Thence, he went to the harbour, where the outflowing waters of Lough Orbsen reach the sea, and where the
hospitable
young fisher was born.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v3
Endei, Abb.
Aranensis, cap.
i.
, ii.
, iii.
, with notes, pp.
269 to 271.
thisplacewasonthewestcontinent,having
stone, lapidem grandem,' on which he sailed from Garomna isle to Aran ! is still shown, about half-a-mile north-west of Cromwell's fort. It is a huge, rough rock, andisca—lledthecurrachstone,fromcurach, a boat. " Note (1. )
3 This Killany church is shown, on the
fine old of the of
Map county Clare, by
Henry Pelham.
* These are to be found, on the " Ord-
nance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Clare," Sheets 5, 8, 9.
5 Interiorly, the nave measures 34 feet, 6 inches, in length, by 19 feet, 2 inches, in width. The choir has tlie same breadth,
and it is 19 feet, 6 inches, in length. It contains the remains, with the covering flag-"
'
Chapter ii. — According to O'Flaherty,
—and it has "a Ochoill, port
for boats to
arrive. " "A Chorographical Description of West or H-Iar Connaught," written A. D.
1684, by Roderic O'Flaherty, Esq. Edited by James Hardiman, M. R. I. A. , p. 84. However, the editor does not agree with his author, regarding the situation of the Leamhchoill, mentioned in the Life of St. Enna ; for, he says, it "is the place on the great island called Ocuill, where the great
9i6 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 21.
rocks and walls, cropping up among the soil, so that outlines of the old building are scarcely contrasted in colour from the surrounding fields. A cemetery, enclosed within a low, square wall, extends outside of the ruins. ^
The chief man of the Gentiles, on Aran, was Corban, who is said to have
been at first hostile to St. Endeus, and who prepared plots to destroy the
holyman. However,whenhewasconvinced,inamiraculousmanner,? that
the Almighty had designed Endeus to remain there, the pagan presented the island and himself to God and to his servant. Where our saint first offered
sacrifice to the Heavenly King, there too he established, afterwards, his monastery, on the eastern side of the island. ^ Here, he is said to have founded a House of Regular Canons, about the year 480. 9 Ussher has it so earlyas449. '° Thesituationwasofsingularretirement,andwellsuitedfor the rigours of a penitential life. " It is now known as Killeany," and it is situated,aboutonemilefromKilronan,thechieftownonAranmore. Near this place, also, was Port-Doibhche,'3 connected with one of the wild legends,^* related in the Life of St. Endeus ; while, in each of the other two islands is shown Trach-na-neach 's—corruptly pronounced Traghteach—like- wise noticed there, and so called, as yet, by the islanders. Afterwards, assuming the government of that monastery, which he founded on Aranmore, the holy man soon collected a fervent band of disciples, who were subject to his rule.
One half of the island was assigned, by Endeus, to become the special
property of this monastery ; although, at first, the holy abbot had divided the island into ten parts, and had built thereon ten monasteries, each under the
rule of its proper superior. He was regarded as a Father, while under him another was placed, as second in rank, with a right to succeed, in case of his
stone of its rude altar, immediately under a beautifully-coved eastern window, of most
perfect masonry. The ope externally is narrow, but it is widely splayed internally. Some remains of ornamental pilasters and courses of masonry are yet to be seen. There is a circularly-headed window inter-
nally, and pointed on the outside, in the
south choir-wall ; and, in the north clioir-
wall, there is a low, square window. In the
south nave-wall are two additional windows,
circularly-coved inside, and pointed on the
outside. The north wall is featureless, but
in the west gable are two windows, one in
the top, and the other near the bottom. Be-
tween them appear int&riorly-projeciing
stones, as if to support a g dlery or roof.
The nave walls were four feet in thickness,
while the door was in the south wall, and it
was of low, pointed, Gothic shape above,
although its place is now only a deformed
breach. Drp stones yet hang over the nance Survey Townland Maps for the upper courses of masonry, and the three
gables are still nearly perfect, with offsets,
County of Gjd way," Sheets 110. ill, 119. '^ in irjsh, po^c X)<Mbce, "the port of
on which the roof-tree and rafters rested.
the or " large vessel,"
in
Latin,
' The accompanying illustration was drawn, by the writer, on tlie spot, in June, 1877; it has been copied on the wood, by William F. Wakeman, and it was engraved, by Mrs. Millard.
'^ See the Life, in Colgan, chap. xvi.
'5 in Irish, Ci\ai5 ma n-oAc, "the horse's track," or "shore. " See the Life in Colgan, chap xv.
"> One of the local
Endeus drove from a pasture, called Amag-
who sequebatur
legends is,
narrative, according
"
Hie
formerly
hogshead ;" it is called. Partus Dolu.
that St.
to the abridge it in a note (g. ) :
Bollandists,
caorach, the horses of Corban, and that they
swam over to a spot on the Middle Island,
which, thenceforward, was known as Trai^hnaneach, or the "horses' shore. " They passed, also, from the Middle to the Eastern island.
* The Latin writer of our saint's Acts adds, " hodie Cella Sancti Endei vocatur. "
' See Sir James Ware, " De Hibernia et "
Antiquitatibus ejus Disquisitiones, cap. xxvi. , p. 214.
'°
See Index Chronologicus, A. D.
ccccxLix. , in " Britannicarum Ecclesiarum
Antiquitates," p. 519.
" Near this place, a Franciscan monastery
is said to have been founded. A. D, 1485,
probably by the O'Briens, who then owned the Aran Islands.
" The town and townland so called are
situated, in the parish of Inishmore, barony of Aran, and will be found, on the *' Ord-
" Here, Colgan introduces a misplaced
March 21. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 917
death. While the prelates should be interred, within their own proper
cemeteries, it was regulated, that the old monks were to be buried, with the
rest of their brethren. However, a controversy arose among the disciples ;
for eight of those monastic Fathers maintained, that a fair division of Aran
hadnotbeenmade. Itwasresolved,toaskforlightfromonhigh,inorder
todeterminesuchadoubt; and,accordingly,airidtiumoffastingwastwice
completed. After this, the Angel of the Lord appeared to St. Endeus, and brought with him two gifts from heaven; one was a Book of the Four
Gospels, and the other was a priest's chasuble, to signify, that he was worthy thedoublehonourofteachingandofgoverning. ThatBookoftheGospels was afterwards kept, with great veneration, in the church of St. Endeus ; while the chasuble, wrought with gold and silver, was preserved to the time, when the biographer of our saint lived, yet in his day, the ornamentatio—n had given place to the baser material of brass. The division of the island one half appertaining to Endeus, whil—e the rest of it had been, equally divided amongtheothertenmonasteries continuedtotheperiod,whenhisancient
Acts had been composed. '^
We are told, that thrice fifty was the number of St. Endeus* congregation,^7
in the O'Clery's Calendar. Some very extraordinary miracles are related of thesaint,whileheliveduponAran. Thus,whenthemonksofhismonas- tery at one time complained, that they had no ready access to the sea, owing to the projection of a rock, which was a source of danger to navigators ; Endeus signed it with his abbatial staff, and returning homewards, an angel appeared, on the night succeeding, and holding in his hand a sword of
lightning. Striking this against the rock, it was divided midway, by a large chasm, which afterwards afforded a safe passage for those entering the port.
The fame of St. Enda's austere holiness, and of that angelical life, which
so many were leading in Aran under his guidance, soon spread far and wide, throughout the land. The sweet odour of Christ was diffused from the
lonely island in the Atlantic, and it penetrated to every part of Ireland. Wheresoever it reached, a gracious message stirred with joy the hearts of the noblest and best among God's servants. '^ Thus, St. Kyran,'9 afterwards the illustrious abbot and founder of Clonmacnoise, became his disciple. The celebrated navigator, St. Brendan,^° with fourteen of his monks, visited our saint, and remained with him three days ami three nights. Then, having received his blessing, the holy Brendan and his companions set out for the coastofKerry. ** Agedandinfirmpersonscame,tocloseinreligiouspeace
fabulosissima narratio : de Pupeo Romse ad
Poniificatum electo per columboe super eo
descensum, quod fuerit consuetum futuri
Pontificis apud Romanos indicium: cui
nihilominus onus illud honoremque recu-
santi, S. Hilarius suffectus sit, anno scilicet
461. Certamen quoque habet humilitatis
inter SS. Endeum, lielucum, et Pupeum " Hearing how blessed Enda lived apart,
exortum, Praelaturam detiectaniibus singu- lis, consulto piius per internuntios Papa,
tandemque diremptum trium candidarum auium aduentu, ea quae dicta sunt munera Endeo deferentium. "
" Con- gregation: i. e. , the number of his monks. "
This is also the statement of O'Flaherty.
•^ See " Irish Ecclesiastical Record," vol. vii. , December, 1870. A Visit to the Aran-
more of St. Enda, part ii. , p. 105.
'7 In a Dr. Todd here note.
says,
'
Theseincidentsarecharminglyrendered in verse, in the "Voyage of St. Brendan," byDenisFlorenceALicCarthy. See"The Bell-Founder and other Poems," at p. 180.
'' See his Life, at the 9th of September.
'^° ='
Amid the sacred caves of Ara-Mhor ; And how, beneath his eye, spread like a
chart,
Lay all the isles of that remotest shore
And how he had collected in his mind All that was known to man of the old
sea,
I left the h^U of miracles behind,
And sailed from out the shallow, sandy Leigh,
See his Life, at the i6thof May.
9i8 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 21.
the remnant of their days, which at their best they had accounted as few and
" =^
evil. As the prophet declared, it was called the holy way. " St. Finian
of Moville,='3 was one of St. Enda's disciples, on Aran ; while St. Finian of Clonard,''* St. Jarlath of Tuam,2S St. Mac Creiche,=^ of the Corcomroe race,
St. Guigneus,^'? St. Papeus,^'^ St. Kevin of Glendalough,=^9 St. Carthage of Lismore, St. Lonan Kerr,3° St. Nechatus, or Nechanus,3^ and St. Libeus, called St. Enda's brother, lived with him on the island. 3* And thus, Aran gradually came to be, as the writer of the Life of St. Kieran of Clonmacnoise describes it, the home of a multitude of holy men, and that sanctuary, where repose the relics of countless saints, whose names are known only to the
Almighty God. 33
CHAPTER III.
STRICT RULE OF ST. ENDEUS—HE VISITS THE ADJOINING COAST OF GALWAY, AND AFTERWARDS HE RETURNS TO ARAN—HIS DEATH—FESTIVAL DAY AND HJS COM- MEMORATION—CONCLUSION.
Marianus O'Gorman styles St. Endeus, " the virginal Saint of Aran Island," and there an angelical life did he lead, in the midst of his childr—en. Espe-
current re-
We are told, that the test and proof, which he
"
of August.
*7 His feast does not seem to be known.
'^
Colgan conjectures, that he may have been th—e St. Papan, venerated on the I3tli
ofJuly itseemsmostprobable,amistake for the 31st of that month.
*9 His feast occurs, at the 3rd of June,
Yet, the saint so called, although bearing a similar name, is said to have been liis brother, and to have been venerated, on the 1 2th of June.
3° He was venerated, it is thought, on the 6th of June.
3' He is said to have been venerated, at
the 3rd of May.
3^ See the "Irish Ecclesiastical Record,"
vol. vii. , pp. 109 to 112.
hewas—
remarkable for his exercises.
cially
monks, living under his rule.
*'
I and crossed the Again sailed,
I left these turned myriad isles, and
sound
That lies beneath Binn-Aite's rocky
height,
And there, upon the shore, the saint I
found
"Waiting my coming through the tardy
night.
He led me to his home beside the wave.
Where, with his monks, the pious father
;
And to my listening ear he freely gave
The sacred knowledge that his bosom held.
When I proclaimed the project that I nursed,
How 'twas for this that I his blessing sought,
An irrepressible cry of joy outburst
From his pure lips, that blessed me for
the thought.
He said, that he, too, had in visions
strayed
O'er the untrack'd ocean's billowing
foam
Bid me have hope, that God would give
me aid,
And bring me safe back to my native
length
Southward my bark, and sought my
native land,"
Isaias xxxv. 71.
°3 His feast is usually assigned, to the loth
of September.
^* See his Life, at the 12th of December,
dwelled
"S See his Life, at the 6th of June. **
;
home.
"Thus for and —
having sought knowledge for strength.
For the unheard-of voyage that I planned,
'
This was a boat or
penitential
Legends gardinghim confirmtheimpression,thatheexactedaverystrictdiscipline, which he imposed, not alone on himself, but which he required from the
stormy
at
"
His feast has been referred, to the II th
33 See
nias," xxi. Martii. Appendix ad Acta S. Endei, cap. ii. , p. 712.
Colgan's
* ' Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
Chapter hi,
canoe, of wicker work, co—vered with skins. It is still used in Ireland especially about
March 21. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 919
used every evening, to clear them from sins, was to put every man of them in turn into a curach,' without any hide upon it at all. Then was it floated outuponthesea. Thesaltwatercouldgetintothecurach,iftherehappened to be any crime or sin upon the man, who was in it. It could not get in, if he were free from sins. Enda, the abbot, was the last man that entered the curach. There was not found any man, of those one hundred and fifty monks, who did not escape a wetting from the curach, excepting only Gigniat, sometimes called Gigneus, the cook of Enda," who Uved at a place called Acadh-Draighnich. He seems to have joined the community of our
Killeany Old Church, Arranmore, County of Galway.
saint, after the latter had returned from his visit to Medraighe, said to have been a maritime district of Southern Connaught, and in the county of Galway. During this journey, St. Endeus asked certain fishermen to give him- self and his companions some fish, for their refection. One boy alone pre- sented a fish, he had taken. The holy man declared, that in that haven, fish should thenceforward be scarce, and this prediction was verified.
Thence, he went to the harbour, where the outflowing waters of Lough Orbsen reach the sea, and where the hospitable young fisher was born. Endeus prayed the Almighty, that the bay should abound in fish, ever afterwards, and his prayer was graciously heard. On an island, Ehinis,3 of Lough Orbsen, our saint received a kindly greeting and welcome from a chief man, named Cruimther Coelan. * Here a miracle—but of the legendary class—was performed.
Aran—although now, generally, it is covered with tarred canvas.
' The legend continues this account, in the following conversation between him and the abbot :—" What hast thou done, O Gigniat ? " said Enda. The cook said, that he did nothing, but put a httle addition to his own portion from the share of Ciaran,
son of the artificer. Enda then ordered him to leave the island. And, he also said, " There is no room for a thief here ; I will not permit this at all. "
3 Or Horse Island, now Inis Gearain, or Garron Island, having the same sense.
4 His feast has been assigned, to the 25th of April, by O'Flaherty.
920 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 21.
Afterwards, the holy abbot returned to Aran, and Enda remained there, until
he grew decrepit with years.
The virtues and fame of St. Endeus were long remembered, even after
his departure from life. Cuimin of Coindeire, in the poem which begins, " Patrick of the Fort of Macha loved," states, that St. Enda used to be in a stone prison praying for all persons -^ which shows, how the traditions of Aran commemorated his extraordinary devotion, and austerity of living. The date for St. Enda's death has not been fixed, by Colgan ; but, he conjectures, thatitmusthavetakenplace,abouttheyear540. ^ Traditionstillpreserves in popular affection that spot, where his grave is pointed out, beside the
The
white sands sweep over it, from the adjoining sea-shore, and lonely was the position chosen for his entombment. And, in the mortuary chapel of St. Enny, it is said, that 127 saints are buried in the same grave. ^ In his day,
we are told, by O'Flaherty,^ that north-east of this chapel, in the graveyard, St. Enna was buried in a grave, over which was visible a stone, and that 120 graves of saints, with divers other tombstones, were then extant. Many of these are now buried in the sands.
Besides the two places called Killeany, in the counties of Galway and of Clare, as already mentioned, and which were dedicated to our saint ; we find, among the Irish Ordnance Survey, similar names, viz. : Killeany,'® in the parish of Moyglare, and barony of Upper Deece, county of Meath ; Killeany," in the parish of Clonenagh and Clonagheen, barony of Mary- borough West, Queen's County ; as also, Killeany Beg and Killeany More,"
in the parish of Kilfergus, and barony of Shanid, county of Limerick. Whether our saint was venerated at these latter places, we are not able to determine ; however, we are told, that the church of Spidell,'3 west of Galway town, was dedicated to St. Enna, in O'Flaherty's time. It seems likely, moreover, that he was patron of other places, and especially, in the western parts of Ireland.
The festival of St. Endeus is commemorated, at the 21st of March, as we
ruined church of Killeany,' and, in the cemetery, which surrounds it.
find from St. iEngus the Culdee, in his s Thus the poem says : —
"
* Rev. Dr. "Eccle- See, also, Lanigan's
siastical History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap.
viii. , sect, vii. , p. 396, and n. 82, pp. 397,
398. 7
Fesiilogy. '* The published Martyrology
"It is described, on the "Ordnance
The
'^ Its Irish name is S^to^aI, "an hos-
pital,'' and it was an old English, as well as
" Rob not
Enda of the high piety loved In Ara, victory with sweetness A prison of hard narrow stone To bring all unto heaven. "
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Meath," Sheets 50, 53.
acconipan)ring illustration of this old church was sketched, originally, by an
accomplished
Esq. , Dangan Cottage, Galway, and pre- sented by him to the writer, in 1877. It has been transferred to the wood, by William F. Wakeman, having been en- graved by Mrs. Millard.
^
a term lor place.
artist, Howard Helmick,
'^ For the following extract, from the Leabhar Brcac copy, and its English trans- laiion, the—writer is indebted to Professor
Such is an account, I have received, from Rev. John A. Concanon, P. P. , in a letter, headed Arran Island, January I5ih, 1877.
9 See " A Chorographical Description of West or H-Iar Connaught, written a. d.
1684," p. 83.
"It is described, on the "Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the Queen's
County," Sheet 23.
"
Survey
Limerick," Sheet l8.
Ihese are described, on the "Ordnance
for the of County
Scotch the spital. "
— such a Jonsou.
Townland
Maps
O'Looney
c. xii. kL "Oon bich bA mo'^ mbuAme bem-oechc boiLcc Aije,
^o^ oen lich le^x fLuAgt)* enx)A <M|\'oei\c <Mpne.
"To the world great were the
gifts
, Of Benedict the powerful chief,
:
March 21. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 921
of Tallagh'5 commemorates our saint, as Ennae, Airne, Mac Ainmire, mic
Ronain, i. do Creamthannaibh ; but, it would seem, this entry had been in-
correctly written, by the scribe, for in the Franciscan copy,^* we find a different notice, at the 21st of March. The Calendar of Cashel, Marianus
O'Gorman, and Maguire, notice his descent, while commemorating his festive day '7 In the anonymous Calendar, published by O'SuUevan Beare,*^ there is a St. Eudius—which we may suspect to have been an incorrect printing for Endeus—at the 21st of March. Again, the Martyrology of
Donegal'9 mentions, as having a festival on this day, Enda, Abbot, of Ara. Besides the foregoing, several foreign Martyrologists, such as Canisius,
Phihp Ferrarius, and the Carthusian Martyrology, note his feast, at the same
date, in Ireland. ^" At the 12th of the April Kalends, which corresponds
with the 2ist of March, we are told, that in Hibernia, the Holy Confessor
Enna this day went to Christ. Such is a notice in the Kalendar of Drum-
mond. ^' Inthe"MemorialofBritishPiety,""hisfestivalisnoticed,while
""
the Circle of the Seasons records him, likewise, at the 2Tst of March. '^s
As the spirit of Saul was proud, and as his impulsive zeal urged him to take
an active part in public affairs, it required a special grace from the Almighty, to make him sensible of his errors. Nothing less than a miracle was wrought, to change his heart and disposition. But, when his conversion had been thus effected, his vigorous intellect and impulsive nature led him to brave all trials and persecutions, to spread still more a knowledge of God's holy law. His humility and charity displaced his former pride and cruelty. So, like the Apostle St. Paul, the present young afilete of Christ was miraculously rescued from a career of crime, to become a spiritual leader, teacher and shepherd of his people. He feared not the violence of men, when he had combatedhisownstrongnaturalpassions; norhadhumanrespectanypower, to lead him away from the path of duty.
Article II. —St. Isenger, Bishop of Verden, Saxony.
Century,'] High-toned morality is rare, in this world of sin and selfishness ; but, that perfect love of God, which rejects all things for his sake, is still rarer. Hence, we must regard with great admiration those, who here made noble sacrifices, actuated by a true missionary spirit. The most probable supposition, at which we can arrive regarding St. Isenger, should leave him a native of our country. He is said to have come from Scotia, which must probably mean Scotia Major, or Ireland, unless the contrary be clearly indi- cated,whichwedonotfindtobethecase. Likelyenough,hisoriginalname underwent some alteration. The English Martyrology asserts, that he was a Benedictinemonk,andanAbbotofAmarbaric; andthat,havingruledthis monastery for some years, being moved with zeal for the conversion of people inhabiting the neighbouring regions, he set out towards Belgium and Germany. He was afterwards appointed Bishop of Verden,' in Saxony,
being the successor to Saint Cortilla.
On one festival, pious hosiful Enda the illustrious of Aran. "
He was also a Scot, and to show that
p. 50.
'^ Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum Hiber- •® Here we read, en-oeuf feu ennnif nias," xxi. Martii. Appendix ad Acta S.
Endei, cap. i. , p. 711.
*' See Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of
Scottish Saints," p. 8.
"
Supp. 54, 55.
'3 Sec p. 81.
Article ii. —' "Ad T. enum fluvium
'S Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xix.
A^nnenpi'.
"ActaSanctorumIliber- nise," xxi. Martii. Appendix ad Acta S.
Endei, cap. i. , p. 711.
'* See "Historise Catholicse Ibernise
'7 See
Colgan's
Compendium,"
tomus i. , lib. iv. , xi. , cap.
82, 83.
^° "
[Ninth
92: LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS [March 21.
many predecessors of Isenger, in the See of Verden, were Scots or Irish, Colgan cites a passage from Crantzius, in which it is asserted, that almost all BishopWaltherus'antecessorswereofEnglishorScottishbirth. Atthe21st
*
ofMarch,Dempster introduces,asbeingveneratedatVerda,Isinger,the
seventh bishop, a confessor ; and, of course, it is assumed, that he was a native of Scotland. It is said, that after Isenger had enjoyed the dignity of bishop, for some time, he laid down his life for the Faith, in the year 824, according to some authorities ; Colgan remarks, however, that he had not seensuchstatementverified,bythetestimonyofanyancientwriter. Again, although placed seventh on the roll, Albert Crantzius says,3 that no certain
authority enabled him to form an opinion, demonstrating Isenger's origin, or the time and order of his succession in the episcopacy. He lived, about the
beginningoftheninthcentury; and,althoughweareleftinignoranceofhis Acts, yet his career must have been illustrious, for as a saint, he is venerated
and commemorated, at the 21st of March, by hagiographical wTiters, such as Ferrarius, Wion, the English Martyrology, Bruschius, Bucelinus,* Dempster,s
Camerarius,^ Colgan,' Henry Fitzsimon, an anonymous Calendar published by O'SuUevan Beare,^ by the Bollandists,9 and by others. His remains were interred, in the Cathedral church of Verden, where they were held in much honour by the citizens, for a long time after his death.
Article III. —St. Luicheall, son of Ciaran. On the 21st of March,
the —
published Martyrology
of
» enters the name of Lucill mac h.
Chiara,^
Forbes'
Kalendars of Scottish Saints,
p.
"
"
but, more properly,
Tallagh
it should be
written, the son of Hua-Kierain. Nothing more is given, to indicate his natal spot. The Martyrology of Donegal,3 on this day, also registers, Luicheall, son of Ciaran, as having veneration paid him. The BoUandists note his festival, at this same date, as
** Lucellus filius Hua-Kierain. " <
Article IV. —St. Momhanna, Virgin. The name of St. Momhanna,
a Virgin, occurs in the Martyrologies of^arianus O'Gorman and of Donegal,'
^
as having a festival, on this day ; while the BoUandists notice her, as Mo-
manna Virgo.
sita," as Colgan remarks, and it is not to be confounded with a place, similarly named, in the Duchy of Cleeves.
'See "Menologium Scoticum," Bishop
9 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Martii xxi. Among the pretermitted Saints, P- 257.
Article hi. —' Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xix.
195-
3 See " Rerum Germanicarum Historici
Clarissimi, Ecclesiastica Historia, sive Me- tropolis," lib. i. , cap. 29, p. 21. Editio Francofurti, mdlxxxx, fol.
* The two writers here named do not be- stow on Isenger the title of Saint or Blessed.
5 Lib. ix. , num. 710.
^ In " Menologium Scoticum. "
7 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibemioe," xxi.
Martii. Vita S. Isengeri, p. 716.
8 See O'SuUevan Beare's " Historic
Catholics Iberniae Compendium," tomus i. , lib, iv. , cap. xi. , p. 50, and cap. xii. , p. 55.
lucelluf feu lucilluf pi IIua Cia]\a feu CiAi\Ain, at this date.
'
In the Franciscan copy, the entry is
3 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 82, 83.
*• See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Martii xxi. Among the pretermitted Saints, p.
thisplacewasonthewestcontinent,having
stone, lapidem grandem,' on which he sailed from Garomna isle to Aran ! is still shown, about half-a-mile north-west of Cromwell's fort. It is a huge, rough rock, andisca—lledthecurrachstone,fromcurach, a boat. " Note (1. )
3 This Killany church is shown, on the
fine old of the of
Map county Clare, by
Henry Pelham.
* These are to be found, on the " Ord-
nance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Clare," Sheets 5, 8, 9.
5 Interiorly, the nave measures 34 feet, 6 inches, in length, by 19 feet, 2 inches, in width. The choir has tlie same breadth,
and it is 19 feet, 6 inches, in length. It contains the remains, with the covering flag-"
'
Chapter ii. — According to O'Flaherty,
—and it has "a Ochoill, port
for boats to
arrive. " "A Chorographical Description of West or H-Iar Connaught," written A. D.
1684, by Roderic O'Flaherty, Esq. Edited by James Hardiman, M. R. I. A. , p. 84. However, the editor does not agree with his author, regarding the situation of the Leamhchoill, mentioned in the Life of St. Enna ; for, he says, it "is the place on the great island called Ocuill, where the great
9i6 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 21.
rocks and walls, cropping up among the soil, so that outlines of the old building are scarcely contrasted in colour from the surrounding fields. A cemetery, enclosed within a low, square wall, extends outside of the ruins. ^
The chief man of the Gentiles, on Aran, was Corban, who is said to have
been at first hostile to St. Endeus, and who prepared plots to destroy the
holyman. However,whenhewasconvinced,inamiraculousmanner,? that
the Almighty had designed Endeus to remain there, the pagan presented the island and himself to God and to his servant. Where our saint first offered
sacrifice to the Heavenly King, there too he established, afterwards, his monastery, on the eastern side of the island. ^ Here, he is said to have founded a House of Regular Canons, about the year 480. 9 Ussher has it so earlyas449. '° Thesituationwasofsingularretirement,andwellsuitedfor the rigours of a penitential life. " It is now known as Killeany," and it is situated,aboutonemilefromKilronan,thechieftownonAranmore. Near this place, also, was Port-Doibhche,'3 connected with one of the wild legends,^* related in the Life of St. Endeus ; while, in each of the other two islands is shown Trach-na-neach 's—corruptly pronounced Traghteach—like- wise noticed there, and so called, as yet, by the islanders. Afterwards, assuming the government of that monastery, which he founded on Aranmore, the holy man soon collected a fervent band of disciples, who were subject to his rule.
One half of the island was assigned, by Endeus, to become the special
property of this monastery ; although, at first, the holy abbot had divided the island into ten parts, and had built thereon ten monasteries, each under the
rule of its proper superior. He was regarded as a Father, while under him another was placed, as second in rank, with a right to succeed, in case of his
stone of its rude altar, immediately under a beautifully-coved eastern window, of most
perfect masonry. The ope externally is narrow, but it is widely splayed internally. Some remains of ornamental pilasters and courses of masonry are yet to be seen. There is a circularly-headed window inter-
nally, and pointed on the outside, in the
south choir-wall ; and, in the north clioir-
wall, there is a low, square window. In the
south nave-wall are two additional windows,
circularly-coved inside, and pointed on the
outside. The north wall is featureless, but
in the west gable are two windows, one in
the top, and the other near the bottom. Be-
tween them appear int&riorly-projeciing
stones, as if to support a g dlery or roof.
The nave walls were four feet in thickness,
while the door was in the south wall, and it
was of low, pointed, Gothic shape above,
although its place is now only a deformed
breach. Drp stones yet hang over the nance Survey Townland Maps for the upper courses of masonry, and the three
gables are still nearly perfect, with offsets,
County of Gjd way," Sheets 110. ill, 119. '^ in irjsh, po^c X)<Mbce, "the port of
on which the roof-tree and rafters rested.
the or " large vessel,"
in
Latin,
' The accompanying illustration was drawn, by the writer, on tlie spot, in June, 1877; it has been copied on the wood, by William F. Wakeman, and it was engraved, by Mrs. Millard.
'^ See the Life, in Colgan, chap. xvi.
'5 in Irish, Ci\ai5 ma n-oAc, "the horse's track," or "shore. " See the Life in Colgan, chap xv.
"> One of the local
Endeus drove from a pasture, called Amag-
who sequebatur
legends is,
narrative, according
"
Hie
formerly
hogshead ;" it is called. Partus Dolu.
that St.
to the abridge it in a note (g. ) :
Bollandists,
caorach, the horses of Corban, and that they
swam over to a spot on the Middle Island,
which, thenceforward, was known as Trai^hnaneach, or the "horses' shore. " They passed, also, from the Middle to the Eastern island.
* The Latin writer of our saint's Acts adds, " hodie Cella Sancti Endei vocatur. "
' See Sir James Ware, " De Hibernia et "
Antiquitatibus ejus Disquisitiones, cap. xxvi. , p. 214.
'°
See Index Chronologicus, A. D.
ccccxLix. , in " Britannicarum Ecclesiarum
Antiquitates," p. 519.
" Near this place, a Franciscan monastery
is said to have been founded. A. D, 1485,
probably by the O'Briens, who then owned the Aran Islands.
" The town and townland so called are
situated, in the parish of Inishmore, barony of Aran, and will be found, on the *' Ord-
" Here, Colgan introduces a misplaced
March 21. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 917
death. While the prelates should be interred, within their own proper
cemeteries, it was regulated, that the old monks were to be buried, with the
rest of their brethren. However, a controversy arose among the disciples ;
for eight of those monastic Fathers maintained, that a fair division of Aran
hadnotbeenmade. Itwasresolved,toaskforlightfromonhigh,inorder
todeterminesuchadoubt; and,accordingly,airidtiumoffastingwastwice
completed. After this, the Angel of the Lord appeared to St. Endeus, and brought with him two gifts from heaven; one was a Book of the Four
Gospels, and the other was a priest's chasuble, to signify, that he was worthy thedoublehonourofteachingandofgoverning. ThatBookoftheGospels was afterwards kept, with great veneration, in the church of St. Endeus ; while the chasuble, wrought with gold and silver, was preserved to the time, when the biographer of our saint lived, yet in his day, the ornamentatio—n had given place to the baser material of brass. The division of the island one half appertaining to Endeus, whil—e the rest of it had been, equally divided amongtheothertenmonasteries continuedtotheperiod,whenhisancient
Acts had been composed. '^
We are told, that thrice fifty was the number of St. Endeus* congregation,^7
in the O'Clery's Calendar. Some very extraordinary miracles are related of thesaint,whileheliveduponAran. Thus,whenthemonksofhismonas- tery at one time complained, that they had no ready access to the sea, owing to the projection of a rock, which was a source of danger to navigators ; Endeus signed it with his abbatial staff, and returning homewards, an angel appeared, on the night succeeding, and holding in his hand a sword of
lightning. Striking this against the rock, it was divided midway, by a large chasm, which afterwards afforded a safe passage for those entering the port.
The fame of St. Enda's austere holiness, and of that angelical life, which
so many were leading in Aran under his guidance, soon spread far and wide, throughout the land. The sweet odour of Christ was diffused from the
lonely island in the Atlantic, and it penetrated to every part of Ireland. Wheresoever it reached, a gracious message stirred with joy the hearts of the noblest and best among God's servants. '^ Thus, St. Kyran,'9 afterwards the illustrious abbot and founder of Clonmacnoise, became his disciple. The celebrated navigator, St. Brendan,^° with fourteen of his monks, visited our saint, and remained with him three days ami three nights. Then, having received his blessing, the holy Brendan and his companions set out for the coastofKerry. ** Agedandinfirmpersonscame,tocloseinreligiouspeace
fabulosissima narratio : de Pupeo Romse ad
Poniificatum electo per columboe super eo
descensum, quod fuerit consuetum futuri
Pontificis apud Romanos indicium: cui
nihilominus onus illud honoremque recu-
santi, S. Hilarius suffectus sit, anno scilicet
461. Certamen quoque habet humilitatis
inter SS. Endeum, lielucum, et Pupeum " Hearing how blessed Enda lived apart,
exortum, Praelaturam detiectaniibus singu- lis, consulto piius per internuntios Papa,
tandemque diremptum trium candidarum auium aduentu, ea quae dicta sunt munera Endeo deferentium. "
" Con- gregation: i. e. , the number of his monks. "
This is also the statement of O'Flaherty.
•^ See " Irish Ecclesiastical Record," vol. vii. , December, 1870. A Visit to the Aran-
more of St. Enda, part ii. , p. 105.
'7 In a Dr. Todd here note.
says,
'
Theseincidentsarecharminglyrendered in verse, in the "Voyage of St. Brendan," byDenisFlorenceALicCarthy. See"The Bell-Founder and other Poems," at p. 180.
'' See his Life, at the 9th of September.
'^° ='
Amid the sacred caves of Ara-Mhor ; And how, beneath his eye, spread like a
chart,
Lay all the isles of that remotest shore
And how he had collected in his mind All that was known to man of the old
sea,
I left the h^U of miracles behind,
And sailed from out the shallow, sandy Leigh,
See his Life, at the i6thof May.
9i8 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 21.
the remnant of their days, which at their best they had accounted as few and
" =^
evil. As the prophet declared, it was called the holy way. " St. Finian
of Moville,='3 was one of St. Enda's disciples, on Aran ; while St. Finian of Clonard,''* St. Jarlath of Tuam,2S St. Mac Creiche,=^ of the Corcomroe race,
St. Guigneus,^'? St. Papeus,^'^ St. Kevin of Glendalough,=^9 St. Carthage of Lismore, St. Lonan Kerr,3° St. Nechatus, or Nechanus,3^ and St. Libeus, called St. Enda's brother, lived with him on the island. 3* And thus, Aran gradually came to be, as the writer of the Life of St. Kieran of Clonmacnoise describes it, the home of a multitude of holy men, and that sanctuary, where repose the relics of countless saints, whose names are known only to the
Almighty God. 33
CHAPTER III.
STRICT RULE OF ST. ENDEUS—HE VISITS THE ADJOINING COAST OF GALWAY, AND AFTERWARDS HE RETURNS TO ARAN—HIS DEATH—FESTIVAL DAY AND HJS COM- MEMORATION—CONCLUSION.
Marianus O'Gorman styles St. Endeus, " the virginal Saint of Aran Island," and there an angelical life did he lead, in the midst of his childr—en. Espe-
current re-
We are told, that the test and proof, which he
"
of August.
*7 His feast does not seem to be known.
'^
Colgan conjectures, that he may have been th—e St. Papan, venerated on the I3tli
ofJuly itseemsmostprobable,amistake for the 31st of that month.
*9 His feast occurs, at the 3rd of June,
Yet, the saint so called, although bearing a similar name, is said to have been liis brother, and to have been venerated, on the 1 2th of June.
3° He was venerated, it is thought, on the 6th of June.
3' He is said to have been venerated, at
the 3rd of May.
3^ See the "Irish Ecclesiastical Record,"
vol. vii. , pp. 109 to 112.
hewas—
remarkable for his exercises.
cially
monks, living under his rule.
*'
I and crossed the Again sailed,
I left these turned myriad isles, and
sound
That lies beneath Binn-Aite's rocky
height,
And there, upon the shore, the saint I
found
"Waiting my coming through the tardy
night.
He led me to his home beside the wave.
Where, with his monks, the pious father
;
And to my listening ear he freely gave
The sacred knowledge that his bosom held.
When I proclaimed the project that I nursed,
How 'twas for this that I his blessing sought,
An irrepressible cry of joy outburst
From his pure lips, that blessed me for
the thought.
He said, that he, too, had in visions
strayed
O'er the untrack'd ocean's billowing
foam
Bid me have hope, that God would give
me aid,
And bring me safe back to my native
length
Southward my bark, and sought my
native land,"
Isaias xxxv. 71.
°3 His feast is usually assigned, to the loth
of September.
^* See his Life, at the 12th of December,
dwelled
"S See his Life, at the 6th of June. **
;
home.
"Thus for and —
having sought knowledge for strength.
For the unheard-of voyage that I planned,
'
This was a boat or
penitential
Legends gardinghim confirmtheimpression,thatheexactedaverystrictdiscipline, which he imposed, not alone on himself, but which he required from the
stormy
at
"
His feast has been referred, to the II th
33 See
nias," xxi. Martii. Appendix ad Acta S. Endei, cap. ii. , p. 712.
Colgan's
* ' Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
Chapter hi,
canoe, of wicker work, co—vered with skins. It is still used in Ireland especially about
March 21. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 919
used every evening, to clear them from sins, was to put every man of them in turn into a curach,' without any hide upon it at all. Then was it floated outuponthesea. Thesaltwatercouldgetintothecurach,iftherehappened to be any crime or sin upon the man, who was in it. It could not get in, if he were free from sins. Enda, the abbot, was the last man that entered the curach. There was not found any man, of those one hundred and fifty monks, who did not escape a wetting from the curach, excepting only Gigniat, sometimes called Gigneus, the cook of Enda," who Uved at a place called Acadh-Draighnich. He seems to have joined the community of our
Killeany Old Church, Arranmore, County of Galway.
saint, after the latter had returned from his visit to Medraighe, said to have been a maritime district of Southern Connaught, and in the county of Galway. During this journey, St. Endeus asked certain fishermen to give him- self and his companions some fish, for their refection. One boy alone pre- sented a fish, he had taken. The holy man declared, that in that haven, fish should thenceforward be scarce, and this prediction was verified.
Thence, he went to the harbour, where the outflowing waters of Lough Orbsen reach the sea, and where the hospitable young fisher was born. Endeus prayed the Almighty, that the bay should abound in fish, ever afterwards, and his prayer was graciously heard. On an island, Ehinis,3 of Lough Orbsen, our saint received a kindly greeting and welcome from a chief man, named Cruimther Coelan. * Here a miracle—but of the legendary class—was performed.
Aran—although now, generally, it is covered with tarred canvas.
' The legend continues this account, in the following conversation between him and the abbot :—" What hast thou done, O Gigniat ? " said Enda. The cook said, that he did nothing, but put a httle addition to his own portion from the share of Ciaran,
son of the artificer. Enda then ordered him to leave the island. And, he also said, " There is no room for a thief here ; I will not permit this at all. "
3 Or Horse Island, now Inis Gearain, or Garron Island, having the same sense.
4 His feast has been assigned, to the 25th of April, by O'Flaherty.
920 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 21.
Afterwards, the holy abbot returned to Aran, and Enda remained there, until
he grew decrepit with years.
The virtues and fame of St. Endeus were long remembered, even after
his departure from life. Cuimin of Coindeire, in the poem which begins, " Patrick of the Fort of Macha loved," states, that St. Enda used to be in a stone prison praying for all persons -^ which shows, how the traditions of Aran commemorated his extraordinary devotion, and austerity of living. The date for St. Enda's death has not been fixed, by Colgan ; but, he conjectures, thatitmusthavetakenplace,abouttheyear540. ^ Traditionstillpreserves in popular affection that spot, where his grave is pointed out, beside the
The
white sands sweep over it, from the adjoining sea-shore, and lonely was the position chosen for his entombment. And, in the mortuary chapel of St. Enny, it is said, that 127 saints are buried in the same grave. ^ In his day,
we are told, by O'Flaherty,^ that north-east of this chapel, in the graveyard, St. Enna was buried in a grave, over which was visible a stone, and that 120 graves of saints, with divers other tombstones, were then extant. Many of these are now buried in the sands.
Besides the two places called Killeany, in the counties of Galway and of Clare, as already mentioned, and which were dedicated to our saint ; we find, among the Irish Ordnance Survey, similar names, viz. : Killeany,'® in the parish of Moyglare, and barony of Upper Deece, county of Meath ; Killeany," in the parish of Clonenagh and Clonagheen, barony of Mary- borough West, Queen's County ; as also, Killeany Beg and Killeany More,"
in the parish of Kilfergus, and barony of Shanid, county of Limerick. Whether our saint was venerated at these latter places, we are not able to determine ; however, we are told, that the church of Spidell,'3 west of Galway town, was dedicated to St. Enna, in O'Flaherty's time. It seems likely, moreover, that he was patron of other places, and especially, in the western parts of Ireland.
The festival of St. Endeus is commemorated, at the 21st of March, as we
ruined church of Killeany,' and, in the cemetery, which surrounds it.
find from St. iEngus the Culdee, in his s Thus the poem says : —
"
* Rev. Dr. "Eccle- See, also, Lanigan's
siastical History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap.
viii. , sect, vii. , p. 396, and n. 82, pp. 397,
398. 7
Fesiilogy. '* The published Martyrology
"It is described, on the "Ordnance
The
'^ Its Irish name is S^to^aI, "an hos-
pital,'' and it was an old English, as well as
" Rob not
Enda of the high piety loved In Ara, victory with sweetness A prison of hard narrow stone To bring all unto heaven. "
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Meath," Sheets 50, 53.
acconipan)ring illustration of this old church was sketched, originally, by an
accomplished
Esq. , Dangan Cottage, Galway, and pre- sented by him to the writer, in 1877. It has been transferred to the wood, by William F. Wakeman, having been en- graved by Mrs. Millard.
^
a term lor place.
artist, Howard Helmick,
'^ For the following extract, from the Leabhar Brcac copy, and its English trans- laiion, the—writer is indebted to Professor
Such is an account, I have received, from Rev. John A. Concanon, P. P. , in a letter, headed Arran Island, January I5ih, 1877.
9 See " A Chorographical Description of West or H-Iar Connaught, written a. d.
1684," p. 83.
"It is described, on the "Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the Queen's
County," Sheet 23.
"
Survey
Limerick," Sheet l8.
Ihese are described, on the "Ordnance
for the of County
Scotch the spital. "
— such a Jonsou.
Townland
Maps
O'Looney
c. xii. kL "Oon bich bA mo'^ mbuAme bem-oechc boiLcc Aije,
^o^ oen lich le^x fLuAgt)* enx)A <M|\'oei\c <Mpne.
"To the world great were the
gifts
, Of Benedict the powerful chief,
:
March 21. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 921
of Tallagh'5 commemorates our saint, as Ennae, Airne, Mac Ainmire, mic
Ronain, i. do Creamthannaibh ; but, it would seem, this entry had been in-
correctly written, by the scribe, for in the Franciscan copy,^* we find a different notice, at the 21st of March. The Calendar of Cashel, Marianus
O'Gorman, and Maguire, notice his descent, while commemorating his festive day '7 In the anonymous Calendar, published by O'SuUevan Beare,*^ there is a St. Eudius—which we may suspect to have been an incorrect printing for Endeus—at the 21st of March. Again, the Martyrology of
Donegal'9 mentions, as having a festival on this day, Enda, Abbot, of Ara. Besides the foregoing, several foreign Martyrologists, such as Canisius,
Phihp Ferrarius, and the Carthusian Martyrology, note his feast, at the same
date, in Ireland. ^" At the 12th of the April Kalends, which corresponds
with the 2ist of March, we are told, that in Hibernia, the Holy Confessor
Enna this day went to Christ. Such is a notice in the Kalendar of Drum-
mond. ^' Inthe"MemorialofBritishPiety,""hisfestivalisnoticed,while
""
the Circle of the Seasons records him, likewise, at the 2Tst of March. '^s
As the spirit of Saul was proud, and as his impulsive zeal urged him to take
an active part in public affairs, it required a special grace from the Almighty, to make him sensible of his errors. Nothing less than a miracle was wrought, to change his heart and disposition. But, when his conversion had been thus effected, his vigorous intellect and impulsive nature led him to brave all trials and persecutions, to spread still more a knowledge of God's holy law. His humility and charity displaced his former pride and cruelty. So, like the Apostle St. Paul, the present young afilete of Christ was miraculously rescued from a career of crime, to become a spiritual leader, teacher and shepherd of his people. He feared not the violence of men, when he had combatedhisownstrongnaturalpassions; norhadhumanrespectanypower, to lead him away from the path of duty.
Article II. —St. Isenger, Bishop of Verden, Saxony.
Century,'] High-toned morality is rare, in this world of sin and selfishness ; but, that perfect love of God, which rejects all things for his sake, is still rarer. Hence, we must regard with great admiration those, who here made noble sacrifices, actuated by a true missionary spirit. The most probable supposition, at which we can arrive regarding St. Isenger, should leave him a native of our country. He is said to have come from Scotia, which must probably mean Scotia Major, or Ireland, unless the contrary be clearly indi- cated,whichwedonotfindtobethecase. Likelyenough,hisoriginalname underwent some alteration. The English Martyrology asserts, that he was a Benedictinemonk,andanAbbotofAmarbaric; andthat,havingruledthis monastery for some years, being moved with zeal for the conversion of people inhabiting the neighbouring regions, he set out towards Belgium and Germany. He was afterwards appointed Bishop of Verden,' in Saxony,
being the successor to Saint Cortilla.
On one festival, pious hosiful Enda the illustrious of Aran. "
He was also a Scot, and to show that
p. 50.
'^ Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum Hiber- •® Here we read, en-oeuf feu ennnif nias," xxi. Martii. Appendix ad Acta S.
Endei, cap. i. , p. 711.
*' See Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of
Scottish Saints," p. 8.
"
Supp. 54, 55.
'3 Sec p. 81.
Article ii. —' "Ad T. enum fluvium
'S Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xix.
A^nnenpi'.
"ActaSanctorumIliber- nise," xxi. Martii. Appendix ad Acta S.
Endei, cap. i. , p. 711.
'* See "Historise Catholicse Ibernise
'7 See
Colgan's
Compendium,"
tomus i. , lib. iv. , xi. , cap.
82, 83.
^° "
[Ninth
92: LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS [March 21.
many predecessors of Isenger, in the See of Verden, were Scots or Irish, Colgan cites a passage from Crantzius, in which it is asserted, that almost all BishopWaltherus'antecessorswereofEnglishorScottishbirth. Atthe21st
*
ofMarch,Dempster introduces,asbeingveneratedatVerda,Isinger,the
seventh bishop, a confessor ; and, of course, it is assumed, that he was a native of Scotland. It is said, that after Isenger had enjoyed the dignity of bishop, for some time, he laid down his life for the Faith, in the year 824, according to some authorities ; Colgan remarks, however, that he had not seensuchstatementverified,bythetestimonyofanyancientwriter. Again, although placed seventh on the roll, Albert Crantzius says,3 that no certain
authority enabled him to form an opinion, demonstrating Isenger's origin, or the time and order of his succession in the episcopacy. He lived, about the
beginningoftheninthcentury; and,althoughweareleftinignoranceofhis Acts, yet his career must have been illustrious, for as a saint, he is venerated
and commemorated, at the 21st of March, by hagiographical wTiters, such as Ferrarius, Wion, the English Martyrology, Bruschius, Bucelinus,* Dempster,s
Camerarius,^ Colgan,' Henry Fitzsimon, an anonymous Calendar published by O'SuUevan Beare,^ by the Bollandists,9 and by others. His remains were interred, in the Cathedral church of Verden, where they were held in much honour by the citizens, for a long time after his death.
Article III. —St. Luicheall, son of Ciaran. On the 21st of March,
the —
published Martyrology
of
» enters the name of Lucill mac h.
Chiara,^
Forbes'
Kalendars of Scottish Saints,
p.
"
"
but, more properly,
Tallagh
it should be
written, the son of Hua-Kierain. Nothing more is given, to indicate his natal spot. The Martyrology of Donegal,3 on this day, also registers, Luicheall, son of Ciaran, as having veneration paid him. The BoUandists note his festival, at this same date, as
** Lucellus filius Hua-Kierain. " <
Article IV. —St. Momhanna, Virgin. The name of St. Momhanna,
a Virgin, occurs in the Martyrologies of^arianus O'Gorman and of Donegal,'
^
as having a festival, on this day ; while the BoUandists notice her, as Mo-
manna Virgo.
sita," as Colgan remarks, and it is not to be confounded with a place, similarly named, in the Duchy of Cleeves.
'See "Menologium Scoticum," Bishop
9 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Martii xxi. Among the pretermitted Saints, P- 257.
Article hi. —' Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xix.
195-
3 See " Rerum Germanicarum Historici
Clarissimi, Ecclesiastica Historia, sive Me- tropolis," lib. i. , cap. 29, p. 21. Editio Francofurti, mdlxxxx, fol.
* The two writers here named do not be- stow on Isenger the title of Saint or Blessed.
5 Lib. ix. , num. 710.
^ In " Menologium Scoticum. "
7 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibemioe," xxi.
Martii. Vita S. Isengeri, p. 716.
8 See O'SuUevan Beare's " Historic
Catholics Iberniae Compendium," tomus i. , lib, iv. , cap. xi. , p. 50, and cap. xii. , p. 55.
lucelluf feu lucilluf pi IIua Cia]\a feu CiAi\Ain, at this date.
'
In the Franciscan copy, the entry is
3 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 82, 83.
*• See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Martii xxi. Among the pretermitted Saints, p.
