All the
metrical
ver-
sions, except those by Mrs.
sions, except those by Mrs.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v11 - Fro to Gre
6628 (#626) ###########################################
6628
THOMAS GRAY
In still, small accents whispering from the ground
A grateful earnest of eternal peace. ]
Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife,
Their sober wishes never learned to stray;
Along the cool, sequestered vale of life.
They kept the noiseless tenor of their way.
Yet even these bones from insult to protect,
Some frail memorial, still erected nigh,
With uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture decked,
Implores the passing tribute of a sigh.
Their names, their years, spelt by th' unlettered Muse,
The place of fame and elegy supply;
And many a holy text around she strews,
That teach the rustic moralist to die.
For who, to dumb forgetfulness a prey,
This pleasing, anxious being e'er resigned,
Left the warm precincts of the cheerful day,
Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind?
On some fond breast the parting soul relies;
Some pious drops the closing eye requires:
E'en from the tomb the voice of Nature cries;
E'en in our ashes live their wonted fires.
For thee who, mindful of th' unhonored dead,
Dost in these lines their artless tale relate;
If, chance, by lonely Contemplation led.
Some kindred spirit shall inquire thy fate,
Haply some hoary-headed swain may say: -
"Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn
Brushing with hasty steps the dews away,
To meet the sun upon the upland lawn.
"There at the foot of yonder nodding beech
That wreathes its old fantastic roots so high,
His listless length at noontide would he stretch,
And pore upon the brook that babbles by.
"Hard by yon wood, now smiling as in scorn,
Muttering his wayward fancies, he would rove;
Now drooping, woeful-wan, like one forlorn,
Or crazed with care, or crossed in hopeless love.
"One morn I missed him on the 'customed hill,
Along the heath, and near his favorite tree:
## p. 6629 (#627) ###########################################
THOMAS GRAY
6629
Another came; nor yet beside the rill,
Nor up the lawn, nor at the wood, was he:
"The next, with dirges due in sad array,
Slow through the church-way path we saw him borne; -
Approach and read (for thou canst read) the lay
Graved on the stone beneath yon aged thorn. "
["There scattered oft, the earliest of the year,
By hands unseen, are showers of violets found;
The redbreast loves to build and warble there,
And little footsteps lightly print the ground. "]
THE EPITAPH
HERE rests his head upon the lap of Earth,
A Youth to Fortune and to Fame unknown;
Fair Science frowned not on his humble birth,
And Melancholy marked him for her own.
Large was his bounty, and his soul sincere;
Heaven did a recompense as largely send:
He gave to Misery all he had,-a tear;
He gained from Heaven ('twas all he wished) a friend.
No farther seek his merits to disclose,
Or draw his frailties from their dread abode,
(There they alike in trembling hope repose,)--
The Bosom of his Father and his God.
[The stanzas included in brackets were omitted by Gray in the first edition
of the Elegy,' and as sanctioned by him or by later editors are (except as
to the third one) of infrequent appearance in the poem. ]
ODE ON THE SPRING
L
o! WHERE the rosy-bosomed Hours,
Fair Venus's train, appear,
Disclose the long-expecting flowers,
And wake the purple year!
The Attic warbler pours her throat,
Responsive to the cuckoo's note,
The untaught harmony of spring;
While, whispering pleasure as they fly,
Cool zephyrs through the clear blue sky
Their gathered fragrance fling.
## p. 6630 (#628) ###########################################
5630
THOMAS GRAY
Where'er the oak's thick branches stretch
A broader, browner shade,
Where'er the rude and moss-grown beech
O'er-canopies the glade,
Beside some water's rushy brink
With me the Muse shall sit, and think
(At ease reclined in rustic state)
How vain the ardor of the crowd,
How low, how little are the proud,
How indigent the great!
Still is the toiling hand of Care;
The panting herds repose:
Yet hark! how through the peopled air
The busy murmur glows!
The insect-youth are on the wing,
Eager to taste the honeyed spring,
And float amid the liquid noon;
Some lightly o'er the current skim,
Some show their gayly gilded trim
Quick-glancing to the sun.
To Contemplation's sober eye
Such is the race of Man;
And they that creep, and they that fly,
Shall end where they began.
Alike the Busy and the Gay
But flutter through life's little day,
In Fortune's varying colors drest;
Brushed by the hand of rough Mischance,
Or chilled by Age, their airy dance
They leave, in dust to rest.
Methinks I hear, in accents low,
The sportive kind reply:
Poor moralist! and what art thou?
A solitary fly!
Thy joys no glittering female meets,
No hive hast thou of hoarded sweets,
No painted plumage to display:
On hasty wings thy youth is flown;
Thy sun is set, thy spring is gone—
We frolic while 'tis May.
## p. 6631 (#629) ###########################################
THOMAS GRAY
6631
ON A DISTANT PROSPECT OF ETON COLLEGE
YⓇ
E DISTANT spires, ye antique towers,
That crown the watery glade,
Where grateful Science still adores
Her Henry's holy shade;
And ye, that from the stately brow
Of Windsor's heights th' expanse below
Of grove, of lawn, of mead survey,
Whose turf, whose shade, whose flowers among
Wanders the hoary Thames along
His silver-winding way!
Ah, happy hills! ah, pleasing shade!
Ah, fields beloved in vain!
Where once my careless childhood strayed,
A stranger yet to pain!
I feel the gales that from ye blow
A momentary bliss bestow,
As waving fresh their gladsome wing,
My weary soul they seem to soothe,
And, redolent of joy and youth,
To breathe a second spring.
Say, Father Thames,- for thou hast seen
Full many a sprightly race
Disporting on thy margent green,
The paths of pleasure trace,—
Who foremost now delight to cleave
With pliant arm thy glassy wave?
The captive linnet which enthrall?
What idle progeny succeed
To chase the rolling circle's speed,
Or urge the flying ball?
While some, on earnest business bent,
Their murmuring labors ply
'Gainst graver hours that bring constraint
To sweeten liberty:
Some bold adventurers disdain
The limits of their little reign,
And unknown regions dare descry;
Still as they run they look behind,
They hear a voice in every wind,
And snatch a fearful joy.
## p. 6632 (#630) ###########################################
6632
THOMAS GRAY
Gay hope is theirs, by fancy fed,
Less pleasing when possest;
The tear forgot as soon as shed,
The sunshine of the breast:
Theirs buxom health, of rosy hue,
Wild wit, invention ever new,
And lively cheer, of vigor born;
The thoughtless day, the easy night,
The spirits pure, the slumbers light,
That fly th' approach of morn.
Alas! regardless of their doom,
The little victims play;
No sense have they of ills to come,
No care beyond to-day:
Yet see, how all around them wait
The ministers of human fate,
And black Misfortune's baleful train!
Ah, show them where in ambush stand,
To seize their prey, the murtherous band!
Ah! tell them they are men!
These shall the fury Passions tear,
The vultures of the mind,
Disdainful Anger, pallid Fear,
And Shame that skulks behind;
Or pining Love shall waste their youth,
Or Jealousy, with rankling tooth,
That inly gnaws the secret heart;
And Envy wan, and faded Care,
Grim-visaged comfortless Despair,
And Sorrow's piercing dart.
Ambition this shall tempt to rise,
Then whirl the wretch from high,
To bitter Scorn a sacrifice,
And grinning Infamy.
The stings of Falsehood those shall try,
And hard Unkindness's altered eye,
That mocks the tear it forced to flow;
And keen Remorse with blood defiled,
And moody Madness laughing wild
Amid severest woe.
Lo! in the vale of years beneath
A grisly troop are seen,-
## p. 6633 (#631) ###########################################
THOMAS GRAY
6633
The painful family of Death,
More hideous than their queen:
This racks the joints, this fires the veins,
That every laboring sinew strains,
Those in the deeper vitals rage:
Lo! Poverty, to fill the band,
That numbs the soul with icy hand,
And slow-consuming Age.
To each his sufferings: all are men,
Condemned alike to groan;
The tender for another's pain,
Th' unfeeling for his own.
Yet, ah! why should they know their fate,
Since sorrow never comes too late,
And happiness too swiftly flies?
Thought would destroy their Paradise.
No more: where ignorance is bliss,
'Tis folly to be wise.
THE BARD
A PINDARIC ODE
"R
UIN seize thee, ruthless King!
Confusion on thy banners wait!
Though fanned by Conquest's crimson wing,
They mock the air with idle state.
Helm, nor hauberk's twisted mail,
Nor e'en thy virtues, Tyrant, shall avail
To save thy secret soul from nightly fears, -
From Cambria's curse, from Cambria's tears! "
Such were the sounds that o'er the crested pride
Of the first Edward scattered wild dismay,
As down the steep of Snowdon's shaggy side
He wound with toilsome march his long array.
Stout Glo'ster stood aghast in speechless trance;
"To arms! " cried Mortimer, and couched his quivering lance.
On a rock, whose haughty brow
Frowns o'er cold Conway's foaming flood,
Robed in the sable garb of woe,
With haggard eyes the poet stood;
(Loose his beard, and hoary hair
Streamed, like a meteor, to the troubled air;)
## p. 6634 (#632) ###########################################
6634
THOMAS GRAY
And with a master's hand and prophet's fire,
Struck the deep sorrows of his lyre:
"Hark, how each giant oak, and desert cave,
Sighs to the torrent's awful voice beneath!
O'er thee, O King! their hundred arms they wave,
Revenge on thee in hoarser murmurs breathe;
Vocal no more, since Cambria's fatal day,
To high-born Hoel's harp, or soft Llewellyn's lay.
"Cold is Cadwallo's tongue,
That hushed the stormy main;
Brave Urien sleeps upon his craggy bed;
Mountains, ye mourn in vain
Modred, whose magic song
Made huge Plinlimmon bow his cloud-topt head.
On dreary Arvon's shore they lie,
Smeared with gore, and ghastly pale:
Far, far aloof the affrighted ravens sail;
The famished eagle screams, and passes by.
Dear lost companions of my tuneful art,
Dear as the light that visits these sad eyes,
Dear as the ruddy drops that warm my heart,
Ye died amidst your dying country's cries.
No more I weep: they do not sleep;
On yonder cliffs, a grisly band,
I see them sit; they linger yet,
Avengers of their native land;
With me in dreadful harmony they join,
And weave with bloody hands the tissue of thy line.
"Weave the warp, and weave the woof,
The winding-sheet of Edward's race;
Give ample room, and verge enough,
The characters of hell to trace;
Mark the year, and mark the night,
When Severn shall re-echo with affright
The shrieks of death, through Berkley's roof that ring,
Shrieks of an agonizing King!
She-wolf of France, with unrelenting fangs,
That tear'st the bowels of thy mangled mate,
From thee be born, who o'er thy country hangs
The scourge of Heaven. What terrors round him wait!
Amazement in his van, with Flight combined,
And Sorrow's faded form, and Solitude behind.
## p. 6635 (#633) ###########################################
THOMAS GRAY
6635
"Mighty victor, mighty lord!
Low on his funeral couch he lies!
No pitying heart, no eye, afford
A tear to grace his obsequies.
Is the sable warrior fled?
Thy son is gone. He rests among the dead.
The swarm, that in thy noontide beam were born?
Gone to salute the rising morn.
Fair laughs the morn, and soft the zephyr blows,
While proudly riding o'er the azure realm
In gallant trim the gilded vessel goes:
Youth on the prow, and Pleasure at the helm;
Regardless of the sweeping whirlwind's sway,
That, hushed in grim repose, expects his evening prey.
"Fill high the sparkling bowl!
The rich repast prepare!
Reft of a crown, he yet may share the feast:
Close by the regal chair
Fell Thirst and Famine scowl
A baleful smile upon their baffled guest.
Heard ye the din of battle bray,
Lance to lance, and horse to horse?
Long years of havoc urge their destined course,
And through the kindred squadrons mow their way.
Ye towers of Julius, London's lasting shame,
With many a foul and midnight murder fed,
Revere his consort's faith, his father's fame,
And spare the meek usurper's holy head.
Above, below, the rose of snow,
Twined with her blushing foe, we spread:
The bristled boar in infant-gore
Wallows beneath the thorny shade.
Now, brothers, bending o'er the accursed loom,
Stamp we our vengeance deep, and ratify his doom.
"Edward, lo! to sudden fate
(Weave we the woof. The thread is spun. )
Half of thy heart we consecrate.
(The web is wove. The work is done. )
Stay, oh stay! nor thus forlorn
Leave me unblessed, unpitied, here to mourn:
In yon bright track that fires the western skies,
They melt, ey vanish from my eyes.
## p. 6636 (#634) ###########################################
6636
THOMAS GRAY
But oh! what solemn scenes on Snowdon's height
Descending slow their glittering skirts unroll?
Visions of glory, spare my aching sight!
Ye unborn ages, crowd not on my soul!
No more our long-lost Arthur we bewail.
All hail, ye genuine kings, Britannia's issue, hail!
"Girt with many a baron bold,
Sublime their starry fronts they rear;
And gorgeous dames and statesmen old
In bearded majesty appear.
In the midst a form divine!
Her eye proclaims her of the Briton line;
Her lion port, her awe-commanding face,
Attempered sweet to virgin grace.
What strings symphonious tremble in the air;
What strains of vocal transport round her play!
Hear from the grave, great Taliessin, hear!
They breathe a soul to animate thy clay.
Bright Rapture calls, and soaring as she sings,
Waves in the eye of heaven her many-colored wings.
"The verse adorn again
Fierce war, and faithful love,
And truth severe, by fairy fiction drest.
In buskined measures move
Pale Grief, and pleasing Pain,
With Horror, tyrant of the throbbing breast.
A voice, as of the cherub choir,
Gales from blooming Eden bear;
And distant warblings lessen on my ear,
That lost in long futurity expire.
Fond impious man, thinkest thou yon sanguine cloud,
Raised by thy breath, has quenched the orb of day?
To-morrow he repairs the golden flood,
And warms the nations with redoubled ray.
Enough for me; with joy I see
The different doom our fates assign;
Be thine despair, and sceptred care;
To triumph and to die are mine. "
He spoke, and headlong from the mountain's height
Deep in the roaring tide he plunged to endless night.
## p. 6637 (#635) ###########################################
6637
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
BY TALCOTT WILLIAMS
HE greater monuments of Greece all men know, the incom-
parable peaks of the chain; and the chain lasted seventeen
hundred years, nor ever sank to the dead level about. The
steadfast sight of these great Greek originals warps and dwarfs our
conception of Greek life. We behold the Parthenon; we forget that
each village shrine had its sense of proportion and subtle curve. The
Venus of Melos we remember, and the Victory is poised forever on
its cliff; but Tanagra figurines tell as much, and reveal more, of
Greek life. Nor is it otherwise in letters. The great names all know.
For a brief span they stood close together, and the father who heard
Eschylus might have told his experience to his long-lived son who
read Aristotle, while between the two stood all the greatest genius
that makes Greece Greek,- save only Homer. So brief was the
noonday,— and it is at high noon, and high noon only, that men
have agreed to take the sun; but this uplift was gained in the ascent
of nigh two hundred years from the first written Greek literature
that still lives. The descent, to the last of the Greek verse which
still remained poetry, ran through thirteen centuries. Over all this
prodigious span of fifteen hundred years stretches the Greek Anthol-
ogy, a collection of 4,063 short Greek poems, two to eight lines long
for the most part, collected and re-collected through more than a
thousand years. The first of these poets, Mimnermus, was the con-
temporary of Jeremiah, and dwelt in cities that shuddered over tidings
of Babylonian invasion. The last, Cometas, was the contemporary of
Edward the Confessor, and dreaded Seljuk and Turk.
As the epic impulse faded, and before Greek genius for tragedy
rose, the same race and dialect which had given epic narrative the
proud, full verse that filled like a sail to zephyr and to storm alike,
devised the elegiac couplet. With its opening even flow, its swifter
rush in the second line, and its abrupt pause, it was a medium in
which not narrative but man spoke, whether personal in passion, or
impersonal in the dedication of a statue, or in epitaph. This verse
had conventions as rigorous and restrained as the sonnet, and was
briefer. It served as well for the epitaph of Thermopylæ as for the
cradle-bier of a child, dead new-born; and lent itself as gracefully to
the gift of a bunch of roses as it swelled with some sonorous blast
## p. 6638 (#636) ###########################################
6638
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
of patriotism. It could sharpen to a gibe, or sink to a wail at un-
toward fate. Through a period twice as long as the life of English
letters, these short poems set forth the vision of life, the ways and
works of men, the love and death of mortals. These lines of weight,
of moment, always of grace and often of inspiration, stood on mile-
stones; they graced the base of statues; they were inscribed on
tombs; they stood over doorways; they were painted on vases. The
rustic shrines held them, and on the front of the great temple they
were borne. In this form, friend wrote to friend and lover to lover.
Four or five of the best express the emotion of the passing Greek
traveler at the statue of Memnon on the Nile. The quality of verse
that fills the inn album to-day we all know; but Greek life was so
compact of form and thought that even this unknown traveler's
verse, scrawled with a stylus, still thrills, still rings, as the statue
still sounds its ancient note.
In this long succession of short poems is delineated the Greek
character, not of Athens but of the whole circle of the Mediter-
ranean. The sphered life of the race is in its subjects.
Each great
Greek victory has its epigrams. In them, statues have an immortal
life denied to marble and to bronze. The critical admiration of the
Hellene for his great men of letters stands recorded here; his early
love for the heroes of his brief-lived freedom, and his sedulous flat-
tery of the Roman lords of his slavery. Here too is his domestic life,
its joy and its sorrow. In this epigram, the maid dedicates her dolls
to Artemis; and in that, the mother, mother and priestess both, lays
down a life overflowing in good deeds and fruited with honorable
offspring. The splendid side of Greek life is painted elsewhere. Here
is its homely simplicity. The fisher again spreads his nets and the
sailor his peaked lateen sail. The hunter sets his snares and tracks
his game in the light snow. The caged partridge stretches its weary
wings in its cage, and the cat has for it a modern appetite. Men
gibe and jest. They see how hollow life is, and also how truth rings
true. Love is here, sacred and revered, in forms pure and holy; and
not less, that foul pool decked with beauty in which Greek manhood
lost its masculine virtue.
Half a century before Christ, when Greek life overspread the east-
ern Mediterranean, and in every market-place Greek was the tongue
of trade, of learning, and of gentle breeding, Greek letters grew con-
scious of its own riches. For six centuries and more, or as long as
separates us from Chaucer, men had been writing these brief epi-
grams. The first had the brevity of Simonides, the next Alexandrian
luxuriance. Many were carved by those who wrote much; more by
those who composed but two or three. In Syrian Gadara there dwelt
a Greek, Meleager, whose poetry is the very flower of fervent Greek
## p. 6639 (#637) ###########################################
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
6639
verse. Yet so near did he live to the great change which was to
overturn the gods he loved, and substitute morality for beauty as the
mainspring of life, that some who knew him must also, a brief span
of years later, have known Jesus the Christ. Meleager was the first
who gathered Greek epigrams in an Anthology, prefacing it with
such apt critical utterance as has been the despair of all critics called
since to weigh verse in ruder scales and with a poise less perfect.
He had the wide round of the best of Greek to pick from, and he
chose with unerring taste. To his collection Philippus of Thessa-
lonica, working when Paul was preaching in Jason's house, added the
work of the Roman period, the fourth development of the epigram.
Other collections between have perished, one in the third or Byzan-
tine period, in which this verse had a renaissance under Justinian.
In the tenth century a Byzantine scholar, Constantinos Cephalas,
rearranged his predecessors' collections,-Meleager's included, and
brought together the largest number which has come down to us.
The collection is known to-day as the 'Palatine Anthology,' from the
library which long owned it. His work was in the last flare of life
in the Lower Empire, when Greek heroism, for the last time, stemmed
the Moslem tide and gave Eastern Europe breathing-space. When
his successor Maximus Planudes, of the century of Petrarch,- monk,
diplomat, theologian, and phrase-maker,— addressed himself to the
last collection made, the shadow of new Italy lay over Greek life,
and the Galilean had recast the minds of men. He excluded much
that Greeks, from Meleager to Cephalas, had freely admitted, and
which modern lovers of the Anthology would be willing to see left
out of all copies but their own. The collection of Planudes long
remained alone known (first edition Florence, 1594). That of Cepha-
las survived in a single manuscript of varied fortune, seen in 1606
by Salmasius at eighteen,-happy boy, and happy manuscript! -lost
to learning for a century and a half in the Vatican, published by
Brunck, 1776, and finally edited by Frederic Jacobs, 1794-1803, five
volumes of text and three of comment, usually bound in eight. The
text has been republished by Tauchnitz, and the whole work has its
most convenient and familiar form for scholars in the edition of both
the collections of Planudes and Cephalas, with epigrams from all
other sources prepared by Frederic Dübner for Didot's 'Bibliotheca
Scriptorum Græcorum,' 1864-1872, three volumes. The Anthology as
a whole has no adequate English translation. About one-third of the
poems have a prose translation by George Burges in the 'Greek
Anthology, 1832, of Bohn's series, with versions in verse by many
hands.
----
The first English translation of selections appeared anonymously,
1791. Others have succeeded: Robert Bland and John Herman
## p. 6640 (#638) ###########################################
6640
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
Merivale, 1806; Robert Bland, 1813; Richard Garnett, 1864; Sir Edwin
Arnold, 1869; John Addington Symonds, 1873; J. W. Mackail, 1890;
Lilla Cabot Perry, 1891. A collection of selected translations edited
by Graham R. Tomson was published in 1889. Of these partial ver-
sions, the only one which approaches the incommunicable charm of the
original is Mr. Mackail's, an incomparable translation. His versions
are freely used in the selections which follow.
All the metrical ver-
sions, except those by Mrs. Perry, are from Miss Tomson's collection.
But no translation equals the sanity, the brevity, the clarity of the
Greek original, qualities which have made these epigrams consum-
mate models of style to the modern world. In all the round of liter-
ature, the only exact analogue of the Greek epigram is the Japanese
"ode," with its thirty syllables, its single idea, and its constant use of
all classes as an universal medium of familiar poetic expression. Of
like nature, used alike for epigraph, epitaph, and familiar personal
expression, is the rhymed Arabic Makotta, brief poems written in one
form for eighteen hundred years, and still written.
troll Willian
ON THE ATHENIAN DEAD AT PLATEA
SIMONIDES (556–467 B. C. )
F TO die nobly is the chief part of excellence, to us out of all
men Fortune gave this lot; for hastening to set a crown
of freedom on Greece, we lie possessed of praise that grows
not old.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
ON THE LACEDÆMONIAN DEAD AT PLATEA
SIMONIDES
THE
HESE men, having set a crown of imperishable glory on their
own land, were folded in the dark clouds of death; yet
being dead they have not died, since from on high their
excellence raises them gloriously out of the house of Hades.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
## p. 6641 (#639) ###########################################
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
6641
Q
ON A SLEEPING SATYR
PLATO (429-347 B. C. )
THIS
HIS satyr Diodorus engraved not, but laid to rest; your touch
will wake him; the silver is asleep.
XI-416
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
A POET'S EPITAPH
SIMMIAS OF THEBES (405 B. C. )
UIETLY, o'er the tomb of Sophocles,
Quietly, ivy, creep with tendrils green;
And roses, ope your petals everywhere,
While dewy shoots of grape-vine peep between,
Upon the wise and honeyed poet's grave,
Whom Muse and Grace their richest treasures gave.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
WORSHIP IN SPRING
THEÆTETUS (Fourth Century B. C. )
Now
at her fruitful birth-tide the fair green field flowers out
in blowing roses; now on the boughs of the colonnaded
cypresses the cicala, mad with music, lulls the binder of
sheaves; and the careful mother swallow, having finished houses
under the eaves, gives harborage to her brood in the mud-
plastered cells; and the sea slumbers, with zephyr-wooing calm
spread clear over the broad ship-tracks, not breaking in squalls
on the sternposts, not vomiting foam upon the beaches. O sailor,
burn by the altars the glittering round of a mullet, or a cuttle-
fish, or a vocal scarus, to Priapus, ruler of ocean and giver of
anchorage; and so go fearlessly on thy seafaring to the bounds
of the Ionian Sea.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
## p. 6642 (#640) ###########################################
6642
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
SPRING ON THE COAST
LEONIDAS OF TARENTUM (Third Century B. C. )
ow is the season of sailing; for already the chattering swallow
Nov is come, and the gracious west wind; the meadows flower,
and the sea, tossed up with waves and rough blasts, has
sunk to silence. Weigh thine anchors and unloose thine hawsers,
O mariner, and sail with all thy canvas set: this I, Priapus of
the harbor, bid thee, O man, that thou mayest set forth to all
thy trafficking.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
A YOUNG HERO'S EPITAPH.
DIOSCORIDES (Third Century B. C. )
H Argive wounds before.
OME to Petana comes Thrasybulus lifeless on his shield, seven
Argive wounds before. His bleeding boy the father Tyn-
nichos lays on the pyre, to say:—“Let your wounds weep.
Tearless I bury you, my boy-mine and my country's. "
Η
Translation of Talcott Williams.
LOVE
POSIDIPPUS (Third Century B. C. )
JAR
AR of Athens, drip the dewy juice of wine, drip, let the feast
to which all bring their share be wetted as with dew; be
silenced the swan-sage Zeno, and the Muse of Cleanthes, and
let bitter-sweet Love be our concern.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
SORROW'S BARREN GRAVE
HERACLEITUS (Third Century B. C. )
EEP off. keep off thy hand, O husbandman,
KE
Nor through this grave's calm dust thy plowshare
drive;
These very sods have once been mourned upon,
And on such ground no crop will ever thrive,
Nor corn spring up with green and feathery ears,
From earth that has been watered by such tears.
Translation of Alma Strettell.
## p. 6643 (#641) ###########################################
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
6643
TO A COY MAIDEN
ASCLEPIADES (286 B. C. )
-
B
ELIEVE me love, it is not good
To hoard a mortal maidenhood;
In Hades thou wilt never find,
Maiden, a lover to thy mind;
Love's for the living! presently
Ashes and dust in death are we!
Translation of Andrew Lang.
THE EMPTIED QUIVER
MNESALCUS (Second Century B. C. )
HIS bending bow and emptied quiver, Promachus hangs as a
THIS gift to thee, Phoebus. The swift shafts men's hearts hold,
whom they called to death in the battle's rout.
Translation of Talcott Williams.
THE TALE OF TROY
ALPHEUS (First Century B. C. )
S
TILL we hear the wail of Andromache, still we see all Troy
toppling from her foundations, and the battling Ajax, and
Hector, bound to the horses, dragged under the city's crown
of towers, through the Muse of Mæonides, the poet with whom
no one country adorns herself as her own, but the zones of both
worlds.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
HEAVEN HATH ITS STARS
MARCUS ARGENTARIUS (First Century B. C. )
F
EASTING, I watch with westward-looking eye
The flashing constellations' pageantry,
Solemn and splendid; then anon I wreathe
My hair, and warbling to my harp I breathe
My full heart forth, and know the heavens look down
Pleased, for they also have their Lyre and Crown.
Translation of Richard Garnett.
## p. 6644 (#642) ###########################################
6644
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
PAN OF THE SEA-CLIFF
ARCHIAS (First Century B. C. )
MⓇ
E, PAN, the fishermen placed upon this holy cliff,- Pan of
the sea-shore, the watcher here over the fair anchorages of
the harbor: and I take care now of the baskets and again
of the trawlers off this shore. But sail thou by, O stranger, and
in requital of this good service of theirs I will send behind thee
a gentle south wind.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
ANACREON'S GRAVE
ANTIPATER OF SIDON (First Century B. C. )
Ο
STRANGER who passeth by the humble tomb of Anacreon, if
thou hast had aught of good from my books, pour libation
on my ashes, pour libation of the jocund grape, that my
bones may rejoice, wetted with wine; so I, who was ever deep in
the wine-steeped revels of Dionysus, I who was bred among
drinking-tunes, shall not even when dead endure without Bacchus.
this place to which the generation of mortals must come.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
REST AT NOON
MELEAGER (First Century B. C. )
Vo
VOICEFUL cricket, drunken with drops of dew, thou playest thy
rustic music that murmurs in the solitude, and perched on
the leaf edges shrillest thy lyre-tune with serrated legs and
swart skin. But, my dear, utter a new song for the tree-nymphs'
delight, and make thy harp-notes echo to Pan's, that escaping
Love I may seek out sleep at noon, here, lying under the shady
plane.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
## p. 6645 (#643) ###########################################
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
6645
"IN THE SPRING A YOUNG MAN'S FANCY»
MELEAGER
ow the white iris blossoms, and the rain-loving narcissus,
Now And now again the lily, the mountain-roaming, blows.
Now too, the flower of lovers, the crown of all the springtime,
Zenophila the winsome, doth blossom with the rose.
O meadows, wherefore vainly in your radiant garlands laugh ye?
Since fairer is the maiden than any flower that grows!
Translation of Alma Strettell.
MELEAGER'S OWN EPITAPH
MELEAGER
TRE
READ Softly, O stranger; for here an old man sleeps among
the holy dead, lulled in the slumber due to all; Meleager
son of Eucrates, who united Love of the sweet tears and
the Muses with the joyous Graces; whom god-begotten Tyre
brought to manhood, and the sacred land of Gadara, but lovely
Cos nursed in old age among the Meropes. But if thou art a
Syrian, say "Salam," and if a Phoenician, "Naidios,” and if a
Greek, "Hail": they are the same.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
EPILOGUE
PHILODEMUS (60 B. C. )
I
WAS in love once; who has not been? I have reveled; who is
uninitiated in revels? Nay, I was mad; at whose prompting
but a god's? Let them go; for now the silver hair is fast
replacing the black, a messenger of wisdom that comes with age.
We too played when the time of playing was; and now that it is
no longer, we will turn to worthier thoughts.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
DOCTOR AND DIVINITY
NICARCHUS
M
ARCUS the doctor called yesterday on the marble Zeus; though
marble, and though Zeus, his funeral is to-day.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
## p. 6646 (#644) ###########################################
6646
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
LOVE'S IMMORTALITY
STRATO (First Century A. D. )
WHO
но may know if a loved one passes the prime, while ever
with him and never left alone? Who may not satisfy
to-day who satisfied yesterday? and if he satisfy, what
should befall him not to satisfy to-morrow?
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
AS THE FLOWERS OF THE FIELD
STRATO
I'
F THOU boast in thy beauty, know that the rose too blooms,
but quickly being withered, is cast on the dunghill; for blos-
som and beauty have the same time allotted to them, and
both together envious time withers away.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
SUMMER SAILING
ANTIPHILUS (First Century A. D. )
Μ'
INE be a mattress on the poop, and the awnings over it,
sounding with the blows of the spray, and the fire forcing
its way out of the hearthstones, and a pot upon them with
empty turmoil of bubbles; and let me see the boy dressing the
meat, and my table be a ship's plank covered with a cloth; and
a game of pitch-and-toss, and the boatswain's whistle: the other
day I had such fortune, for I love common life.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
THE GREAT MYSTERIES
CRINAGORAS (First Century A. D. )
THO
HOUGH thy life be fixed in one seat, and thou sailest not the
sea nor treadest the roads on dry land, yet by all means go
to Attica, that thou mayest see those great nights of the
worship of Demeter; whereby thou shalt possess thy soul with-
out care among the living, and lighter when thou must go to the
place that awaiteth all.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
## p. 6647 (#645) ###########################################
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
6647
TO PRIAPUS OF THE SHORE
MECIUS (Roman period)
RIAPUS of the sea-shore, the trawlers lay before thee these gifts
by the grace of thine aid from the promontory, having im-
prisoned a tunny shoal in their nets of spun hemp in the
green sea entrances: a beechen cup, and a rude stool of heath,
and a glass cup holding wine, that thou mayest rest thy foot,
weary and cramped with dancing, while thou chasest away the
dry thirst.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
THE COMMON LOT
AMMIANUS (Second Century A. D. )
TH
HOUGH thou pass beyond thy landmarks even to the pillars of
Heracles, the share of earth that is equal to all men awaits
thee, and thou shalt lie even as Irus, having nothing more
than thine obelus moldering into a land that at last is not thine.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
"TO-MORROW, AND TO-MORROW »
MACEDONIUS (Third Century A. D. )
"To-
O-MORROW I will look on thee," but that never comes for
us, while the accustomed putting-off ever grows and grows.
This is all thy grace to my longing; and to others thou
bearest other gifts, despising my faithful service. "I will see
thee at evening. " And what is the evening of a woman's life?
-old age, full of a million wrinkles.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
THE PALACE GARDEN
ARABIUS (527-567 A. D. )
I
AM filled with waters, and gardens, and groves, and vineyards,
and the joyousness of the bordering sea; and fisherman and
farmer from different sides stretch forth to me the pleasant
gifts of sea and land: and them who abide in me, either a bird
singing or the sweet cry of the ferrymen lulls to rest.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
1
## p. 6647 (#646) ###########################################
6644
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
PAN OF THE SEA-CLIFF
ARCHIAS (First Century B. C. )
M
E, PAN, the fishermen placed upon this holy cliff,- Pan of
the sea-shore, the watcher here over the fair anchorages of
the harbor: and I take care now of the baskets and again
of the trawlers off this shore. But sail thou by, O stranger, and
in requital of this good service of theirs I will send behind thee
a gentle south wind.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
ANACREON'S GRAVE
ANTIPATER OF SIDON (First Century B. C. )
Ο
STRANGER who passeth by the humble tomb of Anacreon, if
thou hast had aught of good from my books, pour libation
on my ashes, pour libation of the jocund grape, that my
bones may rejoice, wetted with wine; so I, who was ever deep in
the wine-steeped revels of Dionysus, I who was bred among
drinking-tunes, shall not even when dead endure without Bacchus
this place to which the generation of mortals must come.
Translation of J. W. Mack.
REST AT NOON
MELEAGER (First Century B. C
VOICEE
JOICEFUL cricket, drunken with drops o
rustic music that murmurs in the
the leaf edges shrillest thy lyr
swart skin. But, my dear, uttera
delight, and make thy harp-r
Love I may seek out sleep
plane.
## p. 6647 (#647) ###########################################
Creac
STIC
Lex
T
T
I
SC
fhe live
inong:
CEE THREE
Stra
Grees
TLI #:
DUC.
6628
THOMAS GRAY
In still, small accents whispering from the ground
A grateful earnest of eternal peace. ]
Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife,
Their sober wishes never learned to stray;
Along the cool, sequestered vale of life.
They kept the noiseless tenor of their way.
Yet even these bones from insult to protect,
Some frail memorial, still erected nigh,
With uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture decked,
Implores the passing tribute of a sigh.
Their names, their years, spelt by th' unlettered Muse,
The place of fame and elegy supply;
And many a holy text around she strews,
That teach the rustic moralist to die.
For who, to dumb forgetfulness a prey,
This pleasing, anxious being e'er resigned,
Left the warm precincts of the cheerful day,
Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind?
On some fond breast the parting soul relies;
Some pious drops the closing eye requires:
E'en from the tomb the voice of Nature cries;
E'en in our ashes live their wonted fires.
For thee who, mindful of th' unhonored dead,
Dost in these lines their artless tale relate;
If, chance, by lonely Contemplation led.
Some kindred spirit shall inquire thy fate,
Haply some hoary-headed swain may say: -
"Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn
Brushing with hasty steps the dews away,
To meet the sun upon the upland lawn.
"There at the foot of yonder nodding beech
That wreathes its old fantastic roots so high,
His listless length at noontide would he stretch,
And pore upon the brook that babbles by.
"Hard by yon wood, now smiling as in scorn,
Muttering his wayward fancies, he would rove;
Now drooping, woeful-wan, like one forlorn,
Or crazed with care, or crossed in hopeless love.
"One morn I missed him on the 'customed hill,
Along the heath, and near his favorite tree:
## p. 6629 (#627) ###########################################
THOMAS GRAY
6629
Another came; nor yet beside the rill,
Nor up the lawn, nor at the wood, was he:
"The next, with dirges due in sad array,
Slow through the church-way path we saw him borne; -
Approach and read (for thou canst read) the lay
Graved on the stone beneath yon aged thorn. "
["There scattered oft, the earliest of the year,
By hands unseen, are showers of violets found;
The redbreast loves to build and warble there,
And little footsteps lightly print the ground. "]
THE EPITAPH
HERE rests his head upon the lap of Earth,
A Youth to Fortune and to Fame unknown;
Fair Science frowned not on his humble birth,
And Melancholy marked him for her own.
Large was his bounty, and his soul sincere;
Heaven did a recompense as largely send:
He gave to Misery all he had,-a tear;
He gained from Heaven ('twas all he wished) a friend.
No farther seek his merits to disclose,
Or draw his frailties from their dread abode,
(There they alike in trembling hope repose,)--
The Bosom of his Father and his God.
[The stanzas included in brackets were omitted by Gray in the first edition
of the Elegy,' and as sanctioned by him or by later editors are (except as
to the third one) of infrequent appearance in the poem. ]
ODE ON THE SPRING
L
o! WHERE the rosy-bosomed Hours,
Fair Venus's train, appear,
Disclose the long-expecting flowers,
And wake the purple year!
The Attic warbler pours her throat,
Responsive to the cuckoo's note,
The untaught harmony of spring;
While, whispering pleasure as they fly,
Cool zephyrs through the clear blue sky
Their gathered fragrance fling.
## p. 6630 (#628) ###########################################
5630
THOMAS GRAY
Where'er the oak's thick branches stretch
A broader, browner shade,
Where'er the rude and moss-grown beech
O'er-canopies the glade,
Beside some water's rushy brink
With me the Muse shall sit, and think
(At ease reclined in rustic state)
How vain the ardor of the crowd,
How low, how little are the proud,
How indigent the great!
Still is the toiling hand of Care;
The panting herds repose:
Yet hark! how through the peopled air
The busy murmur glows!
The insect-youth are on the wing,
Eager to taste the honeyed spring,
And float amid the liquid noon;
Some lightly o'er the current skim,
Some show their gayly gilded trim
Quick-glancing to the sun.
To Contemplation's sober eye
Such is the race of Man;
And they that creep, and they that fly,
Shall end where they began.
Alike the Busy and the Gay
But flutter through life's little day,
In Fortune's varying colors drest;
Brushed by the hand of rough Mischance,
Or chilled by Age, their airy dance
They leave, in dust to rest.
Methinks I hear, in accents low,
The sportive kind reply:
Poor moralist! and what art thou?
A solitary fly!
Thy joys no glittering female meets,
No hive hast thou of hoarded sweets,
No painted plumage to display:
On hasty wings thy youth is flown;
Thy sun is set, thy spring is gone—
We frolic while 'tis May.
## p. 6631 (#629) ###########################################
THOMAS GRAY
6631
ON A DISTANT PROSPECT OF ETON COLLEGE
YⓇ
E DISTANT spires, ye antique towers,
That crown the watery glade,
Where grateful Science still adores
Her Henry's holy shade;
And ye, that from the stately brow
Of Windsor's heights th' expanse below
Of grove, of lawn, of mead survey,
Whose turf, whose shade, whose flowers among
Wanders the hoary Thames along
His silver-winding way!
Ah, happy hills! ah, pleasing shade!
Ah, fields beloved in vain!
Where once my careless childhood strayed,
A stranger yet to pain!
I feel the gales that from ye blow
A momentary bliss bestow,
As waving fresh their gladsome wing,
My weary soul they seem to soothe,
And, redolent of joy and youth,
To breathe a second spring.
Say, Father Thames,- for thou hast seen
Full many a sprightly race
Disporting on thy margent green,
The paths of pleasure trace,—
Who foremost now delight to cleave
With pliant arm thy glassy wave?
The captive linnet which enthrall?
What idle progeny succeed
To chase the rolling circle's speed,
Or urge the flying ball?
While some, on earnest business bent,
Their murmuring labors ply
'Gainst graver hours that bring constraint
To sweeten liberty:
Some bold adventurers disdain
The limits of their little reign,
And unknown regions dare descry;
Still as they run they look behind,
They hear a voice in every wind,
And snatch a fearful joy.
## p. 6632 (#630) ###########################################
6632
THOMAS GRAY
Gay hope is theirs, by fancy fed,
Less pleasing when possest;
The tear forgot as soon as shed,
The sunshine of the breast:
Theirs buxom health, of rosy hue,
Wild wit, invention ever new,
And lively cheer, of vigor born;
The thoughtless day, the easy night,
The spirits pure, the slumbers light,
That fly th' approach of morn.
Alas! regardless of their doom,
The little victims play;
No sense have they of ills to come,
No care beyond to-day:
Yet see, how all around them wait
The ministers of human fate,
And black Misfortune's baleful train!
Ah, show them where in ambush stand,
To seize their prey, the murtherous band!
Ah! tell them they are men!
These shall the fury Passions tear,
The vultures of the mind,
Disdainful Anger, pallid Fear,
And Shame that skulks behind;
Or pining Love shall waste their youth,
Or Jealousy, with rankling tooth,
That inly gnaws the secret heart;
And Envy wan, and faded Care,
Grim-visaged comfortless Despair,
And Sorrow's piercing dart.
Ambition this shall tempt to rise,
Then whirl the wretch from high,
To bitter Scorn a sacrifice,
And grinning Infamy.
The stings of Falsehood those shall try,
And hard Unkindness's altered eye,
That mocks the tear it forced to flow;
And keen Remorse with blood defiled,
And moody Madness laughing wild
Amid severest woe.
Lo! in the vale of years beneath
A grisly troop are seen,-
## p. 6633 (#631) ###########################################
THOMAS GRAY
6633
The painful family of Death,
More hideous than their queen:
This racks the joints, this fires the veins,
That every laboring sinew strains,
Those in the deeper vitals rage:
Lo! Poverty, to fill the band,
That numbs the soul with icy hand,
And slow-consuming Age.
To each his sufferings: all are men,
Condemned alike to groan;
The tender for another's pain,
Th' unfeeling for his own.
Yet, ah! why should they know their fate,
Since sorrow never comes too late,
And happiness too swiftly flies?
Thought would destroy their Paradise.
No more: where ignorance is bliss,
'Tis folly to be wise.
THE BARD
A PINDARIC ODE
"R
UIN seize thee, ruthless King!
Confusion on thy banners wait!
Though fanned by Conquest's crimson wing,
They mock the air with idle state.
Helm, nor hauberk's twisted mail,
Nor e'en thy virtues, Tyrant, shall avail
To save thy secret soul from nightly fears, -
From Cambria's curse, from Cambria's tears! "
Such were the sounds that o'er the crested pride
Of the first Edward scattered wild dismay,
As down the steep of Snowdon's shaggy side
He wound with toilsome march his long array.
Stout Glo'ster stood aghast in speechless trance;
"To arms! " cried Mortimer, and couched his quivering lance.
On a rock, whose haughty brow
Frowns o'er cold Conway's foaming flood,
Robed in the sable garb of woe,
With haggard eyes the poet stood;
(Loose his beard, and hoary hair
Streamed, like a meteor, to the troubled air;)
## p. 6634 (#632) ###########################################
6634
THOMAS GRAY
And with a master's hand and prophet's fire,
Struck the deep sorrows of his lyre:
"Hark, how each giant oak, and desert cave,
Sighs to the torrent's awful voice beneath!
O'er thee, O King! their hundred arms they wave,
Revenge on thee in hoarser murmurs breathe;
Vocal no more, since Cambria's fatal day,
To high-born Hoel's harp, or soft Llewellyn's lay.
"Cold is Cadwallo's tongue,
That hushed the stormy main;
Brave Urien sleeps upon his craggy bed;
Mountains, ye mourn in vain
Modred, whose magic song
Made huge Plinlimmon bow his cloud-topt head.
On dreary Arvon's shore they lie,
Smeared with gore, and ghastly pale:
Far, far aloof the affrighted ravens sail;
The famished eagle screams, and passes by.
Dear lost companions of my tuneful art,
Dear as the light that visits these sad eyes,
Dear as the ruddy drops that warm my heart,
Ye died amidst your dying country's cries.
No more I weep: they do not sleep;
On yonder cliffs, a grisly band,
I see them sit; they linger yet,
Avengers of their native land;
With me in dreadful harmony they join,
And weave with bloody hands the tissue of thy line.
"Weave the warp, and weave the woof,
The winding-sheet of Edward's race;
Give ample room, and verge enough,
The characters of hell to trace;
Mark the year, and mark the night,
When Severn shall re-echo with affright
The shrieks of death, through Berkley's roof that ring,
Shrieks of an agonizing King!
She-wolf of France, with unrelenting fangs,
That tear'st the bowels of thy mangled mate,
From thee be born, who o'er thy country hangs
The scourge of Heaven. What terrors round him wait!
Amazement in his van, with Flight combined,
And Sorrow's faded form, and Solitude behind.
## p. 6635 (#633) ###########################################
THOMAS GRAY
6635
"Mighty victor, mighty lord!
Low on his funeral couch he lies!
No pitying heart, no eye, afford
A tear to grace his obsequies.
Is the sable warrior fled?
Thy son is gone. He rests among the dead.
The swarm, that in thy noontide beam were born?
Gone to salute the rising morn.
Fair laughs the morn, and soft the zephyr blows,
While proudly riding o'er the azure realm
In gallant trim the gilded vessel goes:
Youth on the prow, and Pleasure at the helm;
Regardless of the sweeping whirlwind's sway,
That, hushed in grim repose, expects his evening prey.
"Fill high the sparkling bowl!
The rich repast prepare!
Reft of a crown, he yet may share the feast:
Close by the regal chair
Fell Thirst and Famine scowl
A baleful smile upon their baffled guest.
Heard ye the din of battle bray,
Lance to lance, and horse to horse?
Long years of havoc urge their destined course,
And through the kindred squadrons mow their way.
Ye towers of Julius, London's lasting shame,
With many a foul and midnight murder fed,
Revere his consort's faith, his father's fame,
And spare the meek usurper's holy head.
Above, below, the rose of snow,
Twined with her blushing foe, we spread:
The bristled boar in infant-gore
Wallows beneath the thorny shade.
Now, brothers, bending o'er the accursed loom,
Stamp we our vengeance deep, and ratify his doom.
"Edward, lo! to sudden fate
(Weave we the woof. The thread is spun. )
Half of thy heart we consecrate.
(The web is wove. The work is done. )
Stay, oh stay! nor thus forlorn
Leave me unblessed, unpitied, here to mourn:
In yon bright track that fires the western skies,
They melt, ey vanish from my eyes.
## p. 6636 (#634) ###########################################
6636
THOMAS GRAY
But oh! what solemn scenes on Snowdon's height
Descending slow their glittering skirts unroll?
Visions of glory, spare my aching sight!
Ye unborn ages, crowd not on my soul!
No more our long-lost Arthur we bewail.
All hail, ye genuine kings, Britannia's issue, hail!
"Girt with many a baron bold,
Sublime their starry fronts they rear;
And gorgeous dames and statesmen old
In bearded majesty appear.
In the midst a form divine!
Her eye proclaims her of the Briton line;
Her lion port, her awe-commanding face,
Attempered sweet to virgin grace.
What strings symphonious tremble in the air;
What strains of vocal transport round her play!
Hear from the grave, great Taliessin, hear!
They breathe a soul to animate thy clay.
Bright Rapture calls, and soaring as she sings,
Waves in the eye of heaven her many-colored wings.
"The verse adorn again
Fierce war, and faithful love,
And truth severe, by fairy fiction drest.
In buskined measures move
Pale Grief, and pleasing Pain,
With Horror, tyrant of the throbbing breast.
A voice, as of the cherub choir,
Gales from blooming Eden bear;
And distant warblings lessen on my ear,
That lost in long futurity expire.
Fond impious man, thinkest thou yon sanguine cloud,
Raised by thy breath, has quenched the orb of day?
To-morrow he repairs the golden flood,
And warms the nations with redoubled ray.
Enough for me; with joy I see
The different doom our fates assign;
Be thine despair, and sceptred care;
To triumph and to die are mine. "
He spoke, and headlong from the mountain's height
Deep in the roaring tide he plunged to endless night.
## p. 6637 (#635) ###########################################
6637
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
BY TALCOTT WILLIAMS
HE greater monuments of Greece all men know, the incom-
parable peaks of the chain; and the chain lasted seventeen
hundred years, nor ever sank to the dead level about. The
steadfast sight of these great Greek originals warps and dwarfs our
conception of Greek life. We behold the Parthenon; we forget that
each village shrine had its sense of proportion and subtle curve. The
Venus of Melos we remember, and the Victory is poised forever on
its cliff; but Tanagra figurines tell as much, and reveal more, of
Greek life. Nor is it otherwise in letters. The great names all know.
For a brief span they stood close together, and the father who heard
Eschylus might have told his experience to his long-lived son who
read Aristotle, while between the two stood all the greatest genius
that makes Greece Greek,- save only Homer. So brief was the
noonday,— and it is at high noon, and high noon only, that men
have agreed to take the sun; but this uplift was gained in the ascent
of nigh two hundred years from the first written Greek literature
that still lives. The descent, to the last of the Greek verse which
still remained poetry, ran through thirteen centuries. Over all this
prodigious span of fifteen hundred years stretches the Greek Anthol-
ogy, a collection of 4,063 short Greek poems, two to eight lines long
for the most part, collected and re-collected through more than a
thousand years. The first of these poets, Mimnermus, was the con-
temporary of Jeremiah, and dwelt in cities that shuddered over tidings
of Babylonian invasion. The last, Cometas, was the contemporary of
Edward the Confessor, and dreaded Seljuk and Turk.
As the epic impulse faded, and before Greek genius for tragedy
rose, the same race and dialect which had given epic narrative the
proud, full verse that filled like a sail to zephyr and to storm alike,
devised the elegiac couplet. With its opening even flow, its swifter
rush in the second line, and its abrupt pause, it was a medium in
which not narrative but man spoke, whether personal in passion, or
impersonal in the dedication of a statue, or in epitaph. This verse
had conventions as rigorous and restrained as the sonnet, and was
briefer. It served as well for the epitaph of Thermopylæ as for the
cradle-bier of a child, dead new-born; and lent itself as gracefully to
the gift of a bunch of roses as it swelled with some sonorous blast
## p. 6638 (#636) ###########################################
6638
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
of patriotism. It could sharpen to a gibe, or sink to a wail at un-
toward fate. Through a period twice as long as the life of English
letters, these short poems set forth the vision of life, the ways and
works of men, the love and death of mortals. These lines of weight,
of moment, always of grace and often of inspiration, stood on mile-
stones; they graced the base of statues; they were inscribed on
tombs; they stood over doorways; they were painted on vases. The
rustic shrines held them, and on the front of the great temple they
were borne. In this form, friend wrote to friend and lover to lover.
Four or five of the best express the emotion of the passing Greek
traveler at the statue of Memnon on the Nile. The quality of verse
that fills the inn album to-day we all know; but Greek life was so
compact of form and thought that even this unknown traveler's
verse, scrawled with a stylus, still thrills, still rings, as the statue
still sounds its ancient note.
In this long succession of short poems is delineated the Greek
character, not of Athens but of the whole circle of the Mediter-
ranean. The sphered life of the race is in its subjects.
Each great
Greek victory has its epigrams. In them, statues have an immortal
life denied to marble and to bronze. The critical admiration of the
Hellene for his great men of letters stands recorded here; his early
love for the heroes of his brief-lived freedom, and his sedulous flat-
tery of the Roman lords of his slavery. Here too is his domestic life,
its joy and its sorrow. In this epigram, the maid dedicates her dolls
to Artemis; and in that, the mother, mother and priestess both, lays
down a life overflowing in good deeds and fruited with honorable
offspring. The splendid side of Greek life is painted elsewhere. Here
is its homely simplicity. The fisher again spreads his nets and the
sailor his peaked lateen sail. The hunter sets his snares and tracks
his game in the light snow. The caged partridge stretches its weary
wings in its cage, and the cat has for it a modern appetite. Men
gibe and jest. They see how hollow life is, and also how truth rings
true. Love is here, sacred and revered, in forms pure and holy; and
not less, that foul pool decked with beauty in which Greek manhood
lost its masculine virtue.
Half a century before Christ, when Greek life overspread the east-
ern Mediterranean, and in every market-place Greek was the tongue
of trade, of learning, and of gentle breeding, Greek letters grew con-
scious of its own riches. For six centuries and more, or as long as
separates us from Chaucer, men had been writing these brief epi-
grams. The first had the brevity of Simonides, the next Alexandrian
luxuriance. Many were carved by those who wrote much; more by
those who composed but two or three. In Syrian Gadara there dwelt
a Greek, Meleager, whose poetry is the very flower of fervent Greek
## p. 6639 (#637) ###########################################
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
6639
verse. Yet so near did he live to the great change which was to
overturn the gods he loved, and substitute morality for beauty as the
mainspring of life, that some who knew him must also, a brief span
of years later, have known Jesus the Christ. Meleager was the first
who gathered Greek epigrams in an Anthology, prefacing it with
such apt critical utterance as has been the despair of all critics called
since to weigh verse in ruder scales and with a poise less perfect.
He had the wide round of the best of Greek to pick from, and he
chose with unerring taste. To his collection Philippus of Thessa-
lonica, working when Paul was preaching in Jason's house, added the
work of the Roman period, the fourth development of the epigram.
Other collections between have perished, one in the third or Byzan-
tine period, in which this verse had a renaissance under Justinian.
In the tenth century a Byzantine scholar, Constantinos Cephalas,
rearranged his predecessors' collections,-Meleager's included, and
brought together the largest number which has come down to us.
The collection is known to-day as the 'Palatine Anthology,' from the
library which long owned it. His work was in the last flare of life
in the Lower Empire, when Greek heroism, for the last time, stemmed
the Moslem tide and gave Eastern Europe breathing-space. When
his successor Maximus Planudes, of the century of Petrarch,- monk,
diplomat, theologian, and phrase-maker,— addressed himself to the
last collection made, the shadow of new Italy lay over Greek life,
and the Galilean had recast the minds of men. He excluded much
that Greeks, from Meleager to Cephalas, had freely admitted, and
which modern lovers of the Anthology would be willing to see left
out of all copies but their own. The collection of Planudes long
remained alone known (first edition Florence, 1594). That of Cepha-
las survived in a single manuscript of varied fortune, seen in 1606
by Salmasius at eighteen,-happy boy, and happy manuscript! -lost
to learning for a century and a half in the Vatican, published by
Brunck, 1776, and finally edited by Frederic Jacobs, 1794-1803, five
volumes of text and three of comment, usually bound in eight. The
text has been republished by Tauchnitz, and the whole work has its
most convenient and familiar form for scholars in the edition of both
the collections of Planudes and Cephalas, with epigrams from all
other sources prepared by Frederic Dübner for Didot's 'Bibliotheca
Scriptorum Græcorum,' 1864-1872, three volumes. The Anthology as
a whole has no adequate English translation. About one-third of the
poems have a prose translation by George Burges in the 'Greek
Anthology, 1832, of Bohn's series, with versions in verse by many
hands.
----
The first English translation of selections appeared anonymously,
1791. Others have succeeded: Robert Bland and John Herman
## p. 6640 (#638) ###########################################
6640
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
Merivale, 1806; Robert Bland, 1813; Richard Garnett, 1864; Sir Edwin
Arnold, 1869; John Addington Symonds, 1873; J. W. Mackail, 1890;
Lilla Cabot Perry, 1891. A collection of selected translations edited
by Graham R. Tomson was published in 1889. Of these partial ver-
sions, the only one which approaches the incommunicable charm of the
original is Mr. Mackail's, an incomparable translation. His versions
are freely used in the selections which follow.
All the metrical ver-
sions, except those by Mrs. Perry, are from Miss Tomson's collection.
But no translation equals the sanity, the brevity, the clarity of the
Greek original, qualities which have made these epigrams consum-
mate models of style to the modern world. In all the round of liter-
ature, the only exact analogue of the Greek epigram is the Japanese
"ode," with its thirty syllables, its single idea, and its constant use of
all classes as an universal medium of familiar poetic expression. Of
like nature, used alike for epigraph, epitaph, and familiar personal
expression, is the rhymed Arabic Makotta, brief poems written in one
form for eighteen hundred years, and still written.
troll Willian
ON THE ATHENIAN DEAD AT PLATEA
SIMONIDES (556–467 B. C. )
F TO die nobly is the chief part of excellence, to us out of all
men Fortune gave this lot; for hastening to set a crown
of freedom on Greece, we lie possessed of praise that grows
not old.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
ON THE LACEDÆMONIAN DEAD AT PLATEA
SIMONIDES
THE
HESE men, having set a crown of imperishable glory on their
own land, were folded in the dark clouds of death; yet
being dead they have not died, since from on high their
excellence raises them gloriously out of the house of Hades.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
## p. 6641 (#639) ###########################################
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
6641
Q
ON A SLEEPING SATYR
PLATO (429-347 B. C. )
THIS
HIS satyr Diodorus engraved not, but laid to rest; your touch
will wake him; the silver is asleep.
XI-416
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
A POET'S EPITAPH
SIMMIAS OF THEBES (405 B. C. )
UIETLY, o'er the tomb of Sophocles,
Quietly, ivy, creep with tendrils green;
And roses, ope your petals everywhere,
While dewy shoots of grape-vine peep between,
Upon the wise and honeyed poet's grave,
Whom Muse and Grace their richest treasures gave.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
WORSHIP IN SPRING
THEÆTETUS (Fourth Century B. C. )
Now
at her fruitful birth-tide the fair green field flowers out
in blowing roses; now on the boughs of the colonnaded
cypresses the cicala, mad with music, lulls the binder of
sheaves; and the careful mother swallow, having finished houses
under the eaves, gives harborage to her brood in the mud-
plastered cells; and the sea slumbers, with zephyr-wooing calm
spread clear over the broad ship-tracks, not breaking in squalls
on the sternposts, not vomiting foam upon the beaches. O sailor,
burn by the altars the glittering round of a mullet, or a cuttle-
fish, or a vocal scarus, to Priapus, ruler of ocean and giver of
anchorage; and so go fearlessly on thy seafaring to the bounds
of the Ionian Sea.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
## p. 6642 (#640) ###########################################
6642
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
SPRING ON THE COAST
LEONIDAS OF TARENTUM (Third Century B. C. )
ow is the season of sailing; for already the chattering swallow
Nov is come, and the gracious west wind; the meadows flower,
and the sea, tossed up with waves and rough blasts, has
sunk to silence. Weigh thine anchors and unloose thine hawsers,
O mariner, and sail with all thy canvas set: this I, Priapus of
the harbor, bid thee, O man, that thou mayest set forth to all
thy trafficking.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
A YOUNG HERO'S EPITAPH.
DIOSCORIDES (Third Century B. C. )
H Argive wounds before.
OME to Petana comes Thrasybulus lifeless on his shield, seven
Argive wounds before. His bleeding boy the father Tyn-
nichos lays on the pyre, to say:—“Let your wounds weep.
Tearless I bury you, my boy-mine and my country's. "
Η
Translation of Talcott Williams.
LOVE
POSIDIPPUS (Third Century B. C. )
JAR
AR of Athens, drip the dewy juice of wine, drip, let the feast
to which all bring their share be wetted as with dew; be
silenced the swan-sage Zeno, and the Muse of Cleanthes, and
let bitter-sweet Love be our concern.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
SORROW'S BARREN GRAVE
HERACLEITUS (Third Century B. C. )
EEP off. keep off thy hand, O husbandman,
KE
Nor through this grave's calm dust thy plowshare
drive;
These very sods have once been mourned upon,
And on such ground no crop will ever thrive,
Nor corn spring up with green and feathery ears,
From earth that has been watered by such tears.
Translation of Alma Strettell.
## p. 6643 (#641) ###########################################
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
6643
TO A COY MAIDEN
ASCLEPIADES (286 B. C. )
-
B
ELIEVE me love, it is not good
To hoard a mortal maidenhood;
In Hades thou wilt never find,
Maiden, a lover to thy mind;
Love's for the living! presently
Ashes and dust in death are we!
Translation of Andrew Lang.
THE EMPTIED QUIVER
MNESALCUS (Second Century B. C. )
HIS bending bow and emptied quiver, Promachus hangs as a
THIS gift to thee, Phoebus. The swift shafts men's hearts hold,
whom they called to death in the battle's rout.
Translation of Talcott Williams.
THE TALE OF TROY
ALPHEUS (First Century B. C. )
S
TILL we hear the wail of Andromache, still we see all Troy
toppling from her foundations, and the battling Ajax, and
Hector, bound to the horses, dragged under the city's crown
of towers, through the Muse of Mæonides, the poet with whom
no one country adorns herself as her own, but the zones of both
worlds.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
HEAVEN HATH ITS STARS
MARCUS ARGENTARIUS (First Century B. C. )
F
EASTING, I watch with westward-looking eye
The flashing constellations' pageantry,
Solemn and splendid; then anon I wreathe
My hair, and warbling to my harp I breathe
My full heart forth, and know the heavens look down
Pleased, for they also have their Lyre and Crown.
Translation of Richard Garnett.
## p. 6644 (#642) ###########################################
6644
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
PAN OF THE SEA-CLIFF
ARCHIAS (First Century B. C. )
MⓇ
E, PAN, the fishermen placed upon this holy cliff,- Pan of
the sea-shore, the watcher here over the fair anchorages of
the harbor: and I take care now of the baskets and again
of the trawlers off this shore. But sail thou by, O stranger, and
in requital of this good service of theirs I will send behind thee
a gentle south wind.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
ANACREON'S GRAVE
ANTIPATER OF SIDON (First Century B. C. )
Ο
STRANGER who passeth by the humble tomb of Anacreon, if
thou hast had aught of good from my books, pour libation
on my ashes, pour libation of the jocund grape, that my
bones may rejoice, wetted with wine; so I, who was ever deep in
the wine-steeped revels of Dionysus, I who was bred among
drinking-tunes, shall not even when dead endure without Bacchus.
this place to which the generation of mortals must come.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
REST AT NOON
MELEAGER (First Century B. C. )
Vo
VOICEFUL cricket, drunken with drops of dew, thou playest thy
rustic music that murmurs in the solitude, and perched on
the leaf edges shrillest thy lyre-tune with serrated legs and
swart skin. But, my dear, utter a new song for the tree-nymphs'
delight, and make thy harp-notes echo to Pan's, that escaping
Love I may seek out sleep at noon, here, lying under the shady
plane.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
## p. 6645 (#643) ###########################################
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
6645
"IN THE SPRING A YOUNG MAN'S FANCY»
MELEAGER
ow the white iris blossoms, and the rain-loving narcissus,
Now And now again the lily, the mountain-roaming, blows.
Now too, the flower of lovers, the crown of all the springtime,
Zenophila the winsome, doth blossom with the rose.
O meadows, wherefore vainly in your radiant garlands laugh ye?
Since fairer is the maiden than any flower that grows!
Translation of Alma Strettell.
MELEAGER'S OWN EPITAPH
MELEAGER
TRE
READ Softly, O stranger; for here an old man sleeps among
the holy dead, lulled in the slumber due to all; Meleager
son of Eucrates, who united Love of the sweet tears and
the Muses with the joyous Graces; whom god-begotten Tyre
brought to manhood, and the sacred land of Gadara, but lovely
Cos nursed in old age among the Meropes. But if thou art a
Syrian, say "Salam," and if a Phoenician, "Naidios,” and if a
Greek, "Hail": they are the same.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
EPILOGUE
PHILODEMUS (60 B. C. )
I
WAS in love once; who has not been? I have reveled; who is
uninitiated in revels? Nay, I was mad; at whose prompting
but a god's? Let them go; for now the silver hair is fast
replacing the black, a messenger of wisdom that comes with age.
We too played when the time of playing was; and now that it is
no longer, we will turn to worthier thoughts.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
DOCTOR AND DIVINITY
NICARCHUS
M
ARCUS the doctor called yesterday on the marble Zeus; though
marble, and though Zeus, his funeral is to-day.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
## p. 6646 (#644) ###########################################
6646
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
LOVE'S IMMORTALITY
STRATO (First Century A. D. )
WHO
но may know if a loved one passes the prime, while ever
with him and never left alone? Who may not satisfy
to-day who satisfied yesterday? and if he satisfy, what
should befall him not to satisfy to-morrow?
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
AS THE FLOWERS OF THE FIELD
STRATO
I'
F THOU boast in thy beauty, know that the rose too blooms,
but quickly being withered, is cast on the dunghill; for blos-
som and beauty have the same time allotted to them, and
both together envious time withers away.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
SUMMER SAILING
ANTIPHILUS (First Century A. D. )
Μ'
INE be a mattress on the poop, and the awnings over it,
sounding with the blows of the spray, and the fire forcing
its way out of the hearthstones, and a pot upon them with
empty turmoil of bubbles; and let me see the boy dressing the
meat, and my table be a ship's plank covered with a cloth; and
a game of pitch-and-toss, and the boatswain's whistle: the other
day I had such fortune, for I love common life.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
THE GREAT MYSTERIES
CRINAGORAS (First Century A. D. )
THO
HOUGH thy life be fixed in one seat, and thou sailest not the
sea nor treadest the roads on dry land, yet by all means go
to Attica, that thou mayest see those great nights of the
worship of Demeter; whereby thou shalt possess thy soul with-
out care among the living, and lighter when thou must go to the
place that awaiteth all.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
## p. 6647 (#645) ###########################################
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
6647
TO PRIAPUS OF THE SHORE
MECIUS (Roman period)
RIAPUS of the sea-shore, the trawlers lay before thee these gifts
by the grace of thine aid from the promontory, having im-
prisoned a tunny shoal in their nets of spun hemp in the
green sea entrances: a beechen cup, and a rude stool of heath,
and a glass cup holding wine, that thou mayest rest thy foot,
weary and cramped with dancing, while thou chasest away the
dry thirst.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
THE COMMON LOT
AMMIANUS (Second Century A. D. )
TH
HOUGH thou pass beyond thy landmarks even to the pillars of
Heracles, the share of earth that is equal to all men awaits
thee, and thou shalt lie even as Irus, having nothing more
than thine obelus moldering into a land that at last is not thine.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
"TO-MORROW, AND TO-MORROW »
MACEDONIUS (Third Century A. D. )
"To-
O-MORROW I will look on thee," but that never comes for
us, while the accustomed putting-off ever grows and grows.
This is all thy grace to my longing; and to others thou
bearest other gifts, despising my faithful service. "I will see
thee at evening. " And what is the evening of a woman's life?
-old age, full of a million wrinkles.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
THE PALACE GARDEN
ARABIUS (527-567 A. D. )
I
AM filled with waters, and gardens, and groves, and vineyards,
and the joyousness of the bordering sea; and fisherman and
farmer from different sides stretch forth to me the pleasant
gifts of sea and land: and them who abide in me, either a bird
singing or the sweet cry of the ferrymen lulls to rest.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
1
## p. 6647 (#646) ###########################################
6644
THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY
PAN OF THE SEA-CLIFF
ARCHIAS (First Century B. C. )
M
E, PAN, the fishermen placed upon this holy cliff,- Pan of
the sea-shore, the watcher here over the fair anchorages of
the harbor: and I take care now of the baskets and again
of the trawlers off this shore. But sail thou by, O stranger, and
in requital of this good service of theirs I will send behind thee
a gentle south wind.
Translation of J. W. Mackail.
ANACREON'S GRAVE
ANTIPATER OF SIDON (First Century B. C. )
Ο
STRANGER who passeth by the humble tomb of Anacreon, if
thou hast had aught of good from my books, pour libation
on my ashes, pour libation of the jocund grape, that my
bones may rejoice, wetted with wine; so I, who was ever deep in
the wine-steeped revels of Dionysus, I who was bred among
drinking-tunes, shall not even when dead endure without Bacchus
this place to which the generation of mortals must come.
Translation of J. W. Mack.
REST AT NOON
MELEAGER (First Century B. C
VOICEE
JOICEFUL cricket, drunken with drops o
rustic music that murmurs in the
the leaf edges shrillest thy lyr
swart skin. But, my dear, uttera
delight, and make thy harp-r
Love I may seek out sleep
plane.
## p. 6647 (#647) ###########################################
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