Gellius Publicola (Dion
by Nicolaus Petreius, and published with Me- Cass.
by Nicolaus Petreius, and published with Me- Cass.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
Serm.
ii.
3.
253, fol.
; racter was haughty and reserved.
During the
Val. Max. vi. 9; Menag. ad Diog. Laërt. l. c. ; latter part of his life he was so tortured by the
Fabric. Bibl. Gracc. vol. iii. p. 183 ; comp. p. 323, gout, that he resolved to put an end to his existence ;
n. hhh. )
he had himself shut up in the tomb of his ancestors
2. Another Platonic philosopher, the disciple of at Laodiceia, where he died of hunger, at the age
Plotinus. (Porphyr. Plot. Vit. ; Fabric. l. c. ; of sixty-five. The exact time of his death is not
Clinton, F. H. sub anno B. c. 315, vol. ii. 3d ed. ) known ; but it must have been some time after A. D.
3. Of Athens by citizenship, but by birth either 143, as he was heard in that year by Verus.
of Ilium, or Samos, or Sicyon, a Stoic philosopher The only extant work of Polemon is the funeral
and an eminent geographer, surnamed ó tepi- orations for Cynaegeirus and Callimachus, the ge-
mitas, was the son of Euegetes, and a contempo nerals who fell at Marathon, which are supposed
rary of Aristophanes of Byzantium, in the time of) to be pronounced by their fathers, each extolling
Ptolemy Epiphanes, at the beginning of the second his own son above the other. Philostratus men-
century B. C. (Suid. s. v. ; Ath. vi. p. 234 ; Clin. tions several others of his rhetorical compositions,
ton, P. H. vol. iii. sub ann. B. C. 199). In philo- the subjects of which are chiefly taken from Athe-
sophy he was a disciple of Panaetius. He made nian history, and an oration which he pronounced,
extensive journeys through Greece, to collect mate by command of Hadrian, at the dedication of the
rials for his geographical works, in the course of temple of Zeus Olympius at Athens, in A. D. 135.
which he paid particular attention to the inscrip- His λόγοι επιτάφιοι were first printed by H.
tions on votive offerings and on columns, whence Stephanus, in his collection of the declamations of
he obtained the surname of Etnaokómas. (Ath. Polemon, Himerius, and other rhetoricians, Paris,
1. c. ; Casaub. ad loc. ) As the collector of these 1547, 4to. , afterwards by themselves in Greek,
inscriptions, he was one of the earlier contributors Paris, 1586, 4to. ; and in Greek and Latin, To-
to the Greek Anthology, and he wrote a work ex-losae, 1637, 8vo. The latest and best edition is
pressly, liep! Tô Kard Todels éteypapuátwr that of Caspar and Conrad Orelli, Lips. 1819,
(Ath. x. pp. 436, d. , 442, e. ); besides which, other 8vo. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. vi. pp. 2—4 ;
works of his are mentioned, upon the votive Clinton, Fasti Romani, s. a. 133, 135, 143. ) There
offerings and monuments in the Acropolis of is a coin of Hadrian, bearing the inscription
Athens, at Lacedaemon, at Delphi, and elsewhere, NOAEMON. ANEOHKE. CMTPNAIOIC. (Rasche,
which no doubt contained copies of numerous epi- Lexicon Rei Num. s. v. Polemon; Eckhel, Doctr.
grams. Hence Jacobs infers that, in all probability, Num. Vet. vol. ii. p. 562). This coin belongs to
his works formed a chief source of the Garland of a class which Eckhel has explained in a dissertation
Meleager (Animadv. in Anth. Graec. vol. i. Prooem. (vol. iv. c. 19, pp. 368—374). The question re-
pp. xxxiv. xxxv. ). Athenaeus and other writers specting the identity of the sophist with the writer,
make very numerous quotations from his works, who forms the subject of the following article, is
the titles of which it is unnecessary to give at discussed by Fr. Passow (Ueber Polemon's Zeitalter,
length. They are chiefly descriptions of different in the Archiv. für Philologie und Paedagogik, 1825,
parts of Greece ; some are on the paintings pre vol. i. pp. 7-9, Vermischte Schriften, p. 137. ) (P. S. )
served in various places, and several are contro- POʻLEMON (Tonéuwv), the author of a short
versial, among which is one against Eratosthenes. Greek work on Physiognomy, which is still
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec, vol. iii. p. 184 ; Vossius, de extant. Nothing is known of the events of his
Hist. Graec. pp. 159, foll. ed. Westermann; Clin life, but from some expressions that he uses (e. g.
ton, F. H. vol. iii. p. 524, where a list of his works the word eibwódutos, i. 6. p. 197) it has been
is given. )
supposed that he was a Christian. With respect
4. ANTONIUS, a highly celebrated sophist and to his date it can only be stated that he must
rhetorician, who flourished under Trajan, Hadrian, I have lived in or before the third century after
a
PP2
## p. 436 (#452) ############################################
436
POLITES.
POLLIO.
9
Christ, as he is mentioned by Origen (Cont. Cels. POLIU'CHOS (Tlonioù xos), i. e. “protecting
i. 33. p. 35), ed. Bened. ), and from his style he can- | the city," occurs as a surname of several divinities,
not be supposed to have lived much earlier than this such as Athena Chalcioecus at Sparta (Paus. iii.
time. His work, which appears to have suffered 17. $ 2), and of Athena at Athens (Comp.
much from the ignorance of transcribers, consists ATHENA. )
(L. S. ]
of two books : in the first, which contains twenty- POLLA, the name of several Roman females,
three chapters, after proving the utility of phy. was merely another form of Paulla, like Clodius
siognomy, he lays down the general principles of of Claudius.
the science ; he speaks of the shape of the head, 1. The wife of D. Brutus, one of the murderers
the colour of the hair, of the forehead, the eyes, of Caesar. Cicero calls her simply Polla (ad Fum.
the ears, the nose, the manner of breathing, the xi. 8), but we learn from a letter of Caelius
sound of the voice, &c. ; in the second book, which (ad Fam. viii. 7) that her full name was Paulla
consists of twenty-seven chapters, he goes on to Valeria, She was a sister of the C. Valerius
apply the principles he had before laid down, and Triarius, who was tribune of the plebs B. c. 51,
describes in a few words the characters of the and who subsequently served in the civil war in
courageous man, the timid, the impudent, the Pompey's fleet. She divorced her husband, whose
passionate, the talkative, &c. It was first pub- name is not mentioned, in B. c. 50, without being
lished in Greek by Camillus Peruscus, with able to give any reason for so doing, and then
Aelian's “Varia Historia," and other works, at married D. Brutus (ad Fum. viii. 7).
Rome, 1545, 410. It was translated into Latin 2. The mother of L.
Gellius Publicola (Dion
by Nicolaus Petreius, and published with Me- Cass. xlvii. 24, where the manuscripts have
lerius “ De Natura Hominis," and other works, | Palla. )
at Venice, 1552, 4to. The last and best edition 3. The sister of M. Agrippa. (Dion Cass. lv. 8. )
is that by J. G. F. Franz in his “Scriptores Phy- 4. ACERRONIA Polla, the friend of Agrippina,
siognomoniae Veteres,” Altenburg. 1780. Bro. is spoken of under ACERRONIA.
in Greek and Latin, with a Preface and Notes. 5. VESPAsia Polla, the daughter of Vespasius
It was translated into Arabic, and is still extant Pollio, and the mother of the emperor Vespasian.
in that language. [PHILEMON). (See Franz's (Suet. Vesp. 1. )
Preface to his " Script. Physiogn. Vet. " and Penny 6. Argentaria POLLA, the wife of the poet
Cyclopaedia. )
(W. A. G. ) Lucan. (Stat. Silv. ü. 7. 62, &c. ; Martial, vii. 21,
POʻLEMON, of Alexandria, a painter men- 23, x. 64. )
tioned by Pliny among those who were non igno- POLLE’NIUS SEBENNUS, lived in the
biles quidem, in transcursu tamen dicendi (H. N. reign of Alexander Severus (Dion Cass. Ixxvi. 9. )
xxxv. 11. 6. 40. 42).
[P. S. ] POLLES (róxins). Suidas mentions (s. v. Me
POʻLIAS (Nonies), i. e. “ the goddess protect- Adunovs), that Melampus and Polles had acquired
ing the city," a surname of Athena at Athens, such celebrity as diviners, that there was a current
where she was especially worshipped as the pro proverb, “ It needs a Melampus or a Polles to divine
tecting divinity of the acropolis. (Paus. i. 27. & 1; it. ” He was a native of Aegae in Asia Minor, and
Arnob. adv. Gent. vi. 193. )
(L. S. ] wrote copiously on the subject of divination in all
PO’LICHUS, artist. [PTOLICH US. ]
its forms; as on the prognostications to be derived
POLIEUS (Ionieus)," the protector of the from the objects that met a traveller on his way;
city,” a surname of Zeus, under which he had an from what occurred at home ; regarding the result
altar on the acropolis at Athens. Upon this altar of diseases; and similar subjects, for wbich see
barley and wheat were strewed, which were con- Suidas (s. τη. Οιωνιστικήν, Πάλλης). [W. M. G. ]
sumed by the bull about to be sacrificed to the god. POLLEX, one of Cicero's slaves. (Cic. ad Fam.
The priest who killed the victim, threw away the xiv. 6, ad Att. viii. 5, xiii. 46, 47. )
axe as soon as he had struck the fatal blow, and POLLIANUS (IIw. Mavós), an epigrammatic
the axe was then brought before a court of justice. poet, five of whose pieces are preserved in the
(Paus. i. 24. § 4, 28. § 11. )
(L. S. ] Greek Anthology. From the first of these epigrama
POLI'OCH US (Furioxos), an Athenian comic it is probable that he was a grammarian ; the third
poet, of uncertain age, of whom two fragments only | is addressed to a poet named Florus, who is pos-
occur in Athenaeus (vii. p. 313, c. ii. p. 60, c. ), sibly the Florus who lived under Hadrian ; but
the one from his Kopivêlaotńs, and the other from there is no other indication of the writer's age.
a play, of which the title is not mentioned. (Mei- (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 439 ; Jacobs, Arth.
neke, Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. p. 498, vol. iv. Graec. vol. iii. pp. 146, 147, vol. xiii. p. 910. ) [P. S. )
pp. 589, 590. )
(P. S. ) POʻLLIO, artists. 1. A gem-engraver (Bracci,
POLIORCEʼTES, DEME'TRIUS. [Deme- Praef. ad Comm. ii. p. 6).
TRIUS, p. 962. ]
2. C. Postumius, an architect, whose name occurs
POLIS, a statuary, mentioned by Pliny among in an inscription in the cathedral at Terracina ;
those who made athletas et armatos et venatores sa- from which it may be inferred, with much probabi-
crificantesque (H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. & 34). [P. S. ) | lity, that he was the architect of the celebrated
POLI'TES (Tonítns). 1. A son of Priam and temple of Apollo at that place. From another in-
Hecabe, and father of Priam the younger, was a scription it appears that C. Cocceius, the architect
valiant warrior, but was slain by Pyrrhus. (Hom. of the temple of Augustus at Pozzuoli, was the
II. ii. 791, xiii. 533, xxiv. 250 ; Virg. Aen. ii. 526, freedman and disciple of this Postumius Pollio.
v. 564. )
(R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 440—441,
2. A companion of Odysseus, who is said to 2nd ed. )
[P. S. ]
have been worshipped as a hero at Temesa in Italy. POʻLLIO, A'NNIUS, was accused of treason
(Hom. Od. x. 224 ; Strab. vi. p. 255. )
(majestas) towards the end of the reign of Tibe-
3. One of the companions of Menelaus. (Paus rius, but was not brought to trial. He was sub
x. 25. § 2. )
[L. S. ) sequently one of Nero's intimate friends, but was
vu.
## p. 437 (#453) ############################################
POLLIO.
437
POLLIO.
notwithstanding accused of taking part in Piso's Caesar next year, B. C.
Val. Max. vi. 9; Menag. ad Diog. Laërt. l. c. ; latter part of his life he was so tortured by the
Fabric. Bibl. Gracc. vol. iii. p. 183 ; comp. p. 323, gout, that he resolved to put an end to his existence ;
n. hhh. )
he had himself shut up in the tomb of his ancestors
2. Another Platonic philosopher, the disciple of at Laodiceia, where he died of hunger, at the age
Plotinus. (Porphyr. Plot. Vit. ; Fabric. l. c. ; of sixty-five. The exact time of his death is not
Clinton, F. H. sub anno B. c. 315, vol. ii. 3d ed. ) known ; but it must have been some time after A. D.
3. Of Athens by citizenship, but by birth either 143, as he was heard in that year by Verus.
of Ilium, or Samos, or Sicyon, a Stoic philosopher The only extant work of Polemon is the funeral
and an eminent geographer, surnamed ó tepi- orations for Cynaegeirus and Callimachus, the ge-
mitas, was the son of Euegetes, and a contempo nerals who fell at Marathon, which are supposed
rary of Aristophanes of Byzantium, in the time of) to be pronounced by their fathers, each extolling
Ptolemy Epiphanes, at the beginning of the second his own son above the other. Philostratus men-
century B. C. (Suid. s. v. ; Ath. vi. p. 234 ; Clin. tions several others of his rhetorical compositions,
ton, P. H. vol. iii. sub ann. B. C. 199). In philo- the subjects of which are chiefly taken from Athe-
sophy he was a disciple of Panaetius. He made nian history, and an oration which he pronounced,
extensive journeys through Greece, to collect mate by command of Hadrian, at the dedication of the
rials for his geographical works, in the course of temple of Zeus Olympius at Athens, in A. D. 135.
which he paid particular attention to the inscrip- His λόγοι επιτάφιοι were first printed by H.
tions on votive offerings and on columns, whence Stephanus, in his collection of the declamations of
he obtained the surname of Etnaokómas. (Ath. Polemon, Himerius, and other rhetoricians, Paris,
1. c. ; Casaub. ad loc. ) As the collector of these 1547, 4to. , afterwards by themselves in Greek,
inscriptions, he was one of the earlier contributors Paris, 1586, 4to. ; and in Greek and Latin, To-
to the Greek Anthology, and he wrote a work ex-losae, 1637, 8vo. The latest and best edition is
pressly, liep! Tô Kard Todels éteypapuátwr that of Caspar and Conrad Orelli, Lips. 1819,
(Ath. x. pp. 436, d. , 442, e. ); besides which, other 8vo. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. vi. pp. 2—4 ;
works of his are mentioned, upon the votive Clinton, Fasti Romani, s. a. 133, 135, 143. ) There
offerings and monuments in the Acropolis of is a coin of Hadrian, bearing the inscription
Athens, at Lacedaemon, at Delphi, and elsewhere, NOAEMON. ANEOHKE. CMTPNAIOIC. (Rasche,
which no doubt contained copies of numerous epi- Lexicon Rei Num. s. v. Polemon; Eckhel, Doctr.
grams. Hence Jacobs infers that, in all probability, Num. Vet. vol. ii. p. 562). This coin belongs to
his works formed a chief source of the Garland of a class which Eckhel has explained in a dissertation
Meleager (Animadv. in Anth. Graec. vol. i. Prooem. (vol. iv. c. 19, pp. 368—374). The question re-
pp. xxxiv. xxxv. ). Athenaeus and other writers specting the identity of the sophist with the writer,
make very numerous quotations from his works, who forms the subject of the following article, is
the titles of which it is unnecessary to give at discussed by Fr. Passow (Ueber Polemon's Zeitalter,
length. They are chiefly descriptions of different in the Archiv. für Philologie und Paedagogik, 1825,
parts of Greece ; some are on the paintings pre vol. i. pp. 7-9, Vermischte Schriften, p. 137. ) (P. S. )
served in various places, and several are contro- POʻLEMON (Tonéuwv), the author of a short
versial, among which is one against Eratosthenes. Greek work on Physiognomy, which is still
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec, vol. iii. p. 184 ; Vossius, de extant. Nothing is known of the events of his
Hist. Graec. pp. 159, foll. ed. Westermann; Clin life, but from some expressions that he uses (e. g.
ton, F. H. vol. iii. p. 524, where a list of his works the word eibwódutos, i. 6. p. 197) it has been
is given. )
supposed that he was a Christian. With respect
4. ANTONIUS, a highly celebrated sophist and to his date it can only be stated that he must
rhetorician, who flourished under Trajan, Hadrian, I have lived in or before the third century after
a
PP2
## p. 436 (#452) ############################################
436
POLITES.
POLLIO.
9
Christ, as he is mentioned by Origen (Cont. Cels. POLIU'CHOS (Tlonioù xos), i. e. “protecting
i. 33. p. 35), ed. Bened. ), and from his style he can- | the city," occurs as a surname of several divinities,
not be supposed to have lived much earlier than this such as Athena Chalcioecus at Sparta (Paus. iii.
time. His work, which appears to have suffered 17. $ 2), and of Athena at Athens (Comp.
much from the ignorance of transcribers, consists ATHENA. )
(L. S. ]
of two books : in the first, which contains twenty- POLLA, the name of several Roman females,
three chapters, after proving the utility of phy. was merely another form of Paulla, like Clodius
siognomy, he lays down the general principles of of Claudius.
the science ; he speaks of the shape of the head, 1. The wife of D. Brutus, one of the murderers
the colour of the hair, of the forehead, the eyes, of Caesar. Cicero calls her simply Polla (ad Fum.
the ears, the nose, the manner of breathing, the xi. 8), but we learn from a letter of Caelius
sound of the voice, &c. ; in the second book, which (ad Fam. viii. 7) that her full name was Paulla
consists of twenty-seven chapters, he goes on to Valeria, She was a sister of the C. Valerius
apply the principles he had before laid down, and Triarius, who was tribune of the plebs B. c. 51,
describes in a few words the characters of the and who subsequently served in the civil war in
courageous man, the timid, the impudent, the Pompey's fleet. She divorced her husband, whose
passionate, the talkative, &c. It was first pub- name is not mentioned, in B. c. 50, without being
lished in Greek by Camillus Peruscus, with able to give any reason for so doing, and then
Aelian's “Varia Historia," and other works, at married D. Brutus (ad Fum. viii. 7).
Rome, 1545, 410. It was translated into Latin 2. The mother of L.
Gellius Publicola (Dion
by Nicolaus Petreius, and published with Me- Cass. xlvii. 24, where the manuscripts have
lerius “ De Natura Hominis," and other works, | Palla. )
at Venice, 1552, 4to. The last and best edition 3. The sister of M. Agrippa. (Dion Cass. lv. 8. )
is that by J. G. F. Franz in his “Scriptores Phy- 4. ACERRONIA Polla, the friend of Agrippina,
siognomoniae Veteres,” Altenburg. 1780. Bro. is spoken of under ACERRONIA.
in Greek and Latin, with a Preface and Notes. 5. VESPAsia Polla, the daughter of Vespasius
It was translated into Arabic, and is still extant Pollio, and the mother of the emperor Vespasian.
in that language. [PHILEMON). (See Franz's (Suet. Vesp. 1. )
Preface to his " Script. Physiogn. Vet. " and Penny 6. Argentaria POLLA, the wife of the poet
Cyclopaedia. )
(W. A. G. ) Lucan. (Stat. Silv. ü. 7. 62, &c. ; Martial, vii. 21,
POʻLEMON, of Alexandria, a painter men- 23, x. 64. )
tioned by Pliny among those who were non igno- POLLE’NIUS SEBENNUS, lived in the
biles quidem, in transcursu tamen dicendi (H. N. reign of Alexander Severus (Dion Cass. Ixxvi. 9. )
xxxv. 11. 6. 40. 42).
[P. S. ] POLLES (róxins). Suidas mentions (s. v. Me
POʻLIAS (Nonies), i. e. “ the goddess protect- Adunovs), that Melampus and Polles had acquired
ing the city," a surname of Athena at Athens, such celebrity as diviners, that there was a current
where she was especially worshipped as the pro proverb, “ It needs a Melampus or a Polles to divine
tecting divinity of the acropolis. (Paus. i. 27. & 1; it. ” He was a native of Aegae in Asia Minor, and
Arnob. adv. Gent. vi. 193. )
(L. S. ] wrote copiously on the subject of divination in all
PO’LICHUS, artist. [PTOLICH US. ]
its forms; as on the prognostications to be derived
POLIEUS (Ionieus)," the protector of the from the objects that met a traveller on his way;
city,” a surname of Zeus, under which he had an from what occurred at home ; regarding the result
altar on the acropolis at Athens. Upon this altar of diseases; and similar subjects, for wbich see
barley and wheat were strewed, which were con- Suidas (s. τη. Οιωνιστικήν, Πάλλης). [W. M. G. ]
sumed by the bull about to be sacrificed to the god. POLLEX, one of Cicero's slaves. (Cic. ad Fam.
The priest who killed the victim, threw away the xiv. 6, ad Att. viii. 5, xiii. 46, 47. )
axe as soon as he had struck the fatal blow, and POLLIANUS (IIw. Mavós), an epigrammatic
the axe was then brought before a court of justice. poet, five of whose pieces are preserved in the
(Paus. i. 24. § 4, 28. § 11. )
(L. S. ] Greek Anthology. From the first of these epigrama
POLI'OCH US (Furioxos), an Athenian comic it is probable that he was a grammarian ; the third
poet, of uncertain age, of whom two fragments only | is addressed to a poet named Florus, who is pos-
occur in Athenaeus (vii. p. 313, c. ii. p. 60, c. ), sibly the Florus who lived under Hadrian ; but
the one from his Kopivêlaotńs, and the other from there is no other indication of the writer's age.
a play, of which the title is not mentioned. (Mei- (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 439 ; Jacobs, Arth.
neke, Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. p. 498, vol. iv. Graec. vol. iii. pp. 146, 147, vol. xiii. p. 910. ) [P. S. )
pp. 589, 590. )
(P. S. ) POʻLLIO, artists. 1. A gem-engraver (Bracci,
POLIORCEʼTES, DEME'TRIUS. [Deme- Praef. ad Comm. ii. p. 6).
TRIUS, p. 962. ]
2. C. Postumius, an architect, whose name occurs
POLIS, a statuary, mentioned by Pliny among in an inscription in the cathedral at Terracina ;
those who made athletas et armatos et venatores sa- from which it may be inferred, with much probabi-
crificantesque (H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. & 34). [P. S. ) | lity, that he was the architect of the celebrated
POLI'TES (Tonítns). 1. A son of Priam and temple of Apollo at that place. From another in-
Hecabe, and father of Priam the younger, was a scription it appears that C. Cocceius, the architect
valiant warrior, but was slain by Pyrrhus. (Hom. of the temple of Augustus at Pozzuoli, was the
II. ii. 791, xiii. 533, xxiv. 250 ; Virg. Aen. ii. 526, freedman and disciple of this Postumius Pollio.
v. 564. )
(R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 440—441,
2. A companion of Odysseus, who is said to 2nd ed. )
[P. S. ]
have been worshipped as a hero at Temesa in Italy. POʻLLIO, A'NNIUS, was accused of treason
(Hom. Od. x. 224 ; Strab. vi. p. 255. )
(majestas) towards the end of the reign of Tibe-
3. One of the companions of Menelaus. (Paus rius, but was not brought to trial. He was sub
x. 25. § 2. )
[L. S. ) sequently one of Nero's intimate friends, but was
vu.
## p. 437 (#453) ############################################
POLLIO.
437
POLLIO.
notwithstanding accused of taking part in Piso's Caesar next year, B. C.
