No More Learning

t. Edictum. )
dictatorship of Caesar. (Sall. Hist. in Or. Lep. ; Cornelius was a man of blameless private life,
Cic. de off. ii. 8. )
and, in his public character, though he was accused
2. CORNELIUS PHAGITA, the commander of a of factiousness by the nobles, seems to have adva
company of soldiers, into whose hands Caesar fell cated useful measures. (Asconius, in Cic. pro
when he was proscribed by Sulla in B. c. 82. It Cornel. ; Dion Cass. xxxvi. 21, 23; Drumann's
was with difficulty that Cornelius allowed him to Gesch. Roms, ii. p. 613. )
(J. T. G. ]
escape even after receiving a bribe of two talents, CORNEʻLIUS, succeeded Fabianus as bishop
but Caesar never punished him when he afterwards of Rome on the 4th of June, A. D. 251. He is
obtained supreme power. (Suet. Caes. 74; Plut. chiefly remarkable on account of the controversy
Cacs. 1.
which he maintained with Novatianus in regard to
3. C. CORNELIUS, tribune of the plebs, B. C. 67, the readmission of the Lapsi, that is, Christians
whom Cicero defended. See below.
who after baptism, influenced by the terrors of per-
4. C. CORNELIUS, a Roman knight, and one of secution, had openly fallen away from the faith.
Catiline's crew, undertook, in conjunction with L. Cornelius was disposed to be lenient towards the
Vargunteius to murder Cicero in B. c. 63, but their renegades upon receiving full evidence of their
plan was frustrated by information conveyed to contrition, while Novatianus denied the power of
Cicero througb Curius and Fulvia. When accused the church to grant forgiveness under such circum-
subsequently, he could obtain no one to defer. d stances and restore the culprits to her communion.
bim; but he escaped punishment probably on ac. The result of the dispute was, that, upon the elec-
count of the information he gave respecting the tion of Cornelius, Novatianus refused to acknow-
conspiracy. When P. Sulla was accused in B c. ledge the authority of his opponent, who summoned
62 of participation in the conspiracy, Cornelius a council, by which his own opinions were fully
caused his son to come forward as a witness against confirmed. Upon this the religious warfare raged
biin. (Sal. Cat. 17, 28; Cic. pro Sull. 2, 6, 18. ) more fiercely than ever; Novatianus was irregu-
5. P. CORNELIUS, tribune of the plebs, B. c. 51. larly chosen bishop by some of his own partizans,
(Cic. ad Fum. vii. 8. )
and thus arose the schism of the Novatians. (No.
6. CORNELIUS, a centurion in the army of VATIANUS. ) Cornelius, however, enjoyed his
young Octavianus, was at the head of the embassy dignity for but a very brief period. He was
sent to Rome in B. C. 43, to demand in the name banished to Civita Vecchia by the emperor Gallus,
of the army the consulship for their general. in A. D. 252, where he soon after died, or, accord-
When the senate hesitated to comply with their ing to some accounts, suffered martyrdom. He is
demands, Cornelius threw back his cloak, and known to have writted several Epistles, two of
pointing to the hilt of his sword, exclaimed, “ This which addressed to Cyprian will be found in the
shall make him consul, if you won't. ”(Suet. Aug. 26. ) works of that prelate, and in Coustant's “ Epistolae
C. CORNELIUS, of a plebeian branch of the Pontificum," p. 125, while a fragment of a third is
Cornelia gens, was quaestor of Pompey the Great. preserved in the ecclesiastical history of Eusebius.
In the year B. C. 67, he was tribune of the plebs, (vi. 43. ) (CYPRIANUS. ]
(W. R. )
and proposed a law in the senate to prevent the CORNELIUS, SE'RVIUS. In the Graeco-
lending of money to foreign ambassadors at Rome. Roman Epitome Legum, composed about A. D. 945
The proposition was not carried, since many of by one Embatus, and preserved in MS. at Flo-
the senators derived profit from the practice, which rence (Cod. Laurent. lxxx. 6), it is stated, that
had led to shameful abuses by the bribery and ex- Servius Cornelius was employed by the emperor
tortions which it covered. He then proposed that Hadrian, in conjunction with Salvius Julianus, to
no person should be released from the obligations collect, arrange, and remodel the edictum per-
of a law except by the populus. The senate had petuum. The passage (which, though the late-
of late exercised a power, analogous to that of the ness of its date diminishes its value, is the most
British Parliament in passing private acts, which explicit of the few that relate to this obscure part
exempt individuals in certain cases from the general of legal history) is given by Klenze. (Lehrbuch
provisions of the law. This power the senate was der Gesch. des Röm. Kicchts. p. 51. ) [J. T. G. ]
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CORNIFICIUS.
057
CORNIFICIUS.
CORNE'LIUS CELSUS. (Celsus. )
2. Q. Cornificius, was one of the judices on
CORNE’LIUS CHRYSOGONUS. (Chrythe trial of Verres, and tribune of the plebs in the
SOGONUS. )
following year, B. C. 69. He probably obtained
CORNELIUS FRONTO. [Fronto. ] the praetorship in 66, and was one of Cicero's
CORNEʼLIUS FUSCUS. [Fuscus. ) competitors for the consulship in 64. His failure,
CORNEʻLIUS LACO. (Laco. ]
however, did not make him an enemy of the great
CORNELIUS MARCELLUS. (MARCEL orator; he seems to have assisted him in the sup
LUS. ]
pression of the Catilinarian conspiracy, and it wils
CORNELIUS MARTIALIS. (MARTIALIS. ) to his care that Cethegus was committed upon the
CORNELIUS NEPOS. (Nepos. )
arrest of the conspirators. Subsequently in B. C.
CORNE’LIUS TACITUS. (Tacitus. ] 62, Cornificius was the first to bring before the
CORNE'LIUS TLEPOʻLEMUS. [TLEPO senate the sacrilege of Clodius in viulating the
LEMUS. )
mysteries of the Bona Dea. He probably died
CORNE’LIUS TUSCUS. [Tuscus. ] soon afterwards, as we hear nothing further of him.
CORNI'ADES (Kopvidons), an intimate friend He is called by Asconius “vir sobrius ac sanctus. ”
of Epicurus, is spoken of by Cicero (de Fin. v. 31) (Cic. in l'err. Act. i. 10; Ascon. in Tog. Cand. p.
as paying a visit to Arcesilaus. The MSS. of Ci- 82; Cic. ad Atl. i. 1; Sall. Cat. 47; Appian,
cero bare Carneades, but there can be little doubt B. C. ii. 5; Cic. ad Att. i. 13. )
that Corniades is the correct reading, since the 3. Q. CORNIFICIUS, son of No. 2, is first men-
latter is mentioned by Plutarch (non posse suaviter tioned in B. c. 50, as betrothing himself to the
riri sccundum Epicur. p. 1089) as a friend of Epi- daughter of Aurelia Orestilla, the beautiful but
pro-
curus, and the former could not possibly have | Migate widow of Catiline. (Cic. ad Fam. viii. 7. )
been the friend of Epicurus, as Carneades died in In the civil war between Caesar and Pompey, he
B. c. 129, and Epicurus in B. c. 209.
served in 48 as the quaestor of the former, by
COʻRNICEN, a “horn-blower," an agnomen of whom he was sent into Illyricum with the title of
Postumus Aebutius Elva, consul B. C. 442 [ELVA), propraetor. By his prudence and military skill,
and a cognomen of the Oppia gens.
Cicero uses Cornificius reduced the province to a state of obe-
the form Cornicinus. (See No. 2. )
dience, and rendered no small service to Caesar's
1. Sr. Oppius CORNICE», a plebeian, one of the cause. (Hirt. B. Aler. 42. ) He seems to have
second decemvirate, B. C. 450. When the other returned to Rome in the following year, and was
decem virs had to march against the enemy, Cor-then probably rewarded by Caesar with the augu-
nicen was left as the colleague of App. Claudins to rate, as we find, from Cicero's letters, that he was
take care of the city; and it was he who convened in possession of that office in the next year. He
the senate when the people rose in arms upon the also formed an intimate friendship with Cicero,
death of Virginia. In the next year, he was sent several of whose letters to him are exunt. (dd
to prison on the evidence of an old soldier, whom, Fam. xii. 17-30. )
after twenty-seven years of service, he had ordered Cornificius did not remain long in Rome. In
to be scourged without any cause; but Cornicen, B. C. 46, we find him in Syria, where he was ob-
fearing the result of a trial, put an end to his own serving the movements of Caecilius Bassus, and in
life in prison. (Liv. iii. 35, 41, 49, 50, 58; Dio the beginning of the following year he was ap-
nys. x. 58, xi. 23, 44, 46. )
pointed by Caesar governor of Syria. (Cic. ud Fam.
2. (Oppius) CORNICINUS, a senator, the son-in- xii
. 18, 19. ) This office, however, he did not hold
law of Sex. Atilius Serranus, tribune of the plebs, long, for on the death of Caesar, in B. C. 44, he
B. C. 57. (Cic. ad Att. iv. 2. )
was in possession of the province of Old Africa.
CORNIFI'CIA. 1. Daughter of Q. Cornificius This he maintained for the senate against L. Cal-
[CORNIFICIUS, No. 2], was sought in marriage by visius Sabinus, and continued to adhere to the
Juventius Thalna in B. C. 45, when she was rather same party on the formation of the triumvirate, in
advanced in years and had been married several 43. He sent troops to the assistance of Sex.
times; but she refused his offer, because his for- Pompey, and gave shelter and protection to those
tune was not large enough. (Cic. ad Att. xiii. 29. ) who had been proscribed by the triumvirs. He
2. Sister of the poet Cornificius, is said by refused to surrender his province to T. Sextius,
Hieronymus (Chron. Euseb. Ol. 184. 4) to have who commanded the neighbouring province of
written some excellent epigrams, which were ex- New Africa, and who had ordered him, in the
tant in his time.
name of the triumvirs, to do so. Hereupon a war
CORNI'FICIA, the last surviving daughter of broke out between them. The details of this war
M. Aurelius, was put to death by Caracalla, and a are related somewhat differently by Appian and
very interesting account of her last moments and Dion Cassius; but so much is certain, that Corni-
last words has recently come to light in the frag- ficius at first defeated T. Sextius, but was eventu-
ments of Dion Cassius discovered by Mai. (Mai, ally conquered by the latter, and fell in battle.
Fragment. Vatican, ii. p. 230. ) [W. R. ] (Appian, B. C. ii. 85, iv. 36, 53—56; Dion Cass.
CORNI‘FICIA GENS, plebeian, seems to xlviii
. 17, 21; Liv. Epit. 123. )
have come originally from Rhegium. (Cic. ad Fam. Cornificius was a man of literary habits and
xii. 25. ) No persons of this name occur till the tastes. Cicero speaks highly of his judgment
last century of the republic; and the first who ob- when he sends him in B. c. 45 a copy of his ** Ora-
tained any of the higher honours of the state was tor,” but seems to banter him somewhat respecting
Q. Cornificius, praetor, B. C. 66. On coins the his oratory. (Cic. Ad Fam. xii. 17, 18. ) Many
name is written Cornuficius, which is also the form have attributed to him the authorship of the
used by Dion Cassius (xlviii. 21).
“ Rhetorica ad Herennium. ” Some remarks are
COŘNI'FICIUS. '1. Cornificius, secretary made on this subject below.
(scriba) of Verres in his praetorship, B. C. 74. The following coin refers to this Cornificius. It
(Cic. in l'err. j. 57. )
bears on the obverse the head of Ammon, and on
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## p. 858 (#878) ############################################

858
CORNIFICIUS.
CORNUTUS.
opet
HvevRIME
the reverse Juno holding a shield and crowning a published in that year. The etymologies of Cor-
man who has a lituus in his right hand, with the nificius, frequently quoted by Festus, were taken
legend Q. CORNvFICI AVGVR IMP. From the undoubtedly from this work, and are rather worse
head of Ammon, it would appear to have been than the usual wretched etymologies of the an-
struck in Africa, and the title of Imperator was cients. Thus, for instance, nare is derived from
probably given him by his soldiers after his vic- naris, because “aqua feratur natans ut avis ;”
tory over T. Sextius.
oscillare from os and caelare; nuptiae from novus
quod nova petantur conjugia," the word for
marriage being of course of no consequence !
Again, there is a poet Cornificius mentioned by
Ovid (Trist. ii. 436), and also by Macrobius, who
has preserved an hexameter line and a half of a
poem of his, entitled “Glaucus. ” (Sat. vi. 5. )
Donatus, in his life of Virgil (SS 67, 76), likewise
speaks of a Cornificius who was an enemy and a
4. L. Cornificius, was one of the accusers of detractor of the Mantuan bard; and Servius tells
Milo in B. c. 52, after the death of Clodius. (As- 11s, that Cornificius is intended under the name of
con. in Milon. pp. 40, 54, ed. Orelli. ) The P. Amyntas in two passages of the Eclogues. (Serv.
Cornificius, a senator, also mentioned by Asconius ad Virg. Ecl. ii. 39, v. 8. ) Now, it seems proba-
(In Milon. p. 37), is probably the same person. ble enough that the poet mentioned by Ovid and
5. L. Cornificius, probably, from his praeno- Macrobius are the same ; but his identity with the
men, the son of No. 4, was the accuser of M. detractor of Virgil is rendered doubtful by the
Brutus in the court by which the murderers of statement of Hieronymus (Chron. Euseb. 01. 184.
Caesar were tried. He afterwards commanded | 4), that the poet Cornificius perished in B. C. 41,
the fleet of Octavianus in the war against Sex. deserted by his soldiers. Heyne, who is followed
Pompey, and by his boldness and bravery saved by Clinton, remarks, that, if the date of Hierony-
the fleet when it was in great danger off the coast mus is correct, the poet Cornificius must be a dif-
of Sicily (B. C. 38), and took the ship of Demo- ferent person from the detractor of Virgil, as the
chares, the admiral of the Pompeian squadron. I latter had not risen to eminence sn early as B. c.
Cornificius again distinguished himself in the cam-41; but Weichert (Poëtarum Latinorum Reliquiae,
paign of B. c. 36. He had been left by Octavianus p. 167) observes, that as the “Culex" was written
with the land forces at Tauromenium, where they in B. c. 44 and some of the Eclogues before B. C. 41,
were in circumstances of the greatest peril; but by the rising fame of Virgil may have provoked the
a most bold and dangerous march he arrived at jealousy of Cornificius, who is described by Dona-
Mylae, and united his army with Agrippa's. For tus as a man“ perversae naturae. ”
At all events,
these services he was rewarded with the con- it is likely enough that the poet Cornificius is the
sulship in the following year, B. C. 35; and he same as the Cornificius to whom Catullus addresses
considered himself entitled to such honour from his 38th poem.
saving the lives of the soldiers, that he was accus- CORNU'TUS, occurs as an agnomen in the
tomed afterwards at Rome to ride home upon an family of the Camerini, who belonged to the pa-
elephant whenever he supped out. Like the other trician Sulpicia gens (CAMERINUS), and also as a
generals of Augustus, Cornificius was obliged after cognomen of several plebeians whose gens is un-
wards to expend some of his property in embel- known.
lishing the city, and accordingly built a temple of 1. C. CORNUTUS, tribune of the plebs in B. C.
Diana. (Plut. Brut. 27; Appian, B. C. v.