of all the episcopal sees
of Italy, with lists of the bishops and a great
deal of general information regarding the his-
tory of Italy. He wrote also Christian Gaul)
(1656).
Ugoni, Camillo (ö-gõ'nē). An Italian his-
torian of literature; born at Brescia, 1784 ;
died there, 1855. He wrote (Italian Literature
in the Second Half of the 18th Century) (1856).
Uhland, Ludwig. A celebrated German
lyric poet ; born at Tübingen, April 26, 1787 ;
died Nov. 13, 1862. His ballads and songs
are classic; first collected in 1815, the both
edition (1875), posthumous, gathered the pieces
found among his papers. Besides these he
wrote two dramas: (Ernest, Duke of Suabia)
(1817), and "Ludwig the Bavarian (1819). In
prose he wrote: (The Old French Epos) (1812);
(Walther von der Vogelweide) (1822); «The
Myth of Thor, according to Norse Tradition'
(1836). He made a valuable collection of
(Ancient High and Low German Folk Songs
(1844-45). *
Uhlhorn, Gerhard (öl’hôrn). A German
theological writer; bori at Osnabrück, Feb. 17,
1826. Among his works are : (The Grounds
of Tertullian's Chronology) (1852); (The Basi-
lidian System (1855); “Christmas Customs and
Usages) (1869); “The Struggle of Christianity
with Heathenism' (1874); (Catholicism and
Protestantism in Face of the Social Problem
(1887); (The Church's Care of the Poor as
related to the Present Time) (1892).
Uhlich, Leberecht (ö'lich). A German church
reformer; born at Cöthen, Feb. 27, 1799; died
at Magdeburg, March 23, 1872. He founded
th independent ecclesiastical organization
styled “Free Parishes. Among his writings are :
(Christianity and Church' (2d ed. 1846); (The
Little Book of the Kingdom of God! (1845);
( Thrones in Heaven and on Earth (1845).
Ujeski, Corneli (ö-yes'ke). A Polish poet;
born in Galicia, 1823. After terminating his
studies in his native country, he went to Paris,
there devoting himself to the study of ancient
and modern literature. Most of his own poetry
is inspired by love of his country, whose mis-
fortunes he deplores. Among his works are :
(Lamentations of Jeremiah) (1847), considered
one of the masterpieces of Polish literature;


## p. 538 (#554) ############################################

538
UJFALVY – I'LRICI
(The Song of Solomon' (1840); "Odorless
Flowers) (1848); Marathon,' a poem; A Fear-
ful Night); etc. ; as well as collections of shorter
poems.
Ujfalvy, Karl Eugen von (ö-i-fal've), Mező-
Kövesd. An Austrian philologist and anthro-
pologist; born at Vienna, May 16, 1842. He is
author of: (French Scientific Expedition to Rus-
sia, Siberia, and Turkestan) (6 vols. , 1878-80);
(Researches in Biblical Ethnography (1872);
(Anthropological Results of a Visit to Central
Asia' (1880); "Parsees and Brahmins) (1887).
Ujfalvy, Maria, wife of Karl Eugen. She
wrote (From Paris to Samarcand) (1881), and
(Travels of a Parisian in the Western Hima-
layas.
Ukert, Friedrich August (ö’kart). A Ger.
man classical scholar; born at Eutin in Lubeck,
1780; died 1851. Among his writings are :
(How the Ancients Determined Distances)
(1813); "Homer's Geography) (1815); “Geogra-
phy of the Greeks and Romans) (3 vols. , 1816-
46); (Demons, Heroes, and Genii' (1850).
Ulbach, Louis (ül-bak'). A French poet and
political writer; born in Troyes (Aube) in 1822.
He became editor of the Revue de Paris in
1853. He published a volume of poems en-
titled "Gloriana) (1844); several tales; and po-
litical letters distinguished for their verve and
causticity.
Ule, Otto (oʻlė). A German writer on natural
science; born at Frankfort on the Oder, Jan. 22,
1820; died at Halle, Aug. 6, 1876. His principal
works are: (The Universe) (3 vols. , 3d ed.
1859); “Wonders of the Starry World (1861);
( Popular Natural Science) (1865–67); (The
Earth according to its Superficial Phenomena)
(1873-76).
Ulfilas, or Wulila (ul'fi-las). The Gothic
translator of the Bible; born about 310, in the
country of the Goths north of the Danube ;
died about 381, at Constantinople. He was the
first bishop of the Arian Visigoths. He trans-
lated the whole of the Bible, except the books
of Kings, into Gothic. Of this translation there
are extant a considerable part of the Gospels,
Corinthians complete, fragments of the other
epistles and of Ezra and Nehemiah, and a few
passages of Genesis, Ezekiel, and Maccabees.
The most considerable MS. copy, called Codex
Argenteus, is in the library of the University of
Upsala.
Ulliac-Trémandeure, Sophie (ü-yäk'-trā.
mon-der'). A French story-writer; born at
Lorient, 1794; died at Paris, 1862. Among her
stories, all intended for youthful readers, are :
(The Fowler) (1825); (Old Daniel's Sundays )
(1833); (The Little Hunchback) (1833); Mother
Goose's Stories) (1842): some of her stories were
crowned by the Academy. She wrote also (An
Old Woman's Reminiscences) (2 vols. , 1861).
Ullmann, Karl (öl'män). A German theo.
logical writer; born at Epfenbach in the Palati-
nate, March 15, 1796 ; died at Karlsruhe, Jan, 12,
1865. He was appointed professor in the l'ni.
versity of Heidelberg in 1826. Among his works
are : 'Gregory of Nazianzus) (1825); “Reform-
ers before the Reformation (2 vols. , 1841);
(Historical or Mythical ? ' (1838), a critique of
Strauss's (Life of Jesus.
Ulloa, Alfonso de (öl-yo'ä). A Spanish
writer of history who lived in the 16th century;
died about 1580. His principal works are :
"Life of the Emperor Charles V. (1560); Life
of the Emperor Ferdinand) (1565); History
of the Capture of Tripoli in Barbary) (1500);
(History of Europe, 1564-66) (1570).
Ulloa, Antonio de. A Spanish statesman
and writer of history ; born at Seville, Jan. 12,
1716; died near Cadiz, July 5, 1795. He spent
many years in North and South America, and
was governor of Louisiana in 1766. Among his
writings are : (Account of a Voyage to South
America) (1748); (American Notes : Physico-
Historical Talks on South America and Eastern
North America) (1772); (Secret Information
concerning America' (1826), confidential reports
made to the Spanish ministry.
Ulloa, Martin de. A Spanish philologist and
historical writer; born at Seville, 1730; died
at Cordova, 1800. He wrote: Memoir on
the Origin and Genius of the Castilian Lan-
guage) (1760); Dissertation on the Origin of
the Goths) (1781); (Researches on the First In-
habitants of Spain) (1789); (Dissertation on
Duels) (1789).
Ulloa y Pereira, Luis de (öl-yoä' ē pā-rā'ē.
rä). A Spanish poet; born at Toro in Leon,
about 1590; died 1000. His most notable work
is “Rachel (1569), a poem on the amours of
Alfonso VIII, and a fair Jewess of Toledo.
Ulpian (ul'pi-an) — Lat. Ulpianus (ul-pi-
ā'nus), Domitius. An eminent Roman jurist;
born about 170 A. D. (? ) in Tyre; killed 228 A. D.
Alexander Severus made him his secretary and
prætorian prefect; the prætorian soldiers mu-
tinied and murdered him. He was the author
of a work entitled (Ad Edictum, and other
legal treatises greatly valued, all now lost but
a few fragments.
Ulrich von Lichtenstein (öl'rich fon lich'.
ten-stin). A Middle High German lyric poet;
born about 1200; died about 1275. He belonged
to a noble family of Styria, and was long in-
carcerated as the leader of an unruly faction
there. This principal works are : Court to the
Ladies,' describing his amours and adventures
from 1222 to 1255; and (The Ladies' Book,'
from 1257: both valuable monuments of the
manners and morals of the age.
Ulrici, Hermann (öl-re'tse). A German
scholar, critic, and philosopher; born at Pförte,
Saxony, March 23, 1806; died at Halle, where
he was professor, Jan. II, 1884. He published
in 1833 his "Characteristics of Ancient His.
toriography. This was followed by his "His-
tory of Poetic Art in Greece) (2 vols. , 1835),
and a (Treatise on Shakespeare's Dramatic


## p. 539 (#555) ############################################

ULSTEDT - URLICHS
539
Art) (1839), which was received with great
favor. His philosophical works include On
the Principle and Method of Hegel's Philoso-
phy) (1841), and (God and Nature) (1862).
Ulstedt, Philipp (öl'stet). A celebrated Ger-
man alchemist of the first half of the 16th cen-
tury. He wrote: “The Philosopher's Heaven;
or, The Secrets of Nature, by Philippus Ul.
stedt, Patrician of Nuremberg' (1528).
Umbreit, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl (öm'brit).
A German theological writer ; born in Saxony,
April 11, 1795; died June 11, 1860. He was pro-
fessor of theology in the University of Heidel-
berg. Among his writings are: Philological,
Critical, and Philosophical Commentary on the
Proverbs of Solomon' (1826); (Fundamental
Points of the Old Testament) (1843).
Umpfenbach, Karl Friedrich (ömp'fen-bäch).
A German political economist; born at Giessen,
June 5, 1832; professor of political economy in
the University of Königsberg. His principal
works are: (Text-Book of the Science of Fi.
nance) (2 vols. , 1859-60); (Doctrine of National
Economy) (1867); (Capital as related to Civ-
ilization' (1879); “Old-Age Insurance and State
Socialism' (1883).
Underwood, Benjamin Franklin. An Amer-
ican editor and author; born in 1839. He was
editor of the Index in Boston; and wrote (In-
fluence of Christianity upon Civilization, and
(Essays and Lectures.
Underwood, Francis Henry. An American
man of letters; born in Enfield, Mass. , Jan. 12,
1825. He was an active abolitionist; clerk of
the Massachusetts Senate in 1852; afterward lit-
erary editor of the publishing-house of Phillips,
Sampson & Co. He assisted in the manage-
ment of the Atlantic Monthly for two years ;
was elected clerk of the superior court in Bos-
ton, which position he held for eleven years.
In 1885 he was appointed United States Consul
at Glasgow ; in 1888 the University of Glasgow
conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. His
works include a (Hand-Book of American Lit-
· erature) (1872); (Cloud Pictures, a series of
imaginative stories musical in theme (1877);
(Lord of Himself, a novel of old times in
Kentucky (1874); Man Proposes) (1880); (The
True Story of Exodus, an abridgment of
Brugsch Bey's work (1880); and biographical
sketches of Longfellow (1882), Lowell (1882),
and Whittier (1883).
Underwood, Lucien Marcus. An American
educator and botanist; born in New York, 1853.
He is professor of botany at Syracuse University
since 1883, and has published: (Systematic
Plant Record) (1881); (Our Native Ferns, and
How to Study Them) (1881); (North American
Hepaticæ) (1884); (Our Native Ferns and
their Allies) (1888).
Unger, Franz (öng'er). An Austrian bota-
nist and palæontologist ; born at Leutschach in
Styria, Nov. 30, 1800; died at Gratz, Feb. 13,
1870. Among his works are : "On the Influence
of Soil on the Distribution of Plants) (1836);
(The Primordial World' (1851); (Anatomy and
Physiology of Plants) (1855); (Scientific Mem-
orabilia of a Tour in Greece and the Ionian
Islands) (1862); (The Island of Cyprus) (1865).
Upham, Charles W. A Unitarian minister
and writer; born in St. John, N. B. , in 1802.
He published Lectures on Witchcraft, etc.
(1831); "Life of Sir Henry Vane) in Sparks's
(American Biography); and made numerous
contributions to the North American Review,
Christian Examiner, and other periodicals.
Upham, Thomas Cogswell. An American
Unitarian clergyman of Salem, Mass. ; born in
Deerfield, N. H. , Jan. 30, 1799; died in New
York city, April 2, 1872. Among his works are:
(Outlines of Imperfect and Disordered Mental
Action) (1840); Life of Madame Guyon,' etc.
(1847); Life of Faith (1848); (American Cot.
tage Life,' a series of poems (1850); "Letters
from Europe, Egypt, and Palestine) (1855);
Life of Catherine Adorna) (1856); and (Christ
in the Soul) (1872).
Upton, George Putnam. An American jour-
nalist and musical critic; born in Roxbury,
Mass. , Oct. 25, 1834; removed to Chicago, 1855,
and has since been identified with musical
journalism. He has published: Letters of
Peregrine Pickle) (1869); (The Great Fire)
(1872); Memories) (translated from Max
Müller, 1879); "Woman in Music, an essay
(1880); "Lives) of Hayden, Liszt, and Wagner
(1883-84); (The Standard Operas) (1885); (The
Standard Oratorios) (1886); (The Standard
Cantatas) (1887); “The Standard Symphonies'
(1888).
Urbanski, Ladislas (ör-bän'ski). A Polish
dramatist and miscellaneous writer; born in
Lithuania, 1796; died at Warsaw, 1857. Among
his more noteworthy writings are: (The Sor.