No More Learning

, July
1848; lives in Shiocton, Wis. He began to write
when a mere child, contributing to periodicals
and magazines. He published in book form
the poems Brother and Lover) and (Grand-
mother's Garden (1887); and a story, John
Fielding and his Enemy) (1888). He wrote
the popular songs (Silver Threads among the
Gold) and (Only a Pansy-Blossom.
Reybaud, Marie Roch Louis (rā-bo'). A
French writer on social topics; born at Mar-
seilles, Aug. 15, 1799; died at Paris, Oct. 28,
1879. After traveling extensively, he settled in
Paris and devoted himself wholly to literature,
producing : (Stories of the Modern Reform-
ers or Socialists,' published in the Revue des
Deux Mondes from 1836-40, and which have
since passed through several editions in book
form ; Jérôme Paturot in Search of a Social
Position) (1843); Jérôme Paturot in Search of
the Best Republic) (1848); besides many ro-
mances, essays, and criticisms.
Reynolds, Frederic. An English dramatist;
born in Lime Street, London, Nov. 1, 1764 ;
died April 16, 1841. His first piece, (Werter,
founded on Goethe's novel, was produced in
1785; and later was reproduced many times,
and printed both in London and Dublin. His
second drama, Eloisa,' was played in 1786,
when he abandoned tragedy for comedy. His
first attempt, (The Dramatist! (1786), was very
successful. He produced in all nearly one
hundred plays, a novel, and two autobiograph-
ical volumes.
Reynolds, Sir Joshua. The great English
painter; was born at Plympton Earl's, Devon-
shire, July 16, 1723; died in London, Feb. 23,
1792. Although it is as a portrait-painter that
he is famous, it was his custom to deliver each
year at the Royal Academy (of which he was
president) a carefully prepared address on some
topic immediately connected with art; and
these addresses constitute the well-known (Dis.
courses of Sir Joshua Reynolds, fifteen in
number. He contributed also three essays to
The Idler; notes to Mason's translation of Du
Fresnoy's (Art of Painting); a few notes for
Dr. Johnson's edition of Shakespeare ; and notes
of his tour through Flanders in 1781.
Rhodes, Albert. An American descriptive
writer; born at Pittsburg, Pa. , Feb. I, 1840. He
has spent most of his time abroad in diplo-
matic employments and contributing to Amer-
ican, French, and English periodicals. His
published works include : Jerusalem as It Is)
(1867); «The French at Home) (1875); and
Monsieur at Home (1886).
Rhodes, James Ford. An American histo-
rian; born in Cleveland, O. , in 1848. He was
educated at the Universities of New York and
Chicago; spent some years in study abroad,
and engaged in business until 1891. He has
published two volumes of History of the
United States from the Compromise of 1850)
(Vol. ii. 1892). The work is a political his.
tory of the events growing out of the slavery
question, the Civil War, and the reconstruction
era, and will summarize the great debates that
took place, and bring into relief the men who
took part. *
Rhodes, William Barnes. An English dra.
matic writer; born Dec. 25, 1772; died Nov. I,
1826. He is famous as the author of a long
popular burlesque, Bombastes Furioso, pro-
duced anonymously at the Haymarket Theatre
in 1810, and published first at Dublin in 1813.
Since then it has passed through many edi-
tions. He also wrote (The Satires of Juvenal
Translated into English Verse) (1801), and
(Epigrams) (1803).
Rhys, John (ris). A Celtic philologist ; born
at Abercaero, Cardiganshire, Wales, June 21, 1840.
He has been professor of Celtic in Oxford since
1877, and is the author of Lectures on Welsh
Philology) (1877); (Celtic Britain) (1882);
(Studies in the Arthurian Legends) (1891); and
others.
Ribeiro, Bernardim (re-bācē'ro). A Portu-
guese poet; born at Tarrão, province of Alemtejo,
in 1486 (? ); died about 1550. He is a note-
worthy figure in Portuguese literature, having
been one of the men who introduced the Ital-
ian pastoral style that has ever since prevailed
in Portugal. Of his works there are
extant five idyls, a pastoral romance in prose,
Menina e Moça' (first edition, 1554), and a
number of lyrics in the style of the older poets
of Portugal. Editions of his (Works) have
appeared in 1645, 1785, and 1852.
Ribeiro, Thomaz Antonio Fereiro. A Por-
tuguese poet and politician; born at Parada de
Gonta (Beira), July I, 1831. He has taken high
rank among the present-day poets of Spain by
his patriotic and exquisite poem Jaime) (1861).
Among his other works may be mentioned two
collections of poems: "Passing Tones) (1854),
and Even-Songs) (1858); a poetic recital,
Delfino) (1868); two books of travel, (From
Tejo to Mondovi' (1864), and Among the
Palms) (1864).
Ricardo, David. An English political econ-
omist; born in London, April 19, 1772; died at
Gatcomb Park, Gloucestershire, Sept. 11, 1823.
He stands next to Adam Smith (whose ideas
he developed and systematized) in the British
free-trade school of political science, and his
DOW
(


## p. 457 (#473) ############################################

RICCOBINI – RICHARDSON
457
writings have exerted a vast influence upon all
theories of political economy. It has been said
that Adam Smith was like the first explorer of
a new country, who gives a good description of
its general appearance, but omits much and
mistakes much; while Ricardo was the first to
draw an accurate map of it. After making his
fortune in the Stock Exchange in London, he
retired to devote himself to the study of math-
ematics, chemistry, etc. The first result of his
studies was a tract entitled (The High Price
of Bullion a Proof of the Depreciation of Bank-
Notes) (1809). In 1817 appeared his most im-
portant work, (The Principles of Political
Economy and Taxation. Its leading feature
was the theory of rent, now universally accepted,
- that it represents the surplus earning power
of better or more favorably situated land over
that just good enough to be worth utilizing.
Many of its other novel conceptions are now
commonplaces. He published in addition a
number of essays on economics. His Works)
were edited by MacCulloch (1846). His "Let-
ters to Malthus) were published in 1887.
Riccobini, Antoine François (rik-Õ-bē'nē).
An Italian dramatic writer and actor, son of
Luigi; born at Mantua; died at Paris in 1772.
He wrote: “The Slave Comedians) (1726);
(Amusements in Fashion (1732); and an in-
genious work called "Theatrical Art) (1750).
Riccobini, Luigi. An Italian dramatist and
descriptive writer; born in Modena in 1675;
died in Paris in 1733. He published: (His-
tory of the Italian Theatre) (1728–31); (The
Comedies and Genius of Molière) (1736); (Re-
flections on the Theatres of Europe) (1738-50);
and several others.
Riccobini, Marie Jeanne Laboras de Mé-
zières. A French actress and novelist, wife
of Antoine François; born at Paris in 1713;
died there, 1792. She did not succeed upon
the stage, and turned to the production of the
sentimental novel with no little success. Her
first work was the remarkable Marquis de
Cressy) (1758). This was followed by The
Letters of Julia Catesby) (1759); Ernestine)
(1770-98), considered by many her master-
piece; (The Letters of Sophie de Vallière)
(1772); and a number of others.
Rice, George Edward. An American verse-
writer; born in Boston, July 10, 1822; died at
Roxbury, Mass. , Aug. 10, 1861 or 1863. His pub-
lications include: An Old Play in a New
Garb) (1852), a fanciful adaptation of (Ham-
let); Ephemera) (1852), poems, written in
conjunction with John Howard Wainwright;
(Myrtilla: A Fairy Extravaganza' (1853);
(Blondel; A Historic Fancy) (1854); and (Nu-
gamenta' (1859), a book of verse.
Rice, Harvey. An American poet; born at
Conway, Mass. , June 11, 1800; died 1891. He
removed to Cleveland, opened a classical school,
and purchased a newspaper, which he issued
thereafter as the Plaindealer. He has been a
frequent contributor to many periodicals, and
in addition has published: (Mount Vernon
and Other Poems) (1864); Nature and Cult.
ure) (1875); Pioneers of the Western Re-
serve) (1882); (Select Poems) (1885); (Sketches
of Western Life) (1888); and (The Founder of
the City of Cleveland. ?
Rice, James. An English novelist; born at
Northampton, Sept. 26, 1843; died in London,
April 25, 1882. His reputation was well assured
by the publication of (Ready-Money Mortiboy)
(1872), the first of the series of clever novels
which he issued in conjunction with Walter
Besant. It was subsequently dramatized under
the title of (Ready Money. This remarkable
partnership continued with (The Golden But-
terfly) (1876), «The Chaplain of the Fleet)
(1879), (The Seamy Side) (1881), and several
others. Previous to the partnership he had
published (History of the British Turf) (1879).
* See (Walter Besant) in this Library.
Richards, Alfred Bate. An English journal-
ist and dramatist; born at Baskerville House,
Worcestershire, Feb. 17, 1820; died at London,
June 12, 1876. He produced many tragedies,
among them being : "Crcesus, King of Lydia);
several volumes of poems, including "Death
and the Magdalen) (1846); (The Dream of the
Soul (1848); and one novel, “So Very Human)
(1871), the title being suggested by a chance
phrase of Charles Dickens. In his (Britain
Redeemed and Canada Preserved) (1848), he
foreshadowed, thirty years before its construc-
tion, the inter-oceanic railway between the At-
lantic and the Pacific.
Richards, Laura Elizabeth. An American
writer of juvenile books, daughter of Julia Ward
Howe; born in Massachusetts in 1850. She
has published a great number of children's
books, among them being : (Five Mice) (1880);
(Our Baby's Favorite) (1881); (Tell-Tale from
Hill and Dale) (1886); and (Toto's Merry Win-
ter) (1887).
Richardson, Mrs. Abby Sage. An American
lecturer and writer on literary topics; born in
1835. Her publications include: "Stories from
Old English Poetry) (1871); 'The History of
Our Country to 1876) (1876); (Familiar Talks
on English Literature (1881); “Old Love Let-
ters) (1883); Abelard and Heloise : A Medi.
æval Romance (1884); and others.
Richardson, Albert Deane. An American
journalist; born in Franklin, Mass. , Oct. 6, 1833;
died in New York city, Dec. 2, 1869. He was
famous as the war correspondent of the New
York Tribune during the Civil War, and was
imprisoned with others for eighteen months as
a result of their undertaking to run the bat-
teries of Vicksburg on two barges. The result
of his experiences was the work : (The Field,
the Dungeon, and the Escape) (1865). He
also wrote : Beyond the Mississippi) (1866), and
(A Personal History of Ulysses S. Grant' (1868).
A collection of his miscellaneous writings was
published by his wife, Abby Sage Richardson,
under the title of (Garnered Sheaves) (1871).
)


## p. 458 (#474) ############################################

458
RICHARDSON - RIDPATH
asm.
(
:
Richardson, Samuel. An English novelist;
born in Derbyshire in 1689; died July 4, 1761.
He is England's first (novelist. All of his
books are in the form of letters, long and sen-
timental. His best-known novels are : 'Clarissa
Harlowe (1748); Pamela (1740); and a con-
tinuation (1741). (Sir Charles Grandison) fol.
lowed in 1754. His Correspondence,' edited by
Anna Lætitia Barbauld, appeared in 1804. *
Richardt, Christian Ernst (rish'ärt). A
Danish poet; born in Copenhagen, May 25,
1831 ; died in 1893. His poems are noted for
religious depth, delicacy, and patriotic enthusi-
He is considered first among the later
lyrical poets of Denmark. His first book was
(Deklarationen (1851), a comedy, followed by
(Short Poems) (1861); Pictures and Songs
(1874); (Fifty Poems) (1878); (Spring and Au-
tumn' (1884); and Miscellaneous Poems) (1891).
He also wrote a tragic musical drama, (King
and Constable) (1878).
Richebourg, Jules Emile (rēsh-börg'). A
French novelist; born April 23, 1833; died
Jan. 25, 1898. He produced a number of light
verses and comedies before devoting his at-
tention seriously to romances. Since 1858 he
has produced a great number of novels of ad-
venture, intrigue, and passion, which have found
great favor among the masses in France.
Among them may be named : (The Man with
the Black Spectacles) (1864); (The Veiled
Lady) (1875); (The Beautiful Organist) (1876);
(Father Raclot's Million) (1889); Cinderella)
(1892); and (Winter Tales) (1892).
Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis (rēsh-
lyė'). The French duke and cardinal, and
statesman ; born in Paris, Sept. 5, 1585; died
there, Dec. 4, 1642. As prime minister of
France he exercised a great influence upon its
history, externally and internally, and took
great interest in literature and art, enlarging
the Sorbonne and the royal library, and giving
encouragement to scholars, poets, and artists.
He dabbled in literature himself to some ex-
tent, writing (Miriam' and The Great Pastoral. ?
His "Letters, Diplomatic Instructions, etc. , were
edited by Avenel (1853-68). Other works
credited to him are of doubtful authenticity.
Richepin, Jean (rēsh-pan'). A French poet,
dramatist, and novelist; born at Médéah, Al-
giers, Feb. 4, 1849. He first attracted attention
by his volume of poems (The Song of the
Beggar' (1876), which sent him to prison, where
he wrote Curious Deaths) (1887). A most
prolific and audacious writer, he is faithful to
his principles, or the lack of them, in all his
works. They include: Caresses) (1877), 'Blas-
phemies) (1884), and "The Sea! (1886), in
verse; Mme. André) (1874); Brave Men)
(1888); (The Cadet) (1890); the dramas (Mon-
sieur Scapin) (1886), «The Filibuster) (1888),
and (By the Sword (1892).
Richmond, Legh. An English religious
writer; born at Liverpool, Jan. 29, 1772 ; died
at Turvey, Bedfordshire, May 8, 1827. He was
the author of three famous tales of village life,
circulated as tracts in many languages. They
are entitled : (The Dairyman's Daughter,' (The
Negro Servant,' and (The Young Cottager,' and
were printed under the title of (Annals of the
Poor' (1814). He also edited (The Fathers of
the English Church' (1807-11).
Richter, Jean Paul Friedrich (rich'ter ).
The celebrated German satirist, philosopher,
and humorist; born at Wunsiedel, Bavaria,
March 21, 1763; died at Bayreuth, Nov. 14,
1825. He is one of the great humorists of
modern German literature, but disregards lit-
erary form. His first noteworthy production
was the novel (The Invisible Lodge) (1793), fol.
lowed by Hesperus! (1795); Biographical
Recreations under the Cranium of a Giantess)
(1796); (The Life of Quintus Fixlein) (1796);
(Flower, Fruit, and Thorn Pieces) (1797); (The
Jubilating Senior) (1797); (The Country Val-
ley) (1797); (Titan (1803); (Wild Oats (1804);
(Introduction to Æsthetics) (1805), his first
philosophical attempt, and regarded by many
as the culmination of his genius; and Levana,
or Pedagogics) (1807). *
Riddell, Charlotte Eliza Lowson (Mrs.
J. H. ) A popular English novelist; born about
1837. She published several of her early nov-
els under the name of “F. G. Trafford. Her
many books include : George Geith) (1864);
(The Race for Wealth) (1866); (Far Above
Rubies) (1867); (Austin Friars) (1870); (The
Ruling Passion) (1876); (The Senior Part-
ner) (1881); (The Struggle for Fame) (1883);
Miss Gascoigne (1887); and (Idle Tales!
(1888).
Ridderstad, Karl Fredrik (rid'er-städ). A
Swedish novelist and poet; born in Södermann-
land in 1807; died in 1886. He was a member
of the Riksdag, and famous for his eloquence
and patriotism. He is the author of several
historical romances, the best of which are
(The Halberdier) and (The Prince); a num-
ber of novels in imitation of Eugène Sue,
including (Mysteries of Stockholm) and (The
Black Hand); and many lyrics, in which line
he was most successful.
Rideing, William Henry. An English-
American miscellaneous writer; born in Liver-
pool, Feb. 17, 1853, now a resident of New
York. His books include: Pacific Railways
Illustrated' (1878); A-Saddle in the Wild
West) (1879); (Stray Moments with Thack-
eray) (1880); (Boys in the Mountains) (1882);
(A Little Upstart) (1885); (The Boyhood of
Living Authors) (1887); (In the Land of Lorna
Doone); 'The Captured Cunarder); and others.
Ridpath, John Clark. An American his-
torian and educator; born in Putnam County,
Ind. , April 26, 1840.
Among his numerous
writings are: Academic History of the United
States) (1875); (Grammar-School History of
the United States) (1876); Popular History
of the United States) (1877); "Inductive Gram-
mar of the English Language) (1879); Life


## p. 459 (#475) ############################################

RIEHL - RIPLEY
459
>
(
and Works of Garfield (1881); History of
the World) (1885); (Christopher Columbus:
The Epoch, the Man, and the Work) (1890);
(Great Races of Mankind (1892); and (The
Epic of Life,' a poem (1894).
Riehl, Wilhelm Heinrich (rēl). A German
historian, novelist, and publicist; born at Bieb-
rich on the Rhine, May 6, 1823; died Nov. 16,
1897. He is the author of a number of excel-
lent historical and ethnological works, and of
a number of novels based upon his studies in
these directions. The most prominent of his
works are : (Natural History of the People as
the Foundation of the National Policy' (1851-
69); “Die Pfälzer) (1857); “Studies of the Civ-
ilization of Three Centuries) (1859); “Enigmas
of Life) (1888); and (From the Corner) (1890).
Riemer, Friedrich Wilhelm (re'mer). A
German littérateur; born at Glatz in Silesia,
April 19, 1774; died at Weimar, Dec. 19, 1845.
The most important of his publications is
a 'Greek-German Dictionary-Manual (1802-4).
His close association with Goethe in Weimar,
where he was for some time the instructor of
Goethe's son, gave him a poetic bent, and he
published (Leaves and Flowers) (1816), under
the pseudonym of “Sylvio Romano)); and
under his own name, 'Poems) (1826). He also
brought out "Correspondence between Goethe
and Zelter) (1833).
Riethmüller, Christopher James (rēt'mül-
ler). An English poet and novelist; born in
18–. His published works include: (Launce-
lot of the Lake) (1843), a tragedy; “Teuton: A
Poem) (1861); Frederic Lucas: A Biography)
(1862); (Alexander Hamilton and his Contem-
poraries) (1864); (Three Legends of the Early
Church' (1867); Adventures of N. Brooke)
(1877); Julian the Apostate (1883); and many
others.
Riis, Jacob August (rēs). A New York
writer on social topics; born in Denmark, 1849.
He has written : (How the Other Half Lives);
(The Children of the Poor); and Nibsy's
Christmas. He is very active in charitable
movements in New York, and constantly writ-
ing in their interest for magazines and peri-
odicals.
Riley, James Whitcomb. An American
poet ; born at Greenfield, Ind. , about 1853. In
1875 he began to contribute to local papers
verses in the Hoosier dialect, and latterly he
has published numerous dialect and serious
poems in magazines. His collected works in-
clude: (The Old Swimmin' Hole and 'Leven
More Poems (1883); (The Boss Girl and
Other Sketches) (1886); (Afterwhiles) (1888);
(Pipes o' Pan at Zekesbury) (1889); (Green
Fields and Running Brooks) (1893); Poems
Here at Home); and (Armazindy: A Child
World. *
Ring, Bernard Jacques Joseph Maximilien
de (rang). A French archæologist; born at
Bonn, Rhenish Prussia, May 27, 1799; died at
Bischleim, Alsace, in 1875. He devoted him-
self from his sixteenth year to the study of
archæology, and published Picturesque Views
of the Old Castles of Baden) (1829); "Celtic
Settlement in Southern Germany) (1842); (Ro.
man Settlement of the Rhine to the Danube)
(1852-53), crowned by the French Academy;
and History of the Opiques People: Their
Legislation, Customs, and Language) (1859).
Ring, Max (ring). A German novelist; born
at Sauditz, Silesia, Aug. 4, 1817. He has pro-
duced a great number of novels, notably (The
Children of God) (1851); ( The Great Elector
and the Alderman) (1851); (The Lost Race
(1867); (The Friends of the Soul) (1871);
"Chains of Gold) (1881); Victory of Love)
(1886); and (Seekers and Strivers) (1888).
Rinuccini, Ottavio (re-no-che'nē). An Ital.
ian poet and gentleman; born at Florence in
1565; died in 1621. His pastoral (Daphne' was
put to music and rendered with great success;
and his second pastoral, (Eurydice,' was rep-
resented at the marriage of Marie de' Medici
and Henry IV. , and published in 1600. A later
lyric drama, (Ariadne at Naxos,' is superior
to his former productions. His poetry was col.
lected and published in 1622.
Rioja, Francisco de (re-o'rä). A Spanish
poet; born at Seville about 1585; died at Madrid,
Aug. 8, 1659. He was a great scholar, librarian
of the royal library and Chronicler of Castile.
He was regarded as one of the best poets of
his time; and although his poetry is not great,
it is distinguished by beauty of form, delicacy
of style, and deep feeling for nature. His best-
known work is (Epístola Moral á Fabio, full
of sound advice regarding the superiority of a
quiet and unassuming life. He wrote many
sonnets under the titles of (To Riches, (To
Poverty,' (To the Spring, (To the Rose,' and
(Silvas. His Poems, with extensive biography,
were published in 1867, and additions in 1872.
Riordan, Roger. An Irish-American jour-
nalist; born in 1848. He now resides in New
York city, and has published: A Score of
Etchings) (1883); and (Sunrise Stories: A
Glance at the Literature of Japan.
Ripley, George. An American scholar and
editor ; born at Greenfield, Mass. , Oct. 3, 1802 ;
died in New York city, July 4, 1880. His vent.
ures along literary lines are almost too numer-
to mention. He was the founder and
editor of the Dial, and contributed to many
journals; was one of the projectors of Brook
Farm, and a transcendentalist, - writing articles
which covered the whole ground of philosoph-
ical speculation. He was long the literary
critic of the New York Tribune, and one of
the most noted reviewers of his time. He left
no extended work, and will be remembered
rather as a promoter of learning. In 1838 ap-
peared his first two volumes of Foreign Stand-
ard Literature,' a series of fourteen in all, which
exerted great influence upon the educated mind
of New England. They were entitled Philo.
sophical Miscellanies. '
Ous
a


## p. 460 (#476) ############################################

460
RISHANGER - ROBERTHIN
wars.
Rishanger, William. An English monk of
St. Alban's, and chronicler ; born about 1250 ;
died about 1312.
He rekindled the desire
among monks for composing chronicles,-a
desire which had almost died out in his day.
His most important writing is the Narratio de
Bellis apud Lewes et Evesham (Account of
the Fights at Lewes and Evesham), with an
autobiographical sketch forming part of the
manuscript. It extends from 1258 to 1267, and
gives with vigor, picturesque detail, and polit-
ical insight, an excellent account of the barons'
Several other works are accredited to
him; but their authenticity is doubtful, with
the exception of the short chronicle (Quædem
Recapitulatio Brevis de Gestis Domini Edwardi
(Short Account of the Acts and Sayings of
King Edward).
Ritchie, Mrs. Anna Cora (Mowatt). An
American novelist and dramatist; born (Og-
den) in Bordeaux, France, in 1822; died in
1870. She came in early life to New York.
A once popular actress, she retired from the
stage in 1854, and devoted herself to the pro-
duction of romances and dramas, with no little
success. Some of her books have been pub-
lished under the pseudonyms of ( Isabel
and «Helen Berkley. ” They include: “The
Fortune-Hunter) (1842); «The Mute Singer);
(Fashion, a comedy (1847), which was very
popular; Evelyn' (1845); The Autobiography
of an Actress) (1854), the best-known and
most popular of her productions; (Mimic Life)
(1855); Fairy Fingers) (1865); (The Clergy-
man's Wife) (1867); and others.
Ritchie, Anne Isabelle (Thackeray. ) An
English miscellaneous writer, daughter of Will-
iam Makepeace Thackeray; born in London
in 1838. Among her writings are : (Old Ken-
sington (1873); “Toilers and Spinsters) (1873);
Bluebeard's Keys) (1874); Miss Angel?
(1875); (Mme. de Sévigné) (1881); “Records of
Tennyson, Ruskin, and Browning' (1892); Lord
Tennyson and his Friends) (1893); and with
R. Evans, Lord Amherst and the British Ad-
vance Eastward to Burma) (1894). *
Ritson, Joseph. An English antiquary and
scholar; born at Stockton-on-Tees, Oct. 2, 1752 ;
died at Hoxton, Sept. 3, 1803. He devoted
many years to antiquarian researches, and ed-
ited a vast number of reprints of old and rare
books. His own works include: (Observa-
tions on Warton's History of English Poetry)
(1782); (Ancient Songs from the Time of King
Henry III. to the Revolution) (1790); (A Col-
lection of Scottish Songs) (1794); "Robin Hood
Ballads) (1795); (Bibliographia Poetica' (1802);
(Ancient English Metrical Romances) (1802);
and many others.
Ritter, Frédéric Louis. An American musi-
cian; born in Strasburg, Alsace, 1834; died in
1891. He came to the United States in 1856,
and soon made a reputation both here and
abroad as a writer on musical topics. Besides
many articles in English, French, and German
periodicals, he published: (A History of Music
in the Form of Lectures) (1870–74); Music in
England (1883); (Music in America' (1883);
Manual of Musical History' (1886); and Mu-
sical Dictation' (1888).
Ritter, Heinrich (rit'ter). A German phi.
losopher; born at Zerbst in 1791; died in 1869.
He owes his literary fame to his profound
works on the history of philosophy. The most
important of them are : "On the Education of
the Philosopher through the History of Philos-
ophy) (1817); (Introductory Lectures to Logic
(1823); "History of Philosophy) (1829-53); “On
the Relation between Philosophy and Scientific
Life in General (1835); and (Encyclopædia
of Philosophic Science) (1862-63).
Rivarol, Antoine (re-vä-ről'). A French
satirist and publicist; born at Bagnols, Langue-
doc, near 1754 ; died at Berlin, April 13, 1801.
He was one of the most brilliant wits of the
eighteenth century. His first work of import-
ance, the discourse (On the Universality of
the French Language,' took the prize at the
Academy of Berlin in 1784. His "Little Alma.
nac of our Great Men) (1788), a volume of
satires against authors of his day, and a free
translation of Dante's Inferno,' were both par-
ticularly successful. He also wrote a Diction-
ary of the French Language, and Letters to
the Duke of Brunswick. His Works) ap-
peared in 1808.
Rives, Amélie. See Troubetzkoi.
Rivet, Gustave (ré-vā'). A French littéra.
teur; born at Domène (Isère), Jan. 25, 1848.
He has written a number of dramas, some of
which have appeared on the French stage.
His writings include : Lost Voices) (1874),
poems; Victor Hugo at Home) (1878); (The
Punishment) (1879), a drama; Marie Tou-
chet) (1881), a drama; and “The Quest of
Paternity) (1890).
Rivière, Henri-Laurent (riv-yår'). A
French marine officer and littérateur; born in
Paris, July 12, 1827; killed in Anam, May 20,
1883. He acquired a speedy popularity by two
simple tales, ' Pierrot) (1860), and "Cain) (1870).
Ile afterward produced many stories, com-
edies, and works of a more serious character,
among them being : (The French Navy under
Louis XV. (1859); ( The Possessed One) (1863);
(The Journal of a Marine (1806); (The Up-
start) (1869); (Adventures of Three Friars!
(1875); (M. Margerie) (1875); and (The New
Caledonia) (1880)
Robert of Gloucester. An English chron-
icler, living at the time of the battle of Eves-
ham (1265). He is remarkable for a metrical
chronicle of England, from the time of the
fabulous Brutus to his own, based chiefly upon
Geoffrey of Monmouth's book. It extends to
ten thousand lines, and is one of the earliest
epics of the English language. It was printed
by Thomas Hearne in 1724.
Roberthin, Robert (rob-arºten). A German
poet; born at Königsberg in 1600; died there,
>


## p. 461 (#477) ############################################

ROBERTS-ROBINSON
461
(
April 7, 1648. He published his graceful songs,
copies of which have become very rare, under
the anagram of “Berintho. ) His principal work
was (Songs and Airs, Religious and Secular)
(1638-50). His poems have also been incor-
porated in volumes on German poets, etc.
Roberts, Anna S. An American poet; born
in Philadelphia in 1827; died in 1858. She
published a book of poems entitled (Forest
Flowers of the West) (1851), the most notable
of which are: (The Old Mansion, (Two Por-
traits, (The Unsealed Fountain,' and (A Vis-
ion.
Roberts, Charles George Douglas. A Ca-
nadian poet; born in Douglas, N. B. , Jan. 10,
1860. He is an earnest advocate of Canadian
nationalism, and such of his poetical compo-
sitions as relate to this and other distinctly
Canadian subjects are particularly excellent.
He has published: (Orion, and Other Poems)
(1880), and (In Divers Tones) (1887); and has
edited (Poems of Wild Life) in the series of
Canterbury Poets) (1888). In 1897 appeared
his (History of Canada. *
Roberts, Emma. An English descriptive and
verse writer ; born in 1794; died in Poonah,
India, Sept. 16, 1846. She lived in India much
of her life, devoting herself closely to literature
and journalism. Among her many books may
be named : (Memoirs of the Rival Houses of
York and Lancaster) (1827); (Oriental Scenes,
Sketches, and Tales) (1832), a volume of po-
etry; "Scenes and Characteristics of Hindostan)
(1835); (The East India Voyager) (1839); and
(Hindostan, its Landscapes, Palaces, etc. (1845-
47).
Roberts, Margaret. A Welsh novelist and
miscellaneous writer; born at Honyngs, North
Wales, in 1833. She has lived much in Italy,
France, and Germany, and wrote her first book
in Italian, with the exception of the last chap-
ter. Most of her books have been published
anonymously. They include: Mademoiselle
Mori? (1860); (Denise) (1863); Madame Fon-
tenoy' (1864); (On the Edge of the Storm)
(1868); Margaret Woodward (1877); “Gram-
mar of the French Language) (1882); (In the
Olden Time) (1883); “Hester's Venture ) (1886);
(Under a Cloud' (1888); and many others.
Roberts, Samuel. An English author and
pamphleteer; born at Sheffield, April 18, 1763 ;
died there, July 24, 1848. He was known as
the Pauper's Advocate, and is the author of
an immense number of books, pamphlets, and
broadsheets, dealing with all that he considered
unjust or tyrannical. His principal works are :
(Tales of the Poor) (1813); (The Blind Man
and his Son (1816); (Defence of the Poor
Laws) (1819); Life of Queen Mary) (1822);
(The Gipsies: Their Origin, Continuance, and
Destination (1836); and (Milton Unmasked)
(1844). His (Autobiography and Select Re-
mains) were published in 1849.
Robertson, Frederick William. An English
clergyman; born in London, Feb. 3, 1816; died
at Brighton, Aug. 15, 1853. His fame rests upon
the series of sermons which he delivered at
Trinity Chapel, Brighton. His writings and
biography have been reprinted in the United
States, and widely read, and have exerted great
influence in liberalizing religious thought. His
works were collected and published after his
death under the titles (Sermons Preached at
Trinity Chapel, Brighton (1855-64); "Lectures
and Addresses on Literary and Social Topics)
(1858); 'Expository Lectures on St. Paul's Epis-
tles to the Corinthians) (1859); and Notes on
Genesis) (1877). *
Robertson, James Burton. An English his.
torian; born in London, Nov. 15, 1800; died in
Dublin, Feb. 14, 1877. He studied literature,
philosophy, and the elements of dogmatic the-
ology, in France; and after various preliminary
essays, published a translation of Frederick
Schlegel's Philosophy of History) (1835), which
passed through many editions. His second trans-
lation, (Symbolism, or Exposition of Doctrinal
Differences between Catholics and Protestants)
(1843), was also widely read in both England
and America, and created a profound impres-
sion. His original writings include: Public
Lectures on Some Subjects of Ancient and
Modern History) (1859); Lectures on Some
Subjects of Modern History and Biography
(1864); and many others.
Robertson, Thomas William. An English
actor and dramatist; born at Newark-on-Trent,
Jan. 9, 1829; died in London, Feb. 3, 1871. His
first play was (A Night's Adventure (1851);
and after its production he settled in London,
and devoted himself to play-writing. Several
of his dramas were very successful : the best
known are (David Garrick) (1864) and (Caste)
(1868). Other successful ones are: (Society)
(1865); (Ours) (1866); (School (1869);' Dreams)
(1869); and M. P. (1870).
Robertson, William. A Scotch historian;
born at Borthwick, Midlothian, Sept. 19, 1721;
died at Grange House, near Edinburgh, June
II, 1793. Although ranked with Gibbon and
Hume while he lived, and enjoying great pop-
ularity, his writings are now but little read. He
is the author of many books, chief among which
are : (History of Scotland during the Reigns
of Mary and James VI. (1758–59); History of
the Reign of the Emperor Charles V. (1769);
History of America) (1777); and Historical
Disquisition concerning the Knowledge which
the Ancients had of India (1791).
Robinson, Agnes Mary Frances. See
Darmesteter.
Robinson, Charles Seymour. An American
clergyman and hymnologist; born at Benning-
ton, Vt. , March 31, 1829. He is famed as a
collector of hymns and tunes used in the Pres.