The men were in capital spirits, for at noon to-day — after they had been quartered here for months as guards of the tombs of Apis and of the temples of the Necropolis —
commanding
officer of the Diadoches had arrived at Memphis, who had ordered them to break up at once, and to withdraw into the capital before nightfall.
Universal Anthology - v05
The translation is mainly from Prior : —
Sad Heraclitus with thy tears return ;
Life more than ever gives us cause to mourn. Democritus, dear droll, revisit earth :
Life more than ever gives us cause for mirth.
Between you both I stand in thoughtful pother,
How I should weep with one, how laugh with t'other.
112 FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS.
FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS. (In part translated for this work. )
Chant of the Arval Brothers.
Give to us thy help, O Lars !
Suffer not the plague to fall upon thy people, Mars !
Be thy fury sated, Mars ! — [To the dancers.
Leap on the sill :
Let the beating be still. —
Call on the demigods to shield us from ill.
Once again, Mars, we implore! —
Triumph, triumph, triumph, triumph, we will sing it o'er and o'er !
N^EVTUS.
[Flourished about b. c. 235-204. One of the earliest of Roman dramatists, ranked by them as third among their comedians ; but more important as poet, being the forerunner of Roman satiric poetry, and creator of the Roman epic]
On a Coquette.
As if in a ring at play, tossing a ball,
To one after another, the same with them all,
She turns : here a nod, there a wink she bestows :
To one she makes love, to another clings close ;
Here she busies her hand, there a foot she will press ; The next has her ring to inspect and caress ;
There's a kiss blown to one, and she sings with a second, While with signs on her fingers another is beckoned.
Epitaph on Himself.
If e'er o'er beings mortal might sorrow those divine,
Then o'er the poet Naevius would weep the heavenly Nine ; For since the bard was treasured old Orcus' store among, At Rome they have forgotten to speak the Latin tongue.
Plautus.
[See " Mostellaria " for biography. ] Epitaph on Himself.
Since Plautus died, Thalia beats her breast ; The stage is empty : Laughter, Sport, and Jest, And all the tuneless measures, weep distrest.
FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS. 113
Enkius.
[Usually considered the greatest of Roman poets before the time of Lucre tius, and the real founder of the indigenous Roman school of verse. Born b. c. 239, in the half Greek, half Oscan town of Rudiae, probably educated at Taren- tum, and serving as soldier and centurion till middle age, he came to Rome with Cato the Censor in 204, having a remarkable variety of influences, cultivation, and experience; taught Greek ; went campaigning again ; was intimate with the best families in Rome, a friend of Scipio Major among others, and died b. c 160. He wrote tragedies, satires, a long historical poem called the " Annals," and
other works. ]
Pyrrhus to the Roman Envoy.
[After the early victories of Pyrrhus over the Romans (b. c. 280-279), he sent an embassy to negotiate a peace. They refused, but sent Fabricius to make terms for ransoming the prisoners in Pyrrhus's hands. Ennius puts these words into his mouth in reply, which in substance must be historical. ]
I seek no gold, nor must you offer me
A payment. Let us wage this war together
As soldiers, not as hucksters in the market ;
With steel, not gold — our lives to be the stake. Whether our mistress Fortune purposes
That you or I should rule, or what she wills,
That let us leave to valor. Further, hear
What I now say : the brave man whom the chance Of battle spares to life, his freedom too
I have resolved to spare. Take this my offer Even as I make by the great gods' grace,
Rorr. an Quackery.
value not mite your Marsian augurs,
Your village seers, your market fortune tellers, Egyptian sorcerers, dream interpreters
No prophets they by knowledge or by skill But superstitious quacks, shameless impostors, Lazy or crazy slaves of indigence,
Who tell fine stories for their proper lucre Teach others the highway, and cannot find
A byway for themselves promise us riches, And beg of us drachma — let them give Their riches first, then take their drachma out.
Moral to a Fable.
Learn from my tale this ready saw and true
Ne'er trust your friends for what yourself can do. vol. v. —
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114 FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS.
The Lament of Andromache. (Translated by W. E. Aytoun. )
Whither shall I flee for refuge ? Whither shall I look for aid ? Flight or exile, which is safer ? Tower and town are both betrayed. Whom shall I implore for succor ? Our old altars are no more, Broken, crushed they lie, and splintered, and the flames above them
roar. —
And our walls all blackened stand
O thou haughty house of Priam — temple with the gates surrounded, I have seen thee — all thy splendor, all thy Eastern pomp unbounded — All thy roofs and painted ceilings — all the treasures they contain,
I have seen them, seen them blazing — I have seen old Priam slain, Foully murdered, and the altar of the Highest bears the stain.
A Possible Portrait of Himself.
Thus speaking, he calls one with whom he is wont, and most gladly, to share
His table and converse alike, and the load of his business and care, When wearied with making great part of the counsel and day-long
debate
In broad Forum and reverend Senate, on highest concerns of the
State ;
To whom matters of moment and trifles and jest he can speak and
be bold, —
Can pour forth all at once, if he wish, good and bad, what there is to
be told,
And put in safe keeping ; with whom both in public and private he
knows
High pleasure and joy ; whom no evil nature the fancies dispose
To base acts out of malice or levity ; learned, and loyal in act, Agreeable, eloquent, cheerful, content with himself, full of tact, Suiting speech to the season, right courteous, with words not too
many for need ;
Versed in buried antiquities, gaining from years and from study the
meed
Of knowing the old ways and new, many laws both of men and
divine ; —
Who knows when the counsels of prudence to speech and to silence
incline.
The Problem of Divine Government.
That the race of gods exists in heaven, I have ever said and say : But I do not think they care how the race of men live out their day ; For then the good would have good, the bad bad, which now is far away.
O my father ! fatherland !
FRAGMENTS OP EARLY ROMAN POETS. 115
Inscription for Tomb of Scipio Major.
Here lies on whom compatriot or foe Meed for his actions never could bestow.
Another for the Same.
From dawn-land, or Maeotis' swamp beyond,
There lives no man whose deeds can match my own.
Could any climb with right the gods' domain, Heaven's mighty gate stands wide to me alone.
To Himself.
Hail, poet Ennius, who to mortal men Pledgest thy flaming verses marrow-born.
His Old Age.
So a strong steed, who oft the race has run Around the vast Olympian course, and won, Now rests in peaceful age, his service done.
Epitaph on Himself.
Why ?
Pacuvius.
[Nephew of Ennius, and like him a native of Brundisium, South Italy ; born b. c. 220, and died about b. c. 130. He was a painter of great celebrity, and held in the front rank of tragic poets. ]
Departure of the Greeks from Troy.
Now the crested billows whiten as the sun is hasting down ; Twofold darkness falls around us, night and storm-clouds blind the
sight;
'Mid the clouds the levin blazes; trembles heaven beneath the
crash ;
Hail with torrent rain commingling, bursts in headlong whirlwind
down ;
All the winds rush forth about us ; sweeps the wild tornado round ; Boils the sea with glowing fury.
Compatriots, come and look upon old Ennius' sculptured form :
He penned your fathers' mighty deeds to keep their memory warm. Let no one honor mine with tears, nor weep the funeral day :
Istill live, and through men's mouths flit to and fro for aye.
116 FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS.
Epitaph on Himself.
Youth, even though thou art hurrying, this stone asks a boon of thee :
That thou wilt gaze upon then read what its gravings telL Here are the bones of Pacuvius Marcus, the poet, laid.
could wish this, all unknowing what thou mayst be. Farewell.
Attius or Accius.
[Bora b. c. 170 lived to great age, as Cicero when a young man (»i. c. 85- 80) frequently conversed with him. His tragedies are praised by the ancients for vigor of language and elevation of thought. He also wrote annals in verse, like Ennius and prose works. ]
Tarquin — Dialogue between Tarquin and the Diviners.
When at night's urgency gave my frame
To rest, and soothed my languid limbs with sleep, A shepherd seemed in slumber to accost me. . . . Two kindred rams were chosen from the flock,
A fleecy treasure of beauty rare
Whereof slew the fairer on an altar.
Then did his fellow with his horns essay
To butt, and overthrew me on the ground
Where as lay sore wounded in the dirt,
gazed on heaven, and there beheld a sad And wondrous sign the fiery ray-girt sun Passed back in strange disorder to his right.
Diviners —
Good my liege, no marvel the forms of waking thought,
Care, and sight, and deed, and converse, all revisit us in sleep
But we may not pass regardless sight so unforedeemed as this. Wherefore see lest one thou thinkest stupid as the flocks that graze Bear heart with choicest wisdom purified and fortified,
And expel thee from thy kingdom. For the portent of the sun Shows there change impending o'er the people of thy sway.
May the gods avert the omen near the mighty star
From his left to right returning, shows thee clearly as his light That the Roman people's greatness shall become supreme at last
A Shepherd describes his First Sight of a Ship.
The monster bulk sweeps on
Loud from the deep, with mighty roar and panting.
It hurls the waves before stirs up whirlpools On, on bounds dashes back the spray. Awhile, seems bursting tempest cloud
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FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS. 117
Awhile, a rock uprooted by the winds,
And whirled aloft by hurricane ; or masses Beaten by concourse of the crashing waves ;
The sea seems battering o'er the wrecks of land ; Or Triton, from their roots the caves beneath Upturning with his trident, flings to heaven
A rocky mass from out the billowy deep.
Lttcilius.
[Born b. o. 148, at Suessa, on the Santa Croce mountains; died 103, at Naples. He served under Scipio in Spain ; and is said to have been a grand- uncle, if not grandfather, of Pompey the Great. Roman writers proclaim him a satirist of immense vigor and great poetic force, the founder of Roman satirio poetry in its artistic form, and by some regarded as the greatest of all in his own class. ]
The Ideal of Life.
Virtue, Albinus, is the power to give
Their due to objects amid which we live ;
What each possesses, faithfully to scan;
To know the right, the good, the true for man ; Again to know the wrong, the base, the ill ; What we should seek, and how we should fulfill; Honor and wealth at their true worth to prize ; 111 men and deeds repudiate, hate, despise ;
Good men and deeds uphold, promote, defend, Exalt them, seek their welfare, live their friend ; To place our country's interests first alone ;
Our parents' next ; the third and last, our own.
Debating in Place of Action.
But now from morning till night, work-day and holiday too,
The whole day just the same, people and Senate alike
Bustle about in the Forum, and never keep quiet a moment, — Each singly devoting himself to the self-same study and art,
To bandy words with the utmost wariness, fighting with craft, Vying in outward politeness, and plotting — with counterfeit airs Of being virtuous men — as if each were the foe of the rest
Gfrcecomania in Rome.
Albucius, rather by the name of Greek
Than Roman or of Sabine, countryman
Of the Centurions, Pontius and Tritannius, Distinguished men, our foremost, standard-bearers, You would be called. As pretor of Athens, then, Greek as you wish, when you approach, I hail you :
118
FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS.
" Chaere," I say, " O Titus. " And my lictors, My escort, all my staff, repeat with me,
" Chaere, O Titus. " Then from hence, Albucius, You are my private and my public foe.
The Superstitious Man.
The hobgoblins and bogies set up from Faunus and Numa Pompilius, He trembles before them, there's nothing he does not credit them
with;
As babies imagine all figures of bronze are alive and are men,
So such persons believe that those figments are true, and that souls Indwell in these statues of bronze, — painters' blocks, nothing true,
all a fable.
Vabbo.
[The most learned and one of the most voluminous writers of Rome ; he credits himself with writing 490 books. Born b. c. 116, and deeply studied in Roman antiquities and Greek philosophy, he entered public life, held high naval command against the pirates and Mithradates, was Pompey 's legate in Spain, and held to his side at Fharsalia. Pardoned by Caesar and employed in arranging the great public library, he lived in retirement, but was proscribed by the sec ond triumvirate ; his life was spared, however, and he died b. c. 28 under Augus tus. His " Menippean Satires " formed a model for Petronius, Seneca, Julian, and others. ]
From " Marcipor. "
All suddenly, about the noon of night,
When far the sky, bedropt with fervid fires, Displayed the starry firmamental dance,
The racking clouds, with cold and watery veil,
Closed up the golden hollows of the heaven,
Spouting on mortals Stygian cataracts.
The winds, the frantic offspring of the North,
Burst from the frozen pole, and swept along
Tiles, boughs, and hurricanes of whelming dust.
But we, poor trembling shipwrecked men, like storks Whose wings the double-pinioned thunderbolt
Hath scorched, fell prone in terror on the ground.
From "Prometheus Free. "
I am become like outer bark, or tops
Of oaks that in the forest die with drought ;
My blood is drained ; my color wan with anguish ; No mortal hears me ; only Desolation,
That dwells abroad on Scythia's houseless plains. My spirit ne'er parleys with sleep-gendered forms ; No shade of slumber rests upon my eyelids.
TO SAVE A SISTER. 119
TO SAVE A SISTER. By GEORG EBERS.
(From "The Sisters," a novel of the time of Ptolemy Euergetes, b. c. 164. )
[Geoeg Moritz Ebbks : German Egyptologist and novelist ; horn at Berlin, March 1, 1837. He was educated at Gottingen and Berlin, and lectured for a while at Jena. In 1870 he became professor of Egyptian archaeology at Leipsic, resigning in 1889 on account of ill health. Besides several important works on Egyptology, he has published a series of historical novels treating of ancient Egyptian life, which have enjoyed extraordinary popularity not only in Ger many, but in other countries. The best known are : " An Egyptian Princess," "Uarda," "Homo Sum," "The Sisters," "Serapis," "The Bride of the Nile," and "Cleopatra. " Also popular are : " In the Fire of the Forge," " The Burgo master's Wife," and "Gred. "]
The Greek temple of Serapis, to which the water-carriers belonged, was joined to the Egyptian of Osiris-Apis by a fine paved street for the use of processions ; and along this Klea now rapidly proceeded. There was a shorter road to Memphis; but she chose this because the hills of sand on each side of the street bordered by Sphinxes, which had every day to be cleared of the desert drift, hid her from the sight of her companions in the temple ; moreover, the best and safest way to the city was by a road starting from a crescent, adorned with busts of philosophers, which lay near the main entrance to the new Apis tombs.
She looked neither at the lion bodies with men's heads which guarded the road, nor at the figures of beasts on the wall inclosing it ; nor did she heed the dusky temple slaves of Osiris- Apis, who with large brooms were sweeping the sand from the paved road : for she thought of nothing but Irene and the diffi cult task that lay before her, and walked swiftly onward with her eyes on the ground.
But she had taken only a few steps when she heard her name called quite near, and looking up in alarm she found herself standing opposite Krates, the little smith, who came close up to her, took hold of her veil, threw it back a little before she could prevent him, and asked : — "
" Do not keep me back," besought Klea. " You know that Irene, whom you were always so fond of, has been carried off ; perhaps I may be able to save her, but if you betray me and they follow me—"
" Where are you going, child ?
120 TO SAVE A SISTER.
"I will not hinder you," interrupted the old man. " Indeed, if it were not for these swollen feet I would go with you, for I can think of nothing else but the poor dear little thing ; but as it is, I shall be glad enough when I am sitting still again in my shop ; it is just as if a workman of my own trade lived in each of my big toes, and was dancing round in them with hammer and file and chisel and nails. Very likely you may be lucky enough to find your sister, for a cunning woman succeeds in many things which are too hard for a wise man. Go on, and if they hunt for you, old Krates will not betray you. "
" Wait a minute, my girl : you can do me a little service. I have just fitted a new lock to the door of the Apis tomb over there. It works finely, but the one key I have made for it is not enough: we need four, and you must order them for me from the locksmith Heri, to be sent me day after to-morrow ; he lives opposite the gate of Sokari — to the left, next the bridge over the canal — you can't miss it. I hate repeating and copying as much as I like inventing and making new things, and Heri can work from a pattern as well as I can. If it were not for my legs I would give him the commission myself, for one who speaks by the lips of a go-between is often misunder stood or not understood at all. "
He nodded kindly at Klea, and had half turned his back on her when he again looked round and called to her : —
" I will gladly save you the walk," replied Klea ; while the smith sat down on the pedestal of one of the Sphinxes, and opening the leather wallet which hung by his side, shook out the contents. Some files, chisels, and nails fell out into his lap ; then the key, and finally a sharp, pointed knife with which Krates had cut out the hollow in the door to insert the lock. Krates touched up the pattern key for the smith in Memphis with a few strokes of the file, and then, muttering thoughtfully and shaking his head doubtfully from side to side, he ex claimed : —
" You must come once more yet to the door with me, for I insist on accurate work from other people, and so I must be stern with my own. "
" But I want so much to reach Memphis before dark," be sought Klea.
" The whole thing won't take a minute, and if you will give me your arm I shall go twice as fast. There, here are the files, and here is the knife. "
TO SAVE A SISTER. 121
" Give it to me," Klea asked. " This blade is sharp and bright, and as soon as I saw felt as bid me take with me. Very likely may have to come through the desert alone at night. "
" Yes," said the smith, " and even the weakest feels stronger when he has weapon. Hide the knife somewhere about you, my child, only take care not to hurt yourself with it. Now let me take your arm, and on we will go — but not quite so fast. "
Klea led the smith to the door he indicated, and saw with admiration how unfailing the bolt sprang forward when one half of the door closed upon the other, and how easily the key pushed back again; then, after conducting Krates back to the Sphinx near which she had met him, she went on her way at her quickest pace, for the sun was already very low, and seemed scarcely possible to reach Memphis before should set.
As she approached tavern where soldiers and low people were accustomed to resort, she was met by drunken slave. She went on and passed him without any fear, for the knife in her girdle, and on which she kept her hand, kept up her cour age, and she felt as she had thus acquired third hand, which was more powerful and less timid than her own. A com pany of soldiers had encamped in front of the tavern, and the wine of Khakem, which was grown close by, on the eastern declivity of the Libyan range, had an excellent savor.
The men were in capital spirits, for at noon to-day — after they had been quartered here for months as guards of the tombs of Apis and of the temples of the Necropolis — commanding officer of the Diadoches had arrived at Memphis, who had ordered them to break up at once, and to withdraw into the capital before nightfall. They were not to be relieved other mercenaries till the next morning.
All this Klea learned from messenger from the Egyptian temple in the Necropolis, who recognized her, and who was going to Memphis, commissioned by the priests of Osiris-Apis and Sokari to convey petition to the king, praying that fresh troops might be promptly sent to replace those now withdrawn.
For some time she went on side by side with this messenger, but soon she found that she could not keep up with his hurried pace, and had to fall behind. In front of another tavern sat the officers of the troops, whose noisy mirth she had heard as she passed the former one they were sitting over their wine and looking on at the dancing of two Egyptian girls, who screeched
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122 TO SAVE A SISTER.
like cackling hens over their mad leaps, and who so effectually riveted the attention of the spectators, who were beating time for them by clapping their hands, that Klea, accelerating her step, was able to slip unobserved past the wild crew. All these scenes, nay, everything she met with on the high-road, scared the girl, who was accustomed to the silence and the solemn life of the temple of Serapis, and she therefore struck into a side path that probably also led to the city, which she could already see lying before her with its pylons, its citadel, and its houses veiled in evening mist. In a quarter of an hour at most she would have crossed the desert, and reach the fertile meadow land, whose emerald hue grew darker and darker every moment. The sun was already sinking to rest behind the Libyan range, and soon after, for twilight is short in Egypt, she was wrapped in the darkness of night. The west wind, which had begun to blow even at noon, now rose higher, and seemed to pursue her with its hot breath and the clouds of sand it carried with it from the desert.
She must certainly be approaching water, for she heard the deep boom of the bittern in the reeds, and fancied she breathed a moister air. A few steps more, and her foot sank in mud ; and she now saw that she was standing on the edge of a wide ditch in which tall papyrus plants were growing. The side path she had struck into ended at this plantation, and there was nothing to be done but to turn about and continue her walk against the wind and with the sand blowing in her face.
The light from the drinking-booth showed her the direction she must follow, for though the moon was up, it is true, black clouds swept across it, covering it and the smaller lights of heaven for many minutes at a time. Still she felt no fatigue, but the shouts of the men and the loud cries of the women that rang out from the tavern filled her with alarm and disgust. She made a wide circuit round the hostelry, wading through the sand hillocks and tearing her dress on the thorns and this tles that had boldly struck deep root in the desert, and had grown up there like the squalid brats in the hovel of a beggar. But still, as she hurried on by the high-road, the hideous laughter and the crowing mirth of the dancing-girls still rang in her mind's ear.
Her blood coursed more swiftly through her veins, her head was on fire, she saw Irene close before her, tangibly distinct —
TO SAVE A SISTER. 123
with flowing hair and fluttering garments, whirling in a wild dance like a Maenad at a Dionysiac festival, flying from one embrace to another, and shouting and shrieking in unbridled folly like the wretched girls she had seen on her way. She was seized with terror for her sister — an unbounded dread such as she had never felt before, and as the wind was now once more behind her, she let herself be driven on by it, lifting her feet in a swift run and flying, as if pursued by the Erinnyes, with out once looking round her, and wholly forgetful of the smith's commission, on toward the city along the road planted with trees, which, as she knew, led to the gate of the citadel.
In front of the gate of the king's palace sat a crowd of petitioners, who were accustomed to stay here from early dawn till late at night, until they were called into the palace to receive the answer to the petition they had drawn up. When Klea reached the end of her journey, she was so exhausted and bewildered that she felt the imperative necessity of seeking rest and quiet reflection, so she seated herself among these people, next to a woman from Upper Egypt. But hardly had she taken her place by her with a silent greeting, when her talkative neighbor began to relate with particular minuteness why she had come to Memphis, and how certain unjust judges had conspired with her bad husband to trick her — for men were always ready to join against a woman — and to deprive her of everything which had been secured to her and her chil dren by her marriage contract. For two months now, she said, she had been waiting early and late before the sublime gate, and was consuming her last ready cash in the city where living was so dear; but it was all one to her, and at a pinch
she would sell even her gold ornaments, for sooner or later her cause must come before the king, and then the wicked villain and his accomplices would be taught what was just.
Klea heard but little of this harangue ; a feeling had come over her like that of a person who is having water poured again and again on the top of his head. Presently her neigh bor observed that the newcomer was not listening at all to her complainings ; she slapped her shoulder with her hand, and said : —
" You seem to think of nothing but your own concerns ; and I dare say they are not of such a nature as that you should
124 TO SAVE A SISTER.
relate them to any one else ; so far as mine are concerned, the more they are discussed the better. "
The tone in which these remarks were made was so dry, and at the same time so sharp, that it hurt Klea, and she rose hastily to go closer to the gate. Her neighbor threw a cross word after her ; but she did not heed it, and drawing her veil closer over her face, she went through the gate of the palace into a vast courtyard, brightly lighted up by cressets and torches, and crowded with footrsoldiers and mounted guards.
The sentry at the gate perhaps had not observed her, or per haps had let her pass unchallenged from her dignified and erect gait, and the numerous armed men through whom she now made her way seemed to be so much occupied with their own affairs, that no one bestowed any notice on her. In a narrow alley, which led to a second court and was lighted by lanterns, one of the
known as Philobasilistes, a haughty young fellow in yellow riding-boots and a shirt of mail over his red tunic, came riding toward her on his tall horse, and noticing her, he tried to squeeze her between his charger and the wall, and put out his hand to raise her veil ; but Klea slipped aside, and put up her hands to protect herself from the horse's head, which was almost touching her. —
The cavalier, enjoying her alarm, called out :
"Only stand still — he is not vicious. "
" Which, you or your horse ? " asked Klea, with such a
body-guard
solemn tone in her deep voice that for an instant the young guardsman lost his self-possession, and this gave her time to go farther from the horse. But the girl's sharp retort had an noyed the conceited young fellow, and not having time to follow her himself, he called out in a tone of encouragement to a party of mercenaries from Cyprus, whom the frightened girl was trying to pass : —
" Look under this girl's veil, comrades, and if she is as pretty as she is well-grown, I wish you joy of your prize. "
He laughed as he pressed his knees against the flanks of his bay and trotted slowly away, while the Cypriotes gave Klea ample time to reach the second court, which was more brightly lighted even than the first, that they might there surround her with insolent importunity.
The helpless and persecuted girl felt the blood run cold in her veins, and for a few minutes she could see nothing but a bewildering confusion of flashing eyes and weapons, of beards
TO SAVE A SISTER. 125
and hands, could hear nothing but words and sounds, of which she understood and felt only that they were revolting and hor rible, and threatened her with death and ruin. She had crossed her arms over her bosom, but now she raised her hands to hide her face, for she felt a strong hand snatch away the veil that covered her head. This insolent proceeding turned her numb horror to indignant rage, and, fixing her sparkling eyes on her bearded opponents, she exclaimed : —
"Shame upon you, who in the king's own house fall like wolves on a defenseless woman, and in a peaceful spot snatch the veil from a young girl's head. Your mothers would blush for you, and your sisters cry shame on you—as Ido now ! "
Astonished at Klea's distinguished beauty, startled at the angry glare in her eyes, and the deep chest-tones of her voice, which trembled with excitement, the Cypriotes drew back, while the same audacious rascal that had pulled away her veil came closer to her, and cried : —
" Who would make such a noise about a rubbishy veil I If you will be my sweetheart, I will buy you a new one, and many things besides. "
At the same time he tried to throw his arm round her ; but at his touch Klea felt the blood leave her cheeks and mount to her bloodshot eyes, and at that instant her hand, guided by some uncontrollable inward impulse, grasped the handle of the knife which Krates had lent her ; she raised it high in the air, though with an unsteady arm, exclaiming: —
" Let me go or, by Serapis whom I serve, I will strike you to the heart ! "
The soldier to whom this threat was addressed was not the man to be intimidated by a blade of cold iron in a woman's hand: with a quick movement he seized her wrist in order to disarm her ; but although Klea was forced to drop the knife, she struggled with him to free herself from his clutch, and this con test between a man and a woman, who seemed to be of superior rank to that indicated by her very simple dress, seemed to most of the Cypriotes so undignified, so much out of place within the walls of a palace, that they pulled their comrade back from Klea, while others on the contrary came to the assistance of the bully, who defended himself stoutly. And in the midst of the fray, which was conducted with no small noise, stood Klea with flying breath. Her antagonist, though flung to the ground, still held her wrist with his left hand, while he defended him
126 TO SAVE A SISTER.
self against his comrades with the right, and she tried with all her force and cunning to withdraw it ; for at the very height of her excitement and danger she felt as if a sudden gust of wind had swept her spirit clear of all confusion, and she was again able to contemplate her position calmly and resolutely.
If only her hand were free, she might perhaps be able to take
of the struggle between her foes, and to force her way out between their ranks.
advantage
Twice, thrice, four times, she tried to wrench her hand with a sudden jerk through the fingers that grasped it; but each time in vain. Suddenly, from the man at her feet there broke a loud, long-drawn cry of pain which reechoed from the high walls of the court, and at the same time she felt the fingers of her antagonist gradually and slowly slip from her arm like the straps of a sandal carefully lifted by the surgeon from a broken ankle. "
" It is all over with him !
Cypriotes. "A man never calls out like that but once in his life ! True enough — the dagger is sticking here just under the ninth rib ! This is mad work I That is your doing again, Lykos, you savage wolf ! "
" He bit deep into my finger in the struggle — "
" And you are for ever tearing each other to pieces for the sake of the women," interrupted the elder, not listening to the other's excuses. " Well, I was no better than you in my time, and nothing can alter it! You had better be off now, for if the Epistrategist learns we have fallen to stabbing each other again — "
The Cypriote had not ceased speaking, and his countrymen were in the very act of raising the body of their comrade, when a division of the civic watch rushed into the court in close order and through the passage near which the fight for the girl had arisen, thus stopping the way against those who were about to escape, since all who wished to get out of the court into the open street must pass through the doorway into which Klea had been forced by the horseman. Every other exit from this second court of the citadel led into the strictly guarded gardens and buildings of the palace itself.
The noisy strife round Klea, and the cry of the wounded man, had attracted the watch ; the Cypriotes and the maiden soon found themselves surrounded, and they were conducted through a narrow side passage into the courtyard of the prison.
exclaimed the eldest of the
TO SAVE A SISTER. 127
After a short inquiry, the men who had been taken were allowed to return under an escort to their own phalanx, and Klea gladly followed the commander of the watch to a less brilliantly illu minated part of the prison yard, for in him she had recognized at once Serapion's brother, Glaucus, and he in her the daughter of the man who had done and suffered so much for his father's sake ; besides, they had often exchanged greetings and a few words in the temple of Serapis.
" All that is in my power," said Glaucus, — a man somewhat taller but not so broadly built as his brother, — when he had read the recluse's note and when Klea had answered a number of questions, " all that is in my power I will gladly do for you and your sister, for I do not forget all that I owe to your father; still I cannot but regret that you have incurred such risk, for it is always hazardous for a pretty young girl to venture into this palace at a late hour, and particularly just now, for the courts are swarming not only with Philometor's righting men, but with those of his brother, who have come here for their sovereign's birthday festival. The people have been liberally entertained, and the soldier who has been sacrific ing to Dionysus seizes the gifts of Eros and Aphrodite wherever he may find them. I will at once take charge of my brother's letter to the Roman, Publius Cornelius Scipio, but when you have received his answer you will do well to let yourself be escorted to my wife or my sister, who both live in the city, and to remain till to-morrow morning with one or the other. Here you cannot remain a minute unmolested while I am away — Where now — Aye ! The only safe shelter I can offer you is the prison down there ; the room where they lock up the sub altern officers when they have committed any offense is quite unoccupied, and I will conduct you thither. It is always kept clean, and there is a bench in it too. "
Klea followed her friend, who, as his hasty demeanor plainly showed, had been interrupted in important business. In a few steps they reached the prison ; she begged Glaucus to bring her the Roman's answer as quickly as possible, declared herself quite ready to remain in the dark, — since she perceived that the light of a lamp might betray her, and she was not afraid of the dark, — and suffered herself to be locked in.
As she heard the iron bolt creak in its brass socket a shiver ran through her, and although the room in which she found her self was neither worse nor smaller than that in which she and
128 TO SAVE A SISTER.
her sister lived in the temple, still it oppressed her, and she even felt as if an indescribable something hindered her breath ing, as she said to herself that she was locked in and no longer free to come and go. A dim light penetrated into her prison through the single barred window that opened on to the court, and she could see a little bench of palm-branches, on which she sat down to seek the repose she so sorely needed. All sense of discomfort gradually vanished before the new feeling of rest and refreshment, and pleasant hopes and anticipations were just be ginning to mingle themselves with the remembrance of the hor rors she had just experienced, when suddenly there was a stir and a bustle just in front of the prison — and she could hear, outside, the clatter of harness and words of command. She rose from her seat and saw that about twenty horsemen, whose golden
helmets and armor reflected the light of the lanterns, cleared the wide court by driving the men before them, as the flames drive the game from a fired hedge, and by forcing them into a second court from which again they proceeded to expel them. At least Klea could hear them shouting " In the king's name " there as they had before done close to her. Presently the horse men returned and placed themselves, ten and ten, as guards at each of the passages leading into the court. It was not without interest that Klea looked on at this scene, which was perfectly new to her ; and when one of the fine horses, dazzled by the light of the lanterns, turned restive and shied, leaping and rear ing and threatening his rider with a fall, — when the horseman checked and soothed it, and brought it to a standstill, — the Macedonian warrior was transfigured in her eyes to Publius, who no doubt could manage a horse no less well than this man.
No sooner was the court completely cleared of men by the mounted guard than a new incident claimed Klea's attention. First she heard footsteps in the room adjoining her prison, then bright streaks of light fell through the cracks of the slight par tition which divided her place of retreat from the other room, then the two window-openings close to hers were closed with heavy shutters, then seats or benches were dragged about and various objects were laid upon a table, and finally the door of the adjoining room was thrown open and slammed to again so violently that the door which closed hers and the bench near which she was standing trembled and jarred.
At the same moment a deep, sonorous voice called out with a loud and hearty shout of laughter : —
TO SAVE A SISTER. 129
"A mirror — give me a mirror, Eulaeus. By heaven! I do not look much like prison fare — more like a man in whose strong brain there is no lack of deep schemes, who can throttle his antagonist with a grip of his fist, and who is prompt to avail himself of all the spoil that comes in his way, so that he may compress the pleasures of a whole day into every hour, and enjoy them to the utmost ! As surely as my name is Euergetes my uncle Antiochus was right in liking to mix among the populace. The splendid puppets who surround us kings, and cover every portion of their own bodies in wrappings and swaddling bands, also stifle the expression of every genuine sentiment ; and it is enough to turn our brain to reflect that, if we would not be deceived, every word that we hear — and, oh dear ! how many words we must needs hear — must be pon dered in our minds. Now, the mob, on the contrary — who think themselves beautifully dressed in a threadbare cloth hanging round their brown loins — are far better off. If one of them says to another of his own class — a naked wretch who wears about him everything he happens to possess — that he is a dog, he answers with a blow of his fist in the other's face, and what can be plainer than that ! If on the other hand he tells him he is a splendid fellow, he believes it without reservation, and has a perfect right to believe it.
" Did you see how that stunted little fellow with a snub nose and bandy legs, who is as broad as he is long, showed all his teeth in a delighted grin when I praised his steady hand ? He laughs like a hyena, and every respectable father of a family looks on the fellow as a god-forsaken monster ; but the immortals must think him worth something to have given him such mag nificent grinders in his ugly mouth, and to have preserved him mercifully for fifty years — for that is about the rascal's age. If that fellow's dagger breaks, he can kill his victim with those teeth, as a"fox does a duck, or smash his bones with his fist. "
But, my lord," replied Eulaeus, dryly and with a certain matter-of-fact gravity, to King Euergetes — for he it was who had come with him into the room adjoining Klea's retreat, '* the dry little Egyptian with the thin straight hair is even more trust worthy and tougher and nimbler than his companion, and, so far, more estimable. One flings himself on his prey with a rush like a block of stone hurled from a roof, but the other, without being seen, strikes his poisoned fang into his flesh like an adder hidden in the sand. The third, on whom I had set great hopes,
vol. v. — 0
130 TO SAVE A SISTER.
was beheaded the day before yesterday without my knowledge ; but the pair whom you have condescended to inspect with your own eyes are sufficient. They must use neither dagger nor lance, but they will easily achieve their end with slings and hooks and poisoned needles, which leave wounds that resemble the sting of an adder. We may safely depend on these fellows. " Once more Euergetes laughed loudly, and exclaimed: —
" What an elaborate criticism ! Exactly as if these blood hounds were tragic actors, of which one could best produce his effects by fire and pathos, and the other by the subtlety of con ception. I call that an unprejudiced judgment. And why should not a man be great even as a murderer? From what hangman's noose did you drag out the neck of one, and from what heads man's block did you rescue the other, when you found them ?
" It is a lucky hour in which we first see something new to
I never before in the whole course of my life saw such villains as these. I do not regret having gone to see them and talked to them as if I were their equal. Now, take this torn coat off me, and help me to undress. Before I go to the feast I will take a hasty plunge in my bath, for I twitch in
toils. "
Klea could hear every word of this frightful conversation,
and clasped her hand over her brow with a shudder, for she found it difficult to believe in the reality of the hideous images that it brought before her mind. Was she awake or was she a prey to some horrid dream?
She hardly knew, and, indeed, she scarcely understood half of all she heard till the Roman's name was mentioned. She felt as if the point of a thin, keen knife was being driven obliquely through her brain from right to left, as it now flashed through her mind that it was against him, against Publius, that the wild beasts, disguised in human form, were directed by Eulaeus, and face to face with this — the most hideous, the most incredible of horrors — she suddenly recovered the full use of her senses. She softly slipped close to that rift in the partition through which the broadest beam of light fell into the room, put her ear close to and drank in, with fearful atten tion, word for word the report made by the eunuch to his iniqui tous superior, who frequently interrupted him with remarks,
us, and, by Heracles !
every limb, I feel as if I had got dirty in their company.
" There lie my clothes and my sandals ; strap them on for me, and tell me as you do it how you lured the Roman into the
it,
TO SAVE A SISTER. 131
words of approval, or a short laugh — drank them in, as a man
perishing in the desert drinks the loathsome waters of a salt
pool.
And what she heard was indeed well fitted to deprive her
of her senses, but the more definite the facts to which the words referred that she could overhear, the more keenly she listened, and the more resolutely she collected her thoughts. Eulaeus had used her own name to induce the Roman to keep an assig nation at midnight in the desert close to the Apis tombs. He repeated the words that he had written to this effect on a tile, and which requested Publius to come quite alone to the spot indicated, since she dare not speak with him in the temple. Finally, he was invited to write his answer on the other side of the square of clay. As Klea heard these words, put into her own mouth by a villain, she could have sobbed aloud heartily with anguish, shame, and rage ; but the point now was to keep her ears wide open, for Euergetes asked his odious tool, " And what was the Roman's answer ? "
Eulaeus must have handed the tile to the king, for he laughed loudly again, and cried out : —
" So he will walk into the trap — will arrive by half an hour after midnight at the latest, and greets Klea from her sister Irene. He carries on love-making and abduction wholesale, and buys water-bearers by the pair, like doves in the market or sandals in a shoemaker's stall. Only see how the simpleton writes Greek ; in these few words there are two mistakes, two regular schoolboy's blunders.
" The fellow must have had a very pleasant day of since he must have been reckoning on not unsuccessful evening — but the gods have an ugly habit of clenching the hand with which they have long caressed their favorites, and striking him with their fist.
"Amalthea's horn has been poured out on him to-day; first he snapped up, under my very nose, my little Hebe, the Irene of Irenes, whom hope to-morrow to inherit from him then he got the gift of my best Cyrenaean horses, and at the same time the flattering assurance of my valuable friendship then he had audience of my fair sister — and goes more to the heart of republican than you would believe when crowned heads are graciously disposed toward him finally the sister of his pretty sweetheart invites him to an assignation, and she, you and Zoe speak the truth, beauty in the grand style. Now
is a
;
; if
;
I
it a
a
it,
132 TO SAVE A SISTER.
these are really too many good things for one inhabitant of this most stingily provided world ; and in one single day, too, which, once begun, is so soon ended ; and justice requires that we should lend a helping hand to destiny, and cut off the head of this poppy that aspires to rise above its brethren ; the thou sands who have less good fortune than he would otherwise have great cause to complain of neglect. "
"I am happy to see you in such good humor," said Eu- lffiUS.
" My humor is as may be," interrupted the king. " I believe I am only whistling a merry tune to keep up my spirits in the dark. If I were on more familiar terms with what other men call fear, I should have ample reason to be afraid ; for in the quail-fight we have gone in for I have wagered a crown — aye, and more than that even. To-morrow only will decide whether the game is lost or won, but I know already to-day that I would rather see my enterprise against Philometor fail, with all my hopes of the double crown, than our plot against the life of the Roman; for Iwas a man before Iwas a king, and a man I should remain, if my throne, which now indeed stands on only two legs, were to crash under my weight.
" My sovereign dignity is but a robe, though the costliest, to be sure, of all garments. If forgiveness were any part of my nature, I might easily forgive the man who should soil or injure that — but he who comes too near to Euergetes the man, who dares to touch this body and the spirit it contains, or to cross it in its desires and purposes — him I will crush unhesitatingly to the earth, I will see him torn in pieces. Sentence is passed on the Roman, and if your ruffians do their duty, and if the gods accept the holocaust that I had slain before them at sun set for the success of my project, in a couple of hours Publius Cornelius Scipio will have bled to death. — — I,
"He is in a position to laugh at me as a man but therefore, — as a man — have the right, and — as a king — have the power, to make sure that that laugh shall be his last. If I could murder Rome as I can him how glad should I be ! for Rome alone hinders me from being the greatest of all the great kings of our time ; and yet I shall rejoice to-morrow when they tell me 'Publius Cornelius Scipio has been torn by wild beasts, and his body is so mutilated that his own mother could not recognize it ' more than if a messenger were to bring me the news that Carthage had broken the power of Rome. "
TO SAVE A SISTER. 133
Euergetes had spoken the last words in a voice that sounded like the roll of thunder as it growls in a rapidly approaching storm, louder, deeper, and more furious each instant. When at last he was silent, Eulaeus said : —
" The immortals, my lord, will not deny you this happiness. The brave fellows whom you condescended to see and to talk to strike as certainly as the bolt of our father Zeus, and as we have learned from the Roman's horse-keeper where he has hidden Irene, she will no more elude your grasp than the crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt. Now, allow me to put on your mantle, and then to call the bodyguard, that they may escort you as you return to your residence. "
"One thing more," cried the king, detaining Eulaeus. " There are always troops by the Tombs of Apis, placed there to guard the sacred places; may not they prove a hindrance to your friends ? "
"I have withdrawn all the soldiers and armed" guards to Memphis, down to the last man," replied Eulaeus, and quar tered them within the White Wall. Early to-morrow, before you proceed to business, they will be replaced by a stronger division, so that they may not prove a reenforcement to your brother's troops here, if things come to fighting. "
"I shall know how to reward your foresight," said Euer getes as Eulaeus quitted the room.
Again Klea heard a door open, and the sound of many hoofs on the pavement of the courtyard, and when she went, all trembling, up to the window, she saw Euergetes himself, and the powerfully knit horse that was led in for him. The tyrant twisted his hand in the mane of the restless and pawing steed, and Klea thought that the monstrous mass could never mount on to the horse's back without the aid of many men ; but she was mistaken, for with a mighty spring the giant flung himself high in the air and on to the horse, and then, guiding his pant ing steed by the pressure of his knees alone, he bounded out of the prison yard surrounded by his splendid train.
For some minutes the courtyard remained empty, then a man hurriedly crossed unlocked the door of the room where Klea was, and informed her that he was subaltern under Glaucus, and had brought her message from him.
" My lord," said the veteran soldier to the girl, " bid me greet you, and say that he found neither the Roman, Publius Scipio, nor his friend the Corinthian at home. He prevented from
is
a
it, a
134 TO SAVE A SISTER.
coming to you himself; he has his hands full of business, for soldiers in the service of both the kings are quartered within the White Wall, and all sorts of squabbles break out between them. Still, you cannot remain in this room, for it will shortly be occupied by a party of young officers who began the fray. Glaucus proposes for your choice that you should either allow me to conduct you to his wife or return to the temple to which you are attached. In the latter case a chariot shall convey you as far as the second tavern in Khakem on the borders of the desert — for the city is full of drunken soldiery. There you may probably find an escort, if you explain to the host who you are. But the chariot must be back again in less than an hour, for it is one of the king's, and when the banquet is over there may be a scarcity of chariots. "
" Yes — I will go back to the place I came from," said Klea
eagerly, interrupting the messenger. " Take me at once to the chariot. "
" Follow me, then," said the old man.
" But I have no veil," observed Klea, " and have only this thin robe on. Rough soldiers snatched my wrapper from my face, and my cloak from off my shoulders. "
" I will bring you the captain's cloak which is lying here in the orderly's room, and his traveling hat too; tbat will hide your face with its broad flap. You are so tall that you might be taken for a man, and that is well, for a woman leaving the palace at this hour would hardly pass unmolested. A slave shall fetch the things from your temple to-morrow. I may inform you that my master ordered me to take as much care of you as if you were his own daughter. And he told me too — and I had almost forgotten it — to tell you that your sister was carried off by the Roman, and not by that other dangerous man —you would know whom he meant. Now please wait till I
I shall not be
return ;
In a few minutes the guard returned with a large cloak, in
which he wrapped Klea, and a broad-brimmed traveling hat which she pressed on her head ; then led her to the quarter of the palace where the king's stables were. She kept close to the officer, and was soon seated on a chariot, and then conducted by the driver — who took her for a young Macedonian noble tempted out at night by an assignation — as far as the second tavern on the road back to the Serapeum.
gone long. "
BRAGGART AND PARASITE. 135
BRAGGART AND PARASITE. By TERENCE.
(From " The Eunuch. ")
[P. Tehentius Afer was a Carthaginian, born probably b. c. 185 ; brought to Rome early, it is said, as a slave ; was emancipated, became a protege' of the younger Scipio, exhibited his first play at nineteen, wrote five others in the next six years, and died b. c. 159 at twenty-six, one of the world's great classics from the purity and delicacy of his art, the universality of his types of character, the charm of his grace and humane irony. His work was largely a close imitation of the Greek Menander, and he combined scenes from other Greek originals ; but his own contribution, like Virgil's to the epic, was still greater than his borrowing. The names of his"plays are: "Andria" "(The Maid of Andros), "Eunuchus" (The Eunuch), Heautontimorumenos (The Self -Tormentor), "Adelphi" (The Brothers), "Hecyra" (The Mother- in-Law), "Phormio. "]
Chief Dramatis Persons : Gnatho, a parasite ; Thraso, a military officer, braggart, and coxcomb ; Laches, an old Athenian gentleman, with two sons, Phsdria and Chxrea, the former having a servant Parmeno; Chbbmes, an Athenian youth ; Thais, a courtesan admired by Thraso, and one of the two heroines of the piece, the other being Pamphila, sister of Chremes, who is second only to Mrs. Grundy as a curious stage heroine, for the latter never appears at all, while Pamphila appears but once, and never opens her mouth. She is a slave girl, originally of good family, who has been kidnapped when a baby and brought up by Thais' courtesan mother with her own daughter in Rhodes ; Thais goes to Athens, her mother dies, and Pamphila is bought by Thraso, who intends giving her to Thais at Athens as a present, not knowing their old relations. He finds Thais in liaison with Phaedria, and will not give her the girl till she has discarded her new lover ; she, finding who the girl is and having discovered from Chremes' talk that she must be his sister, is determined to get her back, but not to give up Phaedria, whom she likes much better than Thraso. Finally she induces Phaedria to leave Thraso a clear field for two days, promising to throw him over as soon as
she has the girl in her possession ; he agrees, and sends her a eunuch and a negro girl by Parmeno, while Thraso sends Pamphila by his lickspittle Gnatho. Chaerea sees and admires Pamphila ; his brother's servant, Par meno, dresses him in the eunuch's clothes and lets him into the house as her guardian, where he takes full advantage of the situation. Thraso quarrels with Thais, and comes with a train to demand Pamphila back, but cannot get her. Finally Pamphila is recognized by Chremes, and Chaerea makes amends by marrying her — the standpoint of Clarissa Harlowe not being intelligible then or usual at any time.
Act II. — Scene III.
Enter Gnatho at a distance, leading Pamphila.
Gnatho [to himself] — Immortal Gods I how much does one man excel another I What a difference there is between a
136 BRAGGART AND PARASITE.
wise person and a fool ! This strongly came into my mind from the following circumstance.
Sad Heraclitus with thy tears return ;
Life more than ever gives us cause to mourn. Democritus, dear droll, revisit earth :
Life more than ever gives us cause for mirth.
Between you both I stand in thoughtful pother,
How I should weep with one, how laugh with t'other.
112 FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS.
FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS. (In part translated for this work. )
Chant of the Arval Brothers.
Give to us thy help, O Lars !
Suffer not the plague to fall upon thy people, Mars !
Be thy fury sated, Mars ! — [To the dancers.
Leap on the sill :
Let the beating be still. —
Call on the demigods to shield us from ill.
Once again, Mars, we implore! —
Triumph, triumph, triumph, triumph, we will sing it o'er and o'er !
N^EVTUS.
[Flourished about b. c. 235-204. One of the earliest of Roman dramatists, ranked by them as third among their comedians ; but more important as poet, being the forerunner of Roman satiric poetry, and creator of the Roman epic]
On a Coquette.
As if in a ring at play, tossing a ball,
To one after another, the same with them all,
She turns : here a nod, there a wink she bestows :
To one she makes love, to another clings close ;
Here she busies her hand, there a foot she will press ; The next has her ring to inspect and caress ;
There's a kiss blown to one, and she sings with a second, While with signs on her fingers another is beckoned.
Epitaph on Himself.
If e'er o'er beings mortal might sorrow those divine,
Then o'er the poet Naevius would weep the heavenly Nine ; For since the bard was treasured old Orcus' store among, At Rome they have forgotten to speak the Latin tongue.
Plautus.
[See " Mostellaria " for biography. ] Epitaph on Himself.
Since Plautus died, Thalia beats her breast ; The stage is empty : Laughter, Sport, and Jest, And all the tuneless measures, weep distrest.
FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS. 113
Enkius.
[Usually considered the greatest of Roman poets before the time of Lucre tius, and the real founder of the indigenous Roman school of verse. Born b. c. 239, in the half Greek, half Oscan town of Rudiae, probably educated at Taren- tum, and serving as soldier and centurion till middle age, he came to Rome with Cato the Censor in 204, having a remarkable variety of influences, cultivation, and experience; taught Greek ; went campaigning again ; was intimate with the best families in Rome, a friend of Scipio Major among others, and died b. c 160. He wrote tragedies, satires, a long historical poem called the " Annals," and
other works. ]
Pyrrhus to the Roman Envoy.
[After the early victories of Pyrrhus over the Romans (b. c. 280-279), he sent an embassy to negotiate a peace. They refused, but sent Fabricius to make terms for ransoming the prisoners in Pyrrhus's hands. Ennius puts these words into his mouth in reply, which in substance must be historical. ]
I seek no gold, nor must you offer me
A payment. Let us wage this war together
As soldiers, not as hucksters in the market ;
With steel, not gold — our lives to be the stake. Whether our mistress Fortune purposes
That you or I should rule, or what she wills,
That let us leave to valor. Further, hear
What I now say : the brave man whom the chance Of battle spares to life, his freedom too
I have resolved to spare. Take this my offer Even as I make by the great gods' grace,
Rorr. an Quackery.
value not mite your Marsian augurs,
Your village seers, your market fortune tellers, Egyptian sorcerers, dream interpreters
No prophets they by knowledge or by skill But superstitious quacks, shameless impostors, Lazy or crazy slaves of indigence,
Who tell fine stories for their proper lucre Teach others the highway, and cannot find
A byway for themselves promise us riches, And beg of us drachma — let them give Their riches first, then take their drachma out.
Moral to a Fable.
Learn from my tale this ready saw and true
Ne'er trust your friends for what yourself can do. vol. v. —
8
:
a
a
it,
;;
;
: ;
I
114 FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS.
The Lament of Andromache. (Translated by W. E. Aytoun. )
Whither shall I flee for refuge ? Whither shall I look for aid ? Flight or exile, which is safer ? Tower and town are both betrayed. Whom shall I implore for succor ? Our old altars are no more, Broken, crushed they lie, and splintered, and the flames above them
roar. —
And our walls all blackened stand
O thou haughty house of Priam — temple with the gates surrounded, I have seen thee — all thy splendor, all thy Eastern pomp unbounded — All thy roofs and painted ceilings — all the treasures they contain,
I have seen them, seen them blazing — I have seen old Priam slain, Foully murdered, and the altar of the Highest bears the stain.
A Possible Portrait of Himself.
Thus speaking, he calls one with whom he is wont, and most gladly, to share
His table and converse alike, and the load of his business and care, When wearied with making great part of the counsel and day-long
debate
In broad Forum and reverend Senate, on highest concerns of the
State ;
To whom matters of moment and trifles and jest he can speak and
be bold, —
Can pour forth all at once, if he wish, good and bad, what there is to
be told,
And put in safe keeping ; with whom both in public and private he
knows
High pleasure and joy ; whom no evil nature the fancies dispose
To base acts out of malice or levity ; learned, and loyal in act, Agreeable, eloquent, cheerful, content with himself, full of tact, Suiting speech to the season, right courteous, with words not too
many for need ;
Versed in buried antiquities, gaining from years and from study the
meed
Of knowing the old ways and new, many laws both of men and
divine ; —
Who knows when the counsels of prudence to speech and to silence
incline.
The Problem of Divine Government.
That the race of gods exists in heaven, I have ever said and say : But I do not think they care how the race of men live out their day ; For then the good would have good, the bad bad, which now is far away.
O my father ! fatherland !
FRAGMENTS OP EARLY ROMAN POETS. 115
Inscription for Tomb of Scipio Major.
Here lies on whom compatriot or foe Meed for his actions never could bestow.
Another for the Same.
From dawn-land, or Maeotis' swamp beyond,
There lives no man whose deeds can match my own.
Could any climb with right the gods' domain, Heaven's mighty gate stands wide to me alone.
To Himself.
Hail, poet Ennius, who to mortal men Pledgest thy flaming verses marrow-born.
His Old Age.
So a strong steed, who oft the race has run Around the vast Olympian course, and won, Now rests in peaceful age, his service done.
Epitaph on Himself.
Why ?
Pacuvius.
[Nephew of Ennius, and like him a native of Brundisium, South Italy ; born b. c. 220, and died about b. c. 130. He was a painter of great celebrity, and held in the front rank of tragic poets. ]
Departure of the Greeks from Troy.
Now the crested billows whiten as the sun is hasting down ; Twofold darkness falls around us, night and storm-clouds blind the
sight;
'Mid the clouds the levin blazes; trembles heaven beneath the
crash ;
Hail with torrent rain commingling, bursts in headlong whirlwind
down ;
All the winds rush forth about us ; sweeps the wild tornado round ; Boils the sea with glowing fury.
Compatriots, come and look upon old Ennius' sculptured form :
He penned your fathers' mighty deeds to keep their memory warm. Let no one honor mine with tears, nor weep the funeral day :
Istill live, and through men's mouths flit to and fro for aye.
116 FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS.
Epitaph on Himself.
Youth, even though thou art hurrying, this stone asks a boon of thee :
That thou wilt gaze upon then read what its gravings telL Here are the bones of Pacuvius Marcus, the poet, laid.
could wish this, all unknowing what thou mayst be. Farewell.
Attius or Accius.
[Bora b. c. 170 lived to great age, as Cicero when a young man (»i. c. 85- 80) frequently conversed with him. His tragedies are praised by the ancients for vigor of language and elevation of thought. He also wrote annals in verse, like Ennius and prose works. ]
Tarquin — Dialogue between Tarquin and the Diviners.
When at night's urgency gave my frame
To rest, and soothed my languid limbs with sleep, A shepherd seemed in slumber to accost me. . . . Two kindred rams were chosen from the flock,
A fleecy treasure of beauty rare
Whereof slew the fairer on an altar.
Then did his fellow with his horns essay
To butt, and overthrew me on the ground
Where as lay sore wounded in the dirt,
gazed on heaven, and there beheld a sad And wondrous sign the fiery ray-girt sun Passed back in strange disorder to his right.
Diviners —
Good my liege, no marvel the forms of waking thought,
Care, and sight, and deed, and converse, all revisit us in sleep
But we may not pass regardless sight so unforedeemed as this. Wherefore see lest one thou thinkest stupid as the flocks that graze Bear heart with choicest wisdom purified and fortified,
And expel thee from thy kingdom. For the portent of the sun Shows there change impending o'er the people of thy sway.
May the gods avert the omen near the mighty star
From his left to right returning, shows thee clearly as his light That the Roman people's greatness shall become supreme at last
A Shepherd describes his First Sight of a Ship.
The monster bulk sweeps on
Loud from the deep, with mighty roar and panting.
It hurls the waves before stirs up whirlpools On, on bounds dashes back the spray. Awhile, seems bursting tempest cloud
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FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS. 117
Awhile, a rock uprooted by the winds,
And whirled aloft by hurricane ; or masses Beaten by concourse of the crashing waves ;
The sea seems battering o'er the wrecks of land ; Or Triton, from their roots the caves beneath Upturning with his trident, flings to heaven
A rocky mass from out the billowy deep.
Lttcilius.
[Born b. o. 148, at Suessa, on the Santa Croce mountains; died 103, at Naples. He served under Scipio in Spain ; and is said to have been a grand- uncle, if not grandfather, of Pompey the Great. Roman writers proclaim him a satirist of immense vigor and great poetic force, the founder of Roman satirio poetry in its artistic form, and by some regarded as the greatest of all in his own class. ]
The Ideal of Life.
Virtue, Albinus, is the power to give
Their due to objects amid which we live ;
What each possesses, faithfully to scan;
To know the right, the good, the true for man ; Again to know the wrong, the base, the ill ; What we should seek, and how we should fulfill; Honor and wealth at their true worth to prize ; 111 men and deeds repudiate, hate, despise ;
Good men and deeds uphold, promote, defend, Exalt them, seek their welfare, live their friend ; To place our country's interests first alone ;
Our parents' next ; the third and last, our own.
Debating in Place of Action.
But now from morning till night, work-day and holiday too,
The whole day just the same, people and Senate alike
Bustle about in the Forum, and never keep quiet a moment, — Each singly devoting himself to the self-same study and art,
To bandy words with the utmost wariness, fighting with craft, Vying in outward politeness, and plotting — with counterfeit airs Of being virtuous men — as if each were the foe of the rest
Gfrcecomania in Rome.
Albucius, rather by the name of Greek
Than Roman or of Sabine, countryman
Of the Centurions, Pontius and Tritannius, Distinguished men, our foremost, standard-bearers, You would be called. As pretor of Athens, then, Greek as you wish, when you approach, I hail you :
118
FRAGMENTS OF EARLY ROMAN POETS.
" Chaere," I say, " O Titus. " And my lictors, My escort, all my staff, repeat with me,
" Chaere, O Titus. " Then from hence, Albucius, You are my private and my public foe.
The Superstitious Man.
The hobgoblins and bogies set up from Faunus and Numa Pompilius, He trembles before them, there's nothing he does not credit them
with;
As babies imagine all figures of bronze are alive and are men,
So such persons believe that those figments are true, and that souls Indwell in these statues of bronze, — painters' blocks, nothing true,
all a fable.
Vabbo.
[The most learned and one of the most voluminous writers of Rome ; he credits himself with writing 490 books. Born b. c. 116, and deeply studied in Roman antiquities and Greek philosophy, he entered public life, held high naval command against the pirates and Mithradates, was Pompey 's legate in Spain, and held to his side at Fharsalia. Pardoned by Caesar and employed in arranging the great public library, he lived in retirement, but was proscribed by the sec ond triumvirate ; his life was spared, however, and he died b. c. 28 under Augus tus. His " Menippean Satires " formed a model for Petronius, Seneca, Julian, and others. ]
From " Marcipor. "
All suddenly, about the noon of night,
When far the sky, bedropt with fervid fires, Displayed the starry firmamental dance,
The racking clouds, with cold and watery veil,
Closed up the golden hollows of the heaven,
Spouting on mortals Stygian cataracts.
The winds, the frantic offspring of the North,
Burst from the frozen pole, and swept along
Tiles, boughs, and hurricanes of whelming dust.
But we, poor trembling shipwrecked men, like storks Whose wings the double-pinioned thunderbolt
Hath scorched, fell prone in terror on the ground.
From "Prometheus Free. "
I am become like outer bark, or tops
Of oaks that in the forest die with drought ;
My blood is drained ; my color wan with anguish ; No mortal hears me ; only Desolation,
That dwells abroad on Scythia's houseless plains. My spirit ne'er parleys with sleep-gendered forms ; No shade of slumber rests upon my eyelids.
TO SAVE A SISTER. 119
TO SAVE A SISTER. By GEORG EBERS.
(From "The Sisters," a novel of the time of Ptolemy Euergetes, b. c. 164. )
[Geoeg Moritz Ebbks : German Egyptologist and novelist ; horn at Berlin, March 1, 1837. He was educated at Gottingen and Berlin, and lectured for a while at Jena. In 1870 he became professor of Egyptian archaeology at Leipsic, resigning in 1889 on account of ill health. Besides several important works on Egyptology, he has published a series of historical novels treating of ancient Egyptian life, which have enjoyed extraordinary popularity not only in Ger many, but in other countries. The best known are : " An Egyptian Princess," "Uarda," "Homo Sum," "The Sisters," "Serapis," "The Bride of the Nile," and "Cleopatra. " Also popular are : " In the Fire of the Forge," " The Burgo master's Wife," and "Gred. "]
The Greek temple of Serapis, to which the water-carriers belonged, was joined to the Egyptian of Osiris-Apis by a fine paved street for the use of processions ; and along this Klea now rapidly proceeded. There was a shorter road to Memphis; but she chose this because the hills of sand on each side of the street bordered by Sphinxes, which had every day to be cleared of the desert drift, hid her from the sight of her companions in the temple ; moreover, the best and safest way to the city was by a road starting from a crescent, adorned with busts of philosophers, which lay near the main entrance to the new Apis tombs.
She looked neither at the lion bodies with men's heads which guarded the road, nor at the figures of beasts on the wall inclosing it ; nor did she heed the dusky temple slaves of Osiris- Apis, who with large brooms were sweeping the sand from the paved road : for she thought of nothing but Irene and the diffi cult task that lay before her, and walked swiftly onward with her eyes on the ground.
But she had taken only a few steps when she heard her name called quite near, and looking up in alarm she found herself standing opposite Krates, the little smith, who came close up to her, took hold of her veil, threw it back a little before she could prevent him, and asked : — "
" Do not keep me back," besought Klea. " You know that Irene, whom you were always so fond of, has been carried off ; perhaps I may be able to save her, but if you betray me and they follow me—"
" Where are you going, child ?
120 TO SAVE A SISTER.
"I will not hinder you," interrupted the old man. " Indeed, if it were not for these swollen feet I would go with you, for I can think of nothing else but the poor dear little thing ; but as it is, I shall be glad enough when I am sitting still again in my shop ; it is just as if a workman of my own trade lived in each of my big toes, and was dancing round in them with hammer and file and chisel and nails. Very likely you may be lucky enough to find your sister, for a cunning woman succeeds in many things which are too hard for a wise man. Go on, and if they hunt for you, old Krates will not betray you. "
" Wait a minute, my girl : you can do me a little service. I have just fitted a new lock to the door of the Apis tomb over there. It works finely, but the one key I have made for it is not enough: we need four, and you must order them for me from the locksmith Heri, to be sent me day after to-morrow ; he lives opposite the gate of Sokari — to the left, next the bridge over the canal — you can't miss it. I hate repeating and copying as much as I like inventing and making new things, and Heri can work from a pattern as well as I can. If it were not for my legs I would give him the commission myself, for one who speaks by the lips of a go-between is often misunder stood or not understood at all. "
He nodded kindly at Klea, and had half turned his back on her when he again looked round and called to her : —
" I will gladly save you the walk," replied Klea ; while the smith sat down on the pedestal of one of the Sphinxes, and opening the leather wallet which hung by his side, shook out the contents. Some files, chisels, and nails fell out into his lap ; then the key, and finally a sharp, pointed knife with which Krates had cut out the hollow in the door to insert the lock. Krates touched up the pattern key for the smith in Memphis with a few strokes of the file, and then, muttering thoughtfully and shaking his head doubtfully from side to side, he ex claimed : —
" You must come once more yet to the door with me, for I insist on accurate work from other people, and so I must be stern with my own. "
" But I want so much to reach Memphis before dark," be sought Klea.
" The whole thing won't take a minute, and if you will give me your arm I shall go twice as fast. There, here are the files, and here is the knife. "
TO SAVE A SISTER. 121
" Give it to me," Klea asked. " This blade is sharp and bright, and as soon as I saw felt as bid me take with me. Very likely may have to come through the desert alone at night. "
" Yes," said the smith, " and even the weakest feels stronger when he has weapon. Hide the knife somewhere about you, my child, only take care not to hurt yourself with it. Now let me take your arm, and on we will go — but not quite so fast. "
Klea led the smith to the door he indicated, and saw with admiration how unfailing the bolt sprang forward when one half of the door closed upon the other, and how easily the key pushed back again; then, after conducting Krates back to the Sphinx near which she had met him, she went on her way at her quickest pace, for the sun was already very low, and seemed scarcely possible to reach Memphis before should set.
As she approached tavern where soldiers and low people were accustomed to resort, she was met by drunken slave. She went on and passed him without any fear, for the knife in her girdle, and on which she kept her hand, kept up her cour age, and she felt as she had thus acquired third hand, which was more powerful and less timid than her own. A com pany of soldiers had encamped in front of the tavern, and the wine of Khakem, which was grown close by, on the eastern declivity of the Libyan range, had an excellent savor.
The men were in capital spirits, for at noon to-day — after they had been quartered here for months as guards of the tombs of Apis and of the temples of the Necropolis — commanding officer of the Diadoches had arrived at Memphis, who had ordered them to break up at once, and to withdraw into the capital before nightfall. They were not to be relieved other mercenaries till the next morning.
All this Klea learned from messenger from the Egyptian temple in the Necropolis, who recognized her, and who was going to Memphis, commissioned by the priests of Osiris-Apis and Sokari to convey petition to the king, praying that fresh troops might be promptly sent to replace those now withdrawn.
For some time she went on side by side with this messenger, but soon she found that she could not keep up with his hurried pace, and had to fall behind. In front of another tavern sat the officers of the troops, whose noisy mirth she had heard as she passed the former one they were sitting over their wine and looking on at the dancing of two Egyptian girls, who screeched
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122 TO SAVE A SISTER.
like cackling hens over their mad leaps, and who so effectually riveted the attention of the spectators, who were beating time for them by clapping their hands, that Klea, accelerating her step, was able to slip unobserved past the wild crew. All these scenes, nay, everything she met with on the high-road, scared the girl, who was accustomed to the silence and the solemn life of the temple of Serapis, and she therefore struck into a side path that probably also led to the city, which she could already see lying before her with its pylons, its citadel, and its houses veiled in evening mist. In a quarter of an hour at most she would have crossed the desert, and reach the fertile meadow land, whose emerald hue grew darker and darker every moment. The sun was already sinking to rest behind the Libyan range, and soon after, for twilight is short in Egypt, she was wrapped in the darkness of night. The west wind, which had begun to blow even at noon, now rose higher, and seemed to pursue her with its hot breath and the clouds of sand it carried with it from the desert.
She must certainly be approaching water, for she heard the deep boom of the bittern in the reeds, and fancied she breathed a moister air. A few steps more, and her foot sank in mud ; and she now saw that she was standing on the edge of a wide ditch in which tall papyrus plants were growing. The side path she had struck into ended at this plantation, and there was nothing to be done but to turn about and continue her walk against the wind and with the sand blowing in her face.
The light from the drinking-booth showed her the direction she must follow, for though the moon was up, it is true, black clouds swept across it, covering it and the smaller lights of heaven for many minutes at a time. Still she felt no fatigue, but the shouts of the men and the loud cries of the women that rang out from the tavern filled her with alarm and disgust. She made a wide circuit round the hostelry, wading through the sand hillocks and tearing her dress on the thorns and this tles that had boldly struck deep root in the desert, and had grown up there like the squalid brats in the hovel of a beggar. But still, as she hurried on by the high-road, the hideous laughter and the crowing mirth of the dancing-girls still rang in her mind's ear.
Her blood coursed more swiftly through her veins, her head was on fire, she saw Irene close before her, tangibly distinct —
TO SAVE A SISTER. 123
with flowing hair and fluttering garments, whirling in a wild dance like a Maenad at a Dionysiac festival, flying from one embrace to another, and shouting and shrieking in unbridled folly like the wretched girls she had seen on her way. She was seized with terror for her sister — an unbounded dread such as she had never felt before, and as the wind was now once more behind her, she let herself be driven on by it, lifting her feet in a swift run and flying, as if pursued by the Erinnyes, with out once looking round her, and wholly forgetful of the smith's commission, on toward the city along the road planted with trees, which, as she knew, led to the gate of the citadel.
In front of the gate of the king's palace sat a crowd of petitioners, who were accustomed to stay here from early dawn till late at night, until they were called into the palace to receive the answer to the petition they had drawn up. When Klea reached the end of her journey, she was so exhausted and bewildered that she felt the imperative necessity of seeking rest and quiet reflection, so she seated herself among these people, next to a woman from Upper Egypt. But hardly had she taken her place by her with a silent greeting, when her talkative neighbor began to relate with particular minuteness why she had come to Memphis, and how certain unjust judges had conspired with her bad husband to trick her — for men were always ready to join against a woman — and to deprive her of everything which had been secured to her and her chil dren by her marriage contract. For two months now, she said, she had been waiting early and late before the sublime gate, and was consuming her last ready cash in the city where living was so dear; but it was all one to her, and at a pinch
she would sell even her gold ornaments, for sooner or later her cause must come before the king, and then the wicked villain and his accomplices would be taught what was just.
Klea heard but little of this harangue ; a feeling had come over her like that of a person who is having water poured again and again on the top of his head. Presently her neigh bor observed that the newcomer was not listening at all to her complainings ; she slapped her shoulder with her hand, and said : —
" You seem to think of nothing but your own concerns ; and I dare say they are not of such a nature as that you should
124 TO SAVE A SISTER.
relate them to any one else ; so far as mine are concerned, the more they are discussed the better. "
The tone in which these remarks were made was so dry, and at the same time so sharp, that it hurt Klea, and she rose hastily to go closer to the gate. Her neighbor threw a cross word after her ; but she did not heed it, and drawing her veil closer over her face, she went through the gate of the palace into a vast courtyard, brightly lighted up by cressets and torches, and crowded with footrsoldiers and mounted guards.
The sentry at the gate perhaps had not observed her, or per haps had let her pass unchallenged from her dignified and erect gait, and the numerous armed men through whom she now made her way seemed to be so much occupied with their own affairs, that no one bestowed any notice on her. In a narrow alley, which led to a second court and was lighted by lanterns, one of the
known as Philobasilistes, a haughty young fellow in yellow riding-boots and a shirt of mail over his red tunic, came riding toward her on his tall horse, and noticing her, he tried to squeeze her between his charger and the wall, and put out his hand to raise her veil ; but Klea slipped aside, and put up her hands to protect herself from the horse's head, which was almost touching her. —
The cavalier, enjoying her alarm, called out :
"Only stand still — he is not vicious. "
" Which, you or your horse ? " asked Klea, with such a
body-guard
solemn tone in her deep voice that for an instant the young guardsman lost his self-possession, and this gave her time to go farther from the horse. But the girl's sharp retort had an noyed the conceited young fellow, and not having time to follow her himself, he called out in a tone of encouragement to a party of mercenaries from Cyprus, whom the frightened girl was trying to pass : —
" Look under this girl's veil, comrades, and if she is as pretty as she is well-grown, I wish you joy of your prize. "
He laughed as he pressed his knees against the flanks of his bay and trotted slowly away, while the Cypriotes gave Klea ample time to reach the second court, which was more brightly lighted even than the first, that they might there surround her with insolent importunity.
The helpless and persecuted girl felt the blood run cold in her veins, and for a few minutes she could see nothing but a bewildering confusion of flashing eyes and weapons, of beards
TO SAVE A SISTER. 125
and hands, could hear nothing but words and sounds, of which she understood and felt only that they were revolting and hor rible, and threatened her with death and ruin. She had crossed her arms over her bosom, but now she raised her hands to hide her face, for she felt a strong hand snatch away the veil that covered her head. This insolent proceeding turned her numb horror to indignant rage, and, fixing her sparkling eyes on her bearded opponents, she exclaimed : —
"Shame upon you, who in the king's own house fall like wolves on a defenseless woman, and in a peaceful spot snatch the veil from a young girl's head. Your mothers would blush for you, and your sisters cry shame on you—as Ido now ! "
Astonished at Klea's distinguished beauty, startled at the angry glare in her eyes, and the deep chest-tones of her voice, which trembled with excitement, the Cypriotes drew back, while the same audacious rascal that had pulled away her veil came closer to her, and cried : —
" Who would make such a noise about a rubbishy veil I If you will be my sweetheart, I will buy you a new one, and many things besides. "
At the same time he tried to throw his arm round her ; but at his touch Klea felt the blood leave her cheeks and mount to her bloodshot eyes, and at that instant her hand, guided by some uncontrollable inward impulse, grasped the handle of the knife which Krates had lent her ; she raised it high in the air, though with an unsteady arm, exclaiming: —
" Let me go or, by Serapis whom I serve, I will strike you to the heart ! "
The soldier to whom this threat was addressed was not the man to be intimidated by a blade of cold iron in a woman's hand: with a quick movement he seized her wrist in order to disarm her ; but although Klea was forced to drop the knife, she struggled with him to free herself from his clutch, and this con test between a man and a woman, who seemed to be of superior rank to that indicated by her very simple dress, seemed to most of the Cypriotes so undignified, so much out of place within the walls of a palace, that they pulled their comrade back from Klea, while others on the contrary came to the assistance of the bully, who defended himself stoutly. And in the midst of the fray, which was conducted with no small noise, stood Klea with flying breath. Her antagonist, though flung to the ground, still held her wrist with his left hand, while he defended him
126 TO SAVE A SISTER.
self against his comrades with the right, and she tried with all her force and cunning to withdraw it ; for at the very height of her excitement and danger she felt as if a sudden gust of wind had swept her spirit clear of all confusion, and she was again able to contemplate her position calmly and resolutely.
If only her hand were free, she might perhaps be able to take
of the struggle between her foes, and to force her way out between their ranks.
advantage
Twice, thrice, four times, she tried to wrench her hand with a sudden jerk through the fingers that grasped it; but each time in vain. Suddenly, from the man at her feet there broke a loud, long-drawn cry of pain which reechoed from the high walls of the court, and at the same time she felt the fingers of her antagonist gradually and slowly slip from her arm like the straps of a sandal carefully lifted by the surgeon from a broken ankle. "
" It is all over with him !
Cypriotes. "A man never calls out like that but once in his life ! True enough — the dagger is sticking here just under the ninth rib ! This is mad work I That is your doing again, Lykos, you savage wolf ! "
" He bit deep into my finger in the struggle — "
" And you are for ever tearing each other to pieces for the sake of the women," interrupted the elder, not listening to the other's excuses. " Well, I was no better than you in my time, and nothing can alter it! You had better be off now, for if the Epistrategist learns we have fallen to stabbing each other again — "
The Cypriote had not ceased speaking, and his countrymen were in the very act of raising the body of their comrade, when a division of the civic watch rushed into the court in close order and through the passage near which the fight for the girl had arisen, thus stopping the way against those who were about to escape, since all who wished to get out of the court into the open street must pass through the doorway into which Klea had been forced by the horseman. Every other exit from this second court of the citadel led into the strictly guarded gardens and buildings of the palace itself.
The noisy strife round Klea, and the cry of the wounded man, had attracted the watch ; the Cypriotes and the maiden soon found themselves surrounded, and they were conducted through a narrow side passage into the courtyard of the prison.
exclaimed the eldest of the
TO SAVE A SISTER. 127
After a short inquiry, the men who had been taken were allowed to return under an escort to their own phalanx, and Klea gladly followed the commander of the watch to a less brilliantly illu minated part of the prison yard, for in him she had recognized at once Serapion's brother, Glaucus, and he in her the daughter of the man who had done and suffered so much for his father's sake ; besides, they had often exchanged greetings and a few words in the temple of Serapis.
" All that is in my power," said Glaucus, — a man somewhat taller but not so broadly built as his brother, — when he had read the recluse's note and when Klea had answered a number of questions, " all that is in my power I will gladly do for you and your sister, for I do not forget all that I owe to your father; still I cannot but regret that you have incurred such risk, for it is always hazardous for a pretty young girl to venture into this palace at a late hour, and particularly just now, for the courts are swarming not only with Philometor's righting men, but with those of his brother, who have come here for their sovereign's birthday festival. The people have been liberally entertained, and the soldier who has been sacrific ing to Dionysus seizes the gifts of Eros and Aphrodite wherever he may find them. I will at once take charge of my brother's letter to the Roman, Publius Cornelius Scipio, but when you have received his answer you will do well to let yourself be escorted to my wife or my sister, who both live in the city, and to remain till to-morrow morning with one or the other. Here you cannot remain a minute unmolested while I am away — Where now — Aye ! The only safe shelter I can offer you is the prison down there ; the room where they lock up the sub altern officers when they have committed any offense is quite unoccupied, and I will conduct you thither. It is always kept clean, and there is a bench in it too. "
Klea followed her friend, who, as his hasty demeanor plainly showed, had been interrupted in important business. In a few steps they reached the prison ; she begged Glaucus to bring her the Roman's answer as quickly as possible, declared herself quite ready to remain in the dark, — since she perceived that the light of a lamp might betray her, and she was not afraid of the dark, — and suffered herself to be locked in.
As she heard the iron bolt creak in its brass socket a shiver ran through her, and although the room in which she found her self was neither worse nor smaller than that in which she and
128 TO SAVE A SISTER.
her sister lived in the temple, still it oppressed her, and she even felt as if an indescribable something hindered her breath ing, as she said to herself that she was locked in and no longer free to come and go. A dim light penetrated into her prison through the single barred window that opened on to the court, and she could see a little bench of palm-branches, on which she sat down to seek the repose she so sorely needed. All sense of discomfort gradually vanished before the new feeling of rest and refreshment, and pleasant hopes and anticipations were just be ginning to mingle themselves with the remembrance of the hor rors she had just experienced, when suddenly there was a stir and a bustle just in front of the prison — and she could hear, outside, the clatter of harness and words of command. She rose from her seat and saw that about twenty horsemen, whose golden
helmets and armor reflected the light of the lanterns, cleared the wide court by driving the men before them, as the flames drive the game from a fired hedge, and by forcing them into a second court from which again they proceeded to expel them. At least Klea could hear them shouting " In the king's name " there as they had before done close to her. Presently the horse men returned and placed themselves, ten and ten, as guards at each of the passages leading into the court. It was not without interest that Klea looked on at this scene, which was perfectly new to her ; and when one of the fine horses, dazzled by the light of the lanterns, turned restive and shied, leaping and rear ing and threatening his rider with a fall, — when the horseman checked and soothed it, and brought it to a standstill, — the Macedonian warrior was transfigured in her eyes to Publius, who no doubt could manage a horse no less well than this man.
No sooner was the court completely cleared of men by the mounted guard than a new incident claimed Klea's attention. First she heard footsteps in the room adjoining her prison, then bright streaks of light fell through the cracks of the slight par tition which divided her place of retreat from the other room, then the two window-openings close to hers were closed with heavy shutters, then seats or benches were dragged about and various objects were laid upon a table, and finally the door of the adjoining room was thrown open and slammed to again so violently that the door which closed hers and the bench near which she was standing trembled and jarred.
At the same moment a deep, sonorous voice called out with a loud and hearty shout of laughter : —
TO SAVE A SISTER. 129
"A mirror — give me a mirror, Eulaeus. By heaven! I do not look much like prison fare — more like a man in whose strong brain there is no lack of deep schemes, who can throttle his antagonist with a grip of his fist, and who is prompt to avail himself of all the spoil that comes in his way, so that he may compress the pleasures of a whole day into every hour, and enjoy them to the utmost ! As surely as my name is Euergetes my uncle Antiochus was right in liking to mix among the populace. The splendid puppets who surround us kings, and cover every portion of their own bodies in wrappings and swaddling bands, also stifle the expression of every genuine sentiment ; and it is enough to turn our brain to reflect that, if we would not be deceived, every word that we hear — and, oh dear ! how many words we must needs hear — must be pon dered in our minds. Now, the mob, on the contrary — who think themselves beautifully dressed in a threadbare cloth hanging round their brown loins — are far better off. If one of them says to another of his own class — a naked wretch who wears about him everything he happens to possess — that he is a dog, he answers with a blow of his fist in the other's face, and what can be plainer than that ! If on the other hand he tells him he is a splendid fellow, he believes it without reservation, and has a perfect right to believe it.
" Did you see how that stunted little fellow with a snub nose and bandy legs, who is as broad as he is long, showed all his teeth in a delighted grin when I praised his steady hand ? He laughs like a hyena, and every respectable father of a family looks on the fellow as a god-forsaken monster ; but the immortals must think him worth something to have given him such mag nificent grinders in his ugly mouth, and to have preserved him mercifully for fifty years — for that is about the rascal's age. If that fellow's dagger breaks, he can kill his victim with those teeth, as a"fox does a duck, or smash his bones with his fist. "
But, my lord," replied Eulaeus, dryly and with a certain matter-of-fact gravity, to King Euergetes — for he it was who had come with him into the room adjoining Klea's retreat, '* the dry little Egyptian with the thin straight hair is even more trust worthy and tougher and nimbler than his companion, and, so far, more estimable. One flings himself on his prey with a rush like a block of stone hurled from a roof, but the other, without being seen, strikes his poisoned fang into his flesh like an adder hidden in the sand. The third, on whom I had set great hopes,
vol. v. — 0
130 TO SAVE A SISTER.
was beheaded the day before yesterday without my knowledge ; but the pair whom you have condescended to inspect with your own eyes are sufficient. They must use neither dagger nor lance, but they will easily achieve their end with slings and hooks and poisoned needles, which leave wounds that resemble the sting of an adder. We may safely depend on these fellows. " Once more Euergetes laughed loudly, and exclaimed: —
" What an elaborate criticism ! Exactly as if these blood hounds were tragic actors, of which one could best produce his effects by fire and pathos, and the other by the subtlety of con ception. I call that an unprejudiced judgment. And why should not a man be great even as a murderer? From what hangman's noose did you drag out the neck of one, and from what heads man's block did you rescue the other, when you found them ?
" It is a lucky hour in which we first see something new to
I never before in the whole course of my life saw such villains as these. I do not regret having gone to see them and talked to them as if I were their equal. Now, take this torn coat off me, and help me to undress. Before I go to the feast I will take a hasty plunge in my bath, for I twitch in
toils. "
Klea could hear every word of this frightful conversation,
and clasped her hand over her brow with a shudder, for she found it difficult to believe in the reality of the hideous images that it brought before her mind. Was she awake or was she a prey to some horrid dream?
She hardly knew, and, indeed, she scarcely understood half of all she heard till the Roman's name was mentioned. She felt as if the point of a thin, keen knife was being driven obliquely through her brain from right to left, as it now flashed through her mind that it was against him, against Publius, that the wild beasts, disguised in human form, were directed by Eulaeus, and face to face with this — the most hideous, the most incredible of horrors — she suddenly recovered the full use of her senses. She softly slipped close to that rift in the partition through which the broadest beam of light fell into the room, put her ear close to and drank in, with fearful atten tion, word for word the report made by the eunuch to his iniqui tous superior, who frequently interrupted him with remarks,
us, and, by Heracles !
every limb, I feel as if I had got dirty in their company.
" There lie my clothes and my sandals ; strap them on for me, and tell me as you do it how you lured the Roman into the
it,
TO SAVE A SISTER. 131
words of approval, or a short laugh — drank them in, as a man
perishing in the desert drinks the loathsome waters of a salt
pool.
And what she heard was indeed well fitted to deprive her
of her senses, but the more definite the facts to which the words referred that she could overhear, the more keenly she listened, and the more resolutely she collected her thoughts. Eulaeus had used her own name to induce the Roman to keep an assig nation at midnight in the desert close to the Apis tombs. He repeated the words that he had written to this effect on a tile, and which requested Publius to come quite alone to the spot indicated, since she dare not speak with him in the temple. Finally, he was invited to write his answer on the other side of the square of clay. As Klea heard these words, put into her own mouth by a villain, she could have sobbed aloud heartily with anguish, shame, and rage ; but the point now was to keep her ears wide open, for Euergetes asked his odious tool, " And what was the Roman's answer ? "
Eulaeus must have handed the tile to the king, for he laughed loudly again, and cried out : —
" So he will walk into the trap — will arrive by half an hour after midnight at the latest, and greets Klea from her sister Irene. He carries on love-making and abduction wholesale, and buys water-bearers by the pair, like doves in the market or sandals in a shoemaker's stall. Only see how the simpleton writes Greek ; in these few words there are two mistakes, two regular schoolboy's blunders.
" The fellow must have had a very pleasant day of since he must have been reckoning on not unsuccessful evening — but the gods have an ugly habit of clenching the hand with which they have long caressed their favorites, and striking him with their fist.
"Amalthea's horn has been poured out on him to-day; first he snapped up, under my very nose, my little Hebe, the Irene of Irenes, whom hope to-morrow to inherit from him then he got the gift of my best Cyrenaean horses, and at the same time the flattering assurance of my valuable friendship then he had audience of my fair sister — and goes more to the heart of republican than you would believe when crowned heads are graciously disposed toward him finally the sister of his pretty sweetheart invites him to an assignation, and she, you and Zoe speak the truth, beauty in the grand style. Now
is a
;
; if
;
I
it a
a
it,
132 TO SAVE A SISTER.
these are really too many good things for one inhabitant of this most stingily provided world ; and in one single day, too, which, once begun, is so soon ended ; and justice requires that we should lend a helping hand to destiny, and cut off the head of this poppy that aspires to rise above its brethren ; the thou sands who have less good fortune than he would otherwise have great cause to complain of neglect. "
"I am happy to see you in such good humor," said Eu- lffiUS.
" My humor is as may be," interrupted the king. " I believe I am only whistling a merry tune to keep up my spirits in the dark. If I were on more familiar terms with what other men call fear, I should have ample reason to be afraid ; for in the quail-fight we have gone in for I have wagered a crown — aye, and more than that even. To-morrow only will decide whether the game is lost or won, but I know already to-day that I would rather see my enterprise against Philometor fail, with all my hopes of the double crown, than our plot against the life of the Roman; for Iwas a man before Iwas a king, and a man I should remain, if my throne, which now indeed stands on only two legs, were to crash under my weight.
" My sovereign dignity is but a robe, though the costliest, to be sure, of all garments. If forgiveness were any part of my nature, I might easily forgive the man who should soil or injure that — but he who comes too near to Euergetes the man, who dares to touch this body and the spirit it contains, or to cross it in its desires and purposes — him I will crush unhesitatingly to the earth, I will see him torn in pieces. Sentence is passed on the Roman, and if your ruffians do their duty, and if the gods accept the holocaust that I had slain before them at sun set for the success of my project, in a couple of hours Publius Cornelius Scipio will have bled to death. — — I,
"He is in a position to laugh at me as a man but therefore, — as a man — have the right, and — as a king — have the power, to make sure that that laugh shall be his last. If I could murder Rome as I can him how glad should I be ! for Rome alone hinders me from being the greatest of all the great kings of our time ; and yet I shall rejoice to-morrow when they tell me 'Publius Cornelius Scipio has been torn by wild beasts, and his body is so mutilated that his own mother could not recognize it ' more than if a messenger were to bring me the news that Carthage had broken the power of Rome. "
TO SAVE A SISTER. 133
Euergetes had spoken the last words in a voice that sounded like the roll of thunder as it growls in a rapidly approaching storm, louder, deeper, and more furious each instant. When at last he was silent, Eulaeus said : —
" The immortals, my lord, will not deny you this happiness. The brave fellows whom you condescended to see and to talk to strike as certainly as the bolt of our father Zeus, and as we have learned from the Roman's horse-keeper where he has hidden Irene, she will no more elude your grasp than the crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt. Now, allow me to put on your mantle, and then to call the bodyguard, that they may escort you as you return to your residence. "
"One thing more," cried the king, detaining Eulaeus. " There are always troops by the Tombs of Apis, placed there to guard the sacred places; may not they prove a hindrance to your friends ? "
"I have withdrawn all the soldiers and armed" guards to Memphis, down to the last man," replied Eulaeus, and quar tered them within the White Wall. Early to-morrow, before you proceed to business, they will be replaced by a stronger division, so that they may not prove a reenforcement to your brother's troops here, if things come to fighting. "
"I shall know how to reward your foresight," said Euer getes as Eulaeus quitted the room.
Again Klea heard a door open, and the sound of many hoofs on the pavement of the courtyard, and when she went, all trembling, up to the window, she saw Euergetes himself, and the powerfully knit horse that was led in for him. The tyrant twisted his hand in the mane of the restless and pawing steed, and Klea thought that the monstrous mass could never mount on to the horse's back without the aid of many men ; but she was mistaken, for with a mighty spring the giant flung himself high in the air and on to the horse, and then, guiding his pant ing steed by the pressure of his knees alone, he bounded out of the prison yard surrounded by his splendid train.
For some minutes the courtyard remained empty, then a man hurriedly crossed unlocked the door of the room where Klea was, and informed her that he was subaltern under Glaucus, and had brought her message from him.
" My lord," said the veteran soldier to the girl, " bid me greet you, and say that he found neither the Roman, Publius Scipio, nor his friend the Corinthian at home. He prevented from
is
a
it, a
134 TO SAVE A SISTER.
coming to you himself; he has his hands full of business, for soldiers in the service of both the kings are quartered within the White Wall, and all sorts of squabbles break out between them. Still, you cannot remain in this room, for it will shortly be occupied by a party of young officers who began the fray. Glaucus proposes for your choice that you should either allow me to conduct you to his wife or return to the temple to which you are attached. In the latter case a chariot shall convey you as far as the second tavern in Khakem on the borders of the desert — for the city is full of drunken soldiery. There you may probably find an escort, if you explain to the host who you are. But the chariot must be back again in less than an hour, for it is one of the king's, and when the banquet is over there may be a scarcity of chariots. "
" Yes — I will go back to the place I came from," said Klea
eagerly, interrupting the messenger. " Take me at once to the chariot. "
" Follow me, then," said the old man.
" But I have no veil," observed Klea, " and have only this thin robe on. Rough soldiers snatched my wrapper from my face, and my cloak from off my shoulders. "
" I will bring you the captain's cloak which is lying here in the orderly's room, and his traveling hat too; tbat will hide your face with its broad flap. You are so tall that you might be taken for a man, and that is well, for a woman leaving the palace at this hour would hardly pass unmolested. A slave shall fetch the things from your temple to-morrow. I may inform you that my master ordered me to take as much care of you as if you were his own daughter. And he told me too — and I had almost forgotten it — to tell you that your sister was carried off by the Roman, and not by that other dangerous man —you would know whom he meant. Now please wait till I
I shall not be
return ;
In a few minutes the guard returned with a large cloak, in
which he wrapped Klea, and a broad-brimmed traveling hat which she pressed on her head ; then led her to the quarter of the palace where the king's stables were. She kept close to the officer, and was soon seated on a chariot, and then conducted by the driver — who took her for a young Macedonian noble tempted out at night by an assignation — as far as the second tavern on the road back to the Serapeum.
gone long. "
BRAGGART AND PARASITE. 135
BRAGGART AND PARASITE. By TERENCE.
(From " The Eunuch. ")
[P. Tehentius Afer was a Carthaginian, born probably b. c. 185 ; brought to Rome early, it is said, as a slave ; was emancipated, became a protege' of the younger Scipio, exhibited his first play at nineteen, wrote five others in the next six years, and died b. c. 159 at twenty-six, one of the world's great classics from the purity and delicacy of his art, the universality of his types of character, the charm of his grace and humane irony. His work was largely a close imitation of the Greek Menander, and he combined scenes from other Greek originals ; but his own contribution, like Virgil's to the epic, was still greater than his borrowing. The names of his"plays are: "Andria" "(The Maid of Andros), "Eunuchus" (The Eunuch), Heautontimorumenos (The Self -Tormentor), "Adelphi" (The Brothers), "Hecyra" (The Mother- in-Law), "Phormio. "]
Chief Dramatis Persons : Gnatho, a parasite ; Thraso, a military officer, braggart, and coxcomb ; Laches, an old Athenian gentleman, with two sons, Phsdria and Chxrea, the former having a servant Parmeno; Chbbmes, an Athenian youth ; Thais, a courtesan admired by Thraso, and one of the two heroines of the piece, the other being Pamphila, sister of Chremes, who is second only to Mrs. Grundy as a curious stage heroine, for the latter never appears at all, while Pamphila appears but once, and never opens her mouth. She is a slave girl, originally of good family, who has been kidnapped when a baby and brought up by Thais' courtesan mother with her own daughter in Rhodes ; Thais goes to Athens, her mother dies, and Pamphila is bought by Thraso, who intends giving her to Thais at Athens as a present, not knowing their old relations. He finds Thais in liaison with Phaedria, and will not give her the girl till she has discarded her new lover ; she, finding who the girl is and having discovered from Chremes' talk that she must be his sister, is determined to get her back, but not to give up Phaedria, whom she likes much better than Thraso. Finally she induces Phaedria to leave Thraso a clear field for two days, promising to throw him over as soon as
she has the girl in her possession ; he agrees, and sends her a eunuch and a negro girl by Parmeno, while Thraso sends Pamphila by his lickspittle Gnatho. Chaerea sees and admires Pamphila ; his brother's servant, Par meno, dresses him in the eunuch's clothes and lets him into the house as her guardian, where he takes full advantage of the situation. Thraso quarrels with Thais, and comes with a train to demand Pamphila back, but cannot get her. Finally Pamphila is recognized by Chremes, and Chaerea makes amends by marrying her — the standpoint of Clarissa Harlowe not being intelligible then or usual at any time.
Act II. — Scene III.
Enter Gnatho at a distance, leading Pamphila.
Gnatho [to himself] — Immortal Gods I how much does one man excel another I What a difference there is between a
136 BRAGGART AND PARASITE.
wise person and a fool ! This strongly came into my mind from the following circumstance.
