No More Learning

Columke,
lib.
xxix. , p. 357, and n. 27, pp. , 383, 384. Also, Quarta Appendix ad Acta S. Columbse, cap. x. , num. 93, p. 492.
5 See his Life, in this volume, at the 9th of
ii. , cap. xvi. , p. 354,
June 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 125 ArticleIX. —St. MochuaCicheach. Anentryoccurs,intheMartyr-
Article X. —Feast of the Translation of St. Patrick's Relics. At the 4th of June, the Bollandists * notice from a Manuscript in their possession, the Translation of St. Patrick's Relics as a recorded feast. They refertothe16thofMarch,afterthesamememorandum. Tothatdate,also,
2
the readers of this work are referred, for observations which it contains.
Article XI. —St. Cassan, or Cassain, of Donnoughmore. Much uncertainty prevails, regarding this holy man. On the 4th of June, the
ology
Tallagh,
1 atthe4thof MochualCichech. Aclerical June, regarding
of
errorofonelettermayherebedetected. Morecorrectlyisthissaint'sname entered, in a later Calendar. There, on this day was venerated, Mochua Cicheach,2 as recorded, in the Martyrology of Donegal. 3 This appears to be the St. Daluanus of Craoibheach,* also called Mo-luanus, entered by the Bollandists, 5 at the 4th of June. They state, that he had possibly another festival, for the 5th of October, when if further light were thrown on his Acts, they might again recur to him.
* insertsthenameof moirPetair. Cassain, Domnaigh
of
It seems to have been Colgan's intention, to have published tne Acta of this St. Cassan, at the same date, as we find the name on his posthumous list of saints. 2 The Bollandists 3 record, at this date, Cassanus with Columbanus and other saints, on the authority of Joceline. 4 If he be the same, we must regard him as a disciple of St. Patrick ; and Colgan refers his feast to this date. 5 He is supposed, however, to have been the master of St. Senan,6 AbbotofIniscathy,inanotherpassageofColgan. 7 Thisday,also,afestival,in honour of Cassan, a is set down in the of 8 It
Martyrology
Tallagh
priest, Martyrology Donegal.
is stated, that he belonged to the race of Laeghaire,? son to Niall of the Nine
10 Hostages.
In the Acts of St. Patrick, this saint is called a Pres- Cassan,
byter
Magh-Echnach. disciples. Joceline
holy Apos-
of
Domnachmor,
in
11 Hewasoneofthe
has been careiul to rescue his name from
tle's favourite 12
oblivion,^ and that writer enumerates him among several other religious
1 priests.
*
Article IX. —* Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxvi.
* See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Sexta Vita S. Patricii. cap. xciii. , p. 86.
2 A note Rev. Dr. Reeves
Cich- pap,'
5 See n. ibid. ,
each "An
:
by epithet
says, derivedfromcic'a
104, p. 113. 6SeehisLifeintheThirdVolumeofthis
and signifying, 'of the breasts. '"
3 Edited by Rev. Drs. Todd and Reeves,
work, Art. i. , at the 8th of March. —
7 A certain Cassidus, or Cassidanus con- j—ectured to have been Cassianus or Cassinus is mentioned as the who instructed
pp. 146, 147.
4 He
maturga," Vita Septima S. Patricii, pars ii. , cap. xii. , p. 131, and n. 40, p. 174.
5 See "Acta Sanctorum," Junii iv. ,
tomus i. Among the pretermitted feasts, p. p. 525. Vita Secunda S. Senani, cap. xi. ,
is noticed in
"
Trias Thau-
Abbot,
St. Senan, Abbot of Iniscathy. See
374-
Article x. — '
Junii iv. , tomus i. saints, p. 373.
See "Acta Sanctorum," Among the pretermitted
p. 527-
8 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
146,147.
9 The exploits of this monarch are treated
of, in Dr. Sylvester O'Halloran's " General
2 See the Third Volume.
Articlexi. —• Kelly, xxvi.
Edited
by
Rev. Dr.
of vol. book Ireland," ii. ,
Colgan's
" Sanctorum Hibernian," Martii viii. Vita me-
2 See "
MS. habentur, ordine Mensium et Die- chap, v. , pp. 293 to 299.
Catalogus
Actuum Sanctorum
,0 See an account of
him, ibid. ,
quae
mm. "
3 See "Acta Sanctorum," Junii iv. ,
tomus i. Among the pretermitted saints, P- 374.
,
trica S. Senani, cap, ix. , p. 516, and n. 7,
History
chap. i. to v. , pp. I to33-
viii. ,
book vi.
"See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Septima Vita S. Patricii, pars ii. , cap. ix. , lii. , pp. 130, 136, and nn. 33, 108, pp. 174, 177-
Acta
126 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[June 4.
Article XII. —The Feast of St. Apollinarus and of his Com-
panions. We find noticed, in the "Feilire" of St. 1 at the of ^Engus, 4th
June, a feast for St. Apollinarus and his companions, who appear to have been martyrs. However, neither in the great Bollandist collection, nor in any other Martyrology or Calendar, are we able to discover authority for the feast, at this date.
Article XIII. —Feast of St. Martin's Translation. Such a feast
""
is entered, at this date, in the Feilire of St. ^Engus, and it probably has
referencetoSt. Martin,BishopofTours. HisLifehasbeenwritten,bymany
ancient 1 and modern authors. 2 The chief festival for this holy man has been
constantly celebrated on the nth of November^ and, not only was he held
in great veneration throughout France, but also in the ancient Church of
Ireland, owing to his supposed relationship with our great Irish Apostle St. Patrick. + St. Martin was born at Sabaria,s at present called Stinemanger, in
Lower Hungary. His parents were pagans, and his birth was in the year
6 or before Easter in the eleventh 316, 317.
year
the Great. 7 He became a Christian, but by an imperial decree, he was
obliged to enter the army. Having an evident vocation for the religious state, when he obtained leave to retire from military service, Martin sought St.
8 who became
Poitiers, about a. d. 360. There, he built a monastery, about two leagues from
in
was ordained an exorcist, and after a visit to Pannonia, he returned to
Hilary,
Bishop
of
Poitiers,
353,
the at a city,
called now known as 10 In the
Locociagum,^
year 371, he was chosen successor to St. Litorius,
nus. — Article xii.
'
ChronologieetdesNotes, tomex. ,p. 309; In the "Leabhar "Gallia Christiana," tome xiv. , col. 6.
Breac "
the stanza runs as follows with
" Histoire Literaire de la France," tome
place
Liguge.
as the third Bishop of
12 "
See ibid. Quinta Appendix ad Acta S. Patricii, cap. xxiii. , p. 266.
13 See ibid. Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. xciii. , cxliv. , pp. 86, 96, and nn. 104, 153. pp. 113, 115.
St. Gregory of Tours, in his Historia Fran-
corum," lib. i. and x. , has an account of
him, as likewise in his work on the Virtues
and Miracles of St. Martin, in Four Books.
14Another
has been assigned to St. Cassan or Cassia-
"Memoires al'HistoireEcclesias- pourservir
tique des six premiers Siecles, avec unc "
feast,
at the
of
5th August,
copy,
the English translation, by Whitley Stokes, LL. D. :—
i. ,
Luit> <Vp-otlonAr\if
T)o plAich T)e jrorvoige Comop cleip conuaige LACAptnbpeich mapciiie.
p. 417; l'Abbe Gervaise's "Vie de Saint
Martin," published at Tours, A. D. 1699.
3 At this date, a very excellent and ex-
tended biography of St. Martin may be
"
straightway, with a great —train with virginity, 5 A town of Upper Pannonia.
Apollinaris went to God's kingdom chap. iii.
"6 at Martin's translation. " Transactions of
the Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. On the Calendar of
Oengus, p. xcii. At the words mop cleip is the gloss i. xxx. Lacpi mile, thus trans-
According to St. Gregory of Tours.
7 See Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of the
Fathers, Martyrs and other principal saints," vol. xi. , November xi.
8
His feast occurs, on the 14th of lated thirty with three thousand. " p. January.
"
xcviii. — Article xiii.
9 The parochial and abbatial church of
this place was dedicated to St. Martin. An
oratory near it was greatly frequented by
pilgrims. See " Les Petits Bollandistes,
Vies des Saints," tome xiii. , p. 340.
*
Among these may be mentioned St. Sulpicius Severus, his illus- trious disciple, who wrote "Vita Sancti Martini," as also Three Dialogues to supply omissions in that Life, while he alludes, in his Epistles and in his Sacred History, lib. ii. , cap. 50, 51, to St. Martin's Acts. Also,
10
This is thought to have been the most
3
See Le Nain de Tillemont, in his work
"
Les Petits Bollandistes, Vies des
of the Constantine Emperor
or in Martin 354. By him,
11
found, in
Saints," tome xiii. , pp. 312 to 340.
4 See his Life, in the Third Volume of this work, at the 17th of March, Art. i. ,
ancient of the French monasteries.
"
His festival is held on the 13th of Sep-
June 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 127 Tours, and he was consecreted, on the 3rd of July. This See had been
established St. 12 who came from Rome, about the middle by Gatian,
originally
of the third
and it was at first dedicated to St. Maurice ; but, since the year 1096, it bears thenameofSt. Gatian. ** However,itspartsaretheworkofdifferentperiods, as this noble building now appears. The choir, situated under the cross and before the high altar, was commenced a. d. 1170. The nave was completed during the reign of St. Louis. The west end is of a still later date, and it has been assigned to the fifteenth century.
century.
1 * The cathedral of Tours was built St. Martin, early by
Cathedral of Tours, France.
several temples dedicated to idols, while he endeavoured to remove all super-
stitious practices of the pagans. He likewise founded various churches and
1 monasteries. St. Martin resided in the celebrated monastery of Marmoutier, ?
near the River Loire ; and there, he presided over a community of fervent
tember. After a long vacancy of the See, he succeeded the founder St. Gatian.
drawn from a photograph, by William F. Wakeman, and it has been engraved by Mrs. Millard.
"
His feast occurs, on the l8thof Decem-
ber.
13 He
' 6 See
Murray's
" Hand-book for Travel-
the See for stated by St. Gregory of Tours.
as
lers in sect. France,"
Route
governed
fifty years,
Hi. ,
53, p.
M See Rev. Alban Butler's " Lives of the
Fathers, Martyrs and other principal is set forth, by the Maurist monk, Dom. Saints," vol. xi. , November xi. Badier, in " Histoire de l'Abbaye de Mar-
' 5 The accompanying engraving was moutier. et de 1'EgliseRoyalede S. Martin de
The west front, dis- playing the character
of the
style,
tals,
height, and they are crowned with domed tops. '5 These are of a debased style, and seem to be somewhat later than the rest of
this building. The interior is Gothic in
style, and the cathe- dral measures 256 feet in length, while its
16
St. Martin was most assi- duous in visiting all
parts of his diocese, and in giving instruc- tion to his flock. He wrought many mira- cles. He destroyed
Flamboyant is referred to about 1 510. It con- sists of three lofty por- enriched with florid ornaments, niches and foliage. It has a large window surmounting. Two towers, which flank the front compart- ment, are 205 feet in
height is 85 feet.
201.
17 An account of this remarkable Abbey
123 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[June 4.
monks. After great labours and virtues, he departed this life, on the 8th of November, if we credit some writers ; but, on the nth of that month, accord- ing to an opinion more generally entertained. The year for his death has been
l8
grove, at some distance from the monastery, and about five hundred and
21
thirty paces from the city of Tours,
Brice 22 built a chapel over St. Martin's tomb. So great was the concourse
2
of pilgrims to the spot, that St. Perpetuus, 3 the sixth Bishop of Tours, about
but, afterwards, the name of Tours' great patron was given to it, and a par- ticular city was built around the church of St. Martin. The only remaining relics of this vast cathedral, at present, are two towers, rising on either side of the Rue St. Martin. Here, the shrine of St. Martin was preserved, and his relics were under the guardianship of a select number among his disciples. St. Martin's tomb was placed behind the high altar, and this first translation of his relics—seeming to correspond with the anniversary of his ordination—is celebrated on the 4th of July. Afterwards, about the middle of the ninth century, to save it from Norman invasions, the shrine of this holy bishop was successively removed to Cormerv, to Orleans, to St. Benoit-sur-Loire, to Chablis, and finally to Auxerre, in 856. However, the people of Tours reclaimed their lost treasure, when France became more peaceable, and on the 13th of December, a. d. 887, the remains were brought to Tours, an im- mense concourse of people assisting, with several bishops and priests. There: they remained, until the month of May, 1562, when the Calvinists pillaged the shrine and burned the relics. 26 Some portions, however, have been pre- served, and they are kept in different churches. During the times of the French Revolution, that ancient church of St. Martin was utterly destroyed,
variously assigned,
to
396,
397,
'9 or
400.
20 His was interred in a little body
church and
built over St. Martin's tomb was dedicated to St, Stephen,25 the Protomartyr;
the built a year 472,
great
monastery^there.
chapel
2 and a street has been run through the space it once occupied. ?
One of those towers, to which we have alluded, contains a clock, having a domed summit, and it is called Tour de Saint Martin. , or Tour de ITiorloge. Attached to it may be seen Romanesque pillars and capitals of an earlier period. Here, it is thought, was the site of St. Martin's rock-hewn tomb, discovered in i86i,and under a house, which occupied the place of the high altar. 28 MonseigneurGuibert,thelateArchbishopofParis,madeanappealto the Catholic world, to recover possession of this spot, and to restore it, in the
interest of of art,
and of 1^ The other tower is called Tour religion.
country,
de Charlemagne, because it is believed his wife Luitgarde lies buried beneath it. These are the only two of the five towers, that once adorned the cathe- dral of St. Martin, at Tours. s° However, we cannot find any recorded Trans-
lation,
such as is set down on the
41I1
ot in the " the June Feilire," among
tome xiii. , xie Jour de Novembre, p. 339.
2S His festival occurs, on the 26th day of
December.
2° "
See Murray's Handbook for 1 ravel-
lers in France," sect, iii. , Route 53, p.
Tours. "
18 Dom. Gervaise, in his " Vie de Saint
Martin," adopts this calculation.
19 Tillemont and Lecointe place his death,
at this year.
20 Francois Chifflet and Dom. Liron have
14, n.
21
According to St. Gregory of Tours.
22 His festival is held, on the 13th of No-
28 See Murray's " Handbook for Travel- lers in France," sect, iii. , Route 53, p. 204.
2» See " Les Petits Bollandistes, Vies des Saints," tome xiii. , p. 339.
30 See " Handbook for Tra- Murray's
vellers in France," sect, iii. , Route 53, p. 204.
vember.
23 His festival
occurs,
on the 8ih of day
April.
31 '' See
Les Bollandistes, Vies des Saints,'
'
204. "2"
this date. See le Dr. Hoefer's Nouvelle ? See Les Petits Bollandistes, Vies des Biographie Generate," tome xxxiv. , p. Saints," tome xiii. , p. 339.
as then existing. His successor St.
2* The first
June 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 129
many historic references to St. Martin and to his cultus. Nor can allusion be made to any of those removals, which took place during the Northman dis- orders in France, since these happened, after that poetic calendar had been
Article XIV. —St. Nennoca, or Nennoc, Virgin, of Armorica. {Fifth Century. . ] There appears to have been a revival of hagiographical literature and investigation in Ireland, due to the impetus given it byyEngus the Culdee, as also to the earlier and more successful labours of Adamnan,
The scholiast on St.
to doubt, whether this transference of St. Martin meant into a bishopric, or whetherit signifiedtheremovalofhisbodyfromthesepulchretoanother place, or—as otherwise expressed—his relics being carried out of that monas-
1
composed.
tery wherein he died to the city. 3
the biographer of St. Columcille.
1
Subsequently, the love for legends grew
iEngus
up, and such a taste has diminished in too many instances the authenticity
of saintly biography, not alone in Ireland, but more especially in Great
Britain, and on the Continent of Europe. Colgan intended to have given
theActsof 2atthisdate and, wehavereasonto Nennoca, Virgin, ; therefore,
think he regarded her, as having some intimate relations with Ireland. The oldest known Life of this holy woman seems to have existed in Brittany ; but, it is not certain, that it has survived the wreck of time. The Legend of St. Nennoc's Acts was preserved, in the monastery of Quimperle Cross, in the diocese of Quimper, and province of Brittany. The writer states, that its matter had been taken from an old book, written in a rustic style. 3 This Quimper Legend was chiefly derived from oral traditions, and written in the twelfth or thirteenth century, by a monk of Ste. Croix de Quimperle, who wasnamedGurherden. * Theseaccountsappeartohavebeenchieflycom- posed, from popular Breton ballads. The Bollandists quote them, but do not deem it necessary to publish them in full. s They contain several
anachronisms,
and therefore the is of doubtful 6 The Legend very authority.
Bollandists have inserted the Acts of St.