were driven into the
interior
of
the country when the Oreeks began to settle along the
coast.
the country when the Oreeks began to settle along the
coast.
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
Yid.
Supplement.
AdmEtk, I. (Vid. Supplement. )--II. A daughter
of Oceanus and Tethys, whom Hyginus, in the preface
to his fables, calls Admeto, and a daughter of Pontus
and Thalassa, which last was the offspring of . Ether
and Hemera. (Ham. Hymn, in Ccrcrem, 421. --He-
siod. Thcog. 349. )
Admktus, I. son of Pheres, king of Pher<<a in Thes-
>>aly, and who succeeded his father on the throne. He
married Theone, daughter of Thestor, and, after her
death, Alcestis, daughter of Pclias, so famous for her
conjugal heroism. It was to the friendship of Apollo
that he owed this latter union. The god having been
banished from the sky for one year, in consequence
of his killing the Cyclopes, tended during that period
the herds of Admetus. Pelias had promised his
daughter to the man who should bring him a chariot
drawn by a lion and a wild boar, and Admetus suc-
ceeded in this by the aid of Apollo. The god also
obtained from the Fates, that Admetus should not die
if another person laid down his or her life for him, and
Alcestis heroically devoted herself to death for her
husband. Admetus was so deeply affected at her loss,
that Proserpina actually relented; but Pluto remained
inexorable, and Hercules at last descended to the
shades and bore back Alcestis to life. Admetus was
? ? one of the Argonauts, and was also present at the hunt
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? ADR
ADR
hunt, and at last lost his life by the tusk of a wild
boar whom he ha</ wounded. His blood produced the
anemone, according to Chid (Met. 10, 735); but ac-
cording to others, the adoniuui, while the anemone
arose from the tears of Venus. (Bion, Epitaph. Ad. 66. )
The goddess was inconsolable at his loss, and at laBt
obtained from Proserpina, that Adonis should spend al-
ternately six months with her on earth, and the remain-
ing six in the shades. This fable is evidently an alle-
gorical allusion to the periodical return of winter and
summer. (Apoliod. 3, 14. --Or. /. c. --Bion, I. e. --
Virsr. Ect. 10, 18, &:c. ) "Adonis, or Adonai," ob-
serves R. P. Knight, ** was an Oriental title of the
Mtn, signifying Lord; and the boar, supposed to have
killed him, was the emblem of winter; during which
the productive powers of nature being suspended, Ve-
nus was said to lament the loss of Adonis until he was
again restored to life; whence both the Syrian and Ar-
give women annually mourned his death and celebra-
ted his renovation; and the mysteries of Venus and
Adonis at Byblus in Syria were held in similar esti-
mation with those of Ceres and Bacchus at Eleusis,
and Isis and Osiris in Egypt. Adonis was said to
pass six months with Proserpina and six with Venus;
whence some learned persons have conjectured that
the allegory -was invented near the pole, where the sun
disappears daring so long a time; but it may signify
merely the decrease and increase of the productive
powers of nature as the sun retires and advances. The
Vishnoo or Juggernaut of the Hindus is equally said
to lie in a dormant state during the four rainy months
of that climate; and the Osiris of the Egyptians was
supposed to be dead or absent forty days in each year,
durino- which the people lamented his loss, as the Sy-
rians did that of Adonis, and the Scandinavians that of
Frev; though at Upsal, the great metropolis of their
worship, the sun never continues any one day entirely
below their horizon. " An Inquiry into the Symbol-
ical Language of Ancient Art and Mytholopy (Class.
Journal, vol. 25. p. 42. )--II. A river of Phoenicia,
which falls into the Mediterranean below Byblus. It
is now called Nahr Ibrahim. At the anniversary of
the death of Adonis, which was in the rainy season, its
waters were tinged red with the ochrous particles from
tbe mountains of Jjibanus, and were fabled to flow with
his blood. But Dupuis (4, p. 121), with more proba-
bility, supposes this red colour to have been a mere ar-
tifice on the part of the priests.
AdkamyttTcm. a city of Asia Minor, on the coast of
Mvsia. and at the head of an extensive bay (Sinus Ad-
ra'myttenus) facing the island of Lesbos. Strabo (605)
? takes it an Athenian colony. Stephanus Byzantinus
(allows Aristotle, and mentions Adramys, the brother
of Croesus, as its founder. This last is more proba-
blv the true account, especially as an adjacent district
bore the name of Lydia. According, however, to Eu-
stathius and other commentators, the place existed be-
fonj the Trojan war, and was no other than the Peda-
cbb 0f Homer (fltn. 5, 32). This city became a place
of importance under the kings of Pergamus, and con-
tinued so in the time of the Roman power, although
jt suffered severely during; the war with Mithradates.
tStrah. 605. ) Here the Conrcntus Juridicus was
held. The modern name is Adramyt, and it is repre-
sented as being still a place of some commerce It
contains 1000 houses, but mostly mean and miserably
built Adramyttium is mentioned in the Acts of the
? ? Apostles (ch. 27. 2).
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? ADR
ADU
Atria. In Strabo alone the reading is doubtful. Ma-
nutius and Ccllarius, and the authority of inscriptions
and coins, give the preference to the form Hadria.
Berkel (ad Stcph. Byzani. , v. 'Aipia) is also in favour
of it. It must be observed, however, that Adria is
found on coins as well as the aspirated fomi. (Rasche,
Lex Rci Num. , vol. 4, col. 9. -- Ccllarius, Gcogr.
Ant. 1. 509. )--II. A town of Picenum, capital of the
Pratutii, on the coast of the Adriatic. Here the fam-
ily of the Emperor Adrian, according to his own ac-
count, took its rise. The modern name of the place
u Adri or Atri.
Adrianopolis, or Hadrianopolis, I. one of the
most important cities of Thrace, founded by and named
after the Emperor Adrian or Hadrian. Being of com-
paratively recent date, it is consequently not mentioned
by the old geographical writers. Even Ptolemy is
silent respecting it, since his notices arc not later than
the reign of Trajan. The site of this city, however,
was previously occupied by a small Thracian settle-
ment named Uskudama; and its very advantageous
situation determined the emperor in favour of erecting
i large city on the spot. (Ammian. Marccll. 14, 11.
^Eulrop. 6,8. ) Adrianopolis stood on the right bank
of the Hebrus, now Maritza, which forms a junction in
this quarter with the Arda, or Ardiscus, now Arda,
and the Tonzus, now Tundscha. (Compare Zosimus,
2, 22. --Lamprid. Elagai. 7. ) This city became fa-
mous in a later age for its manufactories of arms, and
in the fourth century succeeded in withstanding the
Goths, who laid siege to it after their victory over the
Emperor Valens. (Ammian. Marccll. 31, 15. ) Hier-
odes (p. 635) makes it the chief city of the Thracian
province of Hmmimontius. The inhabitants were prob-
ably ashamed of their Thracian origin, and borrowed
therefore a primitive name for their city from the my-
thology of the Greeks. (Vid. Orestias. ) Manncrt
(7, 263) thinks that the true appellation was Odrysos,
which they thus purposely altered. The modem name
of the place is Adrianoplc, or rather Edrinch. It was
taken by the Turks in 1360 or 1363, and the Em-
peror Amurath made it his residence. It continued
to be the imperial city until the fall of Constantinople;
but, though the court has been removed to the latter
place, Adrianoplc is still the second city in the empire,
and very important, in case of invasion by a foreign
power, as a central point for collecting the Turkish
strength. Its present population is not less than
100,000 souls. --IF. A city of Bithynia in Asia Minor,
founded by the Emperor Adrian. D'Anville places it
in the southern part of the territory of the Mariandyni,
and makes it correspond to the modern Boli. --III.
Another city of Bithynia, called more properly Adrian]
or Hadriani ('Aipiavoi). It is frequently mentioned
in ecclesiastical writers, and by Hicrocles (p. 693), and
there arc medals existing of it, on which it is styled
Adriani near Olympus. Hence D'Anville, on" his
map, places it to the southwest of Mount Olympus, in
the district of Olympena, and makes it the same with
the modern Edrcnos. Mannert opposes this, and places
it in the immediate vicinity of the river RhyndacUB. --
IV. A city of Epirus, in the district of Thesprotia,
situate to the southeast of Antigonea, on the river Ce-
lydnus. Its ruinB are still found upon a spot named
Drinopolis, an evident corruption of its earlier name.
(Hu/rhes' Travels, 2, 236. ) -- V. A name given to a
part of Athens, in which the Emperor Adrian or Ha-
? ? drian had erected many new and beautiful structures.
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? JEAC
sar (/? . G. . G, 32). which he places nearer the Uhine.
(MannerI, 2. 20O. )
AdoatCci or AocatTci, a German nation who ori-
ginally formed a part of the great invading army of
the Teutones and Cimbri. They were left behind in
Gaul, to guard a part of the baggage, and finally set-
tled there. Their territory extended from the Scaldis,
or Schcld, eastward as far as Moss; Pons, or Mastricht.
(Mannert, 2, 199. )
AdPlis, called by Pliny (6, 29) Oppidum Adulita-
rum, the principal commercial city along the coast of
? Ethiopia. It was founded by fugitive slaves from
Egypt, but fell subsequently under the power of the
neighbouring kingdom of Auxume. Ptolemy writes
the name 'AAovXr), Strabo '\AovXei, and Stephanus
Byzantinus 'Atlovs. ic-. Adulis has become remarkable
on account of the two Greek inscriptions found in it.
Cosmas Indicoplcustes, as he is commonly called, was
the first who gave an account of them (/. 2, p. 140,
apud MonJ/auc). One is on a kind of throne, or rather
armchair, of white marble, the other on a tablet of
touchstone (dird jiaoavirou HBov), erected behind the
throne. Cosmas gives copies of both, and his MS.
has also a drawing of the throne or chair itself. The
inscription on the tablet relates to Ptolemy Euergetes,
and his conquests in Asia Minor, Thrace, and Upper
Asia. It is imperfect, however, towards the end; al-
though, if the account of Cosmas be correct, the part
of the stone which was broken off was not large, and,
consequently, but a small part of the inscription was
lost. Cosmas and his coadjutor Mcnas believed that
the other inscription, which was to be found on the
throne or chair, would be the continuation of the for-
mer, and therefore give it as such. It was reserved
for Salt and Buttnian n to prove, that the inscription on
the tablet alone related to Ptolemy, and that the one
on the throne or chair was of much more recent origin,
probably as late as the second or third century, and
made by some native prince in imitation of the former.
One of the principal arguments by which they arrive at
this conclusion is. that the inscription on the throne
speaks of conquests in Ethiopia which none of the
Ptolemies ever made. (Museum der Alterthumrutu-
tensekafl, vol. 2, p. 105, ataa )
Adyshachid^, a maritime people of Africa, near
Egvpt. Ptolemy (lib. 4, e. 5) calls them Adyrmach-
ites, but Herodotus (4, 168), Pliny (5, 6), and Silius
Italicus (3, 279), make the name to be Adyrmachida;
("AriiYMMrtcJai). Hcnee, as Larcher observes (Histotrc
AHtrcxUHc, vol. 8, p. lO, Table Geogr. ), the text of
Ptolemy ought to be corrected by these authorities.
The Adyrmachida?
were driven into the interior of
the country when the Oreeks began to settle along the
coast.
-Ea, the city of King -. -Etes, said to have been situate
on the river Phasis in Colchis. The most probable
opinion is, that it existed only in the imaginations of
the poets. {Mannert, 4, 397. )
. Eaces, a tyrant of Samos, deprived of his tyranny
bv Aristagoras, B. C. 500. He fled to the Persians,
and induced the Samians to abandon the other Ionian*
in the sea-fight with the Persians. Ho was restored
by the Persians in the year B. C. 494. (Hcreilotus,
4. 138. )
. EacToes, I. a patronymic of the descendants of . Ea-
rns, such as Achilles, Peleus, Pyrrhus, ice. (Vtrg.
JBn. 1, 99, etc. ) The line of the . Eacida; is given
as follows: ^Eacus became the father of Telamon and
? ? Peleus by his wife Endeis. (Tzctzcs, ail Lycophr. , v.
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? &GM
JEGE
Christian emperor Constantino to philosophy, took ref-
uge in divination. An oracle in hexameter verse rep-
resented a pastoral life as his only retreat; but his dis-
ciples, perhaps calming his fears by a metaphorical in-
terpretation, compelled him to resume his instructions.
He settled at Pergamos, where he numbered among
his pupils the Emperor Julian. After the accession of
the latter to the imperial purple, he invited . Edesius to
continue his instructions, but the latter, being unequal
to the task through age, sent in his stead Chrysanthcs
and Euscbius, his disciples. (Eunap. , Vit. Aides. )
. (Edessa. Vvl. Edessa.
Ar. nn. v Vid. Philomela.
vEdui, a powerful nation of Gaul. Their confeder-
ation embraced all the tract of country comprehended
between the AUier, the middle Loire, and the Same,
and extending a little beyond this river towanls the
south. The proper capital was Bibrocte, and the sec-
ond city in importance Noviodunum. Tho political
influence of the . Edui extended-over the Manuubes or
Mandubii, whose chief city Alesia traced its origin to
the most ancient periods of Gaul, and passed for a
work of the Tyrian Hercules. (Dial. Sic, 4, 19. )
This same influence reached also the Ambarri, the In-
subres, and the Segusiani. The Biturigcs themselves,
who had been previously one of the most flourishing
nations of Gaul, were held by the iEdui in a condition
approaching that of subjects. (Thierry, Histmre ties
Gaulots, 2, 31. ) When Ca-sar came into Gaul, he
found that the . Edui, after having long contended with
the Arvcrni and Scquani for the supremacy in Gaul,
had been overcome by the two latter, who called
in Ariovistus and the Germans to their aid. The
arrival of the Roman commander soon changed the
aspect of affairs, and the . Edui were restored by the
Roman arms to the chief power in the country. They
became, of course, valuable allies for Cresar in his Gal-
lic conquests. Eventually, however, they embraced
the party of Vcrcingetorix against Rome; but, when
the insurcction was quelled, they were still favourably
treated on account of their former services. (Cas. , B.
G. , 1, 31, seqq. )
;EEta, oryfegTEs, king of Colchis, son of Sol, and
Perscis, the daughter of Occanus, was father of Medea,
Absyrtus, and Chalciopc, by Idyia, one of the Oceani-
des. He killed Phryxus, son 'of Athamas, who had
fled to his court on a golden ram. This murder he
committed to obtain the fleece of the golden ram. Tho
Argonauts came against Colchis, and recovered the
golden fleece by means of Medea, though it was guard-
ed by bulls that breathed fire, and by a venomous drag-
on. (Vtd. Jason, Medea, and Phryxus ) He was
afterward, according to Apollodorus, deprived of his
kingdom by his brother Perees, but was restored to it
by Medea, who had returned from Greece to Colchis.
(Apotlod. , I, 9, 28--Heune, ad ApMod. , I. c--Ov. ,
Mel, 7, 11, sCqq. ,&c. )
-. EetIab, . iEktis, and ^EetTxk, patronymic forms
from yEetes, used by Roman poets to designate his
daughter Medea. 'Ovid, Mel. , 7, 9, 296. )
vEqa. ViiI. Supplement.
&uje, I. a small town on the western coast of
Eubcea, southeast of^Edcpsus. It contained a tem-
ple sacred to Neptune, and was supposed to have giv-
en name to the ^Egean. (Strati. , 386. )--II. A city
of Macedonia, the same with Edessa--III. A town
of Achaia, near tho mouth of the Crathis. It appears
? ? lo have been abandoned eventually by its inhabitants,
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? ^E GE
final settled here, formed with them one people, under
the name of Elymi. In the course of time their num-
bers were still farther increased by the junction of
some wandering Achaei. This seems to have been the
generally-received idea among the Greeks, respecting
the origin of the Elymi and ^Egestsi. Its improba-
bility, however, is apparent even at first view. When
the Romans became masters of these parts, after the
tot Panic war, they readily adopted the current tra-
dition respecting the people of ^Egcsta, as well as the
Uta o/'anarfinity, through the line of . . Eneas, between
themselves and the latter, and the legend is interwoven
also with the subject of the JEne'ul (5,36, acqq. --Vid.
. ? ge<<tes). From the circumstance of the Romans
hiving recognised the affinity of the . ^Egestieans to
themselves, we find them styled, in the Duilian in-
scription. " the kinsmen of the Roman people. " COG-
SATl P. R. (Cmccomujf, tie Col. Rostr. Duil. , Lugd.
Bui. 1597. ) Cicero, too (in Verrcm. 4, 33), adopts
the current tradition of the day. "Whatever our opin-
ion may be relative to the various details of these le-
gends, one thing at least very clearly appears, which
i*. that --Egesta was not of Grecian origin. Thucyd-
iilei (7, 53). in enumerating the allies of Syracuse,
speaks of the people of Himora as forming the only
Grecian settlement on the northern coast of Sicily;
ami in another part (7, 57), expressly classes the
^gestzans among Barbarians (Bop6upuv 'Eycoroloi).
The origin of _Egesta, therefore, may be fairly as-
cribed to a branch of the Pelosgic race, the Trojans
themselves being of the same stock. (Vi(t. /Eneas. )
Pre-nuus to the arrival of the Romans in Sicily, the
_Ege<<aans were engaged in a long contest with the
inhabitants of Selinus. Finding themselves, however,
the weaker party, they solicited and obtained the aid
of Athens. The unfortunate issue of the Athenian
expedition against Syracuse compelled the ^Egesta;-
aai to look for new allies in the Carthaginians. These
came to their aid, and Selinus fell; but . lv. ;rst:i also
shared its fate, and the city remained under this new
control, until, for the purpose of regaining its freedom,
H espoused the cause of Agathocles. The change,
however, was for the worse; and the tyrant, offended
at their unwillingness to contribute supplies, murdered
a part of the inhabitants, drove the rest into exile, and
changed the name of the city to Diceopolis, settling in
it at the same time a body of deserters that had come
over to him. (Polyb. 2O, 71. ) The death of Agatho-
eies very probably restored the old name, and brought
back the surviving part of the former inhabitants, since
we find the appellation yEgesta reappearing in the
first Punic war (Polyb. 1, 24), and since the JEgestffi-
ana. daring that same conflict, after slaughtering a Car-
thaginian garrison which had been placed within their
nails, were able to declare themselves the kinsmen of
the Roman people. (Zonaraa,8,4. ) It was this pre-
tended affinity between the two communities that pre-
served JDgesta from oblivion after it had fallen be-
neath the Roman sway, and we find Pliny (3, 8) na-
ming the inhabitants amongthe number of those who
enjoyed the jut LtUinum. The ruins of the place are
found, at the present day, near the modem Alcamo.
(3ft*nert, 9, 2, 393, scqq. --Hoare's Classical Tour,
8,61. )
. EGKSTES, ^-Egestus, or, as Virgil writes it, Accstes, j
* tan of the river-god Crimisus, by a Trojan mother,
according1 to one account, while another makes both
bit parents to have been ofTrojan origin. Laomedon,
? ? it teems had given, the daughters of a distinguished
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? . CGI
JEGl
Sinnar, ad he. )--III. The earliest name for the coun-
try along the northern shore of the Peloponnesus.
(Vid. Achaia, III. )
. Ekialkus, son of Adrastus, by Amphithca, daugh-
ter of Pronax, and a member of the expedition led by
the Epigoni against Thebes. He was the only leader
slain in this war, as his father had been the only one
that survived the previous contest. (Vul. Epigoni. )
Compare the scholiast, ad Find. Pyth. 8, 08.
-EuTdks, a patronymic of Theseus. (Homer, II. I,
265. )
^Eoila, a town in Laconia, where Ceres had a tem-
ple. Aristomcnes, the Messenian leader, endeavoured
on one occasion to seize a party of Laconian females
who were celebrating here the rites of the goddess.
The attempt failed, through the courageous resistance
of the women, and Aristomcnes himself was taken
prisoner. He was released, however, the same night,
by Archidamca, the priestess of Ceres, who had before
this cherished an affection for him. She pretended
that he had burned off his bonds, by moving himself up
towards the fire, and remaining near enough to have
them consumed. (Paua. 4, 17. )
. Eoimius, a king of the Dorians, reigning at the
time in Thessaly, near the range of Pindus. (Hcyne,
ad Apollod. 2, 7, 7. ) He aided Hercules, according
to the Doric legend, in his contest with the Lapithc,
and received, as a reward, the territory from which
they were driven. (Apollotl. I. e. ) . Egimius is a con-
spicuous name among the founders of the Doric line,
and mention is made by the ancient writers of an epic
poem, entitled Aiytfitoe, which is ascribed by some to
Hesiod, by others to Cecrops the Milesian. (Hcyne,
I. c. ) The posterity of .
AdmEtk, I. (Vid. Supplement. )--II. A daughter
of Oceanus and Tethys, whom Hyginus, in the preface
to his fables, calls Admeto, and a daughter of Pontus
and Thalassa, which last was the offspring of . Ether
and Hemera. (Ham. Hymn, in Ccrcrem, 421. --He-
siod. Thcog. 349. )
Admktus, I. son of Pheres, king of Pher<<a in Thes-
>>aly, and who succeeded his father on the throne. He
married Theone, daughter of Thestor, and, after her
death, Alcestis, daughter of Pclias, so famous for her
conjugal heroism. It was to the friendship of Apollo
that he owed this latter union. The god having been
banished from the sky for one year, in consequence
of his killing the Cyclopes, tended during that period
the herds of Admetus. Pelias had promised his
daughter to the man who should bring him a chariot
drawn by a lion and a wild boar, and Admetus suc-
ceeded in this by the aid of Apollo. The god also
obtained from the Fates, that Admetus should not die
if another person laid down his or her life for him, and
Alcestis heroically devoted herself to death for her
husband. Admetus was so deeply affected at her loss,
that Proserpina actually relented; but Pluto remained
inexorable, and Hercules at last descended to the
shades and bore back Alcestis to life. Admetus was
? ? one of the Argonauts, and was also present at the hunt
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? ADR
ADR
hunt, and at last lost his life by the tusk of a wild
boar whom he ha</ wounded. His blood produced the
anemone, according to Chid (Met. 10, 735); but ac-
cording to others, the adoniuui, while the anemone
arose from the tears of Venus. (Bion, Epitaph. Ad. 66. )
The goddess was inconsolable at his loss, and at laBt
obtained from Proserpina, that Adonis should spend al-
ternately six months with her on earth, and the remain-
ing six in the shades. This fable is evidently an alle-
gorical allusion to the periodical return of winter and
summer. (Apoliod. 3, 14. --Or. /. c. --Bion, I. e. --
Virsr. Ect. 10, 18, &:c. ) "Adonis, or Adonai," ob-
serves R. P. Knight, ** was an Oriental title of the
Mtn, signifying Lord; and the boar, supposed to have
killed him, was the emblem of winter; during which
the productive powers of nature being suspended, Ve-
nus was said to lament the loss of Adonis until he was
again restored to life; whence both the Syrian and Ar-
give women annually mourned his death and celebra-
ted his renovation; and the mysteries of Venus and
Adonis at Byblus in Syria were held in similar esti-
mation with those of Ceres and Bacchus at Eleusis,
and Isis and Osiris in Egypt. Adonis was said to
pass six months with Proserpina and six with Venus;
whence some learned persons have conjectured that
the allegory -was invented near the pole, where the sun
disappears daring so long a time; but it may signify
merely the decrease and increase of the productive
powers of nature as the sun retires and advances. The
Vishnoo or Juggernaut of the Hindus is equally said
to lie in a dormant state during the four rainy months
of that climate; and the Osiris of the Egyptians was
supposed to be dead or absent forty days in each year,
durino- which the people lamented his loss, as the Sy-
rians did that of Adonis, and the Scandinavians that of
Frev; though at Upsal, the great metropolis of their
worship, the sun never continues any one day entirely
below their horizon. " An Inquiry into the Symbol-
ical Language of Ancient Art and Mytholopy (Class.
Journal, vol. 25. p. 42. )--II. A river of Phoenicia,
which falls into the Mediterranean below Byblus. It
is now called Nahr Ibrahim. At the anniversary of
the death of Adonis, which was in the rainy season, its
waters were tinged red with the ochrous particles from
tbe mountains of Jjibanus, and were fabled to flow with
his blood. But Dupuis (4, p. 121), with more proba-
bility, supposes this red colour to have been a mere ar-
tifice on the part of the priests.
AdkamyttTcm. a city of Asia Minor, on the coast of
Mvsia. and at the head of an extensive bay (Sinus Ad-
ra'myttenus) facing the island of Lesbos. Strabo (605)
? takes it an Athenian colony. Stephanus Byzantinus
(allows Aristotle, and mentions Adramys, the brother
of Croesus, as its founder. This last is more proba-
blv the true account, especially as an adjacent district
bore the name of Lydia. According, however, to Eu-
stathius and other commentators, the place existed be-
fonj the Trojan war, and was no other than the Peda-
cbb 0f Homer (fltn. 5, 32). This city became a place
of importance under the kings of Pergamus, and con-
tinued so in the time of the Roman power, although
jt suffered severely during; the war with Mithradates.
tStrah. 605. ) Here the Conrcntus Juridicus was
held. The modern name is Adramyt, and it is repre-
sented as being still a place of some commerce It
contains 1000 houses, but mostly mean and miserably
built Adramyttium is mentioned in the Acts of the
? ? Apostles (ch. 27. 2).
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? ADR
ADU
Atria. In Strabo alone the reading is doubtful. Ma-
nutius and Ccllarius, and the authority of inscriptions
and coins, give the preference to the form Hadria.
Berkel (ad Stcph. Byzani. , v. 'Aipia) is also in favour
of it. It must be observed, however, that Adria is
found on coins as well as the aspirated fomi. (Rasche,
Lex Rci Num. , vol. 4, col. 9. -- Ccllarius, Gcogr.
Ant. 1. 509. )--II. A town of Picenum, capital of the
Pratutii, on the coast of the Adriatic. Here the fam-
ily of the Emperor Adrian, according to his own ac-
count, took its rise. The modern name of the place
u Adri or Atri.
Adrianopolis, or Hadrianopolis, I. one of the
most important cities of Thrace, founded by and named
after the Emperor Adrian or Hadrian. Being of com-
paratively recent date, it is consequently not mentioned
by the old geographical writers. Even Ptolemy is
silent respecting it, since his notices arc not later than
the reign of Trajan. The site of this city, however,
was previously occupied by a small Thracian settle-
ment named Uskudama; and its very advantageous
situation determined the emperor in favour of erecting
i large city on the spot. (Ammian. Marccll. 14, 11.
^Eulrop. 6,8. ) Adrianopolis stood on the right bank
of the Hebrus, now Maritza, which forms a junction in
this quarter with the Arda, or Ardiscus, now Arda,
and the Tonzus, now Tundscha. (Compare Zosimus,
2, 22. --Lamprid. Elagai. 7. ) This city became fa-
mous in a later age for its manufactories of arms, and
in the fourth century succeeded in withstanding the
Goths, who laid siege to it after their victory over the
Emperor Valens. (Ammian. Marccll. 31, 15. ) Hier-
odes (p. 635) makes it the chief city of the Thracian
province of Hmmimontius. The inhabitants were prob-
ably ashamed of their Thracian origin, and borrowed
therefore a primitive name for their city from the my-
thology of the Greeks. (Vid. Orestias. ) Manncrt
(7, 263) thinks that the true appellation was Odrysos,
which they thus purposely altered. The modem name
of the place is Adrianoplc, or rather Edrinch. It was
taken by the Turks in 1360 or 1363, and the Em-
peror Amurath made it his residence. It continued
to be the imperial city until the fall of Constantinople;
but, though the court has been removed to the latter
place, Adrianoplc is still the second city in the empire,
and very important, in case of invasion by a foreign
power, as a central point for collecting the Turkish
strength. Its present population is not less than
100,000 souls. --IF. A city of Bithynia in Asia Minor,
founded by the Emperor Adrian. D'Anville places it
in the southern part of the territory of the Mariandyni,
and makes it correspond to the modern Boli. --III.
Another city of Bithynia, called more properly Adrian]
or Hadriani ('Aipiavoi). It is frequently mentioned
in ecclesiastical writers, and by Hicrocles (p. 693), and
there arc medals existing of it, on which it is styled
Adriani near Olympus. Hence D'Anville, on" his
map, places it to the southwest of Mount Olympus, in
the district of Olympena, and makes it the same with
the modern Edrcnos. Mannert opposes this, and places
it in the immediate vicinity of the river RhyndacUB. --
IV. A city of Epirus, in the district of Thesprotia,
situate to the southeast of Antigonea, on the river Ce-
lydnus. Its ruinB are still found upon a spot named
Drinopolis, an evident corruption of its earlier name.
(Hu/rhes' Travels, 2, 236. ) -- V. A name given to a
part of Athens, in which the Emperor Adrian or Ha-
? ? drian had erected many new and beautiful structures.
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? JEAC
sar (/? . G. . G, 32). which he places nearer the Uhine.
(MannerI, 2. 20O. )
AdoatCci or AocatTci, a German nation who ori-
ginally formed a part of the great invading army of
the Teutones and Cimbri. They were left behind in
Gaul, to guard a part of the baggage, and finally set-
tled there. Their territory extended from the Scaldis,
or Schcld, eastward as far as Moss; Pons, or Mastricht.
(Mannert, 2, 199. )
AdPlis, called by Pliny (6, 29) Oppidum Adulita-
rum, the principal commercial city along the coast of
? Ethiopia. It was founded by fugitive slaves from
Egypt, but fell subsequently under the power of the
neighbouring kingdom of Auxume. Ptolemy writes
the name 'AAovXr), Strabo '\AovXei, and Stephanus
Byzantinus 'Atlovs. ic-. Adulis has become remarkable
on account of the two Greek inscriptions found in it.
Cosmas Indicoplcustes, as he is commonly called, was
the first who gave an account of them (/. 2, p. 140,
apud MonJ/auc). One is on a kind of throne, or rather
armchair, of white marble, the other on a tablet of
touchstone (dird jiaoavirou HBov), erected behind the
throne. Cosmas gives copies of both, and his MS.
has also a drawing of the throne or chair itself. The
inscription on the tablet relates to Ptolemy Euergetes,
and his conquests in Asia Minor, Thrace, and Upper
Asia. It is imperfect, however, towards the end; al-
though, if the account of Cosmas be correct, the part
of the stone which was broken off was not large, and,
consequently, but a small part of the inscription was
lost. Cosmas and his coadjutor Mcnas believed that
the other inscription, which was to be found on the
throne or chair, would be the continuation of the for-
mer, and therefore give it as such. It was reserved
for Salt and Buttnian n to prove, that the inscription on
the tablet alone related to Ptolemy, and that the one
on the throne or chair was of much more recent origin,
probably as late as the second or third century, and
made by some native prince in imitation of the former.
One of the principal arguments by which they arrive at
this conclusion is. that the inscription on the throne
speaks of conquests in Ethiopia which none of the
Ptolemies ever made. (Museum der Alterthumrutu-
tensekafl, vol. 2, p. 105, ataa )
Adyshachid^, a maritime people of Africa, near
Egvpt. Ptolemy (lib. 4, e. 5) calls them Adyrmach-
ites, but Herodotus (4, 168), Pliny (5, 6), and Silius
Italicus (3, 279), make the name to be Adyrmachida;
("AriiYMMrtcJai). Hcnee, as Larcher observes (Histotrc
AHtrcxUHc, vol. 8, p. lO, Table Geogr. ), the text of
Ptolemy ought to be corrected by these authorities.
The Adyrmachida?
were driven into the interior of
the country when the Oreeks began to settle along the
coast.
-Ea, the city of King -. -Etes, said to have been situate
on the river Phasis in Colchis. The most probable
opinion is, that it existed only in the imaginations of
the poets. {Mannert, 4, 397. )
. Eaces, a tyrant of Samos, deprived of his tyranny
bv Aristagoras, B. C. 500. He fled to the Persians,
and induced the Samians to abandon the other Ionian*
in the sea-fight with the Persians. Ho was restored
by the Persians in the year B. C. 494. (Hcreilotus,
4. 138. )
. EacToes, I. a patronymic of the descendants of . Ea-
rns, such as Achilles, Peleus, Pyrrhus, ice. (Vtrg.
JBn. 1, 99, etc. ) The line of the . Eacida; is given
as follows: ^Eacus became the father of Telamon and
? ? Peleus by his wife Endeis. (Tzctzcs, ail Lycophr. , v.
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? &GM
JEGE
Christian emperor Constantino to philosophy, took ref-
uge in divination. An oracle in hexameter verse rep-
resented a pastoral life as his only retreat; but his dis-
ciples, perhaps calming his fears by a metaphorical in-
terpretation, compelled him to resume his instructions.
He settled at Pergamos, where he numbered among
his pupils the Emperor Julian. After the accession of
the latter to the imperial purple, he invited . Edesius to
continue his instructions, but the latter, being unequal
to the task through age, sent in his stead Chrysanthcs
and Euscbius, his disciples. (Eunap. , Vit. Aides. )
. (Edessa. Vvl. Edessa.
Ar. nn. v Vid. Philomela.
vEdui, a powerful nation of Gaul. Their confeder-
ation embraced all the tract of country comprehended
between the AUier, the middle Loire, and the Same,
and extending a little beyond this river towanls the
south. The proper capital was Bibrocte, and the sec-
ond city in importance Noviodunum. Tho political
influence of the . Edui extended-over the Manuubes or
Mandubii, whose chief city Alesia traced its origin to
the most ancient periods of Gaul, and passed for a
work of the Tyrian Hercules. (Dial. Sic, 4, 19. )
This same influence reached also the Ambarri, the In-
subres, and the Segusiani. The Biturigcs themselves,
who had been previously one of the most flourishing
nations of Gaul, were held by the iEdui in a condition
approaching that of subjects. (Thierry, Histmre ties
Gaulots, 2, 31. ) When Ca-sar came into Gaul, he
found that the . Edui, after having long contended with
the Arvcrni and Scquani for the supremacy in Gaul,
had been overcome by the two latter, who called
in Ariovistus and the Germans to their aid. The
arrival of the Roman commander soon changed the
aspect of affairs, and the . Edui were restored by the
Roman arms to the chief power in the country. They
became, of course, valuable allies for Cresar in his Gal-
lic conquests. Eventually, however, they embraced
the party of Vcrcingetorix against Rome; but, when
the insurcction was quelled, they were still favourably
treated on account of their former services. (Cas. , B.
G. , 1, 31, seqq. )
;EEta, oryfegTEs, king of Colchis, son of Sol, and
Perscis, the daughter of Occanus, was father of Medea,
Absyrtus, and Chalciopc, by Idyia, one of the Oceani-
des. He killed Phryxus, son 'of Athamas, who had
fled to his court on a golden ram. This murder he
committed to obtain the fleece of the golden ram. Tho
Argonauts came against Colchis, and recovered the
golden fleece by means of Medea, though it was guard-
ed by bulls that breathed fire, and by a venomous drag-
on. (Vtd. Jason, Medea, and Phryxus ) He was
afterward, according to Apollodorus, deprived of his
kingdom by his brother Perees, but was restored to it
by Medea, who had returned from Greece to Colchis.
(Apotlod. , I, 9, 28--Heune, ad ApMod. , I. c--Ov. ,
Mel, 7, 11, sCqq. ,&c. )
-. EetIab, . iEktis, and ^EetTxk, patronymic forms
from yEetes, used by Roman poets to designate his
daughter Medea. 'Ovid, Mel. , 7, 9, 296. )
vEqa. ViiI. Supplement.
&uje, I. a small town on the western coast of
Eubcea, southeast of^Edcpsus. It contained a tem-
ple sacred to Neptune, and was supposed to have giv-
en name to the ^Egean. (Strati. , 386. )--II. A city
of Macedonia, the same with Edessa--III. A town
of Achaia, near tho mouth of the Crathis. It appears
? ? lo have been abandoned eventually by its inhabitants,
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? ^E GE
final settled here, formed with them one people, under
the name of Elymi. In the course of time their num-
bers were still farther increased by the junction of
some wandering Achaei. This seems to have been the
generally-received idea among the Greeks, respecting
the origin of the Elymi and ^Egestsi. Its improba-
bility, however, is apparent even at first view. When
the Romans became masters of these parts, after the
tot Panic war, they readily adopted the current tra-
dition respecting the people of ^Egcsta, as well as the
Uta o/'anarfinity, through the line of . . Eneas, between
themselves and the latter, and the legend is interwoven
also with the subject of the JEne'ul (5,36, acqq. --Vid.
. ? ge<<tes). From the circumstance of the Romans
hiving recognised the affinity of the . ^Egestieans to
themselves, we find them styled, in the Duilian in-
scription. " the kinsmen of the Roman people. " COG-
SATl P. R. (Cmccomujf, tie Col. Rostr. Duil. , Lugd.
Bui. 1597. ) Cicero, too (in Verrcm. 4, 33), adopts
the current tradition of the day. "Whatever our opin-
ion may be relative to the various details of these le-
gends, one thing at least very clearly appears, which
i*. that --Egesta was not of Grecian origin. Thucyd-
iilei (7, 53). in enumerating the allies of Syracuse,
speaks of the people of Himora as forming the only
Grecian settlement on the northern coast of Sicily;
ami in another part (7, 57), expressly classes the
^gestzans among Barbarians (Bop6upuv 'Eycoroloi).
The origin of _Egesta, therefore, may be fairly as-
cribed to a branch of the Pelosgic race, the Trojans
themselves being of the same stock. (Vi(t. /Eneas. )
Pre-nuus to the arrival of the Romans in Sicily, the
_Ege<<aans were engaged in a long contest with the
inhabitants of Selinus. Finding themselves, however,
the weaker party, they solicited and obtained the aid
of Athens. The unfortunate issue of the Athenian
expedition against Syracuse compelled the ^Egesta;-
aai to look for new allies in the Carthaginians. These
came to their aid, and Selinus fell; but . lv. ;rst:i also
shared its fate, and the city remained under this new
control, until, for the purpose of regaining its freedom,
H espoused the cause of Agathocles. The change,
however, was for the worse; and the tyrant, offended
at their unwillingness to contribute supplies, murdered
a part of the inhabitants, drove the rest into exile, and
changed the name of the city to Diceopolis, settling in
it at the same time a body of deserters that had come
over to him. (Polyb. 2O, 71. ) The death of Agatho-
eies very probably restored the old name, and brought
back the surviving part of the former inhabitants, since
we find the appellation yEgesta reappearing in the
first Punic war (Polyb. 1, 24), and since the JEgestffi-
ana. daring that same conflict, after slaughtering a Car-
thaginian garrison which had been placed within their
nails, were able to declare themselves the kinsmen of
the Roman people. (Zonaraa,8,4. ) It was this pre-
tended affinity between the two communities that pre-
served JDgesta from oblivion after it had fallen be-
neath the Roman sway, and we find Pliny (3, 8) na-
ming the inhabitants amongthe number of those who
enjoyed the jut LtUinum. The ruins of the place are
found, at the present day, near the modem Alcamo.
(3ft*nert, 9, 2, 393, scqq. --Hoare's Classical Tour,
8,61. )
. EGKSTES, ^-Egestus, or, as Virgil writes it, Accstes, j
* tan of the river-god Crimisus, by a Trojan mother,
according1 to one account, while another makes both
bit parents to have been ofTrojan origin. Laomedon,
? ? it teems had given, the daughters of a distinguished
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? . CGI
JEGl
Sinnar, ad he. )--III. The earliest name for the coun-
try along the northern shore of the Peloponnesus.
(Vid. Achaia, III. )
. Ekialkus, son of Adrastus, by Amphithca, daugh-
ter of Pronax, and a member of the expedition led by
the Epigoni against Thebes. He was the only leader
slain in this war, as his father had been the only one
that survived the previous contest. (Vul. Epigoni. )
Compare the scholiast, ad Find. Pyth. 8, 08.
-EuTdks, a patronymic of Theseus. (Homer, II. I,
265. )
^Eoila, a town in Laconia, where Ceres had a tem-
ple. Aristomcnes, the Messenian leader, endeavoured
on one occasion to seize a party of Laconian females
who were celebrating here the rites of the goddess.
The attempt failed, through the courageous resistance
of the women, and Aristomcnes himself was taken
prisoner. He was released, however, the same night,
by Archidamca, the priestess of Ceres, who had before
this cherished an affection for him. She pretended
that he had burned off his bonds, by moving himself up
towards the fire, and remaining near enough to have
them consumed. (Paua. 4, 17. )
. Eoimius, a king of the Dorians, reigning at the
time in Thessaly, near the range of Pindus. (Hcyne,
ad Apollod. 2, 7, 7. ) He aided Hercules, according
to the Doric legend, in his contest with the Lapithc,
and received, as a reward, the territory from which
they were driven. (Apollotl. I. e. ) . Egimius is a con-
spicuous name among the founders of the Doric line,
and mention is made by the ancient writers of an epic
poem, entitled Aiytfitoe, which is ascribed by some to
Hesiod, by others to Cecrops the Milesian. (Hcyne,
I. c. ) The posterity of .
