Alban Butler
registers
St.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v4
176.
Also Quinta Appendix ad Acta S.
Patricii, cap.
xxiii.
, p.
270.
' Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 108, 109.
passion of George, a sun of victory, with thirty great thousands. "
*
Such is the account, as furnished by the Glossograplier to the " Leabhar Breac' ver- sion, and he adds :—Aguj- xxx. vn. aguf
occxxix. incriAbcu-ooti ono. This is trans-
lated, by Dr. Whitley Stokes :
" Breac—" copy, the following stanza is met
with
:
In the
Leabhar
"
and 30, 729
478 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 25.
rescued them, so that the fire hurt them not. '* These are also entered, in the
FranciscancopyoftheMartyrologyofTallagh,5atthe24thofApril; asalso, in several ancient Kalendars and Manuscript Martyrologies,* at this same date. 7 In reference to St. George's thirty great thousands, these are stated' to have been the number of those martyrs he brought toChrist. 9 The BoUandists have notices, at this date, of George, of Maurice, and of Tiberius, belonging to the Theban Legion, who shed their blood, rather than deny their faith, in time of the Emperor Maximian, and at Pinerolium, in Piedmont, Italy. '" In a Greek Manuscript Synaxarium, and in other ancient authorities, at this samedateisafeastofSt. George,aMartyr. " Itseemsprobable,thatSt. George of the Theban Legion, with his companions in victorious death, was the subject for veneration, in our early Irish church.
Cluentp. -fiftf) Bap ot 9[pril.
ARTICLE I. —ST. MAGUIL, OR MACHALDUS, PATRON AND BISHOP, IN THE ISLE OF MAN.
[FIFTH CMNTURY. -[
equidistant from England, Ireland and Scotland, about thirty
NEARLY
miles in and twelve in
where lies the Isle broadest,
breadth,
of Man,' where a form of the Gaelic language is still in use. = The isolated
kingdom of the Manx, small though it may be, has an interesting religious, social and national history. 3 To our own great Apostle, St. Patrick, some
with Nebuchadnezzar moreover. " " Thus recorded : S. Georgii Megalo- 3 This history is related, in the Book of Martyris Dedicatio Ecclesia: Cyparissi. See,
—
tion of it is given, on Collin's "Large Map
of the Isle of Man," published during the last century, in royal folio size. It contains a view of Peel Castle. A still earlier Map of "the Isle, in royal folio size, bears the imprint of 1595, and of l6ioj this is known as T. Durham's " Isle of Man, ex- actly described, and into several Parished divided, with every Towne, Village, Baye and River thereincontayned. " There is an in- teresting description of this Island, on the back, with a Chronicle of the Kings of Man.
''See "The Popular Encyclopedia; or Conversations Lexicon," vol. iv. , p. 655.
^ gee an interesting work on this subject,
"
Antiquities of the Isle of Man, Manners and Customs of the inhabi- tants, Tales of the Friaries, Abbeysand other
Religious Establishments," in two 8vo vo- lumes.
* See in vol. iii. of this work, the " Life of
length,
Daniel, chap. iii.
* See ibui. 260.
s And at p. 359, in the published version, ARTICLE contained in "The Book of Leinster,"
I.
'Avery excellentrepresenta-
edited by Robert Atkinson, M. A. , LL. D. , &c.
' Such as the Hieronymian, Raban, Ussurd, and Notker. See the BoUandists' "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Aprilis
xxiv. Among the pretermitted feasts, p. 261.
' However, the Roman Martyrology, Ado's and some other Martyrologies, have this festival, at the i6th of December. See ibid.
^ According to the Commentator on St. /Engus, in the " Leabhar Breac " version of the Feilire.
9 In the Franciscan copy of the Tallagh
Martyrology we read at this date : pAfj-io 5eop5ii cum xxx'oxjccbxxix.
"• See "Acta Sanctorum,," tomus iii. , Aprilis xxiv. De Sanctis Martyribus The- bais, Mauritio, Georgio et Tiberio, Pinarolii in Pedemontio, p. 266.
R. Townley's
among the pretermitted saints, ibid. , p.
April 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 479
writers have ascribed the first Christian fruits there gathered,* among the aboriginal inhabitants-^ We are further informed, that being regarded as first
founder of and
missionary
* of the Manx Church,? St. Patrick left Germanus,*
in 447, to rule as bishop over the people he converted, in the Isle of Man. 9
He is to have been one of St. Patrick's own '° He settled the
said, disciples.
matter of religion so firmly in this Island, that it was said, the people never after-
wards relapsed into paganism. He is stated to have died, during the lifetime of
St. Patrick. " ThecathedralchurchofManwasdedicate—d,however,toaSt.
Germanus. It is said, St. Patrick afterwards consecrated it some think Conin-
drus and others Romulus ;" while Jocelyn make them contemporaries, and
living together on the Isle of Man, having been placed there, by the Irish
Apostle,afterthedeathofGermanus. Theiraccessiontotheepiscopatehas
been assigned, to a. d. 474. '' However, this chronology has been contested ;'
for, many writers believe St. Patrick to have died, before the period named. '*
The early Lives of the Irish Apostle, although they mention Conindrus and
Romulus, are quite silent on this subject of St. Patrick having preached there.
They give us no hint, about the propagation of Christianity in Man, except on the occasion of Maccaldus' voyage thither. The Manx very generally give
the name of Maughold to him, whom they regard as a special Patron. He is also called Machella and Manchold. '*
The chief accounts remaining, to illustrate the Acts of St. Machaldus, are to be found in some of St. Patrick's Lives, and especially in those of the Tri- partite ' and of Jocelyn. '* By Probus,"' he is called Macfail, and Maguil
St. Patrick," at the 17th of March, the date for his festival, chap, vi. , xxii.
5 on his from Jocelyn pretends, returning
Germanus to have been St. Patrick's disci- ple, as also a Bishop in the Isle of Man. See " Britannicarum Ecclesiarum "
an excursion to Great Britain, that St. Patrick pp. 643 to 842.
undertook the conversion of those " See Rev. inhabiting J.
various small islands, particularly Eubonia or Mannia.
'
The Tripartite Life throws out a hint, that the mission of St. Patrick had some in- 6uence on the Gospel prc^ess within that island. Thb exhibits Man as having be- come famous, after the arrival of St. Patrick, by serving as a retreat for monks.
' In Richard Gough's Camden's " Britan- nia," vol. iii. , it is said, St. Patrick converted the Isle of Man to the Christian faith, about 440, when the bishopric was first erected. See p. 701.
Cumming's Man," Appendix P, p. 342.
•
His (east is referred to the yd of July,
by Colgan, in " Trias Thaumaturga," Sexia Vita S. Particii, n. 103, p. 113.
' Germanus is not spoken of, however, in
any of St. Patrick's Lives, except in that Life
by Jocelin. Neither is he mentioned in the
Chronicle of Man. He is thought to have
been a fictitious personage, introduced in con-
sequence of the cathedral of Man being dedi-
cated to a . St. German, who was no other
than the great St. German of Auxerre. He,
too, was highly revered by the ancient Irish.
'See Keith's " of Catalogue
Ussher had seen into the mistake of
sending
Scottish
one Germanus from Rome with St. Patrick.
See Wood's " Account of the Isle of Man,"
chap, vil
Bishops," p. 298, Russell's edition.
'' See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Septima Vita S. Patricii, lib. iii. , cap. Ix. , Ixi. , pp. l6o, 161, and n. 87 to 91, p.
185.
" See SexUVitaS. Patricii, cap. cli. , dii.
""
beenaCanonoftheLateranChurch. Ussher, depending on Jocclyn's statement, admits
Some have incorrectly stated, thathe had
" Isle of
" The Tripartite Life of St. Patrick states, that the bishops Conderius and Romailus were persons, who disseminated and propa- ^ted the faith and doctrine of Christ, in that island.
3 See Ussher's "Index Chronologicus," at A. D. , CCCCLXXIV.
'* According to the Tripartite Life, those two bishops were in Man, before the founda- tion of the See of Armagh. Wherefore, if they lived there, it must have been prior to A. D. 455, as Rev. Dr. Lanigan computes the period.
'5 The Rev. Dr. Lanigan concludes, that there is no sufficient foundation for the state-
ment of St. Patrick having preached in Man ; that its first bishop was not the pretended Germanus ; and that, although it may not be improbable, that Conindrus and Romulus had received their appointment from St. Patrick, we have no decisive testimony on that subject. See " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, vi. , n. 118, pp. 305 to 307.
G.
Antiquitates,
48o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 25.
is another appellation given to him. The Third Life of St. Patrick has a brief account regarding him, under the latter name. ^° In the Fourth Life, he is called Ciclops,andafterwardsDemana. "' ThefestivalofSt. Magil,Maccaldus,or Maccalleus, has been assigned to the 25th of April, by Colgan,'^^ who strangely- enough confounds Maccaleus with Maccaldus, in one passage,'3 while else- where he makes a distinction between them. ^* It was Colgan's intention to have published a Life of St. Machaldus, at the JSth of April. ^s The Bollan- dists have the accounts of St. Machald, chiefly drawn from the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, and from Jocelyn, when recording his Acts, at this date. '* It is generally assumed, that the present saint may not be confounded with St. Machaille, who gave the veil to St. Brigid. The names are similar, how- ever, and the festivals appear to refer, as supposed, to this same day. The
Rev.
Alban Butler registers St. Macull, or Maughold, confessor, at the 25th of April, =' and whose name is Latinized, as he supposes, Macallius. At the 25th of April, there is an account of St. Machalus, who had then a festival. ^' We may consider him, as not distinct from St. Machaldus. In his Life of St. Patrick,
Jocelyn has an interesting but a very legendary account of St. Machaldus -p and, this seems to have been drawn, in a great measure, from an earlier nar- rative, to be found in the Irish Tripartite Life of our great Apostle. From this we mny glean, that Machaldus belonged to the northern parts of Ireland ;3° and, the particular district was Mag-inis, in Lecale. s' We are obliged to fol- low the legendary narrative of his acts, without any possibility of correcting what may be supposed the fiibulous portion. In one of St. Patrick's Lives, he is called Ciclops ;3' and, it is said, that he lurked in a rough and mountainous part of the country, as also, that he was a wicked and cruel tyrant, who killed men and took spoils from them. 33 It is—stated, likewise, that hi—mself and
34
his impious companions had a Diberch some diabolic sign on their
heads. 35
While travelling into IJlydia, we aretold St. Patrickfound one Magiul, a hea-
then, also called Machaldus. He was eminent in wickedness, and notorious for
hiscruelt}'. Aslikealwaysaccordswithlike,hegatheredtohimnosmallcom-
pany, well practised in theft, in rapine, and in blood. It happened, on a time, that the blessed Patrick was journeying with his people through that place,
pp. 98, 99, and nn. 156 to 159, pp. 115, 116.
'' See Quinta Vita S. Patricii, lib. ii. , cap. ix. , X. , xi. , pp. 52, 53, and nn. 6, 7, 8, p. 63.
'" See Tertia Vita S. Patricii, cap. Ixxiii. , p. 27, and nn. 71, 72, p. 34.
" See Quarta Vita S. Patricii, cap. Ixxxi. , Ixxxii. , pp. 45, 46, and nn. 60 to 65, p. 50.
"See "Trias Thaumaturga," pp. 265, 266.
"3 See "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," xiii.
are distinct, in the Irisli language. Seethe Life of St. Brigid, at the 1st of February, chap. iii. , andnotes82,83.
°5 See " Trias Th. iumaturga," Tertia Vita
S. Patricii,n. 77. p. 34.
"' See "Acta Sanctorum," toraus iii. ,
xxv. Aprilis. De Sanctis Episcopis Hibernis Macalleo in Cruacliadia, et Machaldo in In- sula Mona, pp. 366 to 368.
=? See " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. iv. , Aprilis xxv.
°* "
See Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of
Scottish Saints," p. 380.
"See " Trias Th. iumaturga," Sexta Vita
S. Patricii, cap. cli. , clii. , pp. 98, 99. — 3° He lived " in regionibus Vliorum. "
Quarta Vita S. Patricii, cap. Ixxxi. , p. 45.
De S. Connano, n.
^2 He was called so,
from a
=• As elsewhere mentioned, both names posed resemblance to Polyphemus, cele-
Januarii.
7, p.
60.
probably
sup-
"
^i See ibid. Sepiima Vita S. Patricii, lib.
iii. , cap. Ix. , p. 160. In this region lay Down and Saul. See n. 87, p. 187.
brated for his cruelties and robberies. ^^SeeiiiJ. Quarta Vita S. Patricii, n. 60,
p. 50.
^4 'j'his may have been a badge of con-
federacy,orit mayhavebeenintendedto frighten travellers.
^^ See iiid. Tertia Vita S. Patricii, cap. Ixxiii. , p. 27.
See Colgan's
Trias Thaumaturga. "
April 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 481
where lurked this band of evil-doers, waiting for any traveller, on whom they
might rush forth, either to destroy or to despoil him. Beholding the saint, they thought at first to slay him, as the seducer of their souls, and the de-
stroyer of their gods ; but, suddenly, their purpose being changed by the Divine will, they thought it a shame to shed the blood of a peaceful, weak,
andanunarmedoldman. Counsellingoneanothertoprove,orratherto
mock, the power of Christ, and the holiness of Patrick, they placed one of
their companions, named Garban, on a couch, and though he was in perfect
health, they feigned him to be dead, thinking thus to impose on the Irish Apos-
tle. 3' They covered their accomplice with a cloak, and offering prayers, in-
tended to deceive, they besought the man of God, that he would provide the
funeralrites,or,ashewaswont,restoretolifethedeadman. But,through
revelation of the Holy Spirit, he understood what they had done, and pro-
nounced, that these scorners ha^ deceivingly, yet not falsely, declared their
companion to be truly dead. Therefore, disregarding their entreaties, he
prayedtoGodforthesoulsofthederiders,andthenwentonhisway. The
saint had not journeyed far, when they uncovered the cloak, from their com-
panion;andlo! theyfoundhimnotapretendedcorpse,butreallydead. Affrighted at this fearful event, and dreading lest the same fateshould happen
tothemselves,theyfollowedPatrick,andfellathisfeet. Acknowledgingtheir offence,throughtheircontrition,theyobtainedpardon. Then,theyallbelieved in the Lord; and, in his name, were they baptized. Afterwards did the saint, at their humble entreaty, revive the dead man, and regenerating him in the holy font of baptism, Patrick associated him to the faith in Christ. 37 Machal- dOs, their chief, falling at St. Patrick's feet, confessed his sins, and entreated with many tears, that a life of penitence should be imposed upon him, whereby he might attain the life of eternity. The saint inspired by heaven enjoined, that the penitent should renounce his native soil, and give all his substance to the poor. Afterwards, he clothed Machaldus, it is stated, in a vile and rough garment, and chained him down with chains of iron, casting the key, which secured them, into the ocean. Likewise, St. Patrick commanded him to enter alone, and without oars, into a boat made only of hides. 3' The Irish Apostle further enjoined, that on whatsoever country NIachaldus should land, under the guidance of the Lord, there should he eerve the Church of Christ, even to the end of his days. Truly repenting, Machaldus did as his great pastor had enjoined ; for, bound with iron chains, and bearing on his head the tonsure, as token of penitence, he entered alone into that boat, Unedr the protection of God, committing himself to His mercy and to the waves,
Machaldus was borne by them onwards to the Island Eubonia. 3» It was called Mannia, or Man, even so early as the twelfth century ;•'' while another form of the name is Manain. *' A northern wind caused the bark to be wafted southwards to the Island luuonia, as another account states. *' The ancient arn)orial bearings of the See of Man and Sodor were represented by azure, St. Columba<3 at sea in a rock-boat, all proper in chief, and overhead a
** See his Life, chap, xxi. , in the previous vatum, poslea, ah adventii sancti Patricii, volume. Chrisli niystarum et Monachorum secessu ; ". See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," et sede nobilem, claramque insulam," &c.
Septima Vita S. Patricii, lib. iii. , cap. Ix. , pp. 160, 161.
'•The Fourth Life calls it " culleum," or what the Irish were accustomed to call a
currach, being formed of twigs woven thir, and covered with leather or skins.
See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. " Sep- timaVitaS. Patricii, lib. iii. , cap. Ixi. , p. 161. '"SeeiiiJ. Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap.
» of Machaldus, the
Speaking Tripartite
Quarta
Vita S. Patricii,
cap.
:
Life states " Venit autcm in Manniam
Ixxxi. ,
'^ See his Life, at the 9th of June.
sive Euboniam, ohm Druydum et gentilium
toge-
clii. , p. 98.
*' . See ibid.
lxxiii. ,p. 27. *' See ibid.
Tertia Vita S. Patricii, cap.
p. 45.
HI
48i LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 25.
blazingstarinor. « Itseemsprobable,however,thefigurewasnotintended for St. CoKnnba, but for St. Maughold, as it bears so closely a resemblance to the legend concerning his arrival on the Island. Moreover, the latter was the senior saint, and he was held, by the Manx, in especial repute. '*'
At that time, in Eubonia lived the two bishops, named Conindrius and Romulus,^^ whom St. Patrick himself had consecrated and appointed to rule over the people of that island, and to instruct them in the faith of Christ, afterthedeathofGermanus,thefirstbishop. Thesesaintlyprelates,behold- ing Machaldus, marvelled much, pitied his misery, but when they understood hiscase,tiieyreceivedhimkindly,andretainedhimwiththemselves. Inthe Fourth of St. Patrick's Lives, Machaldus is called Uemana. 't? During the epis- copacy of Romulus, St. Maughold was cast ashore in his little corrach or leather- covered boat, and at that head of land, which now bears his name. '*' Here was Kirk Maughold founded, in after times, and it was dedicated to our saint. *'
Kirk Maughold, Isle of Man.
The latter is built on a lofty promontory, and in the middle of a most extensive cemetery, 5° while near it are many Runic inscriptions, cut upon long flat stones. '"
" See Keith's " Catalogue of Scottish
Bishops.
' Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 108, 109.
passion of George, a sun of victory, with thirty great thousands. "
*
Such is the account, as furnished by the Glossograplier to the " Leabhar Breac' ver- sion, and he adds :—Aguj- xxx. vn. aguf
occxxix. incriAbcu-ooti ono. This is trans-
lated, by Dr. Whitley Stokes :
" Breac—" copy, the following stanza is met
with
:
In the
Leabhar
"
and 30, 729
478 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 25.
rescued them, so that the fire hurt them not. '* These are also entered, in the
FranciscancopyoftheMartyrologyofTallagh,5atthe24thofApril; asalso, in several ancient Kalendars and Manuscript Martyrologies,* at this same date. 7 In reference to St. George's thirty great thousands, these are stated' to have been the number of those martyrs he brought toChrist. 9 The BoUandists have notices, at this date, of George, of Maurice, and of Tiberius, belonging to the Theban Legion, who shed their blood, rather than deny their faith, in time of the Emperor Maximian, and at Pinerolium, in Piedmont, Italy. '" In a Greek Manuscript Synaxarium, and in other ancient authorities, at this samedateisafeastofSt. George,aMartyr. " Itseemsprobable,thatSt. George of the Theban Legion, with his companions in victorious death, was the subject for veneration, in our early Irish church.
Cluentp. -fiftf) Bap ot 9[pril.
ARTICLE I. —ST. MAGUIL, OR MACHALDUS, PATRON AND BISHOP, IN THE ISLE OF MAN.
[FIFTH CMNTURY. -[
equidistant from England, Ireland and Scotland, about thirty
NEARLY
miles in and twelve in
where lies the Isle broadest,
breadth,
of Man,' where a form of the Gaelic language is still in use. = The isolated
kingdom of the Manx, small though it may be, has an interesting religious, social and national history. 3 To our own great Apostle, St. Patrick, some
with Nebuchadnezzar moreover. " " Thus recorded : S. Georgii Megalo- 3 This history is related, in the Book of Martyris Dedicatio Ecclesia: Cyparissi. See,
—
tion of it is given, on Collin's "Large Map
of the Isle of Man," published during the last century, in royal folio size. It contains a view of Peel Castle. A still earlier Map of "the Isle, in royal folio size, bears the imprint of 1595, and of l6ioj this is known as T. Durham's " Isle of Man, ex- actly described, and into several Parished divided, with every Towne, Village, Baye and River thereincontayned. " There is an in- teresting description of this Island, on the back, with a Chronicle of the Kings of Man.
''See "The Popular Encyclopedia; or Conversations Lexicon," vol. iv. , p. 655.
^ gee an interesting work on this subject,
"
Antiquities of the Isle of Man, Manners and Customs of the inhabi- tants, Tales of the Friaries, Abbeysand other
Religious Establishments," in two 8vo vo- lumes.
* See in vol. iii. of this work, the " Life of
length,
Daniel, chap. iii.
* See ibui. 260.
s And at p. 359, in the published version, ARTICLE contained in "The Book of Leinster,"
I.
'Avery excellentrepresenta-
edited by Robert Atkinson, M. A. , LL. D. , &c.
' Such as the Hieronymian, Raban, Ussurd, and Notker. See the BoUandists' "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Aprilis
xxiv. Among the pretermitted feasts, p. 261.
' However, the Roman Martyrology, Ado's and some other Martyrologies, have this festival, at the i6th of December. See ibid.
^ According to the Commentator on St. /Engus, in the " Leabhar Breac " version of the Feilire.
9 In the Franciscan copy of the Tallagh
Martyrology we read at this date : pAfj-io 5eop5ii cum xxx'oxjccbxxix.
"• See "Acta Sanctorum,," tomus iii. , Aprilis xxiv. De Sanctis Martyribus The- bais, Mauritio, Georgio et Tiberio, Pinarolii in Pedemontio, p. 266.
R. Townley's
among the pretermitted saints, ibid. , p.
April 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 479
writers have ascribed the first Christian fruits there gathered,* among the aboriginal inhabitants-^ We are further informed, that being regarded as first
founder of and
missionary
* of the Manx Church,? St. Patrick left Germanus,*
in 447, to rule as bishop over the people he converted, in the Isle of Man. 9
He is to have been one of St. Patrick's own '° He settled the
said, disciples.
matter of religion so firmly in this Island, that it was said, the people never after-
wards relapsed into paganism. He is stated to have died, during the lifetime of
St. Patrick. " ThecathedralchurchofManwasdedicate—d,however,toaSt.
Germanus. It is said, St. Patrick afterwards consecrated it some think Conin-
drus and others Romulus ;" while Jocelyn make them contemporaries, and
living together on the Isle of Man, having been placed there, by the Irish
Apostle,afterthedeathofGermanus. Theiraccessiontotheepiscopatehas
been assigned, to a. d. 474. '' However, this chronology has been contested ;'
for, many writers believe St. Patrick to have died, before the period named. '*
The early Lives of the Irish Apostle, although they mention Conindrus and
Romulus, are quite silent on this subject of St. Patrick having preached there.
They give us no hint, about the propagation of Christianity in Man, except on the occasion of Maccaldus' voyage thither. The Manx very generally give
the name of Maughold to him, whom they regard as a special Patron. He is also called Machella and Manchold. '*
The chief accounts remaining, to illustrate the Acts of St. Machaldus, are to be found in some of St. Patrick's Lives, and especially in those of the Tri- partite ' and of Jocelyn. '* By Probus,"' he is called Macfail, and Maguil
St. Patrick," at the 17th of March, the date for his festival, chap, vi. , xxii.
5 on his from Jocelyn pretends, returning
Germanus to have been St. Patrick's disci- ple, as also a Bishop in the Isle of Man. See " Britannicarum Ecclesiarum "
an excursion to Great Britain, that St. Patrick pp. 643 to 842.
undertook the conversion of those " See Rev. inhabiting J.
various small islands, particularly Eubonia or Mannia.
'
The Tripartite Life throws out a hint, that the mission of St. Patrick had some in- 6uence on the Gospel prc^ess within that island. Thb exhibits Man as having be- come famous, after the arrival of St. Patrick, by serving as a retreat for monks.
' In Richard Gough's Camden's " Britan- nia," vol. iii. , it is said, St. Patrick converted the Isle of Man to the Christian faith, about 440, when the bishopric was first erected. See p. 701.
Cumming's Man," Appendix P, p. 342.
•
His (east is referred to the yd of July,
by Colgan, in " Trias Thaumaturga," Sexia Vita S. Particii, n. 103, p. 113.
' Germanus is not spoken of, however, in
any of St. Patrick's Lives, except in that Life
by Jocelin. Neither is he mentioned in the
Chronicle of Man. He is thought to have
been a fictitious personage, introduced in con-
sequence of the cathedral of Man being dedi-
cated to a . St. German, who was no other
than the great St. German of Auxerre. He,
too, was highly revered by the ancient Irish.
'See Keith's " of Catalogue
Ussher had seen into the mistake of
sending
Scottish
one Germanus from Rome with St. Patrick.
See Wood's " Account of the Isle of Man,"
chap, vil
Bishops," p. 298, Russell's edition.
'' See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Septima Vita S. Patricii, lib. iii. , cap. Ix. , Ixi. , pp. l6o, 161, and n. 87 to 91, p.
185.
" See SexUVitaS. Patricii, cap. cli. , dii.
""
beenaCanonoftheLateranChurch. Ussher, depending on Jocclyn's statement, admits
Some have incorrectly stated, thathe had
" Isle of
" The Tripartite Life of St. Patrick states, that the bishops Conderius and Romailus were persons, who disseminated and propa- ^ted the faith and doctrine of Christ, in that island.
3 See Ussher's "Index Chronologicus," at A. D. , CCCCLXXIV.
'* According to the Tripartite Life, those two bishops were in Man, before the founda- tion of the See of Armagh. Wherefore, if they lived there, it must have been prior to A. D. 455, as Rev. Dr. Lanigan computes the period.
'5 The Rev. Dr. Lanigan concludes, that there is no sufficient foundation for the state-
ment of St. Patrick having preached in Man ; that its first bishop was not the pretended Germanus ; and that, although it may not be improbable, that Conindrus and Romulus had received their appointment from St. Patrick, we have no decisive testimony on that subject. See " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, vi. , n. 118, pp. 305 to 307.
G.
Antiquitates,
48o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 25.
is another appellation given to him. The Third Life of St. Patrick has a brief account regarding him, under the latter name. ^° In the Fourth Life, he is called Ciclops,andafterwardsDemana. "' ThefestivalofSt. Magil,Maccaldus,or Maccalleus, has been assigned to the 25th of April, by Colgan,'^^ who strangely- enough confounds Maccaleus with Maccaldus, in one passage,'3 while else- where he makes a distinction between them. ^* It was Colgan's intention to have published a Life of St. Machaldus, at the JSth of April. ^s The Bollan- dists have the accounts of St. Machald, chiefly drawn from the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, and from Jocelyn, when recording his Acts, at this date. '* It is generally assumed, that the present saint may not be confounded with St. Machaille, who gave the veil to St. Brigid. The names are similar, how- ever, and the festivals appear to refer, as supposed, to this same day. The
Rev.
Alban Butler registers St. Macull, or Maughold, confessor, at the 25th of April, =' and whose name is Latinized, as he supposes, Macallius. At the 25th of April, there is an account of St. Machalus, who had then a festival. ^' We may consider him, as not distinct from St. Machaldus. In his Life of St. Patrick,
Jocelyn has an interesting but a very legendary account of St. Machaldus -p and, this seems to have been drawn, in a great measure, from an earlier nar- rative, to be found in the Irish Tripartite Life of our great Apostle. From this we mny glean, that Machaldus belonged to the northern parts of Ireland ;3° and, the particular district was Mag-inis, in Lecale. s' We are obliged to fol- low the legendary narrative of his acts, without any possibility of correcting what may be supposed the fiibulous portion. In one of St. Patrick's Lives, he is called Ciclops ;3' and, it is said, that he lurked in a rough and mountainous part of the country, as also, that he was a wicked and cruel tyrant, who killed men and took spoils from them. 33 It is—stated, likewise, that hi—mself and
34
his impious companions had a Diberch some diabolic sign on their
heads. 35
While travelling into IJlydia, we aretold St. Patrickfound one Magiul, a hea-
then, also called Machaldus. He was eminent in wickedness, and notorious for
hiscruelt}'. Aslikealwaysaccordswithlike,hegatheredtohimnosmallcom-
pany, well practised in theft, in rapine, and in blood. It happened, on a time, that the blessed Patrick was journeying with his people through that place,
pp. 98, 99, and nn. 156 to 159, pp. 115, 116.
'' See Quinta Vita S. Patricii, lib. ii. , cap. ix. , X. , xi. , pp. 52, 53, and nn. 6, 7, 8, p. 63.
'" See Tertia Vita S. Patricii, cap. Ixxiii. , p. 27, and nn. 71, 72, p. 34.
" See Quarta Vita S. Patricii, cap. Ixxxi. , Ixxxii. , pp. 45, 46, and nn. 60 to 65, p. 50.
"See "Trias Thaumaturga," pp. 265, 266.
"3 See "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," xiii.
are distinct, in the Irisli language. Seethe Life of St. Brigid, at the 1st of February, chap. iii. , andnotes82,83.
°5 See " Trias Th. iumaturga," Tertia Vita
S. Patricii,n. 77. p. 34.
"' See "Acta Sanctorum," toraus iii. ,
xxv. Aprilis. De Sanctis Episcopis Hibernis Macalleo in Cruacliadia, et Machaldo in In- sula Mona, pp. 366 to 368.
=? See " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. iv. , Aprilis xxv.
°* "
See Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of
Scottish Saints," p. 380.
"See " Trias Th. iumaturga," Sexta Vita
S. Patricii, cap. cli. , clii. , pp. 98, 99. — 3° He lived " in regionibus Vliorum. "
Quarta Vita S. Patricii, cap. Ixxxi. , p. 45.
De S. Connano, n.
^2 He was called so,
from a
=• As elsewhere mentioned, both names posed resemblance to Polyphemus, cele-
Januarii.
7, p.
60.
probably
sup-
"
^i See ibid. Sepiima Vita S. Patricii, lib.
iii. , cap. Ix. , p. 160. In this region lay Down and Saul. See n. 87, p. 187.
brated for his cruelties and robberies. ^^SeeiiiJ. Quarta Vita S. Patricii, n. 60,
p. 50.
^4 'j'his may have been a badge of con-
federacy,orit mayhavebeenintendedto frighten travellers.
^^ See iiid. Tertia Vita S. Patricii, cap. Ixxiii. , p. 27.
See Colgan's
Trias Thaumaturga. "
April 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 481
where lurked this band of evil-doers, waiting for any traveller, on whom they
might rush forth, either to destroy or to despoil him. Beholding the saint, they thought at first to slay him, as the seducer of their souls, and the de-
stroyer of their gods ; but, suddenly, their purpose being changed by the Divine will, they thought it a shame to shed the blood of a peaceful, weak,
andanunarmedoldman. Counsellingoneanothertoprove,orratherto
mock, the power of Christ, and the holiness of Patrick, they placed one of
their companions, named Garban, on a couch, and though he was in perfect
health, they feigned him to be dead, thinking thus to impose on the Irish Apos-
tle. 3' They covered their accomplice with a cloak, and offering prayers, in-
tended to deceive, they besought the man of God, that he would provide the
funeralrites,or,ashewaswont,restoretolifethedeadman. But,through
revelation of the Holy Spirit, he understood what they had done, and pro-
nounced, that these scorners ha^ deceivingly, yet not falsely, declared their
companion to be truly dead. Therefore, disregarding their entreaties, he
prayedtoGodforthesoulsofthederiders,andthenwentonhisway. The
saint had not journeyed far, when they uncovered the cloak, from their com-
panion;andlo! theyfoundhimnotapretendedcorpse,butreallydead. Affrighted at this fearful event, and dreading lest the same fateshould happen
tothemselves,theyfollowedPatrick,andfellathisfeet. Acknowledgingtheir offence,throughtheircontrition,theyobtainedpardon. Then,theyallbelieved in the Lord; and, in his name, were they baptized. Afterwards did the saint, at their humble entreaty, revive the dead man, and regenerating him in the holy font of baptism, Patrick associated him to the faith in Christ. 37 Machal- dOs, their chief, falling at St. Patrick's feet, confessed his sins, and entreated with many tears, that a life of penitence should be imposed upon him, whereby he might attain the life of eternity. The saint inspired by heaven enjoined, that the penitent should renounce his native soil, and give all his substance to the poor. Afterwards, he clothed Machaldus, it is stated, in a vile and rough garment, and chained him down with chains of iron, casting the key, which secured them, into the ocean. Likewise, St. Patrick commanded him to enter alone, and without oars, into a boat made only of hides. 3' The Irish Apostle further enjoined, that on whatsoever country NIachaldus should land, under the guidance of the Lord, there should he eerve the Church of Christ, even to the end of his days. Truly repenting, Machaldus did as his great pastor had enjoined ; for, bound with iron chains, and bearing on his head the tonsure, as token of penitence, he entered alone into that boat, Unedr the protection of God, committing himself to His mercy and to the waves,
Machaldus was borne by them onwards to the Island Eubonia. 3» It was called Mannia, or Man, even so early as the twelfth century ;•'' while another form of the name is Manain. *' A northern wind caused the bark to be wafted southwards to the Island luuonia, as another account states. *' The ancient arn)orial bearings of the See of Man and Sodor were represented by azure, St. Columba<3 at sea in a rock-boat, all proper in chief, and overhead a
** See his Life, chap, xxi. , in the previous vatum, poslea, ah adventii sancti Patricii, volume. Chrisli niystarum et Monachorum secessu ; ". See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," et sede nobilem, claramque insulam," &c.
Septima Vita S. Patricii, lib. iii. , cap. Ix. , pp. 160, 161.
'•The Fourth Life calls it " culleum," or what the Irish were accustomed to call a
currach, being formed of twigs woven thir, and covered with leather or skins.
See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. " Sep- timaVitaS. Patricii, lib. iii. , cap. Ixi. , p. 161. '"SeeiiiJ. Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap.
» of Machaldus, the
Speaking Tripartite
Quarta
Vita S. Patricii,
cap.
:
Life states " Venit autcm in Manniam
Ixxxi. ,
'^ See his Life, at the 9th of June.
sive Euboniam, ohm Druydum et gentilium
toge-
clii. , p. 98.
*' . See ibid.
lxxiii. ,p. 27. *' See ibid.
Tertia Vita S. Patricii, cap.
p. 45.
HI
48i LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 25.
blazingstarinor. « Itseemsprobable,however,thefigurewasnotintended for St. CoKnnba, but for St. Maughold, as it bears so closely a resemblance to the legend concerning his arrival on the Island. Moreover, the latter was the senior saint, and he was held, by the Manx, in especial repute. '*'
At that time, in Eubonia lived the two bishops, named Conindrius and Romulus,^^ whom St. Patrick himself had consecrated and appointed to rule over the people of that island, and to instruct them in the faith of Christ, afterthedeathofGermanus,thefirstbishop. Thesesaintlyprelates,behold- ing Machaldus, marvelled much, pitied his misery, but when they understood hiscase,tiieyreceivedhimkindly,andretainedhimwiththemselves. Inthe Fourth of St. Patrick's Lives, Machaldus is called Uemana. 't? During the epis- copacy of Romulus, St. Maughold was cast ashore in his little corrach or leather- covered boat, and at that head of land, which now bears his name. '*' Here was Kirk Maughold founded, in after times, and it was dedicated to our saint. *'
Kirk Maughold, Isle of Man.
The latter is built on a lofty promontory, and in the middle of a most extensive cemetery, 5° while near it are many Runic inscriptions, cut upon long flat stones. '"
" See Keith's " Catalogue of Scottish
Bishops.
