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Milesian Irish for the Queen. —In Munster, Donogh O'Brien, earl of Thomond, and Murrogh O'Brien, baron of Inchiquin, with
their forces in Clare and Limerick, fought on the side of the queen.
Cormac, Donogh, and Teige Mac Carthy, in Desmond, Carberry
and Muskerry, in the counties of Cork and Kerry, with some of
the Mac Donoghs, O'Sullivans, O’Donevans, and others, joined son says, all the mountaineers were actual rebellion, and only two the queen. In Leinster, Bryan and Florence Fitzpatrick, barons castles, namely, Newcastle and Wicklow, were held for the queen. of Ossory, in the Queen's county; Mulroona O'Carroll, lord of The insurgent forces, under Felim, and his brother, Redmond Ely, in King's county; sir Terence O'Dempsey, and sir Teige
battle of Kinsale, the papists in the queen's army had promised to revolt, and many did so, by two, or three, and ten at a time, and that, if they had all done so then, there had been an end of the
captain Esmond, who was with them, and was made prisoner. ” Irish forces against the Queen. —Fynes Morrison gives an ac count of the forces of the Irish under O'Neill, O'Donnell, and other chiefs, from 1598 to 1601, collected in the time of the earl of Essex, and of the lord deputy Mountjoy, from the documents of the council at Dublin Castle; accounts of the Irish forces are also
O'Dunn, in Queen's county; and two chiefs of the O'Ferralls in
Longford, with O’Melaghlin in Westmeath. In Connaught, Hugh
O'Conor Don, and O'Conor Roe, in Roscommon; and Donogh O'Con
or Sligo. In Ulster, Niall Garv O’Donnell, a chief of Donegal, join Carlow, Leighlin, and Ferns, were held for the queen, and castles ed the queen, being set up by the English in opposition to Red
Hugh O'Donnell, prince of Tirconnell. Morrison says, that the lord deputy, Mountjoy, in 1600, desired to have authority out of England to passTirconnell, or the county of Donegal, to Niall Garv, reserving only 800 acres about Ballyshannon, and the fishing of the Erne, to her majesty; and, says Morrison, “such was the opinion of the service this turbulent spirit could do the state, that
he got the command of 300 foot and 100 horse in her majesty's
pay. ” In Fermanagh, Conor Roe Maguire joined the English, Hugh O'Neill, earl Tyrone, who was his father-in-law and
with his sons and forces, being set up in opposition to Hugh, the legitimate lord. In Cavan, Miles O'Reilly, in opposition to Ed mond O'Reilly, prince of Brefney, got a grant of the county of Cavan, by letters patent from the queen, and commanded as colo nel, a regiment in her service. In Tyrone, Art, the son of Torlogh Luineach O'Neill, former prince of Tyrone, also joined the English, and was called sir Arthur O'Neill. Many others of the Irish chiefs joined the queen, being set up and supported by the English, in opposition to the legitimate lords of the various territories, hence these chiefs are frequently mentioned by different writers, at this time, as the queen's O'Donnell, the queen's Maguire, the queen's O'Conor, the queen's O'Reilly, the queen's O'Neill, &c. Cox, giving an account of the lord deputy Russell's progress in Ulster, in 1595, says, that O'Molloy of the King's county carried the English standard one day, and O'Hanlon of Armagh on the next. According to the accounts of Cox and Morrison, one-third
of the queen's army in Ireland, or about 5000 men, consisted of Irish kerns, galloglasses, and cavalry, and these writers condemn, as dangerous to the state, the practice of taking Irish into the queen's service; they state that the lord deputy, sir John Perrott, first introduced the practice to save charges, and “he armed the Irish in Ulster against the incursions of the Islander Scots, and so taught them the use of arms, to the ruin of Ireland;” and Cox says, that “the lord deputy Fitzwilliam took many Irish into the army, and improvidently sent others of them to the Low countries, where they became excellent soldiers, and returned to be stout rebels. ”
also Thomas Butler, baron Cahir, Tipperary, joined the Irish these Butlers, joined by some the Irish, had 130 foot and 20 horse, with two castles. Kildare, James Fitz-Pierce Fitzger ald, and two other Geraldines, basebrothers, says Morrison, the late earl Kildare, with some the Delahoydes, Eustaces, and O'Dempseys, had against the queen 220 foot and 30 horse, after wards increased 500, by the going out the Birminghams, Lynaghs, and other septs. Leix, Queen’s county, Anthony and Bryan O'Moore, with their clans, and the chief the gallo glasses that country, the sept Mac Donnell, with the O'Dempseys, O'Doynes, Dunns, and the base son the earl Kildare, had 570 foot and 30 horse. Sir Terence O’Dempsey, and Teige O’Doyne, joined the queen, and captains Hartpole, Bowen, and Pigott, held Maryborough, and other castles for her majesty.
Offaly, King's county, the fort Philipstown was kept by
English garrison, and sir George Colley, sir Henry Warren, and John Moore, held castles for the queen; but the O'Conors, O'Molloys, and O'Dunns, had 468 foot and 12 horse against the queen, and Mac Coghlan afterwards joined them with 200 more, and the O’Dunns with 100. Meath, the son and heir sir William Nugent joined the Irish, and the county, says Morrison,
lying the heart the Pale, was greatly wasted the Ulster rebels, and many castles lay waste without inhabitants. ” The Irish forces were 150 under the Delahoydes, Darcys, Husseys, and Rochfords, and, says Morrison, “beyond the river (the Boyne
Blackwater), captain John O'Reilly, having then 100 foot
given in Cox's Hibernia Anglicana, and in Carew's Pacata Hiber nia. The following accounts are mostly collected from Morrison, vol. pp. 71, 117, 277, also from Mac Geoghegan, and the Four
Masters
In Leinster. —In the counties Dublin and Wicklow, Morri
O'Byrne, sons Fiacha Mac Hugh, with the O'Tooles, Walter O'Byrne, chief the galloglasses, and the Mac Donnells, were
480 foot and 20 horse, and 100 more afterwards came with the Walshes and Harolds. Wexford and Carlow, the castles
belonging Thomas Butler, earl Ormond, with some castles held sir Thomas Colclough, sir Richard Masterson, and sir Dudley Loftus. The Irish forces against the queen, under Donal Spainagh and others, the O'Cavenaghs, the O'Murroghs, Murphys; the O’Kinsellaghs, the Keatings, and others, were 750 foot and 50 horse, afterwards increased 900. Kilkenny, the earl Ormond had almost the entire country and its castles, for the queen; but Richard Butler, viscount Mountgarrett, joined
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 659
he required for war or battle; he was also blamed or asking leave of the council there or here, on that for having gone to England without permission, occasion; after these things were stated to him,
the queen's pay, well armed, revolted and joined the rebels. ” In Westmeath, Richard Mac Geoghegan, and others of his sept, with some of the Nugents and Fitzgeralds, had against the queen 140 foot and 20 horse; besides, captain Richard Tyrrell of Fartullagh, whom Morrison calls “a rebel of English race,” had of Ulster-men and strangers 200 foot, and the Irish of Westmeath were increased 100 at least, says Morrison, by the revolt of the eldest son of William Nugent, brother to lord Delvin, with many of the Pettits and Daltons. In Longford, two chiefs of the O'Ferralls joined the queen, and the castle of Longford was held by an English gar
the English, and was called the queen's O'Reilly. The Irish forces in Ulster were 7,220 foot, and 1,702 horse making in all 8,922 men. -
Forces of O'Neill in 1600. -Morrison gives the following state ment of O'Neill's own forces in Tyrone, in the year 1600, exclusive of those of the other Irish chiefs in Ulster; the account was ob tained from the information of Shane Mac Donnell, who had been O'Neill's marshal, but made his submission to the English. Of horse, O'Neill's own guard, 100; his son, Hugh 100; Con, another son, 20; his brother Cormac, 100; his brother Art,
rison: the other O'Ferralls joined the Irish, and had 180 foot. In 20; Felim O'Hanlon's son, 10; Torlogh Brasilagh O'Neill's son, Louth, sir Edward Moore, sir Francis Stafford, and Plunkett, 50, making in 400 horse. Of foot, O'Neill's guard, led James lord Louth, whom Morrison calls an English-Irish baron, held all O'Shiel, Leinster man, 200; Jenkin Fitzsimon Lecale the towns and castles for the queen, but the lands were wasted by the county Down, 200; making all 400. The other foot the Ulster Irish. The entire of the Irish forces in Leinster were forces were follows: Hugh Mac Caghwell, and two other cap
3048 foot, 182 horse, afterwards increased 1280 horse and foot, making in all 4510 horse and foot.
tains under Cormac O'Neill, the earl's brother, 600; Con son Art O'Neill, 100; Bryan Mac Art O'Neill, 200; Con O'Neill, the earl's son, 100; Donal O'Neill, 100; Felim O'Neill, 60; Torlogh Brasilagh's sons, 200; Henry Oge, and Torlogh O'Neill, 200; Mac Cann Armagh, and Owen Mac Cann, 200; Kedagh and Gilladuff Mac Donnell, 200; three brothers, Gillaspic, Rory, and
In Ulster. —In the province of Ulster, says Morrison, consisting
all of Irish septs, except the Scots possessing the Routes and
Glynns (in Antrim), “those of Lecale and the little Ardes alone
(in the eounty of Down), held for the queen, but were overawed
by Tyrone (Hugh O'Neill), and forced to give way. Dundalk, the Randal Mac Owen (probably Scots), 300; Donal and Patrick
frontier town between the Pale and Ulster, and Knockfergus
(Carrickfergus), a frontier town, were kept by English garrisons,
as likewise Newry, Carlingford, Greencastle, and Narrow Water
(all on the borders of Down and Louth), and the castle of Ballyna O'Neill, was 4060. Morrison says that all those troops, except cargy, in the Brenny” (county of Cavan). Many of the other strong
holds in Ulster were at that time in possession of O'Neill, and the other Irish chiefs; the following were the forces of the Irish chiefs
of Ulster in alliance with O'Neill : In Tyrone. —The earl O’Neill himself had, in 1599, according to Morrison,700 foot and 200 horse,
300, had means support themselves Tyrone, and many the chiefs had great forces besides their own countries; also says that the earl Essex, 1599, dispatched letters the lords England, stating that O'Neill had made his forces into two great divisions, one consisting 6,000 horse and foot, under his own command, Ulster; the other 4,000 men under O'Donnell, who acted chiefly Connaught.
and the other O'Neills in Tyrone had the following forces: Cor
mac Mac, Baron O'Neill, the earl's brother, 300 foot and 60 horse.
Sir Art O’Neill, another brother, 300 foot and 60 horse. Henry
Oge O'Neill, 200 foot and 40 horse. O'Hagan, 100 foot and 30
horse. The O'Donnellys, 100foot and 60 horse. O'Quinn, 80 foot but the Irish various septs alliance with O'Neill and O'Don and 20 horse. In Armagh. —Torlogh Mac Henry O'Neill of the nell, the O'Conors, O'Kellys, Mac Dermotts, O'Hanleys, Fews, 300 foot and 60 horse. Mac Cann of Clan Cann, 100 foot and O'Flanagans, &c. , had 500 foot and 60 horse. Hugh O'Conor 12 horse. In Down. —Bryan Fertough O'Neill, in Upper Clan
naboy, 80 foot and 30 horse. Mac Cartan and Mac Neill, 100foot
and 20 horse. Mae Rory, captain of Kilwarlin, 60 foot and 10 horse.
The Whites of Dufferin, 20 foot. Felim Mac Gennis, lord of this time, and an account him given these Annals; Iveagh with Con, Art, and Rory Mac Gennis, had 200 foot and 40 went Munster, and entered the earl Desmond's service, with horse, against the queen. In Antrim. —Sir James Mac Sorley body 1,500men, kerns,galloglasses, and cavalry, but betrayed Boy Mac Donnell, and his Scots, possessed the Route and the
seven Glynnes, and had 400 foot and 100 horse against the queen.
Shane Mac Bryan Carrach Mac Donnell, upon the Bann side, 50
foot and 10 horse. Hugh Mac Murtogh, beyond the Minn Water,
40 foot. Cormac Mac Neill, captain of Kilultagh, 60 foot and 10 Sligo. —The Irish septs, O'Conors, O'Dowds, O'Haras, O'Garas, horse. Shane Mac Bryan O'Neill, in Lower Clannaboy, 80 foot Mac Donoghs, O'Harts, &c. , had 300 foot and 30 horse, and only and 50 horse. Island Magee belonged to the earl of Essex, but the castle Collooney was held for the queen. Donogh O'Conor, was altogether waste, says Morrison. In Derry. —OKane chief Sligo, joined the queen, but was compelled co-operate had 500 foot and 20 horse. In Donegal. —Red Hugh O'Don with O'Donnell after the battle the Curlew mountains, and Mor
nell had 200 foot and 60 horse, and his brother Rory 150 rison says, the revolt O'Conor, the Irish forces were increased
foot and 50 horse; Niall Garv O'Donnell was for some time on the
side of the Irish, but afterwards joined the English, and was called
the queen's O'Donnell. The Three Mac Sweeneys had 500 foot
and 40 horse. Sir John O'Dogherty, 300 foot and 40 horse. Mayo. —Some castles were held for the queen, but they were O'Gallagher of Ballyshannon, 200 foot and 40 horse. O'Boyle 100 taken Theobald Mac William Burke, and the various Irish septs foot and 20 horse. 'Sliocht Rorie, 100 foot and 50 horse. All had 600 foot and 60 horse. Theobald Burke the Ships, son these forces in Donegal amounted to 1550 foot and 300 horse, and the celebrated Granu Weal, Grace O'Malley, joined the queen, were under the command of Red Hugh O'Donnell. In Ferma but sometimes wavered towards the Irish. Galway. —The
nagh. -Hugh Maguire had 600 foot and 100 horse, on the side of towns Galway and Athenry, and the castle Meelick, were
O'Neill, but Conor Roe Maguire, another chief, joined the English, and was called the queen's Maguire. In Monaghan. —Bryan Mac Mahon, the chief, Evir Mac Colla Mac Mahon, in Farney, with
Rossa Mac Mahon, and others of the name in Clan Carvil, had 500 foot and 160 horse. In Cavan. —Philip, John, Edmond, Conor,
and Owen O'Reilly, chiefs of Brefney, joined O'Neill with 800 foot and 100 horse, but colonel Miles O'Reilly, before mentioned, joined
held for the queen by the earl Clanrickard, but Redmond Burke, and some others the name, joined the Irish, and the various septs the O'Kellys, O'Maddens, &c. , had 490 foot. The whole the
Irish forces Connaught were 3,000 horse and foot.
In Munster. —In Clare, Donogh O'Brien, earl Thomond, and
Murrogh O'Brien, baron Inchiquin, who was slain battle with O'Donnell Ballyshannon, joined the English; but Teige O’Brien,
Mac Phelim, 200; Henry Wragton, 200; Donogh, Owen, James, Art, and Hugh O'Hagan, 100 men each, making 500; Owen and Niall O'Quinn, 100. The total horse and foot troops, under
In Connaught. —In Roscommon, the castles Athlone, Ros common, Tulsk, Boyle, and Ballinasloe, were held for the queen,
Don and O'Conor Roe, were sometimes the side the Irish, but mostly for the queen. Dermod O'Conor Don, mentioned Morrison, Cox, and Mac Geoghegan, was very valiant commander
Desmond, and made him prisoner; the earl was soon after released his own men, and O'Conor, and his Connaughtmen, were expel led from Munster; O'Conor himself was soon after slain, the
year 1600, Galway, Theobald Burke the Ships.
300. Leitrim. —The Irish under Bryan O'Rourke, and his brother Teige, chiefs Brefney O'Rourke, were 600 foot and 60 horse, and castle that country was held for the queen.
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660 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1600.
and having been accused of many other affairs, he mand, and honour he had received from the queen, was ordered to relinquish every preferment, com and the keepers of the hostages and sureties of the
brother of the earl, was on the side of O'Neill, and others of the O'Briens, with the Mac Namaras, and some of the Mac Mahons,
rebels, you must have garrisons brought into them, able to com mand, and make it a capital offence for any merchant in Ireland to
trade with the rebels, or buy or sell any arms or munition what soever. Your majesty victualling your army out of England, and with your garrisons burning and spoiling the country in all places, shall starve the rebels in one year, becauseno place else can supply them. Now, if it please your majesty to compare your advantages and disadvantages together, you shall find, that though these rebels are more in number than your majesty's army, and have, though I do unwillingly confess better bodies, and perfecter use their arms, than those men which your majesty sends over, yet commanding the walled towns, holds, and champaign countries, and having brave nobility and gentry, better discipline, and stronger order than they, and such means keep from them the maintain ance life, and waste the country which should nourish them, your majesty may promise yourself that this action will, the end,
successful though costly, and that your victory will certain, though many us, your honest servants, must sacrifice ourselves
the quarrel, and that this kingdom will reduced, though will ask, besides cost, great deal care, industry and time. ”
The Irish Forces were composed Kerns, Galloglasses, and 400 foot and 30 horse. Richard Purcell, baron of Loughmoe, 200 cavalry; the word kern, Irish Ceithearmach, Ceatharnach,
and O'Loghlins, had against the queen600 foot and 50 horse. In Limerick. -Pierce Lacy of Bruff, joined by various Irish septs,
had against the queen 300 foot and 15 horse. In Kerry. —Fitz maurice, lord of Kerry, O'Conor Kerry, O'Donoghoe of the Glens,
John Delahoyde, and others, had 500 foot and 30 horse against the queen. In Cork. -James Fitzgerald, earl of Desmond, had 300 foot and 300 horse; and Mac Donogh, lord of Duhallow, 200
foot and 8 horse against the queen; Barry Oge and the lord Barry's brother, in Muskerry, 120 foot and 3 horse, but lord Barry himself joined the queen. David Roche, lord of Fermoy, with some of the O'Mahonys and O'Donovans of Carberry, had 500 foot. In Desmond, or part of Cork and Kerry, Donal O'Sullivan Beare, and Dermod O'Sullivan More, Dermod Mac Carthy More, Donal and Florence Mac Carthy, Teige O'Mahony, Con, Donogh, and Dermod O'Driscoll, had 500 foot and 6 horse, against the queen. In Waterford, the Irish had 200 foot and 10 horse. In Tipperary, the following were the Irish forces against the queen: Butler, baron of Cahir, with his brother and followers, had 300
foot and 12 horse. Edmond Fitzgibbon, called the White Knight,
footand6horse. TheO'Mulrians, orO'Ryans, ofOwney,300 foot and 6 horse. The O'Kennedys of Ormond, 500 foot and 30 horse. O'Meaghers, 60 foot and 3 horse. The Burkes of Clan william, 200 foot and 4 horse. Morrison says, that all the cities, seaport towns, and castles in Munster, and many great lords and gentlemen, held for the queen. The forces in Munster were 5,680 foot and 292 horse. The entire of the Irish forces against the queen were as follows:
pronouncedKehermagh,signifies battler,beingderivedfromCath,
battle; the name made kerne the plural, some writers, and others, kerns. The term Galloglass, Irish Gall-og laoch, Gall-oglach, signifies foreign warrior, being derived from Gall, foreigner, and oglach, which signifies youthful man,
champion, soldier, and may derived from the words og, young, and laoch, champion. Various opinions have beengiven the origin the term, but considered was first applied soldiers resembling those the Gaill Danes, whose champions
were clad armour, and whose chief weapon was the battle-axe; besides, observed that Giraldus Cambrensis says the
Irish adopted the use the battle-axe from the Danes. The Scots, who were Irish descent, had likewise, an early period, their kerns and galloglasses, and Shakespear's Macbeth mentioned, “the merciless Mac Donald, from the Western Isles, with his kerns and galloglasses. ” The Mac Donnells Antrim, who came from the Highlands and Hebrides, were celebrated commanders gal loglasses Ireland; many other clans, famous galloglasses, have been already mentioned these notes, the Mac Sweeneys
Donegal, the Mac Cabes Brefney and Monaghan, the Mac
InUlster - - -
Foot. Horse. 7220 1702 4240 270 568() 292 2770 2:30
19,910 2494
In Leinster - In Munster - In Connaught -
-- - - - -
Total -
The earl of Essex, soon after his arrival in Ireland, in 1599, wrote a letter to the queen, which is given by Cox, and in it are the fol lowing passages: “I humbly beseech your majesty to tell you, that now having passed through the provinces of Leinster and Munster,
and been upon the frontier of Connaught, I dare begin to give Sheeheys Munster, &c. The kerns were the light foot the
Irish, armed with long spears pikes, javelins, darts, skians, daggers, bows and arrows, and also with slings, the early ages; and when deficient other weapons, they often flung with their hands showers stones the enemy they had no defensive ar mour, except sometimes wooden leather shields. These active
your majesty some advertisement of the state of this kingdom, not
as before by hearsay, but as I beheld it with mine own eyes. The
people in general have able bodies by nature, and have gotten, by
custom, ready use of arms; and by their late successes, boldness
to fight your majesty's troops. In their rebellion they have no
other end but to shake off the yoke of obedience to your majesty,
and to root out all remembrance of the English nation in this king
dom. The wealth of the kingdom, which consisteth in cattle, oat then rapidly retreating, and coming again advantageous
meal, and other victuals, is almost all in the rebels hands, who, in every province 'till my coming, have been masters of the field. The expectation of these rebels is very present, and very confident,
that Spain will either so invade your majesty, that you shall have no leisure to prosecute them here, or so succour them that they will get most of the towns into their hands, ere your majesty shall relieve and reinforce your army, so that now, if your majesty re solve to subdue these rebels by force, they are so many, and so framed to be soldiers, that the war will certainly be great, costly, and long. Ifyour majesty will seek to break them, by factions amongst themselves, they are covetous and mercenary, and must be purchased, and their Jesuists, and practising priests, must be hunted out, and taken from them, which now do sodder so fast, and so close together. If your majesty will have a strong party in the Irish nobility, and make use of them, you must hide from them all purpose of establishing English government till the strength of the Irish be so broken, that they shall seeno safety but in your majes ty's protection. If your majesty will be assured of the possession of your towns, and keep them from supplying the wants of the
opportunity. The Irish were famous forming ambuscades their mountain passes, defiles, woods, and bogs, by which they advantageously cut off great numbers their opponents. The ja velins, short spears, and darts the kerns, were favourite wea pons; the handles were generally ash, which was fitted long, sharp-pointed, iron steel head; this javelin was tied the arm shoulder thong cord great length, that they could hurl the enemy several yards distance, and recover the weapon again. These darts and javelins were whirled rapidly round the head, and then cast with such force that they penetrated the bodies men, even through their armour, and killed their horses great distance. the account the expedition king Richard II. Ireland, 191 these annals, French knight who was the king's army, describing their conflicts with the Irish, says, that “their soldiers rushed with fearful cries and clamours, which might heard good league off, and cast their darts with such might, that Haubergeon, coat mail, was
sufficient proof resist their force, their darts piercing them through both sides;” and further says, that the kerus “were
soldiers made rapid and irregular onsets into the ranks the enemy, not fighting exact order, but rushing and attacking on all sides,
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 00 l court were ordered to retain him with them should be allayed. They then came to the resolu
selves, until the anger of the sovereign against him
nimble and swift of foot, that, like unto stags, they ran over moun tains and vallies. ” Froissart in his Chronicle, giving an account of king Richard's expedition, says “the Irish soldiers were so re markably strong and active, that on foot they could overtake an English horseman at full speed, leap up behind the rider, and pull him off his horse. ” The kerns were divided into bodies of spear men, dart-men, slingers, and archers, and in after times, musket eers; the archers were very expert, and their hows were made chiefly of ash and yew. The galloglasses were the heavy infantry of the Irish, a sort of grenadiers, being select men of great strength
and stature, armed with swords and battle-axes, and also generally wore armour, as helmets and breast plates of iron, coats of mail,
composed of a network of small iron rings, and sometimes armour made of strong leather; shields or bucklers, made of wood, some
times covered with skins of animals. Their chief weapon was the battle-axe, and, in remote times, their warriors used a formidable weapon called a battle-hammer, which was a wooden club studded with short spikes and knobs of iron. Giraldus Cambrensis, in the 12th century, described the battle-axes of the Irish as large, heavy, well-tempered, and extremely keen-edged; the weapon was wielded by one hand, the thumb being placed on the handle to guide the stroke, and they struck with such force, that they often clove the skull of a warrior through his iron or brazen helmet with a single
tion of sending other officers and arms to Ireland,
Butler Aboo, and the Burkes had Clanrickard Aboo, and Mac Wil liam Aboo, and various other families had similar cries. The Irish chiefs had each their own banner and battle cry; the O'Neills had for their battle cry, Lamh-dearg n-uachtar, that the Red Hand uppermost, red bloody hand being their crest, and borne on their banners; the battle cry the O'Briens Thomond was, Lamh laidir n-uachtar, that the strong hand uppermost. Spenser, his View Ireland, thus speaks the kerns and gal loglasses, “yet sure they are very valiant ard hardy, great endurers cold, labour, hunger, and all hardness, very active and strong hand, very swift foot, very vigilant and circumspect their enterprises, very present perils, very great scorners death. ”
have had them large numbers, their chief forces being the kerns blow ; and Cambrensis says, that sometimes, with one stroke, they and galloglasses. The term Marcach was applied horseman,
cut off the thigh of a horseman, the limb falling on one side and the dead body on the other. The galloglasses were divided into bodies of swords-men and battle-axe-men, and being the strongest, steadiest, and best disciplined forces of the Irish, generally bore the
cavalry soldier, and Marc-Shluagh signified host, army, troop cavalry. Ridire signified knight, and was the name ap plied English chief armour. The Irish knights, according
Ware and others, were attended young man, page, some brunt of battle: the Irish commanders all wore armour, helmets, times called knave, by the old writers; according Ware, this
coats of mail, shields, &c.
Warriors, Weapons, Banners, Battle-cries, &c. —The terms
Taoiseach, and Taoiseach-Buidhne, Flaith, Ceann-Feadhna, or head of a force, and Ceann-Sloigh, that the head leader host, were all names applied military commanders; and the terms Laoch, Curraidh, Gaisgidh, Gaisgidheach, and Urradh, were ap plied champions, chieftains and heroes. The chief terms for weapons were Claidheamh, pronounced like cliav, sword; Tuagh,
Tuagh-catha, battle-axe Laighean, spear; Lam, lance javelin; Craoiseagh, lance, javelin, halberd; Ga, Gath,
Gai, dart; Saighead, arrow dart Bolg-Saighead, bag pouch for arrows, quiver; Sgian, Skian, dagger, but properly signifies knife, being sort large knife; this weapon was carried by all the Irish soldiers, and also by the chiefs, and
used close combat; the ancient sling was called Crann-tabhuil. The armour consisted the Luireach, Lorica, coat mail the shield, buckler and target were termed Sciath, and the helmet Cath-Bharr, derived from Cath, battle, and Barr, the head top. The banners the ancient Irish have been described
attendant was called Daltin, Irish Dailtin, which signifies fostered adopted person. The predatory troops the Irish are
often mentioned under the name Creach-Sluagh, derived from Creach, plunder, and Sluagh, host; the term Caoraighecht was applied body who attended the army predatory troops, and they are called by the English writers Creaghts. The hired troops the Irish chiefs were called Buanaighe, from Buan, which signifies hound, continued, and these mercenaries are mentioned
English writers under the name Bonnoghs Bonnoghts. The terms Sluagh ard Sochraide were applied army host.
The English forces were general better armed, accoutred, and disciplined, than the Irish, though not superior them valour, equal strength body, activity hardiness, stated by the earl Essex. The British cavalry was superior that the Irish, much better armed, accoutred, and disciplined, and their
cuirassiers, men-at-arms, were covered with coats mail plate-armour, and wore iron brazen helmets; they were armed with spears lances, swords, pistols, &c. Their archers were
also very powerful, and they had mounted archers amongst their cavalry. Their infantry were armed with swords, spears, and hal berds, pole-axes, and amongst them were also bodies archers; they always had far greater number musketteers
512, on the Battle Clontarf; the banner was termed Bratach,
and the standard Meirge; the standard-bearer was called Meirg
each, and banner-bearer Fear-Brataighe. The Bards attended
battle fields, and raised the Iłosg-catha, war-song. The Irish than the Irish, and they had several pieces artillery, all their rushed into battle with fierce shouts defiance, and loud battle
cries; their chief cry, according Ware, was Farrah, Farrah, the origin which word various opinions have beengiven an tiquaries, but may the same the word Fearadh O'Brien's Dictionary, which signifies fight valiantly, like man, or, ac
cording others, the Irish used the word Faire, Faire, pronounced Farray, which signifies watch, watch, your guard and the word Hurrah supposed have come from the same source. The war-cry Aboo, according various writers was used the Irish, and different opinions have been given its origin, but was de
battles the war Elizabeth, while appears the Irish scarcely ever had any cannon these engagements.
rived from the Irish word Buaidh, pronounced like bo-ee, which
signifies victory; this word was anglicised Aboo, and hence the
various chieftains are said have had their war-cries, O'Neill
Aboo, O'Donnell Aboo, O’Brien Aboo, that victory O'Neill, years' War. The War Elizabeth cost the lives some
O'Donnell, O'Brien, &c. The great Anglo-Irish families adop ted similar war cries; the Fitzgeralds had Croin Aboo, said have been taken from the castle Crom, Limerick, one the
ancient fortresses the Fitzgeralds; the Butlers Orinond had
hundreds thousands men, and millions money, with enor mous destruction property, cattle, corn, &c. , towns, cities, castles, monasteries, &c. , the whole Ireland presenting continued scene direful famine, rapine, and slaughter. Accor
appears the Irish scarcely ever had any cannon with the English, and O'Neill, addressing his men Ford, said, “My hopes victory are not placed artillery, but your valour. ”
The Coralry of the Irish might being chiefly kind light horse. javelins, swords, darts, and skians,
their battles the Yellow
the thunder
considered mounted kerns, They were armed with spears, daggers, and later times they had also pistols, like other dragoons; they sometimes wore armour, helmets, coats mail, shields, &c. The Irish not
appear have brought their cavalry any great perfection,
Earpenditure and numbers slain War Elizabeth. --During the entire 45 years the reign Elizabeth, fierce and almost incessant wars were carried on with the Irish princes, and chiefs; the earls Desmond, and the Geraldines Munster, and other great Anglo Irish families who resisted the Reformation. During the last years her reign, from 1588 1603, the contest raged with remarkable fury, particularly the North, against the O'Neills, O'Donnells, O'Rourkes, O'Reillys, Maguires, Mac Ma hons, Magennises, O'Kanes, &c. , who made the last stand Ulster for religous liberty and national independence. This contest called, O'Sullivan Beare, Bellum quindecem annorum, the
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663 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1600.
namely, sir Charles Blunt, lord Mountjoy, as lord forces, would follow him, visit Meath, Leinster,
thousand armed men, with the necessary supplies the most direct ways the earl Des foran expedition, was got ready to accompany those mond, and he directed his course towards Uaithnibh officers to Ireland, and those were proceed and Clanwilliam the borders the Shannon (the
justice, for there was not a lord justice in Ireland Munster, and the southern side
for two years till then ; and sir George Cary (Ca certain who were friendly
rew), as president over the two provinces of Mun When Dermod, with his party
ster; a fleet, which contained upwards of six amongst the allied Irish Ormond, proceeded
Ulster particu St.
Patrick that the council
diers, who were the service the earl Des ple and those the queen, and they carried mond, Munster, during the preceding year. conflict against Dermod and his force from the
land and sea the province
larly was about the festival
these matters were determined England.
baronies Owney and Arrain Tipperary and Ow neybeg and Clanwilliam Limerick). When the
baron Castleconnell (in Limerick), namely, Richard, the son Theobald, son William, son
Edmond Burke, heard Dermod’s arrival there, he and his brother Thomas collected all the was command over large body Irish sol horse and foot forces they could, their own peo
gentleman the house
namely, Dermod, the son Dudley, son Tuathal,
those wars, and some died their wounds disease, and others
1598, the public expenditurefor the sup port the army and other charges, was
were put Drury, died rott, died
- - - - -
In1601 ----- 322,502
O'Neill Ulster, 1597, and 1598, marshal Henry Bagnall was slain battle with O'Neill the Yellow Ford general sir John Norris died about the same time, the wounds received
the battles with O'Neill Ulster, and his brother, sir Thomas Norris, president Munster, and sir Henry Norris, were slain
battle with the Irish, 1599; and the same year, sir Conyers Clifford, governor Connaught, was slain the battle the
In 1602 Expenditure
Total
the previous years,
- above
290,733
1491,080 1240,779
Curlew mountains against O'Donnell; George Bingham, bro ther Richard, governor Connaught, was slain the Irish; sir John Chichester, governor Carrickfergus, was slain the Mac Donnells, and
£2,731,859
IIugh Maguire, Ireland, was put
Warham St. Leger was killed near Cork,
1600. The earl Essex, after his return from
death England, 1601, and sir Walter
Raleigh, who had been commander Ireland, was put death
The cost the war Elizabeth given Morrison, Cox, and Borlase. 1578, according Cox, the money sent Elizabeth
into Ireland since her accession the crown 1558, that for period years, amounted £490,779, nearly half million money. From 1573 1598, period years almost con tinued contest with the Irish chiefs, including the great war with
for treason.
O'Conor Don,
the English, and
£299,111 50,000 222,961 255,773 the earl Kildare, were mortally wounded battle with Contingencies - - - - - 50,000
than before. Morrison and Cox give the amount these years follows:
expenditure
Contingencies
In 1599 1600
Total
Borlase, his Reduction Ireland, says, that the war the Irish
with Elizabeth, the last four years, eost more than million money; and sir John Davis says, his Tracts, 79, that the war with O'Neill cost “a million sterling pounds least,” and Mor rison says, that during the last four years the cost was more than one million, besidesgreat Concordatums, great charge munitions, and other great extraordinaries. The entire cost the Irish wars
the reign Elizabeth was, above shown, nearly three mil
lions sterling, enormous expenditure
value money being estimated
greater than modern times, that
equivalent least £10 the present day; therefore, the
cost the war Elizabeth may estimated about thirty mil lions sterling.
Ireland, as opposed him. forces, arrived
Dermod proceeded, the end the same year,
monastery Uaitne (the abbey Owney, Abington, the barony Owneybeg), Droi cheat-Buinbriste, the county Limerick, and great number his leaders and common soldiers were slain during that distance. When Dermod
the beginning the month visit O’Neill, whom having terminated his visit
December, pay was kindly received;
O’Neill the month watchful
ding the previous calculations the present article, there fell
asked leave beginning
sired him which he was
January; O'Neill de and his party were crossing the forementioned
his satisfaction, return Munster, the
the countries through pass, and that himself, with his
bridge,
Burke, namely, the baron, and Thomas, rushed
those wars, during years, least 70,000
came from England, and about 30,000 more
and Irish allies, that 100,000 men the side
probably about the same number the Irish against the queen, either the field fainine, thus making all 200,000 men slain Ireland, the numerous battles, sieges, conflicts, burnings, and massacres, during the Elizabethean war. great number the English generals, and many the lords deputies, were killed
death England. The lord deputy sir William Waterford, 1579; the lord deputy sir John Per the Tower London; the lord deputy Borough, and
the Geraldines Munster, the cost must have been, moderate calculation, least £30,000 a-year, that about the average the preceding years, thus making £750,000. But the great war with Hugh O’Neill, and other chiefs, during the last four five years the reign Elizabeth, from 1597 1602, was carried with greater vigour, larger armies, and more enormous expenditure
the troops that their Anglo-Irish
was then that those two sons Theobald
those days, the relative least ten twelve times £1 that time being
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forward, with arrogance and fierceness, from the midst of their own force into the thick of Dermod’s
party, but they were not able to return back safe, they were surrounded, felled and put the
sword, without reserve, by their enemies; was cause lamentation what Dermod and his party committed on that occasion, viz. , the slaying the baron and Thomas, and although they were young
age, they were heroic fame and noble deeds.
could conveyed were carried away out
that nothing was left but ashes, instead
corn, and embers place dwellings; im mense numbers their men, women, sons, and daughters, were left dying, perishing state;
some gentlemen his own tribe and lineage were left the country, opposition O’Carroll.
O'Neill (earl Feardorcha, son
Corco
Tyrone), Hugh, the son
Con Bacach, mustered force January this year, march
Roscrea, Ikerrin (in Tipperary),
Teineadh (the parishes Templemore and Killea, with some adjoining districts, which was the pa trimony the O'Cahills, Tipperary), marching forward from one encampment another, until arrived the gate the monastery Holycross; they were not long there when the Holy Cross was brought them, shield and protect them, and the Irish gave large presents, alms, and many offerings, conservators and monks, honour the Almighty God; and they protected and respected the monastery, with buildings, the lands appro priated for use, and inhabitants, general. O'Neill remained for some part the month February this time the borders Ele-Deis ceartaidhe South Ely, the barony Eliogarty, Tipperary), the western part
the country the Butlers, along the river Suir and Kilnamanagh. The earl Ormond, namely, Thomas, the son James, son Pierce Butler, the earl Kildare, Gerald, the
the month
the south Ireland, confirm his friendship with those who were war alliance with him, and
wreak his vengeance his enemies. O’Neill,
having departed from the province Ulster, pro
ceeded along the borders Meath and Brefney, (county Cavan), and into Dealbna Mor (barony Delvin, Westmeath), and committed great
destruction through the country, until the baron Delvin, namely, Christopher, the son Richard,
son Christopher (Nugent), submitted O'Neill his own terms; completely spoiled Machaire Cuirche (barony Kilkenny West, West
meath), and every thing belonging Theobald Dillon. O’Neill afterwards marched the gates the town Athlone, along the southern side
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 663
O'Neill proceeded onward the borders ach-Mor Magh Dala, (near Burros,
Beal Ossory),
Clan-Colman, Kinel Fiachy (the territory
Mac Geoghegan, Westmeath), and into Farcall
(O'Molloy’s country, King's county), which
country remained encamped for nine nights, and son Edmond, son Gerald, and the bar the people Farcall, the south Leinster, and Delvin, namely, Christopher, the son
Westmeath, made their submission, and con Richard, son Christopher (Nugent), with firmed their friendship with him. O'Neill those who were service and obedience the leaving that country, proceeded over Slieve Bloom queen, from that country Dublin, were threat (Mountains the borders Tipperary, King's ening every night engage and attack O’Neill,
and Queen's counties) westward, and sent forth three predatory parties one day into the territory Ely, account his animosity against
O'Carroll, lord Ely, (in Tipperary and King's county), namely, Calvach, the son Wil liam Odhar, son Fearganainm, revenge the inhuman murder, and sanguinary abominable mas sacre which had committed the Orgiellian gentlemen the Mac Mahons, who were under his protection and his employment, we have stated the preceding year; the fate that evil deed befel the territory Ely that occasion, for cattle, wealth, and great property, that
and although they privately resolved that, they did not put into execution. O’Neill, after that,
marched the gates Cashel, which place the earl Desmond came meet him, namely, James, the son Thomas Roe, son James, son John, who had been appointed his command, and
his own authority, opposition the statutes
the sovereign, and they were rejoiced meet each
other; they afterwards proceeded westward across the Suir Cnamhchoill, Slieve-Muice, along the east Slieve-Claire, Bearnaigh-Dhearg, Clangibbon (barony Condons and Clangibbons,
the county Cork), Roche’s country (barony
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664 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1600.
of Fermoy, in Cork), and to the estate of Barry Mac Donoghs, lords of Duhallow); thither came more (barony of Barrymore). " O'Neill neither in the O’Donoghoes, the O’Donovans, O’Mahonys;
jured nor devastated anything in those countries thither came the greater portion of the English and
through which he passed, except of such as he
found were unfriendly on account of family discord;
he afterwards proceeded to Barry's country, as he
was always acting in support of the queen, and the sent to him tokens of submission, and valuable person who was at that time the Barry (lord Barry presents, except Barry More before mentioned; more), was David, the son of James, son of Richard, the lord of Muskerry, namely, Cormac, the son of son of Thomas, son of Edmond. O’Neill remained Dermod (Mac Carthy), and O’Sullivan Beare, i. e. in the country until he preyed, and burned, and Donal, the son of Donal, son of Dermod. O'Neill ransacked it from one corner to the other, both
plains and high grounds, and smooth and rugged districts, so that no one considered or expected it
would be occupied or inhabited for a long time.
O'Neill afterwards proceeded beyond Cork, and
across the river Lee southward, and he pitched his
campbetween the Lee and the river Bandon, on the
borders of Muskerry and Carberry; all the Mac
Carthys, north and south, came and submitted to
O'Neill in that camp; thither came two who were
in contention and strife with each other respecting
the lordship of Desmond, namely, the son of Mac
Carthy Riavach, i. e. Fingin (Florence), the son of from thence he went to Rinn-Corrain (Rincorran Donogh, son of Donal, son of Florence, and the son near Kinsale), viz. , the town of Barry Oge, in of Mac Carthy More, namely, Donal, the son of Kinel-Aodha (barony of Kinelea, in Cork); they Donal, son of Donal, son of Cormac Ladhrach; afterwards repaired back with their preys and thither came the sons of the lord of Ealla (the
A. D. 1600.
1. Localities in Tipperary, Limerick, and Cork. -The places
above mentioned in the text were situated in Tipperary and Lime rick, and the following account of these localities has been chiefly
collected from information kindly communicated by Andrew O'Ryan of Gortkelly, Esq. , in that county, a learned gentleman,
IG” The Passof Plumes. —At the year 1599, p. 649, an account has been given of the battle of the Pass of Plumes, in which the O'Moores of Leix, the O'Dempseys, and others, attacked and slew great numbers of the earl of Essex's cavalry, on his expedition to Munster. The locality where this engagement took place, is stated, in Lewis's Topographical Dictionary, and in the Dublin Penny
possessed of much knowledge on the ancient topography and fa Journal for March, 1835, in the article on Lea Castle, to be Bally milies of those localities, and clans of Tipperary, which he has brittas, or the Pass of Ballybrittas, in Queen's county, between furnished. Cnamhchoill is considered to be the place called Do Monastereven and Maryborough. But the learned antiquary noghille, in the parish of the same name, and barony of Clanwil
liam, anciently called Muiscry Cuirc, and this account appears to
agree with the statement of Keating on the ancient divisions of
Munster. Slieve Muice is situated on the borders of Tipperary,
not far from Galbally, and forms one of the chain of hills called
Slieve-na-Muck, at the foot of the Galtees, and overlooks the glen
of Aherlow, on the borders of Limerick. Slieve Claire is further
on in Limerick, and Bearna Dearg, or the Red Gap, are known by
those names at the present day; the latter place is traditionally
said to have been in ancient times the scene of a sanguinary con
flict, from which it got the name of the Red Gap or Pass. From year 1601, stating that Shane Mac Kedagh O'Moore, and Owny this place O'Neill appears to have crossed the river Funcheon to the
castle of Fitzgerald, called the White Knight, at Mitchelstown,
through Clangibbon and Condon's Country, in Cork, at the foot of
the Kilworth mountains, thence by Castle Drining and Castle Lee to Fermoy, or Roche's Country, to Barry's Castle, and by Rath
cormac and Glanmire to Cork. Slieve Eibhline, near Cashel, a place often mentioned in the Annals, is considered to be a large hill situated south-west of Mantle hill, near Golden, and between it and the parish of Clonoulty, in Tipperary, and it forms part of a chain of hills extending from Ballyowen to Cashel.
Mac Rory O'Moore (Anthony O'Moore), had entered into rebellion against the queen at Bealaronie (Ballyroan), on the 20th of June,
Irish of the two provinces of Munster, from the great town outward, in submission and obedience to O'Neill, and such of them as were not able to come,
obtained eighteen hostages of the chiefs of Munster at that camp, and he continued for fifteen days consulting and arranging matters among the men of Munster, and pacifying them with one another, in their contentions.
Maguire, i. e. Hugh, the son of Cuchonacht, was along with O’Neill at that time; one day, in the month of March this year, shortly before the fes tival of St. Patrick, he proceeded with a small party of horse, and some foot, to scour the dis tricts at a distance from the camp, and he did not halt until he arrived at the gates of Kinsale, and
booty, and with a great deal of beeves and provisions
Thomas L. Cooke, Esq. of Parsonstown in King's county, in a communication on the subject, which he has kindly furnished, con siders, with great probability, that the conflict of the Pass of Plumes took place within about a mile of the village of Ballyroan, in the parish of Ballyroan, between Maryborough and Abbeyleix ; the locality is still called The Pass, and there is a defile there, with a morass on the one side and the Cullinagh Hills on the other, and the river of Ballyroan in front, the whole presenting a most favourable place for an attack or ambuscade. Mr. Cooke quotes an Inquisition taken at Tankardstown, the 43rd of Elizabeth, or the
in the 41st of her reign, that is in the year 1599; and other Inqui sitions, taken at the same place and time, which find that many the O'Moores and others entered into rebellion Strad bally, confirm Mr. Cooke his opinion that the O'Moores came from Stradbally, and surprised the army Essex his left flank,
his march towards Abbeyleix.
on
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 665
As they were fatigued at the end of the day, exalted, and marched forward slay his enemy, after the long journey, on account of the greatness he did on that occasion, for he and sir Warham of their prey and booty, what Maguire's people attacked each other with fiercerage and determined did was, to remain in the next place to them, to animosity, and each them wounded the other; protect their prey and booty, and Maguire repaired, but, however, Warham was slain the spot by without stopping or halting, to proceed to O’Neill’s Maguire, and five the horsemen who were along
camp. When Maguire had left the camp, in the beginning of that very day, intelligence was sent
to Cork to sir Waram Salender (sir Warham St.
Leger), vice-president of the two provinces of
Munster, informing him of Maguire's departure
from the camp, with a small force, as he had gone,
and the direction in which he went ; sir Warham
did not neglect that affair, but immediately
mustered an active troop of horse, armed and obliged dismount from his horse, and imme clad in armour, and marched out from Cork to diately afterwards died. The death Maguire a certain narrow defile, by which he expected was cause profound sorrow and severe afflic Maguire would come on his return ; having re tion O’Neill, and the Irish chiefs general,
with sir Warham were killed like manner by Maguire; himself, however, was deeply cut
and wounded that conflict, and became incapa
ble carrying the contest that occasion,
that what did was, pass through them with out remaining fight any longer, and did not
proceed far from the place encounter when the weakness death came on him, that he was
mained a short time in that ambush, they espied Maguire coming towards them, with his small party of horsemen, and they having perceived each other, it was not to retrace a step, a disposition of
avoiding or an inclination to that the person who came thither displayed, but rather his courage was
Fermanagh, says, “albeit Hugh Maguire, that was slain Cuchonacht Constantine, became the Maguire, and joined Munster, was indeed valiant rebel, and the stoutest that ever O'Neill, but had many contests for the lordship with another was his name. ” An account the conflict between Maguire chief named Conor Roe, who joined the English, and was called and St. Leger given the Pacata Hibernia, Cox and Mac the queen's Maguire. Sir John Davis, his Tracts on Ferma
and that was not be wondered at, for he was the pillar battle and conflict, the shield pro
tection and deliverance, tower defence and fortitude, and the mainstay hospitality and gene rosity the Orgiellians, and most the Irish
general his time. ”
Death Maguire. —The above mentioned Hugh Maguire, five whom slew, and escaped from them, but died his
lord Fermanagh, was very valiant chieftain, and commanded,
for period about ten years, the war with Elizabeth; de
feated the English forces various engagements Ulster and
Connaught, which accounts have been given the course
these Annals, and was particularly distinguished com modern arm. Hugh Maguire was the last prince Fermanagh, mander cavalry under Hugh O'Neill, earl Tyrone, whom he for none the chiefs after his time possessed the power pro accompanied all his expeditions. Sir John Davis, his Tracts perty their ancestors. On the death Hugh, his brother,
Geoghegan. Maguire stated Mac Geoghegan have gone out from O'Neill's camp, reconnoitre the country near Cork, and was attended the time only by few followers, amongst others priest, with Niall O’Durnin, and Edmond Mac Caffry, his standard-bearer. About mile from Cork unexpectedly en countered sir Warham St. Leger, president Munster, the head party horsemen. the Pacata stated that St. Leger was accompanied several captains, and guard horse; and Fynes Morrison says that Henry Poer was also along with him. This encounter took place within about mile Cork, February, according the Pacata, but March, accord fng these Annals. Cox says, that St. Leger rode out take the air near Cork, when accidently met Maguire; but the Four Masters state that St. Leger went out with party prepared
magh, states that Conor Roe Maguire got grant the county Fermanagh from the queen letters patent, but was afterwards persuaded surrender his patent, and, on the submission Cu chonacht, the country was divided between the two chiefs. On the plantation Ulster with British colonies, the reign Jaines I. , almost the whole Fermanagh was confiscated and transferred
English and Scotch settlers; but, according Pynnar's Survey,
12,300 acres were regranted Conor Roe Maguire, the baro nies Magherastephana,Tirkennedy, Clankelly, and Knockninny.
Bryan Roe Maguire, son Conor Roe, was created baron En niskillen, James I. , and his son Conor, sister the cele brated Owen Roe O'Neill, succeeded second baron; he became
active leader the great insurrection 1641, and having laid plan seize the castle Dublin, was taken prisoner, sent
attack Maguire. The dauntless Maguire, though encountering
fearful odds, struck spurs his horse, and advanced like lion, and being tried for high treason, was, February, 1644,
for was man who never turned his back enemy. stated the Pacata that St. Leger instantly discharged pistol
hanged and beheaded Tyburn; account his trial given Temple's Irish Rebellion. Several other lords Enniskillen, the Maguires, are mentioned de Burgo's Hibernia Dominicana,
Maguire, and shot him, and was also struck the head
some the horsemen. The valiant Magnire, though mortally but they were merely nominal barons, having little none the
wounded, summoned all his strength, and struck St. Leger such blow with his sword, that cleft his head through his helmet, which wound soon after died. Maguire then dashing onward, with desperate energy, cut his way through the ranks horsemen,
property power their ancestors. Conor Maguire, son Con- or, who was executed Tyburn, became the third baron, and his son Hugh was the fourth Roger, his uncle, became the fifth baron;
wounds the same day. The sword the ancient chiefs the Ma guires was some tiune the possession Mr. Geraghty, the pub lisher these Annals; was excellent workmanship, scimitar form, but heavy that could hardly wielded any
London, and confined the Tower, where remained long time,
was colonel the service king James II. , and sat his
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666 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1600.
Some assert that O’Neill would not have re without an attack in any pass or defile, or the
turned from Munster ’till the following May, were death of any worth notice on his side, except
Maguire alone, as we have before stated. ”
The earl of Ormond and the earl of Thomond
proceeded from Limerick, along the river Suir, in
pursuit of O'Neill, and he having passed them
without battle or encounter, the earl of Thomond
burned some corn and dwellings in Clangibbon,
in the estateof the Ridire Fionn (the White Knight).
These two earls proceeded into the country of the Butlers, and to Kilkenny, where they passed the
Easter, and after the Easter holydays, they went to Dublin, to welcome and pay their respects to those
new officers who had come to Ireland, namely, lord Mountjoy, the lord justice, and George Ca rew, president the two provinces Munster; when these earls had made their visit Dublin, they returned back, without delay, accompanied
the president, until they arrived Kilkenny.
pose that the earl of Desmond might have their
aid and services. O’Neill afterwards proceeded, ted for holding conference between the earl
it not for the death of Maguire after that manner, so that what he did was to proceed south-east of
Cork, to the estate of Barry More (barony of Bar rymore), to Roche’s Country (barony of Fermoy),
and to Clangibbon ; he then took his leave of the Momonians, and he promised them that if he could get an opportunity, from the war carried on against him by the English, he would again visit them, to settle their disputes, arrange their affairs, and
make peace between them; he took some of their chiefs as hostages, and some as prisoners, to bring
them to Tyrone, and he left others of them in the keeping of the earl of Desmond, and of Redmond,
the son of John Burke; he gave his own autho rity and warrant to Dermod O'Conor and to the
sons of John Burke, for maintaining two thousand men in the country of the Geraldines, for the pur
in the most direct roads, to Cliadh of Mal, the son
of Ugaine (in the county of Limerick), to the river
Suir, and by the south of Cashel; although the
lord justice and the president (lord Mountjoy, and
sir George Carew), had a large army both by land
and sea, after having arrived in Dublin, on the
first days of March, and although the earl of Tho mond, and the earl of Ormond, were in Limerick,
prepared to attack him on his return from the south, he passed them in marching back in the
exact routes by which he had proceeded to Mun ster, until he arrived in Tyrone, without experi encing from them any disturbance or opposition,
parliament at Dublin, in 1689, but his estates were confiscated by king William, for his adherence to the House of Stuart. Philip, brother of Roger, was called the sixth baron, and was married to a daughter of sir Phelim O'Neill, general of the Ulster Irish, in 1641, by whom he had a son, Theophilus, called the seventh ba ron; his son Alexander, according to de Burgo, was the eighth tharon, and was a captain in Buckley's regiment, in the Irish Bri gades in the service of France.
Ormond, and Anthony, the son Rory Oge
O'Moore, and each accompanied num
ber men arms and armour, that meeting; the earl Ormond took with him, his own side, the president and the earl Thomond, that con ference; when both parties came the place parley, which had been selected between them, adjacent Beul-Atha-Raghat (Ballyragget), they began argue about their affairs, and complain their wrongs against each other, until length gentleman Anthony’s party laid hold the reins and trappings the earl Ormond’s horse, and finally determined make the earl prisoner; when
Irish Munster; but appears from the Annals, that only inci dentally visited the celebrated Cistercian abbey Holy-cross. O'Neill organised the forces Munster, and concerted measures with the earl Desmond for carrying the war; deposed Do nal Mac Carthy More, who had joined the English, and placed Flo rence MacCarthy, chief Carberry Cork, his stead, lord
Desmond. After remaining more than month Munster, where was honourably received most the chiefs, and recognised
3. O'Neill's Erpedition to Munster. —Morrison says, “Tyrone,
who had hitherto contented himself in the North, only making
short excursions from thence into the Pale, being proud of his vic
tories, and desirous to show his greatness abroad, resolved with
his forces to measure the length of Ireland. ” O'Neill set out on
this expedition from Tyrone, about the 20th of January, 1600, and
on the 23rd arrived in Cavan, where he was joined by some forces
of Brefney O'Reilly; he marched through Meath and Leinster,
with a force, according to Morrison, of 2,500 foot and 200 horse.
His object was to organise the forces of Leinster and Munster, and
concert measures with his friend, James Fitzgerald, earl of Des 1000 his men with the earl Desmond, and 800 with his ally
mond. Morrison and Cox state that O'Neill, under pretence of a Richard Butler, lord Mountgarret, and with small force only pilgrimage to Holycross in Tipperary, proceeded to orgauise the 600 men retuned by rapid marches Ulster.
was not long after that when day was appoin
the ancient kings Ireland, and having overran the ter the lords and chiefs who had joined the English, reduced subjection, and compelled them give hostages, re
like one
ritories
them
turned towards Leinster, and appointed Richard Tyrrell, chief commander that province. He then proceeded between Ath lone and Mullingar, through Westmeath, and stated Mor rison and Cox that, the 10th March, the lord deputy Moun joy proceeded with the English forces from Dublin, Mullingar,
intercept O’Neill, but, before the deputy arrived, had passed into Brefney O'Reilly. Morrison and Cox state that O’Neill left
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the president and the earl of Thomond saw that affair they turned their horses back, and did not halt until they arrived at Kilkenny; but, however, the earl of Thomond was wounded in that rencoun
ter; Anthony, the son of Rory (O'Moore), brought the earl of Ormond with him into the fastnesses
of his territory, and it was a news of surprise
throughout Ireland that the earl of Ormond should
have been imprisoned in that place. " In a week
after the earl of Ormond was taken prisoner, the
president and the earl of Thomond proceeded from
Kilkenny to Waterford, from thence to Youghal,
Thomond. was this time that private correspondence was carried between the presi dent and the earl Thomond, the one side, and Dermod, the son Dudley O'Conor, the other;
was person who was the military service the earl Desmond, for hire and pay, precious
gifts, and valuable property, for some years before this time, and who had then great number mercenary soldiers under his controul and com mand the determination which Dermod’s mis fortune brought him was, deliver the earl Desmond the president, and the earl Tho
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 667
and from Youghal to Cork. When the earl of mond, consideration wealth and profit, and
Desmond, and Florence, the son of Donogh Mac
Carthy, received intelligence of their arrival in that place, they came with their forces and for med extensive encampment tents, that they completely surrounded Cork, north and south,
every direction; they remained for whole fort
night that manner, when month's truce was
agreed upon between Florence Mac Carthy and
the president. After the truce was ratified between and the very centre his country and lands, them, the earl Desmond marched through the for Dermod’s power was very great, and his men country procure provisions for his Buannadha were very numerous that country. After (Bonaghts hired soldiers). When the president had taken the earl prisoner, the place where sent and the earl of Thomond learned that those who him guarded was, one the earl’s own were opposed them had separated from each castles, viz. ,Caislen-an-Lissin (Castlelissen), the
the freedom and benefit estate for himself, and for all those who joined him; sent messen gers privately with those conditions the president, and the earl (of Thomond), and they respectively
very centre the country the Geraldines, and
put many Conacian kerns were requisite defend and watch the castle into along with the earl, guard him that castle; himself
proceeded another part the country, and sent his messenger the president, and the earl Tho mond, inform them the affair, and demanding
that had been promised him for the earl. When
him prisoner. Carew and Thomond, who were convenient, be came alarmed, and ran his assistance; attempting rescue the earl, one his men was killed O'Moore's pikemen, five were wounded, and fourteen them taken prisoners. O'Moore
laid hands on Carew, but the earl Thomond rushed his assis tance, and they both escaped, says Morrison, the swiftness their horses; but the earl Thomond was wounded the back with the thrust pike. curious plate, with representa tion this affair, given the Pacata Hibernia. The countess
Ormond addressed letters O'Neill for the earl's liberation, which she obtained condition, says Mac Geoghegan, that he would not again act against his religion his country, and that he should give hostages for his fidelity. stated Lodge's Peerage that Ormond was detained prisoner by O'Moore 'till the 12th June, when was set liberty delivering hostages
ratified their compacts. Dermod did not delay what he had undertaken, for he took the earl Desmond prisoner, one the first days the month June this year, his own territory,
---
other, and that the way from Cork Limerick was clear them march, they proceeded with two
three hundred cavalry, and one two thousand soldiers, from Cork Mallow, from Mallow Kilmallock, and from Kilmallock Limerick. The earl of Desmond then marched into the Con
nelloes (in Limerick), with an immense force, watch and reconnoitre the president and the earl
Capture the Earl Ormond. —An account this affair given Morrison, Mac Geoghegan, Cox, and the Pacata Hiber
nia. On the 7th April, 1600, sir George Carew, president Munster, accompanied the earl Thomond, lord Audley, and many officers, with force 700 men, proceeded Naas and Carlow, and, the third day, arrived Kilkenny. They were
visited Thomas Butler, earl Ormond, who informed them that had appointed parley, arrange some disputes with the chief
Anthony O'Moore.
Kilkenny, with
called Corrone-duffe, Idough, near Bally ragget, the barony Fassadining, Kilkenny, towards the borders Queen's county. O'Moore came forward from the woods, where left his forces,
On the 11th they all rode out together from body their forces, and met O'Moore place
and was accompanied only few pikemen. The forces both parties were some distance, when the conference took place;
O'Moore was accompanied Jesuit named Archer, and Or for the payment £3000, should seek any retaliation for his
mond, having entered into controversy with him, called him
traitor, which O'Moore's people became enraged, and one them, having seized the earl, dragged him off his horse and made
injury; and stated the Annals 670, that Ormond was obliged deliver, for his release, sixteen hostages the sons the principal persons the country.
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668 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1600.
the Geraldines received intelligence of the capture arrived the walls of the earl, and of the predicament in which he was mind any opposition
placed, the race of Maurice Fitzgerald collected and made little
from quarters, certain day, the vicinity their people, until they length took the castle
Castlelissen; thither came Fitzmaurice Kerry, from the guards, and liberated the earl out namely, Patrick, the son Thomas, son Ed force, without paying ransom for him,
mond; the knight Kerry, namely William, the
son John, son William the knight Glyn, i. e. Edmond, the son Thomas, son Edmond,
son Thomas; the White Knight, namely Ed mond, the son John the earl’s own brother, i. e. John, the son Thomas Roe, and agentleman
the Burkes, whose name was William, the son Shane-na-Seamar, son Richard Saxanach, who
without himself being wounded, losing drop blood, and they gave quarter the guards.
That capture the earl Desmond became disgrace and dishonour Dermod O'Conor, throughout Ireland, and when the earl went mongst his people, commanded Dermod, and every Connaughtman who was along with him and their kerns, quit the country, which they accor dingly did forthwith, and they proceeded from the
had been engaged along with the earl, since was
appointed earl, till that time. After these had country the Geraldines with much wealth and assembled together, they were not long consul treasure, moveable property and cattle, and was
tation when they came the resolution dividing themselves the four quarters the castle,
not easy enumerate all that the Conacians car ried away with them, various kinds property,
before and that time, from the country the Geraldines, during the period their own con
tentions with each other, till then,”.
the month July, after that, the president
the place appointed Conello, the borders Limerick and Cork, attended some his men, and was there met O'Conor with party his soldiers; after some time controversy arose between the marshal O'Conor and Murrogh Mac Sheehy, the marshal Desmond, and then O'Conor laid hands on the earl, and made him prisoner the name O'Neill, declaring him trai tor, and justify this proceeding his followers, produced Carew's fictitious letter proof Desmond's guilt, saying had intercepted and thus falsely charging the earl having conspired against his life. Desmond was sent by O'Conor the fortress Castleishin, situated the great wood and fastnesses
the castle, and they did not injury they experienced,
that were slain and destroyed
attack forthwith, and
safety their bodies,
liberated the earl out
force; they then proceeded directly until they
have regard for the precious lives, until they
either by persuasion
Capture the earl of Desmond and death
These events are related the Pacata Hibernia, and
Cox, and Mac Geoghegan. The above-mentioned earl
was James Fitz-Thomas Fitzgerald, who had beenappointed earl
her brother, James Fitzgerald, whom the queen had about this time appointed earl Desmond, opposition the other James,
appointed earl O'Neill, and influenced by the offers induced her husband O'Conor undertake the capture
were, the earl Desmond, which the earl represented who commanded 100 foot the queen's pay; O'Conor having
and amongst the parties who conspired this transaction
tioned Miler Magrath, archbishop Cashel, one the chief
conspiring against the life O'Conor, and promising deliver him dead alive into the hands Carew. This forged letter was sent by Carew O'Conor, who was cognizant the plan, and was produce intercepted him, justify his soldiers
his taking Desmond; and thus O'Conor concealed his treachery from his own followers, having apparently good excuse for seiz ing the earl. These things being contrived, O'Conor sent mes sage Desmond, meet him place parley the 18th June, concert measures concerning the war. The earl came
taken refuge old church, Burke burned over his head, and coming out was taken prisoner, and 40 his men slain; on the following morning Burke cut off O'Conor's head, alleging
that did revenge for the death his cousin, Lord Burke, who was slain Munster, conflict with O'Conor. The lord deputy Mountjoy, according the Pacata Hibernia, cashiered and dismissed Theobald the Ships from the queen's service for this daring deed. Dermod O'Conor gained nothing by his treachery Desmond for he never received the thousand pounds had been
O'Conor— Morrison,
Desmond
Desmond by Hugh O'Neill, earl Tyrone, and was active
ally O'Neill against the queen. He was commonly called by
the Anglo-Irish the sugan earl, signifying the earl straw, his
title was not recognised by the English. He was distinguished
commander Munster for some years against the queen, and Cox
says he was the handsomest man his time. The plot for his
capture was formed by sir George Carew, president Munster,
and this treacherous transaction fully detailed the Pacata Hi Conello, on the borders Cork, Limerick, and Kerry, the ruins bernia. Dermod O'Conor Don, above-mentioned, was chief
the O'Conors Roscommon, very valiant man, who, with
body 1500 kerns and galloglasses from Connaught, had entered
the service of the earl of Desmond. O'Conor was married to Mar
garet, daughter Gerald Fitzgerald, the celebrated earl Des
mond who was put death the English Munster, I583,
related the Annals. The lady Margaret, promote the interests
Carew, the earl, men
before stated. The lady Marga
ers, safe conduct from Carew, and also from sir Arthur Savage, governor Connaught, and the earl Clanrickard, and Carew
sent 100 foot guard O'Conor soon he should enter Tho agents. O'Conor was promised reward £1000 for his trea mond. O'Conor set out October, and proceeded through Clan chery, soon he took Desmond prisoner, and, give colour rickard O'Shaughnessy's country near Gort, Galway, where the affair, Carew wrote with his own hand letter addressed, and his party were attacked Theobald Burke the Ships,
which castle still remain the parish Knock temple, the county Cork, near the mansion sir James Fitzgerald. The Geraldines, with Pierce Lacy and others, having assembled their
followers, took the fortress, and liberated the earl on the 26th June. Dermod O'Conor and his Connaughtmen were then ex pelled out Munster for his treachery Desmond, but the young
earl Desmond being sent
year (1600), O'Conor resolved
earl being his brother-in-law,
ret, the earl's sister, got for her husband, O'Conor, and his follow
Ireland by the queen the same repair him Munster, the
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 669
and the earl of Thomond, with a large force of Limerick, towards the borders Kerry). When soldiers, proceeded from Limerick westward, on O'Conor Kerry, namely John, the son Conor the northern side of the Shannon, through the O'Conor, learned that the forces the country county of Clare, until they arrived at Baile-Meg were diminished, and that Cloch-Gleanna (the Colmain in Triocha-ced of eastern Corcobaiscin Rock the Glyn), had been taken without (barony of Clonderlaw); they then crossed the slaughter hazard, went the president and Shannon in boats to Cloch-Ghleanna (the Rock of earl (of Thomond), and promised
the Glen), a town (or castle), which lies on the alliance with his sovereign from that forth, and southern banks of the Shannon, and was one of gave up his castle Carrigafoyle (on small island the towns of the Knight of the Glyn; and it was Kerry, near the mouth the Shannon),
from that Glen in which the town is situated, viz. , guarantee and security the president and the Gleann-Corbraighe, the knight took his title, and earl. When became generally known Kerry,
also that Rock, to which the great clamorous force came, derived its name; large ordnance was con veyed in boats from Limerick to the president and the earl of Thomond, to the same castle, and having planted it against the castle, they
and Clan Maurice, that the queen’s people gained those advantages over their opponents,
they commenced demolish their castles, and leave their residences and family seats wide open; they took away with them their women and people behind the rugged-topped hills, and into intricate and retired woods, from along the river Mang (in
the end two days, and demolished the heavy ordnance, after which
reduced portion
they assaulted
twenty forty the officers and common soldiers
the Knight’s people, who were guarding the castle, along with many women and young people; some the men the president, and the earl, were also slain by the guards, and that castle would not easily taken, were not that his people separated from the earl Desmond before that time. (This was the castle Fitzgerald, the Knight Glyn, the banks the Shannon
directions, and they slew Kerry), and the borders Desmond. When the president and the earl Thomond learned that
promised, besides, he lost his life consequence that transac
tion; the lady Margaret was meet Carew Kilmallock, and queen's forces promise pardon, and receiving sum £60
receive the money, but before that affair was arranged, the earl of Desmond was rescued from Castleishin, and O'Conor was refused his reward. The earl Desmond’s forces being dispersed the course the war, was reduced great distress, and the 29th
May, 1601, while concealed cave the mountain Slieve grot, Tipperary, was taken prisoner by Fitzgibbon, called the White Knight, chief the Clan Gibbon, branch the Geraldines
Munster, hence called Fitzgerald some writers; the White Knight was bribed by Carew betray Desmond, and hav ing delivered him Shandon Castle, received from Carew, says Mac Geoghegan, reward £1000 for this infamous act. The earl was some time secured irons Shandon castle, and, being tried Cork, was condemned for treason. About the same time the celebrated chief, Florence Mac Carthy Desmond, who was alliance with O'Neill, was likewise, by the contrivance Carew, taken prisoner, and and the earl Desmond were sent together prisoners London, the 14th August, 1601, and confined the tower, where, after imprisonment seven years, the earl died 1608, and was buried the chapel the Tower. Another plot was laid Carew, 1600, against John Fitz Tho mas Fitzgerald, the earl Desmond's brother, the particulars which are given the Pacata Hibernia. the year 1600 this John Fitzgerald was posted, with 200 men, strong fortress
island Lough Guire, lake about three miles from Bruff, Limerick; May, the president, Carew, attacked the place with his cannon, and one Owen Grome, stranger from the North, says
the
money, which was paid, by the president's order, by one Row ley. At this time John Nugent, one the Irish leaders, was in duced by Carew plot against the life John Fitzgerald, and his brother the earl, the president having promised him not only pardon, but also “some store crowns relieve his wants here after. ” Nugent, these conditions, promised that would soon ruin the earl Desmond, his brother John. Carew says that Nugent was valiant and daring that would attempt any thing. John Fitzgerald rode forth from his fortress Lough Guire, towards the fastness Arloghe, where most his men were posted, and accompanied only gentleman namedJohn Coppinger; Nugent, soon their backs wereturned, following them short distance, came up with pistol his hand, charged with two bullets, prepared the bloody deed, when Coppinger, perceiving his intent, instantly snatched the pistol from his hand, crying out “Treason whereupon Fitzgerald suddenly turned upon the assassin. Nugent thought escape the goodness his horse, and spurred hard, but the horse stumbled, and was taken, and having examination confessed his intent, was hanged Fitzgerald on the next day. stated the Pacata that Nu gent, when going hanged, confessed that was his intention,
soon had killed Fitzgerald, have gone the camp the earl Desmond, communicate the first news his brother's death, and then call him aside and kill him. This John Fitz gerald, 1603, retired Spain, where was styled earl Des mond, and died 13arcelona.