No More Learning

0 mdhon german fuses used by the allIes to kill Germans BrItIsh gunsights from lena
SchneIder Creusot armed Turkey
Copper from England thru Sweden Mr Hatfield
Patented hIS new shell In eIght countrIes
ad InterIm 1933
206
? THE FIFTH DECAD OF CANTOS XLII-LI
? XLII
E ought, I thInk, to say In CIVIl terms You be damned'
(Palmerston, to Russell rei Chas H Adams)
t And how thIS people CAN In thls the fifth
et cetera year of the war, leave that old etcetera up there on that monument' ' H G to E P 1918
Lex salIca' lex GermanIca, Antonmus saId law rules at sea
FIXED In the soul, nell' anIma, of the IllustrIOus College They had been ten years propOSIng such a Monte,
That IS a speCIes of bank-damn good bank, In SIena
A mount, a bank, a fund a bottom an
lnstItutIon of credIt
a place to send cheques In and out of
and yet not yet a banco dl gIro, and the Bauey
sought VIews from the Senate C WIth paternal affectIon JustIce convenIence of CIty what college had wIth such foresIght wherefore S A (Y our HIghness) as In register N o v 162. 4
follOWIng detaIls as thIrd, a Yearly balance
as 5th that any CItIzen shall have rIght to depOSIt
and to frUIts therefrom resultant at five percent annual Interest and that borrowers pay a bIt over that
for serVIces (del mInlstrl) that IS for runnIng expenses
and book keepIng whIch shall be counted a half seudo
per hundred per year
(All of thIS IS Important)
and 6thly that the MagIstrate gIve hIS chIef care that the speCIe
2? 9
? +-
be lent to whomso can best use It USE IT
(zd est, PIU utzl1nente)
to the good of theIr houses, to benefit of their busIness
as of weaVIng, the wool trade, the sIlk trade
And that (7thly) the overabundance every five years shall the
BaIley
dIstrIbute to workers of the contrade (the wards) holdIng In
reserve a prudent proportIon as agaInst unforeseen losses
though there shd be NO such losses
and 9th that the borrowers can pay up before the end of theIr term whenso It be to theIr Intelest No debt to run more than five years
July 1623
Loco SIgnl
[a cross In the margm]
That plofit on depOSIts should be used to cover all losses
al1d the dIstrIbutIons on the fifth year be made from remaln1ng profits, after restoratIon of losses no (bel1,che) matter how
small
WIth sane small reserve agaInst future Idem
I, LIVIO PasqUInI, notary, CItIzen of SIena, most f'llthfully copIed July 18th 1623
Consules, JudIces, and notary publIC pro serenlSSlmo
attest LIVID'S superscrIpt next date beIng November wave falls and the hand falls
Thou shalt not always walk In the sun or see weed sprout over cornice
Thy work In set space of years, not over an hundred
That the Mount of PIty (or Hock Shop)
muniCipal of SlC1l. a has lent only on pledges
that IS on stuff actu11ly hocked wd be we belIeve useful and beneficent that there be place to lend liCitly MONEY to receIve lICItly mone}
at moderate and legItImate Interest
2. 10
? was sent months ago to YYour HHlghness AA VV a memorIal to erect aNew MountaIn
could accept speCIe from UnlverSItIes (Id est congiegatlons)
and IndIvIduals and from Luoghl
I e companIes and persons botll publIc and prIvate \VHOMSO:CVER
not lequIrIng that they have specIal prIVIlege because of theIr state or condItIons but to folk of ANY CONDITION
that the same Mount cd/lend on good Mallevadorla (that IS securIty) at the same rate plus a L. ttle over
to cover current expenses of superVIsors and employees & beIng sent to YY HHlghnesses (AA VV = YY HH) that you might understand It
that It be brought to cons1deratlon wIth certaIn detaIls discussed first orally and then put Into wrItIng
(111 what wd seem to have been r622. )
StatIng that SIena had no Income and TheIr HIghnesses had prOVIded credIt from customs
and from mIscellaneous taxes
and that the Grand Duke hadn't lost anythIng by It
Plus a lIst of Slenese assets (coolIsh)
Plus a lIen on t The Abundance'
And knOWIng that all thIs IS but a lIttle
Pledge the persons and goods of the laity
And leave open door to other towns In the state
who care to gIve sImIlar pledges
And that whoso puts In money shall have lots In the Monte
that yIeld 5%Interest
and that these shareholders shall receIve theIr due frUIt And that the Gd Duke make known at SIena
to the same deputIes of the BaIley
but that It be separate from the Pawn Shop
and have Its own magIstrates and employees
and that YYour HHIghnesses send approbatIon
211
? commandIng theIr wIll, we humbly wIth reverence the 29th day of Xember 1622
servants of YYour HHlghnesses
NIcolo de AntIlle HoratIo Glonfigholl Sebastlano Cellesl
TThelr HHlghnesses gratlfied
the CIty of thIS demand to
erect aNew Monte
for good public and private and to facllItate
agreed to accommodate
and to lend the fund agaInst the Gd Duke's
publIc entrIes to the sum of
. 200,000 scudl
capItal for frUit at 5%annual whIch IS 10,000 a year
assIgned on the office of graZIng
on cautIon of said securIty offered leaVIng ground for other towns that WIsh to partICIpate
WIth TTheir HHIghnesses
approbatIons as follows
Marla Maddalena Tutrlce
O
Hor della Rena 30 Xembre 1622.
the l11ustrIOtls BaIley executed In toto & as per true rescrIpt of
TThelr HHIghnesses
2. Jan 16. 12.
CenZlO Grcol1Ill which date goes In the Slenese calendar
Needs a stamp refer to
the Governor Fabblzio bollo
veda Governatore
2. 12
? whereof December was the x th month and March was the New Year
ACTUM SENIS, the ParIsh of San Joann! } In the Gd Ducal Palace
present the MarqUIS Joanne Chrlstophoro tIle
Il1ustliOUS MarqUIS Antony Mary of MalaspIna
and the most renowned Johnny somethIng or other de Blnls FlorentIne Senator, wItness and I notary undersIgned
Ego LIVIUS Pasqulnus of Marlus
(deceased) filIUS ApostolIC ImperIal and PontIfical notary publIc Judge OrdInary, CItIzen of SIena
WHEREFORE
let all sundry and whoever be
satIsfied that the saId MOUNT may be created
so that the echo turned back In my mInd PaVIa Saw CItIes move In one figure, VIcenza, as depicted San Zeno by AdIge
I NIcolaus UIIVIS
de Cagnascis CItIzen of PistoJa FlorentIne notary publIc
Counterslgnlng
Senatus Populusque SenensIs OB PECUNIAE SCARCITATEM
borrOWIng, rIggIng exchanges, lICIt consumptIon Impeded
and It IS gettIng steadIly WORSE others WIth speCIe abundant do not use It In busmess
(to be young IS to suffer
Be old, and be past that)
do not use It In bUSIness and everyone remaIns here WIthout work
few come to buy 10 the market
fewer still work the fields Monte non vacabI1Is publICO
shares not to expire WIth death wIll TTheir HHlghnesses agaInst publIC entrIes
. 213
? get that straight-eapital two hundred thousand whIch wd correspond to 10,000 Income
on the entrIes of the office of grazIng
With precautIons (cauteles)
to guarantee theIr same HIghnesses agaInst any possIble loss WhIch Idea dates at least to July 1623
dIe decima ottava
and other COpIes 162. 4, 1622-
whIch seems to have been approved ( l,st October' by Della Rena and M Magdalene the She Guard'an, tutnce, more or less regent
Don Ferdlnandus Secundus
and hIS Serenest she tutrIces WIth publIc documentatIon for ptlbllC and prIvate utllIty foreseeIng erection
legItimate and Just, such a MOUNTAIN
,? ? 1.
Chlgl, Sofficl, Marcellus de' 111urI,
no, Marcellus AustInl, Caloanes Marescottl and Lord Mt Alban effected
that the officers of thIS MountaIn
and In tIme to come all theIr successors
shares that shall be called Loca Montls-
Have you a place on the HIll, SIr'
out of sure knowledge and
ex certe SClentIa et In plenItude of theIr powers mVlolable for observance, so to be con1prehended
10 thousand scudl
de hbris septeno
? one scudo worth 7 lire
In respect to 200,000 (two hundred thousand)
Du"'{ J\'1agnus
. 214
? XLIII
o the serenlSSImo nno (pronounced DomIno) T'1nd hIs most serene aftercomers
thIngs, persons et omnIa a11a Juva whatever
and the cash In the Pawn Shop
(Mount of PIty)
elusdem CIvItatIs Senen
there beIng In the thIrd place
. 2 thousand 310 there to the credIt of
The MagnIficent MagIstrates and Lords Officers
and 3756 In the same Mount
descrIbed as to credIt of citIzens
'lnd In common called money of Genova
and Most Serene M DtlX
and serenest (femInIne) tutrIces
by the saId Masters DeputIes of the BaIley
as to the best mode and oblIgations and cautlO. t1S most ample dee-liberatIon
prayer, supplIcation as herewIth and herefollowIng
VIdelIcet 11hgatl In the Narne of OmnIpotent God
and the GlorIous VIrgIn our Advocate
to the Gd Duke's honour and exaltatIon
the Most Serene, Tuscanlss1mo Nostro SIgnore
In the Lord's year 1622 Saturday fourth day of Ivlarch
at"> VIth (hour"> after sunrIse or whatever)
called together assembled In general
counell of the People of the CIty of SIena magnrficent SymbolIc good of the Commune
and fatherland ddettlsslmo
? having chief place and desIre that the
citIzens get satisfactIon (siano soddlsfattI) contentmcl1t
and be fully persuaded of
what for the common good IS here being dealt wIth
as we have already been for ten years prOjectIng thiS MONTE for gt future benefit to the city
Worthy wIll to the chosen end Ob pecunlae scarsltatem
S P SENENsis ac pro eo amplIsslm Baha CollegIum CIVlces vlgiiantiae
totIUS CIvItatIS
Urban VllIth of Siena, Ferd I mag duce dO nO fellcItatem domInante et Ferd I
Roman Emperor as elected
12. 5 I of the Protocols marked also
X, I, I, F, and four arabIc
OB PECUNIAE SCARSITATEM
because there was shortage of COIn, In November because of taxes, exchanges, tax laylngs and usurIes legItImate consumptIon Impeded
ten thousand on the office of pasturage
to the end
four fat oxen haVIng theIr arses wIped
and In general beIng tIdIed up to serve god under my WIndow WIth stoles of ImperIal purple
WIth tassels, and grooms before the carrOCClO
on whIch carroch SIX lIon heads
to receIve the wax offerIng
Thus arrIve the gold eagles, the banners of the contrade, and boxes of candles
tMn-Y A WWH'" ' SZld the left front ox, suddenly,
(pnAWH' ' as they tIed on hIS red front band, 2. 16
? St George, two hokey-pokey stands and the unIcorn ~ NlcchIO' NICch-IO-ne'"
The kalhpygous Slenese females get that way from the saltte
that IS from continual pluggmg up hIll One box marked C 200 LIRE'
C laudate puerl '
alIas serve God wIth candles
wIth the pallo and 17 banners
and when SIX men had hOIsted up the bIg candle a bIt askew In the carroch and the fore ox had been finally arse-wlped
they set off toward the Duomo, tIme
consumed 1 hour and 17 mInutes
on the securIty
mobIle and ImmobIle
of IndivIdual CItIzens
In the CIty or wheresoever REE- sponslbIIIty quocunque alIunde
and thIS ohltgatto, oblIgatIon shd/be dIvIded by portIon of ImmobIle goods
thus delIberated In full meetIng
In the name of the OMNIPOTENT, and of the glorIOUS VIrgIn M4 (meanIng Marla) our Advocate
year of salvatIon 162. 2. on a Saturday
as was the 4th day of March
havIng already ten years ago started propOSIng
representatIves of the whole people
and below wrItten notarIes publIc
two hundred thousand
(scudI) Malster AugustIno ChISIO equltes
anointed of the order of Stephen (pope, holy) ducatorum~ no ducentorum
a return of 10,000 scud!
. 2. 17
? In the parIsh of San GlovannJ (Joann15)
To be or not to be tIed up WIth the Pawn Shop and hIS successors In the Great Duchy
guarantee of the Income from graZIng
up to (IllegIble) saId to mean, no
llbrls septem, the Stlm of, sunln1arn, t;cut')rum ten thousand
On securIty nlobl1e and lIl"'lnoblle
sponslblhty
Out of Syracuse not haVIng money aboalJ
to Athens at credItors' rIsk
cut the salls, dumped 011 at an Island
btlt the S 0 man wouldnt swallow It
Up to the quantIty of 200,000 on the whole people's credIt for publIc and prIvate utIlIty
shares to be called Loea Montls whIch IS to say SItes on tIle MountaIn
@ 100 scudl to gIve 5 scud] 1. year as long as the MOUNT endure
there first was the frult of nature there was the whole WIll of the people
serene M Dux and HIS tutrIces
and lords deputIes of the Balley, In name of OmnIpotent God
best mode etcetera, and the GlorIOUS Vlrgln convoked and gathered together 1622
general counctl there were I 17 counCIllors
In the hall of World Map, With bells and WIth VOIce of the Cryer (II Bandltore)
shares of Mount to yIeld five scudl on each hundred per annUln, and to be separate from the PITY
2. 18
REE-
? wIth Its own magIstrates, Its own mInIsters IlluS Balla esegulsca In tutto
RescrIpt of TThelr HHlghnesses
ACTUM SENIS In Parochla S GiovanniS blank leaves at end up to the Index
hoc dIe declm' octavo, from the Incarnation year 162. 3 Celso had a wheat scheme
July to December, July to Novc1'Dber Grass nowhere out of place
PIne cuts the sky Into three Thus BANK of the grassland was raIsed Into Seignory
statl fattl Slgnorla, beIng present ParIs Bolgarlni cledlt of the Commune of SIena
12. of the BaIley present went Into comm. . . ttee I cancellarlus wrote to HIS HIghness
A New Mount that shall receIve from all sorts of persons
from Luoghl publIc and prIvate, prIvIleged and non-prIvIleged a base, a fondo, a deep, a sure and a certaIn
the CIty haVIng t" entrate '
M
150 to- scud1 2. 00
the customs and pubhc Income
to guarantee whIch
wd/suffice 8 to 10 thousand yearly
on the gabelle and/or on the dogana
Tuesday 3 Jan to Wed 6 Eplfany 162. 2.
a New Monte requested to bear @ 5% annual
16. 12. January, assigned on the Paschl
Qffo de Pasch!
March 162. 2 Donna Orsola of wherever removed from the book of the S1enese publIC women (motIon approved by the Batley) March 2. 4 agaIn appeared black money from Florence
Monte de F1I'enze, vacabtle, 15. 91,
219
? payable every two months had been 8 and 1/2 gangstelS admItted
1621 to provIde WORK for the populace regIster, rescrIpt
0-
raZl0 della Rena to be recagnlzed
as IllegItImate father of the bastards of PIetro de MedicI at 100 scud! per annum
If you follow me, not as the
legItImate father of PIetro's IllegItImate offsprIng
Orbem bellis, urbem gabelhs, Urbanus octavus ImplevIt
June 21St FrIday or thereabouts 162. 4
agreed to magIstrate's order that
Mrs Margurlta de Pecora Gallo
be relnoved from the register of the town whores of SIena, on charge of thIevery
Fllday the first day of July
Merchants spoke to the BaIley, actIon on Monte Nuovo delayed
Jan 162. 2. the Duke answered, and already spoke of the grass land
16 July, Monte Nuovo, commIttee to arrange It
New Mount approved by theIr HIghnesses
Xbre Monte Paschale, fatto Slgnorla notIce served to the MagIstrates for ConservatIons and to the Maglstr1cy of
the Grazlng
May r626 mOle stew about the black money (lead money) rescrIpt
that In the saId place
be not put for the Lord Count nor hIs successors any surety for bandIts and crImInals
22. 0
? but only for CIVIl debts, that It serve not as safe cache for C:llmlnals as dId the FlorentIne Loan Office
anno domini 15 hundred an' whatever
remaIn obliged to take salt from Grosseto
at the same price as now rulIng
1676 ambassadors to FIrenze
when the Grand Duke said he dId not understand economICS non Intendeva dl quella materia
beIng obliged to trust In his mInisters
1679 for two years no one gaoled
for debts under 14 lIre, those In for 30 or under
cd be released on order of the Buonuomlnl
who shd/:fix terms for arbitration
Monte to lend 4736 scudl
to the Tolomel foundatIon, and to take no mterest on thIS sum spent for the college
1680 to debtors 4%and one thIrd
to creditors be paid 2 / 3 rds of 1 % under that, frozen assets
Dlxbre '2. 2. make responsible
all persons, and all goods of the laIty
that the Mount have Its fund secure
that whoso puts hIS cOin In It shall hold hiS luoglu bearIng 5%frUitage per annum
SIgned NIeolo de Antille
HoratiO GIan:6. gl1oll
Seb Cellesl LL AA (TheIr HIghnesses)
gratify thIS demand to set up a Monte
to PublIC Good and to prIvate
to empower, faCIlItate, and be lICIt
were pleased to accommodate, and prestare
the fund on the Grand Duke's publIc Income
to the sum as of capItal 200,000
for 5%frUItage that wd be ten thousand the year
221
? whIch attaIn to the Office of Grasslands Paschl dl detta Cltta
the saId sum wIth cautele
that no one shd/suffcr
Marla Maddalena, tutrlce HorO della Rena
(whose bastards) 1622 thirtIeth of Xembre were not his natural bastards
that the IllustrIOus BaIley shall execute thIS order In all pOInts (but only hIs bastards OffiCIally )
faIthful rescrIpt of theIr HIghnesses . 2 Jan 16. 22, OraZIO Grcollnl
StIle senese or the year begInnIng In March
Enacted SIena, In the ParIsh of S GlonnI, In palatIo,
WIth WItnesses above mentIoned, apostolIc, ImperIal, CItIzen of SIena
Flrenze 1749, 1000 scudl
for draInIng the low land
2. 000 to :fix Roman Road advance authorIzed up to 12,000
PublIc debt at the end of the MedICI scudl 14 mIllIon
or 80 mtlilon lIra pre-war
222
? XLIV
D thou shalt not, FIrenze 1766, and thou shalt not Asequestrate for debt any farm Implement
nor any yoke ox nor
1ny peas1nt whIle he works wIth the sanle
PIetro Leopoldo
never had the 110unt lacked for speCIe, cut rate to four and X/3rd
CJ. edltors had always been paId,
that trade InSIde the Grand Duchy be free of unpedlments shut down on graIn Imports
'83, four percent legal maXln1um Interest
'85, three on church Investments, motu proprIO
PIetro Leopolda
FerdInanda EVVIVA',
declared agaInst exportatIon
thought graIn was to eat
Flags trumpets horns drums and a placard
VIVA FERDINANDO and were sounded all carIllons
WIth bombs and WIth bonfires and was sung TE DEU1\1 In thanks to the HIghest for thIS so
prOVIdent law
and were lIghts lIt In the chapel of AleAander
and the Image of the Madonna unveIled
and sung lItan1es and then went to St CatherIne's chapel In S DomenICo and by the relIquary
of the SaInt's head sang prayers and
went to the Company Fonte Glusta
Heavy graIn crop unsold
22. 3
? also singing the Ittanles
and when was this thanksgIvIng ended the cortege
and the contrade with horns drums
trumpets and banners went to the
houses of the varIOUS ambulant vendors, then were the sticks of the flags set In the stanchIons on the Palace of the Selgnors
and the glIded placard between them
(thus ended the morning)
rneanlng to start In the afternoon
and the bIg bell and all bells of the tower In the pIazza sounded from 8 a m untIl seven o'clock In the evenIng wIthout IntermISSIon and next day was proceSSIon coaches and masks In great number
and of every descriptIon e dl tutte Ie quallta
to the sound always of drums and trumpets
cryIng VIVA FERDINANDO and In all parts of the pIazza were flames In great number and grenades burnIng
to sound of bombs and of mortarettl and the shootIng of guns and of pIstols and In ch'lpel of the PIazza
a great number of candles for the publIcatIon of thIS so provIdent law and at sundown were dances
and the masks went; Into their houses
and the captains of the ward companIes,
the contrade, took their banners to the PIazza Chapel where once more they sang lItanIes
and crIed agaIn Ferdlnando EVVIVA
Evviva Ferdinado 11 T erzo
and from the contrade contInued the drummIng
and blowmg of trumpets and huntIng horns,
torch flares, grenades and they went to the PIazza del Duomo wIth a new hullabaloo gun shots mortarettl and pIstols
there were no streets not ablaze With the torches
or wIth wood fires and straw flares
and the vendors had been warned not to show goods for fear of dIsorder and stayed all that day wIthin doors
. 2. 24
? or else outsIde SIena ThIS was a law called DOVIZIa annonaria
to be freed from the Yoke of Licence From October 9th unttl the 3rd of November
was unforeseen JubIlatIon, four lInes of tablet In marble Frumentorum hcentla
coercIta de annonaria laxata Pauperum aeque divitium bono conservlt
FERDINANDI 1792
refused to take WIth hIm objects of small bulk whIch he
held to be the property of the natIon Ferd III 1796 that the sovereIgn be 11 pIll galantuomo del paese
the cItIzen prIest Fr LenZIni mounted the trIbune
to JOin the cItIzen Abram
and In admIrIng calm sat there WIth them the CItIzen the ArchbIshop
from 7,50 a bushel to 12. by the 26th AprIl
and on June 28th came men of Arezzo
past the Porta Romana and went Into the ghetto
there to sack. and burn hebrews
part were burned WIth the lIberty tree In the pIazza
and for the rest of that day and nIght
1799 anna domInI
PIllage stopped by superIor order 3rd July was dIscovered a
treason
In the cartrIdges gIven the troops
that IS were full of semolIna, not powder
and cherry stone where shd/have been ball and In others too lIttle powder
Respectons les pretres, remarked TaIleYf1nd 1800 a good graIn and WIne year
If you wd/get on well WIth the peasantry of the penInsula
? PrClnler Brumauc Vous voudrez cltoyen
turn over all sums 10 yr/ cash box
to the communIty, fraternlte, greetIngs
actIng for Dupont Lletltenant General
~OUlS KIng of Etrurla, PrImus, absolute, without constItutIon taxes so heavy that are thought to be luore than
paId by subjects of BritaIn
Gen Clarke to the Mlnlstro degl1 Esterl Whereas the frUits of the Mount were the 2/3rds of the one
percent w11erewlth to pay all current eApenses Madame rna soeur et
I have received Your 11aJesty's letter of
Novelnber twenty-fourth I
suppose that In the actual ellcurnstanccs
She WIll be In a hurry to get to Spain or at least to
leave a country where she can no longer C\tay wlth the dIgnIty befittIng her rank I have gIven orders that she be
receIved In my kIngdom of Italy
and In my French States WIth honours that are due her If your Majesty should be In Milan or TurIn
before the 18th of december I should have the
l. dvantage of seeIng her I am sendIng an officer my aIde de camp, General Rel1e who WIll deliver thIS letter He WIll be charged at the same tIme to take measures for the securIty of the country and
to remove men who could trouble Its qUIet,
SInce I learn that Your Majesty has already thought necessal j
to Import troops from LIsbon
My troops shd have by now entered that capital ~nd taken posseSSIon of Portugal
226
Delort
COUSlne
? WherewIth I pray God, Madam my SIster and COUSIn, he be pleased to have you In holy and worthy keepIng
At VenIce, december fifth 1807
Y our Majesty's kInd brother and COUSIn
NAPOLEON (hIS secretary nuxing the pronouns
You, She, she all to MaJesty)
And those men who C wIth bestIal enthusIasm' took horse place were, says the much lesser BandInl, paId by the prefect
and beforehand prepared
tc ArtIsts hIgh rank, In fact sole socIal summIts whIch the tempest of polItICS can not reach,"
whIch remark appears to have been made by Napoleon
And t SemIramIs' 181 4 departed from Lucca but her brother's law code remaIns
monumento dl CIVIle sapIenza
drIed swamps, grew cotton, brought In merInos mortgage system Improved
C Thanlt god such men be but few' though they bUIld up human courage
And before 111m had been Pletlo Leopoldo
that WIshed state debt brougllt to an end,
that put the gUIlds under common trIbunal,
that left names only as vestIge of feudal chaIn,
that lightened mortmaIn that prInces and church be under tax as were others, that ended the gaollngs for debt,
that saId thou shalt not sell pubhc offices, that suppressed so many gabelle,
that freed the prInters of surveIllance
and wiped out the crime of lese maJesty,
that abolIshed death as a p~nalty and all tortures In prIsons whIch he held were for segregatIon,
22. 7
? that splIt common property among tillers,
roads, trees, and the wool trade,
the stlk trade, and a set prIce, lower, for salt,
plus another full page of such actIons Habsburg LorraIne HIs son the ThIrd FerdInanda, cut taxes by half, Improved ttllage In Val dl Chlana, Llvorno porto f11nco
and thiS day came Madame LetIZIa,
the ex-emperor's mother, and on the 13th departed
t The foundation, Siena, has been to keep brIdle on usury' NIcolo PlccolomlnI, Provveditore
22. 8
? XLV
WIth usura hath no man a house of good stone
each block cut smooth and well fittIng that desIgn mIght cover theIr face,
wIth usura
hath no man a paInted paradise on hIs church wall harpes et luz
or where VIrgin recelveth message
and halo projects from InCISIon,
WIth usura
seeth no man Gonzaga hIS heIrs and hIS concubInes no picture IS made to endure nor to lIve wIth
but It IS made to sell and sell qUIckly
WIth usura, SIn agaInst nature,
IS thy bread ever more of stale rags
IS thy bread dryas paper,
WIth no mountaIn wheat, no strong flour
WIth usura the lIne grows thick
WIth usura IS no clear demarcatIon
and no man can find SIte for hIS dwellIng
Stonecutter IS kept from hIS stone
weaver IS kept from hiS loom
WITH USURA
wool comes not to market
sheep brIngeth no gaIn WIth usura
Usura IS a murrain, usura
blunteth the needle In the maId's hand
and stoppeth the spInner's cunnIng P1etro Lombardo came not by usura
DUCCIO came not by usura
~. ~"IIIIl""'ITH Usura
? nor PIcr della Frlnccsca, Zuan B,Jhn' not b} usura
nor was C La Calunnla ' paInted
Came not by usura Angchco, came not AmbrogIO Praedls, Came no church of cut stone sIgned Ada11Zo llZC fecrt
Not by usura St Trophlme
Not by usura Saint HIlaIre,
Usura rusteth the chIsel
It rusteth the craft and the craftsman
It gnawetll the thread In the loom
None learneth to weave gold In her pattern,
Azure hath a canker by usura, cramOlSI IS unbroldered Emerald findeth no Memllng
Usura slayeth the chIld In the v,romb
It stayeth the young man's courtIng
It hath brought palsey to bed, lyeth
between the young brIde and her brIdegroom
CONTRA NATURAM They have brought whores for Eleusls
Corpses are set to banquet at behest of usura
N B Usury A charge for the use of purchasIng power, levIed wIthout regard to productIon, often wIthout regard to the possIbIlItIes of productIon (Hence the faIlure of the MedICI bank)
? XLVI
D If you wIll say that thIS tale teaches Aa lesson, or that the Reverend ElIot
has found a more natural language you who thInk you wIll
get through hell In a hurry That day there was cloud over Zoagh
And for thlee days snow cloud over the sea Banked lIke a lIne of mountams
Snow fell Or raIn fell stolid, a wall of lInes
So that you could see where the aIr stopped open and where the raIn fell beside It
Or the snow fell besIde It Seventeen
Years on thIS case, nIneteen years, nInety years
on thIS case
An' the fuzzy bloke sez (legs no pants ever wd fit) C IF
that IS So, any government worth a damn can
pay dIvIdends";) ,
The major chewed It a bIt and sez C Y-es, eh
You mean Instead of collectm' taxes~ ,
e Instead of collectIng taxes ' That office'
DldJa see the DecennIO)
,
DecennIo eXposItIon, reconstructed office of II Popolo,
Waal, ours waz lIke that, mInus the Mtlls bomb an' the teapot~ heavy lIpped chap at the desk,
One half green eye and one brown one, nIneteen
Years on thIS case, CRIME
Ov two CENturIes, 5 mIllIons beln' kIlled off
to 1919, and before that
Debts of the South to New York, that IS to the
banks of the CIty, two hundred mtlhon,
231
? war, I don't thInk (or have It your own way )
about slavery~
Five mllhon beIng kIlled off couple of Max's drawIngs, one of Balfour and a camel, an'
one w'lch fer oBvIOus reasons haz
never been publIshed, ole Johnny Bull WIth a 'ankerchlef It has never been publIshed
C He aIn't got an opInIon'
Sez Orage about G B S sez Grage about Mr Xtertn
Sez Orage about Mr Wells, C he wont HAVE an opInIon trouble IZ that you mean It, you never WIll be a JournalIst'
I9 years on thIS case, suburban garden,
( Greeks' ' sez John Marmaduke C a couple of art trIcks' ( W h a t else~ n e v e r c o u l d s e t u p a N A T I O N ' ' (Wouldn't convert me, dwn't HAVE me converted,
C SaId cc I know I dIdn't ask you, your father sent you here
ct to be traIned I know what I'd feel
<t send my son to England and have him come back a chrIstIan' tC what wd I feel';) " , Suburban garden
Said Abdul Baha U I said C let us speak of rehg on '
cc Camel dliver said I must mIlk my camel
tC So when he had mIlked hIS camel I sald C let us speak of relIgton ' And the camel drIver saId It 15 tIme to drInk ml11{
(. WIll you have some~, For polIteness I trIed to JOIn hIm
Have you ever tasted milk from a camel'>
I was unable to drInk camel's mIlk I have 11ever been able
So he drank all of the mIlk, and I saId let us speak of rehglon ( I have drunk my mIlk I must dance' saId the drIver
We dld not speak of relIgIon U Thus Abdul Baha
ThIrd vice-gerent of the FIrst Abdul or whatever Baha,
the Sage, the UnIter, the founder of a relIgIon,
In a garden at Uberton, Gubberton, or mebbe It was some other damned suburb, but at any rate a suburban suburb amId a flutter of teacups, saId Mr Marmaduke
c t Never WIll understand us They lIe I mean personally
2. 3. 2.
? << They are mendacIous, but If the trIbe gets toget11el
ce the trIbal WOl d WIll be kept, hence perpetual mlsunderstandl11g U EnglIshman goes t11ere, lIves honest, word IS relIable,
U ten years, they belIeve hln1, then he sIgns terms for hIS
government U and, naturally, the treaty IS broken, Mohammedans,
(C Nomads, WIll never understand how we do thIs" 17 years on thIS case, and we not the first lot'
SaId Paterson
Hath benefit of Interest on all
the moneys whIch It, the bank, creates out of nothIng
SemI-prIvate Inducement
SaId Mr RothSchIld, hell knows whIch Roth-schIld
1861, '64 or there sometIme, U Very few people
(C wIll understand thIS Those who do WIll be occupIed cc gettIng profits The general publIC WIll probably not (C see It's agaInst theIr Interest"
Seventeen years on the case, here Gents, Is/are the confeSSion
t t Can we take thIS Into court;'
cc WIll any Jury conVIct on thIS eVIdence')
1694 anna domIni, on through the ages of usury
On, rIght on, Into haIr-cloth, rIght on Into rotten bUIldIng, RIght on Into London houses, ground rents, foetld brIck work, WIll any Jury conVIct 'um':> The FoundatIon of Reglus Professors Was made to spread lIes and teach Whlggery, WIll any
JURY conVIct 'urn)
The MacmIllan CommIssIon about two hundred and forty years
WIth great dIfficulty got back to Paterson's The bank makes It e1C nthzl
DenIed by five thousand professors, WIll any Jury conVIct 'urn') ThiS case, and WIth It
the first part, draws to a conclUSIon, 233
LATE
? of the first phase of thIs opus, Mr Marx, Karl, dId not foresee thIs conclusIon, you have seen a good deal of the eVIdence, not knowIng It eVidence, IS Inonumentum look about you, look, If you can, at St Peter's
Look at the Manchester slums, look at BrazilIan coffee or ChIlean nItrates ThIS case IS the D. lst case
51 requieres monumentum)
ThiS case IS not the last case or the whole case, we ask a REVISION, we ask for enlIghtenment In a C1se movIng concurrent, but thIs case IS the first case
Bank creates It ex nthll Creates It to meet a need, HIe est hyper-usura Ml Jefferson met It
No man hath natural rIght to exerCIse professIon of lender, save hIm who hath It to lend
ReplevIn, estopple, what wangle whIch wangle, VanBuren met It Before that was tea dumped Into harbour, before that V\Tas a great deal stuI In the school books, placed there
NOT as eVIdence Placed there to dIstract Idle mInds,
Murder, starvatIon and bloodshed, seventy four red revolutIons Ten empIres fell on thIS grease spot
t I rule the Earth' said AntonInus t but LAW rules the sea' meanIng, we take It, Ie~ RhOdI, the Law MarItIme
of sea lawyers usura and sea Insurance
wherefrom no State was erected greater than Athens WantIng TAXES to bUIld St Peter's, thought Luther beneath
CIVIl notIce, 1527 Thereafter art thIckened Thereafter deSIgn went to hell,
Thereafter barocco, thereafter stone-cuttIng deSIsted t HIc nefas' (narrator) t commune sepulchrum '
19 years on thIS case/first case I have set down part of
The EVIdence Part/commune sepulchrum
Auruln est commune sepulchrum Usura, commune sepulchrum
234
? helandros kal heleptohs kat helarxe HIe Geryon est Hic hyperusura
FIVE mtliion youths wIthout Jobs
FOUR mIllIon adult IllIterates
15 mIllIon t vocatIonal mIsfits', that IS WIth small chance for Jobs NINE mIllIon persons annual, Injured In preventable IndustrIal
accIdents One hundred thousand vIolent crImes The Eunlted States OV
AmerIca 3rd year of tIle reIgn of F Roosevelt, sIgned F Delano, hIS uncle
CASE for the prosecutIon That IS one case, mInor case
In the series/Eunited States of AmerIca, a d 1935
England a worse case, France under a foetor of regents
t Mr CummIngs wants Farley's Job' headlIne In current paper
2. 35
? XL VII
_ . . . . . . . IIIIll,. . ,? . . . . . HO even dead, yet hath hIs mInd entIre' ThIS sound came In the dark
FIrst must thou go the road
to hell And to the bower of Ceres' daughter ProserpIne,
Through overhangIng dark, to see TlresIas,
Eyeless that was, a shade, that IS In hell
So full of knOWIng that the beefy men know less than he, Ere thou come to thy road's end
Knowledge the shade of a shade, Y et must thou saIl after knowledge
KnOWIng less than drugged beasts phtheggometha thasson
cPfJEYY6J/-,Ef)a (JOn-crop
The small lamps drIft In the bay And the sea's claw gathers them
Neptunus drInks after neap-tIde Tamuz' Tamuz"
The red flame gOing seaward
By thiS gate art thou measured
From the long boats they have set lights In the water, The sea's claw gathers them outward
Scula's dogs snarl at the clIff's base,
The whIte teeth gnaw In under the crag,
But In the pale nIght the small lamps float seaward
Kat Moipa? ) "A8ovI"v Kat MOIRAI' ADONIN
The sea IS streaked red WIth AdonIS, The lIghts flicker red In small Jars
2. 3 6
Tv ~? c. )va, TU DIONA
? Wheat shoots rIse new by the altar, flower from the sWIft seed
Two span, two span to a woman,
Beyond that she believes not Nothing IS of any Importance To that IS she bent, her Intentlon
To that art thou called ever turnIng Intention,
Whether by nIght the owl-call, whether by sap 1ll shoot, Never Idle, by no means by no wdes mtermittent
Moth IS called over mounta1l1
The bull runs blind on the sword, naturans
To the cave art tbou called, Odysseus,
By Molu hast thou respite for a lIttle,
By Molu art thou freed from the one bed
that thou may'st return to another The stars are not In her countIng,
To her they are but wanderIng holes BegIn thy plowIng
When the PleIades go down to theIr rest, BegIn thy plowIng
40 days are they under seabord,
Thus do In fields by seabord
And In valleys Winding down toward the sea When the cranes fly hIgh
thInk of plowIng
By thIS gate art thou measured
Thy day IS between a door and a door
Two oxen are yoked for plowIng
Or SIX m the htl! field
WhIte bulk under olIves, a score for draWIng down stone, Here the mules are gabled With slate on the hIll road
Thus was It In tune
And the small stars now fall from the olIve branch, Forked shadow falls dark on the terrace
More black than the floatIng martIn
that has no care for your presence,
? HIS WIng-prInt IS black on the rC''1f ttles And the prInt IS gone WIth hIs cry
So lIght IS thy weight on TeIlus
Thy notch no deeper Indented
Thy weight less than the shadow
Yet hast thou gnawed through the mountain,
Scylla's white teeth less sharp
Hast thou found a nest softer than cunnus
01 hast thou found better rest
Hast'ou a deeper plantIng, doth thy death year BrIng sWlfter shoot7"
Hast thou entered more deeply the mountaIn')
The lIght has entered the cave 10' 10' The lIght has gone down mto the cave, Splendour on splendour'
By prong have I entered these hJ11s That the grass grow from my body,
That I hear the roots speaking together,
The aIr IS new on my leaf,
The forked boughs shake wIth the wInd
Is Zephyrus more light on the bough, Apehota more lIght on the almond branch')
By thIS door have I entered the hIll
Falleth,
AdonIS falleth
FrUIt cometh after The small hghts drIft out with the tide, sea's claw has gathered them outward,
Four banners to every flower
The sea's claw draws the lamps outward Think thus of thy plOWIng
When the seven stars go down to theIr rest
Forty days for theIr rest, by seabord
And In valleys that wInd down toward the sea
238
? KaL MoipaL' "AOOVLV
KAI MOIRAI' ADONIN
When the almond bough puts forth Its flame,
When the new shoots are brought to the altar,
Tv LlLwva, KaL MoipaL
TU DIONA, KAI MOIRAI
KaL Mo'LpaL' "AOOPLV
KAI MOIRAI' ADONIN
that hath the gIft of healIng,
that hath the power over wIld beasts
? XL VIII
D 1? the money be rented AWho shd pay rent on that money~
Some fellow who has It on rent day, or some bloke who has not'
Died Mahomet VIth Yahld l:ddln Han ( by profession ex-sultan'
65 years of age In San Remo (1926)
begotten of Abdul MeJld At beatIficatIon
80 loud speakers were used Subsequent to the Turklsll war Mr Kolschltzky
received for hIS services as a spy
five score sacks of coffee (de Banchus camhi tenendl) thus Inltlatmg the coffee-house facts of Vienna
SIxteen hundred, I thmk, and whenever, Von Unruh
IS rather good at 1l1lltatlng the sergeant
who Jammed down the cadavers, there were cadavers
and the Pit was not large enough to hold all the kadavers so the sergeant Jammed 'em down wIth hIS boots
to get the place smooth for the KaIser
Herr Von Unruh IS rather good at miming that sergeant vide Verdun, and what he wrote down, at Verdun
Sala Mr Charles FranCIS Adams
there was no good conversatIon At no SIngle entertalnment
In London dId I find any good conversatIon They take Browning for an AmerIcan,
he 15 unengilsh In hIS OpinIOnS and carr1age
Was put m the cellarage Van Buren haVIng wrItten It down
~ deface and oblIterate' wrote J Adams
e become fathers of the next generation ' wrote Marx
tuberculOSIS BIsmarck
? blamed american cIvIl war on the Jews, partIcularly on the RothschIld
one of whom remarked to DIsraeli
that natIons were fools to pay rent for their credIt
~? 'YOJJO~
DIGONOS, lost In the forest, but are then known as leopards after three years In the forest, they are known as t tWIce-born' I am sorry, Your HIghness Cawdor, Sept 2. 3
To have been so long In returnIng the
pedIgree of yr caIrn puppy
but when I wrote to the man you bought hun from I receIved a reply from hIs wIfe (or daughter) sayIng he had Just gone on a holIday
and that he wd wrIte me when he returned
I find Dhu Achl1 (sire) has been regIstered
at the Kennel Club, but the dam IS unregIstered
Dhu AchI1 has won a faIr number of prIzes at ScottIsh Shows and there are some other good dogs In the pedIgree
(three senators, four bottles of whIskey) so the puppy seems qUIte well bred (and at)
For the sake of convenIence I wIll wrIte partIculars
(four o'clock In the mornIng Mr Rhumby) on a separate sheet of paper
(waz Sekkerta:ry) The lIttle dog 18 domg
(Ov State) very well at Mr McLocherty's and 18 qUite happy They are very fond of hIm and he IS a most affectIonate dog
Yours respectfully GalIleo, pronounced C Garry Yeo'
err' un' ImbecIlle, ed ha unbecIIIIto (VOIce under my WIndow) tl mondo
No trustee of the Salem Museum, who had not doubled both Good Hope and The Horn
Sea as 1? rIsen over the headland and there are tWIn seas In the cloud
12. %Interest In BIthynla,
? for home Romans Interest 6 No man thelgn
saId Athelstan who has not made three voyages
gOIng hence off thIs land Into other lands as a merchant
C A lIttle more stock ' saId the presIdent over the telephone To the prInter t we sold all that what you prInted us '
So the bond salesman went abroad
They say, that IS the Norse engIneer told me, that out past Hawau they spread threads from gun'ale to gun'ale
In a certaIn fashIon
and plot a course of 3000 sea mlles
lyIng under the "'eb, watchIng the stars
c whl1e she bought . 2. prs of shoes
. 2. veus, . 2 parasols, an orchid (artIficial)
for whIch I was presented wIth a new kInd of net gloves made lIke fishnet, so the day was not wholly wasted
The prIest here
had una nuova messa
(dodlcesuno anna E F )
bella festa, because there was a prIest here to say hIs first mass
and all the mountaIns were full of fires, and
we went around through the VIllage
In gtro per 11 paese 2. men and . 2 horses
and then the musIc and on the SIdes
chlldren carryIng torches and the
carrozze WIth the prIests, and the one that had to say the new mass, and the carrozze were full of :fine flowers and there were a lot of people I lIked It,
all the houses were full of lights and
tree branches In the WIndows
covered WIth hand-made flowers and
the next day they had mass and a proceSSIon Please may I go back there
and have a new paIr of Sunday shoes;' ,
242
? Velvet, yellow, unwmged
clambers, a ball, Into Its orchIs
and the staIr there stul broken
the flat stones of the road, Mt Segur
From Val Cabrere, were two mIles of roofs to San Bertrand so that a cat need not set foot In the road
where now IS an Inn, and bare rafters,
where they scratch SIX feet deep to reach pavement
where now IS wheat field, and a mIlestone
an altar to Termmus, wIth arms crossed
back of the stone
Where sun cuts lIght agaInst evenIng,
where lIght shaves grass Into emerald
SavalrIc, hIther Gaubertz,
SaId they wd not be under ParIS
Fallmg Mars In the aIr
bough to bough, to the stone bench
where was an ox In smIth's slIng hOIsted for shoeIng
where was SpIre-top a-level the grass yard
Then the towers, hIgh over chateau-
Fell wIth stroke after stroke, Jet avenger
bent, rolled, severed and then swallowed 11mb after 11mb Hauled off the butt of that carcass, 2. 0 feet up a tlee tlunk, Here three ants have kuled a great worm There
Mars In the aIr, fell, flew
Employed, past tense, at the LIdo, VeneZIa
an old man wIth a basket of stones,
that was, saId the elderly lady, when the beach costumes were longer,
and 1? the wInd was, the old man placed a stone
? XLIX
OR the seven lakes, and by no man these verses FRaIn, empty rIver, a voyage,
Fire from frozen cloud, heavy raIn In the tWllight
Under the cabm roof was one lantern The reeds are heavy, bent,
and the bamboos speak as 1? weepIng
Autumn moon, hIlls rIse about lakes agaInst sunset
EvenIng 15 lIke a curtaIn of cloud,
a blurr above rIpples, and through It sharp long spJ. kes of the CInnamon,
a cold tune amId reeds
BehInd hIlI the monk)s bell
borne on the wInd
Sad passed here In AprIl, may return In October Boat fades m suver, slowly,
Sun blaze alone on the rIver
Where WIne flag catches the sunset Sparse chnnneys smoke In the cross lIght
Comes then snow scur on the rIver
AndaworldIS coveredWIth Jade
Small boat floats lIke a lanthorn,
The flOWIng water clots as wIth cold And at San YIn they are a people of leIsure
W:L1d geese swoop to the sand-bar,
Clouds gather about the hole of the wIndow Broad water, geese lIne out wIth the autumn Rooks clatter over the :6. shermen's lanthorns,
? A lIght moves on the north sky lIne,
where the young boy~ prod stones for shrImp
In seventeen hundred came TSlng to these hIll lakes A lIght moves on the south sky lIne
State by creatIng rIches shd thereby get Into debt'> ThIs IS Infamy, thIs IS Geryon
ThIS canal goes stIll to TenShi
though the old kIng bUIlt It fOl pleasure
KElMENRANKEI KIU MAN MAN KEI JITSU GETSU K 0 KWA TAN FUKU TAN KAI
Sun up, work
sundown, to rest
dIg well and drInk of the water
dIg field, eat of the graIn
ImperIal power IS) and to us what IS It)
The fourth, the dImensIon of stIllness And the power over wIld beasts
? L
VOLUTION' said Mr Adams t tool< place In the KmInds of the people
In the fifteen years before Lexington',
That wd have been In Peter Leopold's tIme
to hIS LordshIp the Count Orso all. d his descendants male legItImate and natural the admInIstratIon of ClVtl and crIminal JustIce In the saId place
debt when the MedICI tool{ the throne was 5 mllhon and when they left was fourteen
and Its Interest ate up all the best Income
the first folly was planting factorIes for wool spinnIng In England and Flanders
then England kept her raw wool, so that damped down the exchangIng
the arts gone to hell by 1750 and Leopoldo cut down the taxes
found there was t U1t' abbo1''taarzza che a/famavtZ' says Zobi
Leopold cut down the debt Interest and put the JesuIts out
and put end to the InquIsItIon
1782
and they brought In Mr Lock. e's
essay on Interest
but Genoa took our trade and Llvorno kept treaty wIth England to the loss of Llvorno
that IS to say Llvorno trade took a loss Te, adm. IrabI1e, 0 VashlnnnTTonn'
Livorno stuff went In Genovese bottoms 246
? because Tuscany kept her word and a treaty VOl, popoll transatlantICI admlrabtli,
salth ZobI, sixty years later
t Pardon our brIef dlgiession ' salth ZObi
AmerIca IS our daughter and VashiNNtonn had CIVIC vIrtues and Leopoldo meant to cut off two thIrds of state debt,
to abolIsh It
and then they sent hIm off to be Emperor In hell's bog, In the slough of VIenna, In
the mIdden of Europe In the black hole of all mental vIleness, In the prlVVY that stank Franz Josef, In Metternlch's merdery In the absolute rottenness, among embastardIzed cross-breeds,
But Ferdinando staved off an Anschluss and ParIS exploded
t certaIn practIces called relIgIous' saId Zobi t lack of experIence In econon1IC affaIrs' PIUS sIxth, VIcar of foolIshness, no Jew God ",d have kept THAT In power
So that about the time of MARENGO the FIrst Consul ,,'rote I left peace I find war
I find enemIes InSIde yr frontIer
Your cannon sold to yr enemIes 1791, end of representatIve government
18th Brumale, loth of November 14th June, 1 8 0 0 MARENGO
Mars meanIng, In that case, order That day was RIght WIth the VIctor
mass weIght agaInst wlong ad 1800
Interest at 24 to the hundred
and as they say <<: commerce languIshed '
1 8 0 1 the trIumVIrs wanted to go LeopoldIne as was A thousand of the old guard at Portoferralo
247
? and two mIllIon a year, one ~'llfof It reversable to the Empress
from Elba
for the mIldness of the chmate
and the suavIty of Its denIzens
from an EnglIsh frIgate descended
And Ferdinando Habsburg (but of the House of Lorraine) whIch IS the true name of the clean part of that family
got back a state free of debt
coffers empty but the state without debt
England and AustrIa were for despots wIth commerce conSIdered
put back the Pope but
reset no republIcs VenIce, Genova, Lucca
and splIt up Poland In their soul was usura
and In the! ! hand bloody oppreSSIon
and that son of a dog, Rosplgllosl,
came Into Tuscany to make serfs of old Tuscans
S t on the throne of England, s t on the Austrian sofa In their soul was usura and In theIr minds darkness
and blankness, greased fat were four Georges
Pus was In SpaIn, WellIngton was a Jew's pImp
and lacked mInd to know what he effected
~Leave the Duke, Go for gold' '
In theIr souls was usura and In theIr hearts cowardIce In their mmds was stInk and corruptIon
Two sores ran together,
and hell pissed up Metternlch
Filth stank as In our day
( From the brIgantIne Incostante ' for a hundred days agaInst hell belch
Hope spat from March Into June
Ney out of hIS saddle
248
? Grouchy delayed
Bentmck's word was, naturally,
not kept by the EnglIsh Genova under Sardegna Hope spat from Cannes, March, Into Flanders
(Not'
saId Napoleon C because of that league of lIce
but for oppOSIng the ZeitgeIst' That was my rUIn,
That I ran agaInst my own tIme, turnmg backward' OBIT, aetatis 57, five hundred years after D AIlghlerl Not, certaInly, for what most embellIshes 11 sessa femmlnue and causes us to admIre It, they wrote of MarIe de Parma hIs wIdow
Italy ever doomed With abstractIons, 1850, wrote ZObl,
By followIng brtlhant abstractIons
MastaI, PIO Nono, D'Azegho went Into eXile
and so on the 30th of October Lord MInto
was In Arezzo (I thInk BowrIng had preceded) and the crowd crIed EVVIVA
EVVIva the TarIff League
and MInto yelled EVVIva Leopoldo
EVVIV' INDIPENDENZA, thIS was the new Leopolda though MInto was for slowness and sureness
Lalage's shadow moves In the fresco's knees
She IS blotted WIth DIrce's shadow
dawn stands there fixed and unmOVIng
only we two have moved
? LI
SH:::~emmdofheaven God who made It
more than the sun
In our eye
FIfth element, mud, saId Napoleon
WIth usury has no man a good house
made of stone, no paradIse on hIS ehurch wall
WIth usury the stone cutter 15 kept from hIS stolle the weavel IS kept from hIS loom by usura
Wool does not come Into market
the peasant does not e1t hIS own graIn
the gIrl's needle goes blunt In her hand The looms are hushed one after another ten thousand after ten tholls'lnd
DUCCIO was not by usura
Nor was (La CalunnIa) paInted
NeIther AmbrogIo Praedls nor AngelIco had theIr sktil by usura
Nor St Trophlme Its clOIsters,
Nor St HIlaIre Its proportIon
Usury rusts the man and hiS chIsel
It destroys the craftsman, destrOyIng craft,
Azure IS caugllt wIth cancer Emerald comes to no Memhng Usury kIlls the chIld In the womb
And breaks short the young man's courtmg
Usury brIngs age lnto youth, It lles between the brlde
and the brIdegroom
Usury IS agaInst Nature's Increase Whores for Eleusls,
Under usury no stone IS cut smooth
25?
? Peasant has no gain from hIs sheep herd Blue dun) number . 2 In most rIvers
for dark days, when It IS cold
A starlIng's wIng wJ. 11 give you the colour
or duck wIdgeon, If you take feather from under the wIng Let the body be of blue fox fur, or a water rat's
or grey squirrel's Take thIs with a portIon of mohaIr
and a cock's hackle for legs
12th of March to 2nd of Aprd
Hen pheas'lnt's feather does for a fly,
green tad, the wings flat on the body
Dark fur from a hare's ear for a body
a green shaded partrIdge feather
grIzzled yellow cock's hackle green wax, harI from a peacock's tall
brIght lower body, about the SIze of pm
the head should be can be fished from seven a m
till eleven, at whIch tlIl1e the brown marsh fly comes on As long as the brown contInues, no fish wlll take Granham
That hath the light of the doer, as It were a form cleaVIng to It
Deo slmI1Is quodam modo
hic Intellectus adeptus
Grass, nowhere out of place Thus speakIng In KonIgsberg ZWIschen dIe Volkern erzlelt wlrd
a modus VIvendI
CIrclIng In eddyIng aIr, In a hurry,
the 12. close eyed In the OIly WInd
these were the regents, and a sour song from the folds
of hIS belly
sang Geryone, I am the help of the aged,
I pay men to talk peace,
MIstress of many tongues, merchant of chalcedony I am Geryon tWIn WIth usura,
. 2. 5 1
? You who have lIved In a stage set
A thousand were dead In hIS folds, In the eel-fishers basket
TIme was of the League of Cambra!
? CANTOS LII-LXXI
? No one IS gOIng to be content wIth a translIteration of Chinese names When not making a desperate effort at mne- monics or differentiating In vaIn hope of dIstinguIshIng one race from another, I maInly use the french form Our European knowledge of ChIna has come via latIn and french and at any rate the french vowels as printed have some sort of uniform connotation
? Table
Rays Idiogram from Fenollosa collectIon
FIrst dynasty HIA
Tching Tang of CHANG (second dynasty) be
1766
ThIrd dynasty TCHEOU b C 1122. -2. 55 ConfucIus (KUNG PO TSEU) 551-479
LIV Fourth Dynasty TSIN, BurnIng of the Books 2. 13 275 Fifth Dynasty H A N b C 202.
Eighth Dynasty SUNG a d 4. 10
ThIrteenth Dynasty T ANG 618
LV Tchun of T ANG a d 805 Ngan's reforms 2. 9? Nmeteenth Dynasty SUNG 960
LVI Ghengls 12. 06 3? 1
Kublal 1. 160
TwentIeth Dynasty YUEN (Mongol) Lady Quang ChI
HONG YOU dIed 139. 9
Twenty-first Dynasty MING 1368
P AGE . 254
257 LIII Great Emperors 262-
CANTO
LII LI KI
LVII FlIght of Klen Ouen Tl 311
? CANTO
LVIII Japan
Tartar Horse Fairs
Tal Tsang, son of Tal Tseu Twenty-second Dynasty MANCHU
LIX The books mto Manchu RUSSIan treaty
L X Jesuits
P AGlt 316
LXI Yong Tchlng (Chi tsong hlen Hoang TI) 172. 3 334
Kten Long 1736
In the text names of Emperors and of DynastIes are In CAPS
LXII-LXXI JOHN ADAMS Writs of asslstance Defence of Preston
The congress (Nomination of Washmgton)
Voyage to France
(not being diddled by Vergennes or plastered
by Dr Franklin)
Savmg the fisheries
Plan of Government
Recognition, loan from the Dutch, treaty with
Holland
London 412. AVOidance of war with France 418
Note the final hnes m greek, Canto 71, are from Hymn of Cleanthes, part of Adams' pazdeuma GloriOUS, deathless of many names, Zeus aye ruling all things, founder of the Inborn qualitIes of nature, by laws pJ. 1otIng all thmgs
Other foreign words and Ideograms both In these two decads and In earher cantos enforce the text but seldom 1? ever add anythmg not stated m the english, though not always In lines munedlately contiguous to these underhnmgs
162 5
341 354 359 364
371
377 391
40 0 - 0 5
? ? ? ? ? ? ? LII
D I have told you of how thmgs were under Duke Leopold In SIena
AAnd of the true base of credIt, that IS
the abundance of nature
with the whole folk behind It
t Goods that are needed' saId Schacht (anna seIdIcI) commerCIabIll benl, delIverable thIngs that are wanted
neschek IS agamst thIS, the serpent And Vivante was there In hIS paradIse, the mIld aIr
the fields rollIng eastward, and the tower half rUIn'd wIth a peasant complaInIng that her son was taken for war and he said t plutocracIes were less violent'
_ _ _ _ SIn drawmg vengeance, poor YlttS p1. Ylng for
payIng for a few bIg Jews' vendetta on gOyIm I thInk wrote MIss Bell to her mama
that when not agaInst the Interests of Empire we shd/ keep our pledges to Arabs
Thus we lIved on through sanctIons, through StalIn
LItvlnof, gold brokers made profit rocked the exchange against gold
Before whIch entrefaltes remarked JohnnIe Adams (the elder) IGNORANCE, sheer Ignorance ov the natr ov money
sheer Ignorance of credIt and CIrculatIon Remarked Ben better keep out the Jews
or yr/ grand chIldren WIll curse you Jews, real Jews, chazlms, and neschek
also super-neschek or the InternatIonal racket
257
? governments full of their gun-swIne, bankbuzzards, popplnJays DId commIt, that he dId In the KIngdom of Italy
of the two usurIes, the lesser 15 now put down
that he dId In the Kmgdom of BrItaIn etc/
Between KUNG and ELEUSIS Under the Golden Roof, la Dorata
her baldacchlno
RICCIO on hIS horse rides still to Montepulclano
the groggy church 15 gone toothless No longer holds agaInst 1zcschek
the fat has covered their croZIers The high fans and the mitre mean nothIng Once only In Burgos, once In Cortona
was the song firm and well given old buffers keepmg the stIffness,
Gregory damned, always was damned, obscurantIst Know then
Toward summer when the sun IS In Hyades Sovran IS Lord of the FIre
to thIS month are bIrds
WIth bItter smell and WIth the odour of burnIng To the hearth god, lungs of the VIctIm
The green frog lIfts up hIS VOIce and the whIte latex IS In flower
In red car WIth Jewels mcarnadlne to welcome the summer
In thIS month no destructIon
no tree shall be cut at thIS time
Wild beasts are drIven from field
In thIS month are SImples gathered
The empress offers cocoons to the Son of Heaven Then goes the sun Into GemInI
Vago In mId heaven at sunset IndIgo must not be cut
No wood burnt Into charcoal
2. 58
? gates are all open, no tax on the booths Now mares go to graZIng,
tIe up the stallIons
Post up the horsebreedIng notIces
Month of the longest days LIfe and death are now equal
StrIfe IS between lIght and darkness WIse man stays In hIS house
Stag droppeth antlers Grasshopper IS loud,
leave no fire open to southward
Now the sun enters Hydra, thIS IS the thIrd moon of summer Antares of ScorpIo stands mId heaven at sunset
Andromeda IS WIth sunrIse
Lord of the fire IS dommant To thIS month IS SEVEN,
WIth bItter smell, WIth odour of burnIng Offer to gods of tIle hearth
the lungs of the VIctunS
Warm WInd IS rISIng, crIcket bideth In wall
Young goshawk IS learnIng hIS labour
dead grass breedeth glow-worms
In Mmg T'ang HE bldeth
In the west WIng of that house
Red car and the sorrel horses
hIS banner Incarnadme
The :fish ward now goes agaInst crocodIles
To take all great lIzards, turtles, for dIVInation, sea terrapIn
The lake warden to gather rushes
to take grain for the manes
to take gram for the beasts you wtll sacrIfice to the Lords of the MountaIns
To the Lords of great rIvers
Inspector of dye-works, Inspector of colour and brolderles
2. 59
? see that the white, black, green be In order let no false colour eXIst here
black, yellow, green be of qualIty
ThIS month are trees In full sap RaIn has now drenched all the earth
dead weeds enrIch It, as If bOll'd In a bouIllon Sweet savour, the heart of the VictIm
yellow flag over Emperor's charlot
yellow stones In hIS gIrdle SagittarIUS In mId-course at sunset
cold wind IS begInnIng Dew whItens Now IS cIcada's tIme,
the sparrow hawk offers bIrds to the SpIrIts Emperor goes out In war car, he IS drawn by whIte horses, whIte banner, whIte stones 10 hIS gIrdle
eats dog and the dIsh IS deep
ThIS month 15 the reIgn of Autumn Heaven 18 actIve In metals, now gather mIllet
and finIsh the flood-walls OrIon at sunrIse
Horses now WIth black manes
Eat dog meat ThIS IS the month of ramparts Beans are the trIbute, September 15 end of thunder The hibernants go mto theIr caves
Tolls lowered, now sparrows, they say, turn Into oysters The wolf now offers hiS sacrIfice
Men hunt WIth five weapons, They cut wood for charcoal
New rice With your dog meat First month of WInter 18 now
sun 18 In ScorpIo's tall at sunrIse In Hydra, Ice startIng
The pheasant plunges Into Houal (great water) and turns to an oyster
Rambow 18 hidden awhile
260
?
Heaven's Son feeds on roast pork and mIllet, Steel gray are stalhon
ThIs month Winter ruleth The sun IS In archer's shoulder
In crow's head at sunrIse
Ice thIckens Earth cracks And the tIgers now move to matlllg Cut trees at solstIce, and arrow shafts of bamboo
ThIrd month, wIld geese go north,
magpIe starts bUIldIng,
Pheasant llfteth hIS VOIce to the SpIrIt of MountaIns The fishIng season IS open,
rIvers and lakes frozen deep Put now Ice In your Ice-house,
the great concert of wmds
Call thIngs by the names Good sovereign by dIstrIbutIon EVIl kIng IS known by hIs Imposts
Begm where you are saId Lord Palmerston
began draInIng swamps In SlIgo
Fought smoke nUisance In London Dredged harbour In SlIgo
2. 61
? LIII
EOU taught men to break branches YSeu GIn set up the stage and taught barter,
taught the knottIng of cords Fou HI taught men to grow barley
2837 ante Chrlstum
and they know stIll where hIs tomb IS
by the hIgh cypress between the strong walls the FIVE grams, saId ChIn Nong, that are
wheat, rIce, mIllet, gros hle and chick peas and made a plough that IS used five thousand years Moved his court then to Kio-feou-hien
held market at mid-day
C bring what we have not here', wrote an herbal Souan yen bagged :fifteen tigers
made SIgns out of bIrd tracks Hoang Tl contrIved the makIng of bricks and his Wife started workmg the Silk worms,
money was In days of Hoang TI He measured the length of Syrinx
of the tubes to make tune for song Twenty-sIx (that was) eleven ante Christurn
had four WIves and . 2 5 males of hIS makIng lils tomb IS today In Klao-Chan
Tl Ko set hiS scholars to fittIng words to their musIc
IS burled In Tung Kleou
Tlus was In the twenty fifth century a c
YAO like the sun and raIn, sa1V 1Vhat star IS at solstIce
saw what star marks mId summer YU, leader of waters,
black earth IS fertile, WIld Silk still IS from Shantung AmmassI, to the prOVInces,
? let hIs men pay tIthes In kmd
C SIu-tcheou prOVInce to pay In earth of :five colours Pheasant plumes from Yu-chan of mountams Yu-chan to pay sycamores
of thIs wood are lutes made RIngIng stones from Se-choul river
and grass that IS called TSlng-mo' or j. L&At, Chun to the spirIt Chang TI, of heaven movIng the sun and stars
que vos vers exprlment vos IntentIons, et que Ia muslque conforme
YAO
CHUN
YU
? KAO-YAO
abundance
Then an Empress fled wIth Chao ! (ang In her belly
Fou-hl by vIrtue of wood,
ChIn-nang, of fire, Hoang Tl ruled by the earth, Chan by metal
Tchuen was lord, as IS water
CHUN, govern
YU, cultIvate,
The surface IS not enough,
from Chang TI nothIng IS hIdden For years no waters came, no raIn fell
for the Emperor TchIng Tang graIn scarce, prIces rIsIng
SO that In 1760 Tchlng Tang opened the copper mIne (ante Christum)
made dISCS wIth square holes In theIr mIddles and gave these to the people
wherewith they mIght buy graIn The StlOS were emptIed
where there was graIn
7 years of stertllty
Tchlng prayed on the mountaIn and
der un Baluba das Gewltter gemacht hat
? wrote MAKE IT NEW on hIs bath tub
Day by day make It new cut underbrush,
pIle the logs
}{eep It growmg
DIed Tching aged years an hundred, In the 13th of hIs reIgn
C We are up, HI3 IS down' Immoderate love of women
Immoderate love of rIches, Cared for parades and huntIn'
Chang Tl above alone rules Tang not stintIng of praIse
ConsIder theIr sweats, the people's If you wd/ SIt calm on throne
HSla
Hla' Hla IS fallen
for offence to the spIrIts
For sweats of the people
Not by your vIrtue
but by vIrtue of T chIng Tang Honour to YU, converter of waters
Honour TchIng Tang Honour to YIN
seek old men and new tools
After :five hundred years came then Wen Wang :Be 12. 3I
Uncle Kl said Jewels'
You eat nothIng but bears' paws
In marble tower of Lou Tal doors were of Jasper 265
? that palace was ten years In the makIng
Tan Kl, palace, lIt by day wIth torches and lanthorns
Now KIeou's daughter
was baked In an ox and served
And they worked out the Y-kmg or changes
to guess from
In plaIn of MOll Ye, Cheou-sln came as a forest mOVIng
Wu Wang entered the CIty
gave out graIn tIll the treasures were empty by the NIne vases of YU, demobIlIzed army
sent horses to Hoa-chan
To the peach groves
Dated hIs year from the WInter solstIce Red was hIs dynasty
KIds 8 to 15 In the schools, then hIgher traInIng mottoes wrIt allover walls
t Use theIr ways and their mUSIc
Keep form of theIr charts and banners Prepare soldIers In peace tIme
All IS lost In the nIght clubs
that was gamed under good rule ' Wagon WIth small box wherem was a needle
that pOInted to southward and thIS was called the South Charlot
Lo Yang In the mIddle KIngdom and Its length
was 172. 00 feet Salth Tcheou Kong True sage seeks not repose
Hope Without work IS crazy Your forebear among the people
dressed as one of the people Caring for needs of the people,
old when he came to the throne ObserVIng the solstIce
DIed eleven 0 SiX ante Chrlstum
are stIll bits of hiS wrltmg
t A good governor IS as Wind over grass
266
? A good ruler keeps down taxes ' Tching-ouang kept lynx eye on bureaucrats
lynx eye on the currency
weIght of the tchu was one 24th of an ounce
or one hundred graIns of mIllet cloth bolt and sIlk bolt
to be two feet two Inches by four tchang (one Tchang equals four feet)
reIgned tIll 1079
and was peace for the rest of hIS reIgn
Called for hIS hat shaped as a mortar board
set out the preCIOUS stones on hIS table
sayIng thIs IS my WIll and my last wIll Keep peace
Keep the peace, care for the people
Ten lInes, no more In hIS testament
Chao Kong called the hIstorIans,
laId out whIte and vIolet damask
For the table of Jewels, as when Tchlng-ouang receIved prmces On the table of the throne of the West
laId out the charters
constitutions of antient kIngs and two sorts of stone
Hong-pI and Yuen-yen
And on the East table he put the pearls from Mt Hoa-chan and pearls from the Islands and the sphere of Chun
that showeth the places of heaven And the dance robes of In the old dynasty and the great drum that IS 8 feet hIgh
these he put In the place for mUSIC The pIkes, bows,
bamboo arrows and war gear he set to the East
The mats of the first rank of rushes bordered wIth damask of the second of bamboo and the thIrd rank
of tree bark
A gray fur cap for the crownIng, and 2. 0 ft halbards
(Ten seven eIght ante ChrlS~um)
t Left m my Father's orders, By the table of Jewels
2. 67
? To admInIstrate as In the law left us Keep peace In the EmpIre
Ouen Quang, and Wu Wang your fathers'
Thus came Kang to be Emperor/
WhIte horses Wlth sorrel manes In the court yard
C I am pro-T cheou ' said ConfucIus
C I am ' saId ConfutzIuS c: pro-Tcheou In polItICS' Wen-wang and Wu-wang had sage men, strong as bears
SaId young Kang-wang
Help me to keep the peace' Your ancestors have come one by one under our rule
Honour to Chao-Kong the surveyor Let hIS name last 3000 years
Gave each man land for hIS labour
not by plough-land alone
But for keepIng of SIlk-worms Reforested the mulberry groves
Set perIodIcal markets
Exchange brought abundance, the prIsons were empty t Yao and Chun have returned'
sang the farmers
t Peace and abundance brIng vIrtue' I am
t pro-Teheau ' saId ConfucIus five centurIes later WIth hIS mInd on thIs age
Chou
In the 16th of Kang Quang dIed Pe-kin
PrInce of Lou, frIend of peace, frIend of the people
worthy son of Teheau-kong
And m the 26th Kang Quang, dIed Chao-Kong the tIreless
268
for our rule
? on a Journey he made for good of the state and men never thereafter cut branches
of the pear-trees whereunder he had sat deemIng JustIce
deemIng the measures of lands
And you wIll hear to thIs day the folk sIngIng
Grow pear-boughs, be fearless
let no man break tWIg of thIs tree that gave shade to Chao-Kong
he had shadow from sun here,
rest had he In your shade
DIed then Kang Wang In the 26th of hIs reIgn
Moon shone In an haze of colours
Water bOIled m the wells, and dIed Tchao-ouang
to JOY of the people
Tchao-ouang that hunted across the tIlled fields And MOU-OUANG saId
t as a tIger agaInst me,
a man of thm Ice In thaw
aId me In the darkness of rule' then fell Into vanIty
agaInst councIl led out a myrIad army and brought back 4 wolves and 4 deer
hIs folk remaIned mere barbarIans Yet when neared an hundred
he wd/ have made reparatIon Crunmal law IS from Chun,
from necessIty only
In doubt, no condemnatIon, rule out Irrelevant eVIdence
Law of MOU IS law of the Just mIddle, the pIvot
RIches that come of court :fines and of Judges' tal{Ings
these are no treasure
as IS saId m the book Ltn htng of the Chu Knzg And the governor's daughters, three daughters, came to the rIver King-Ho,
bel053
? 860
For ten months was the emperor silent
and In the twelfth month, he, KONG, burnt the town
and got over It
Song turned agaInst Y-wang, great hall upon
Hlao wang
klllmg the cattle, Han-klang was frozen over
And In hIS tIme was the horse dealer FeI-tsei
IndustrIoUs, of the fallen house of Pe-y
who became master of equerry, who became Prince of TSln LI WANG aVId of slIver, to whom a memorIal
( A Pr1J1ce who wd/ fulfill oblIgatIon, takes cautIon
a ce que l'argent clrcule
that cash move amongst the people t Glory of HEOU-TSIE 15 clouded
Deathless his honour that saw hIS folk uSIng theIr substance The end of your house IS upon us '
Youl-leang-fou, In memorIal SaId Chao-kong Talk of the people
IS hk. e the hIlls and the streams
Thence comes our abundance To be Lord to the four seas of ChIna
a man must let men make verses
he must let people play comedIes
and hIstorIans wrIte down the facts
he must let the poor speak evtl of taxes
Interregnum of Cong-ho Sluen went agaInst the west tartars HIS praise lasts to thiS day Sluen-ouang contra barbaros
legat belli ducem Chaoumoukong,
Hoatland, fed by Hoal river
dark mIllet, Tchang WIne for the sacrIfice Juxta fluvlum Hoal aCles ordlnatur nee mora SWift men as 1? flyers, II! te Yangtse
Strong as the Yangtse,
they stand rooted as mountams
they move as a torrent of waters 27?
? Emperor not rash In counctl agIt consIderate HAN founded the town of Yuel
and taught men to sow the five grams In the 4th year of Sluen,
Sle was founded
and there were four years of dry summer
RITE IS
Nine days before the first moon of sprIng tIme,
that he fast And wIth gold cup of wheat-WIne that he go afield to sprmg ploughIng that he plough one and three quarters furrows
and eat beef when thIS rIte IS finIshed, so did not Sluen
that after famIne, called back the people
where are reeds to weave, where are pine trees
Sluen establIshed thiS people hac loea flUVIUS allult He heard the Wild geese cryIng sorrow
Campestrlbus Iocis
here have we fixed our dwellIng
after our sorrow, our grandsons shall have our estate
The Lady Paa Sse brought earthquakes TCHEOU falleth, folly, folly, false fires no true alarm
Mount KI-chan IS broken
Kl-chan IS crumbled m the loth moon of the 6th year of
Yeou Quang
Sun darkened, the rIvers were frozen
and at thiS time was T~ln rISIng, a marqUIS on the
EmpIre down In the rIse of prmces
T~ln drave the tartar, lands of the emperor Idle Tcheou tombs fallen In rum
from that year was no order No man was under another
9 Teheau wd/ not stand together 2. 7 1
Tartar border
? were not rods In a bundle Sky dark, cloudless and starless
at mIdnIght a raIn of stars W ars,
wars wIthout Interest boredom of an hundred years' wars
And In Slang, the prInces ImpatIent
kIlled a bad kIng for a good one, and thus Ouen Kong came to theIr rule In Sung land
and they said Slang had been killed when huntmg Ouen cherIshed the people
States of Lou were unhappy TheIr RIchards pOIsoned young prInces
All bloods, murders, all treasons Sons of the first wIfe of Ouen Kong
LIng Kong loved to shoot from the hedges
you'd see hIm behInd a wall WIth hIs arrows
For fun. of WIngIng pedestrIans
thIS prInce lIked eatIng bears' paws
By the NIne Urns of Yu, KIng Kong
made an allIance at hearIng the sound of Tcheou mUSIC ThIs was the year of the two eclIpses
And Cheou-lang that held up the portcullIs
was named t hIllock' because of a lump on hIS head Man of Sung, and hIS lIne of Lou land Chung ~
and hIS second son was Kung-fu-tseu , . Taught and the not taught Kung and EleusIs
to catechumen alone
And when Kung was poor, a superVIsor of vIctuals~
Plen's report boosted hun NI '. 1
so that he was made superVIsor of cattle
In that tIme were banquets as usual, Kung was Inspector of
markets
And that year was a comet In SeolpIa
and by nIght they fought In the boats on Klang rIver
2. 72
? And KIng Wang thought to vary the currency
j. tETOlJEj. tElICJJ'V TE TW'V XPW/JElIWlI
agamst councIl's opInIon,
and to gaIn by thIs wangll11g
Honour to Fen-yang who resIsted InjUstIce
And King Kong saId t That Idea IS good doctrIne' But I am too old to start uSing It
Never were so many eclIpses
Then Kungfutseu was made minIster and moved promptly
agaInst C T Mao
and had hIm beheaded that was false and crafty of heart
a tough tongue that flowed WIth deceit
A man who remembered eVll and was complacent m dOIng It LOU rose TSI sent girls to destroy It
Kungfutseu retired At Tching someone saId
there IS man WIth Yao's forehead Cao's neck and the shoulders of Tse TchIn
A man tall as Yu, and he wanders about In front of the
East gate
lIke a dog that has lost hIS owner
Wrong, saId ConfUCIUS, m what he says of those Emperors
but as to the lost dog, qUIte correct He was seven days foodless In TchIn
the rest SIck and Kung makIng mUSIC t sang even more than was usual '
Honour to Yng P the bastard
Tchln and Tsal cut off Kung In the desert
and Tcheou troops alone got hIm out Tsao fell after 2. 5 generatIons
And Kung cut 3000 odes to 300
Comet from Yng star to SIn star, that IS two degrees long In the 40th year of KIng Ouang
DIed Kung aged 73
273
? MIn Kong's hne was SIX centurIes lasting and there were 84 princes
SWIne thInk of extendlIlg borders Decent rulers of ll1ternal order
Fan-It sought the five lakes Took presents but made no hIghways
Snow fell In mid summer
Apncots were In December, MountaIns defend no state
nor sWIft rIvers neIther, neIther Tal-hia nor Hoang-ho Usurpations, JealousIes, taxes
Greed, murder, JealousIes, taxes and douanes
338 dled Kong sung yang
Sou-tslIl, armament racket, war propaganda and Tchan-y was workIng for TSln
bram work POLLON IDEN
and Tchao Slang called hImself t Emperor of the OccIdent' Sou TSI thought It badInage
Y0-Y reduced corvees and taxes
Thus of Kung or ConfucIus, and of t HIllock' hIs father when he was attackIng a CIty
hIS men had passed under the drop gate
And the warders then dropped It, so HIllock caught
the whole weIght on hIs shoulder, and held till hIs last man had got out
Of such stock was Kungfutseu
Chou
? LIV
O that Tien-tan chose bulls, a thousand
Sand covered them wIth great leather masks, makIng
dragons
and bound pOignards to theIr horns and tIed torches, pItch-smeared, to theIr taIls and loosed them by nIght from ten pOInts on the camp of Kl-kle the beSIeger
lIghtIng the torches
So dIed KI-kuS and that town (Tsie-me) was delIvered
be 279
For three hundred years, four hundred, nothIng qUIet, WALL rose In the tIme of TSIN CHI
TCHEOU lasted eIght centurIes and then TSIN came
and of TSIN was CHI HOANG TI that unIted all ChIna who referred to hImself as the surplus
or needless bIt of the EmpIre
and Jacked up astronomy
and after 33 years burnt the books because of fool lItteratI
by counsel of LI-sse
save medIcIne and on field works
and HAN was after 43 years of TSIN dynasty
some :6. shm' some huntm' some thIngs cannot be changed
some cook, some do not cook
some thmgs can not be changed
And when TSE-YNG had submItted, Slao-ho ran to the palace careless of treasure, and laId hold of the records,
regIsters of the realm for Lord Lleou-pang
that wd/ be first HAN
Now after the end of EULH and the death of hIS eunuch 2. 75
be 21J
? were Lleou. . . pang, and Hlang-yu
who had taste for commandIng
but made no progress In letters,
sayIng they serve only to transmIt names to posterIty
and he wIshed to carve up the empIre
bloody rhooshun, thought In ten thousands
hIS word was worth nothIng, he would not learn fenCIng And agaInst hIm
Lleou-pang stored food and munItIons 202 so that he came to be emperor, KAO,
brought calm and abundance No taxes for a whole year,
t no taxes tIll people can pay 'em' t When the quarry IS dead, weapons are useless'
t It appears to me' saId this Emperor, t that It IS
because I saw what each man cd/ put through '
And Lou-kla was envoy to Nan-hal, WIth nobIlIty,
and WIshed that the hng (the books Chu king and ChI kIng)
be restoled to whom KAO I conquered the empire on hOlseback
to whom Lou Can you govern It In that manner~
whereon Lou-kla wrote C The New DIscourse' (Sln-yu) In 12. chapters, and the books were restored
And KAD went to Kung fu tseu's tomb out of polICy VIdelIcet to please the wrIters and scholars
A hot lord and unlettered, that knew to correct hIS own faults as mdeed when he had first seen palace women, theIr
yet lIstened to Fan-koual
and had gone out of Hlen-yang the palace, aroused And he told Slao-ho to edIt the law code
Thereon the men In the vaudeVilles sang of peace and of empIre
Au douce temps de pascor 2. 76
splendour
? And Tchang-tsong wrote of mUSIC, Its prInCIples Sun-tong made record of rItes
And thIs was wrItten all In red-character, countersIgned by the assembly
sealed WIth the ImperIal Seal
and put In the hall of the forebears
as check on successors
HIAO HOEI TI succeeded hIs father
RaIn of blood fell In Y-yang
pear trees frUIted I n WInter
LIU-HEOU was empress, WIth devIlments,
tIll the grandees brought Hlao OUEN
PrInce of Tal to the thlone that was son of KAO TI and a concubIne
(no trIbute for the first year of hIS reIgn) And the chIef of the Southern BarbarIans complaIned that hIS slIver Import was mtercepted
cIrculatIon of speCIe Impeded
the tombs of hIS ancestors rUIn'd c 49 years have I governed Nan-yuel
my grandsons are now fit to serve
I am old, nIgh blInd, can scarce hear the drum-beats
I gIve up tItle of Emperor'
And KIa-Y sent m a petItIon that they store graIn agaInst
famIne
and HIAO aDEN TI the emperor publIshed Earth IS the nurse of all men
I now cut off one half the taxes
I WIsh to follow the sages, to honour Chang Tl by my furrow Let farm folk have tools for their labour It IS
for thIS I reduce the saId taxes
Gold IS medible Let no war ? nd us unready
Thus Tchao-tso of hIS mInIstry (war)
C Gold WIll sustaIn no man's lIfe nor WIll dIamonds
b c 179
2. 77
? keep the land under culture
by WIse cIrculatIon Bread IS the base of subsIstence'
They ended mutIlatIon as punIshment were but 400 men In all JaIls
DIed HIAO aUEN TI, ante Crlstum one ? ifty seven After 1. 3 years of reIgn, that pensIoned the elders
146 Great rebels began makIng lead money grasshoppers came agaInst harvest
And LI-kouang bluffed the tartars (the Hlong-nou)
m face of a thousand, he and hIS scouts dismounted
and unsaddled theIr horses, so the Hlong nOll thought Ll'5 army was wIth hIm
VIrtue IS the daughter of heaven, YU followed CHUN and CHUN, YAO havmg one root of conduct
HIAO KING had a Just man's blood on hIS conSCIence
HIA'S fortune was m good mInIsters The hIghbrows are full of themselves
learned, gay and Irrelevant
on such base nothIng stands
SIn,
HAN OU was for huntm', huntln' tIgers, bears, leopards They saId you outrIde all yrl huntsmen
no one else has such good horses
The prInce of Hoal-nan took to lIght readIng
PrInce of Ho-kien preferred hIstorIes, Chu Ktng
and the Tcheozt-lt and the Lf,-kf, of MenClUS (Mong-tse) and the Cht-lung or Odes of Mao-chi and the Tchun-tszou wIth the comment of Tso-kleou-mm
and the LI-YO wIth treatise on mUSIC 2. 7 8
? HAN TCHAO TI opened the glanarles
HAN SIEUN (or SIUN) Was fed up wIth hIghbrows
Preferred men who knew people's habIts C WrIters are full of their own unportance'
And when the tartar kIng came to Tchang-ngan
all the troops stood before hIm
the great In ceremonial uniform waited before that city and the EMPEROR
came out of the Palace with
foreign and chinese prInces,
Mandarins of the army and the book mandarins
as an hedge from the palace
and He took his way between them
mid cheermg and acclamatIon Ouan-SOUl" Ouan-soUI"
10,000 Ouan SOUl" may he lIve for
ten thousand years'
They crIed this for the Emperor and JOY was In every VOIce And the Tartar ran from hIS car to HAN SIEUN
held out hiS hand In frIendshIp
and then remounted hIS war horse
And they came mto the CIty, and to the palace
prepared And next day two ImperIal prmces went to the Prmce Tartar
the Tchen-yu and brought hIm to the audIence hall where all princes sat In theIr orders
and the Tchen-yu knelt to HAN SIEUN
and stayed three days there In festIval
whereafter he returned to hIS border and provInce He was the PrInce of Hlong-nou
And the kIngs of Sl-YU, that are from Tchang-ngan to the CaspIan
came Into the EmpIre to the JOY of HAN SIEUN TI
(Pretty manoeuvre but the techniCIans 2. 79
? bC' 49
watched wIth their haIr standIng on end
anno sIxteen, Bay of Naples)
From Ngan to the CaspIan all was under HAN SIEUN
The text of books reestablIshed And he dIed In the . 25th of
h I S reign
And Fong-chl led the bear back to Its cage whIch tale IS as follows
Fong-chl and Fou-chl had tItles but only as Queens of
HAN YUEN
and In the nnperial garden a bear forced the bars of hIS cage and of the court ladles only Fong faced hun
who seeIng thIS went back qUIetly to hIS cage And now was seepage of bhuddists H A N PING
sunple at table, gave tael to the poor
Tseou-kou and Tchong took the hIgh road
The PrInce of Ou-yen kIlled off a thousand, set troops to tIllIng the :fields
KOUANG OU took hIS rIsks as a common soldIer HAN MING changed nothIng of OU's
gave no posts to prIncesses' relatIves
and Yang Tchong sent In a placet that food prIces had rIsen SInce the start of the Tartar war, taxes had risen
Year of drought 77 and the Empress MA CHI answered Until now few Empresses' relatIves
have been enriched Without makmg trouble When Quang elu's five brothers were lIfted
thick fog came on thIS EmpIre
t History IS a. school book for prmces '
HAN HO TI heard men's good counsel
And In the thtrd moon of the first year of HAN NGAN the Empress' brother named Teng-tchl refused the honour
of prIncedom But gathered scholars and finally heard of Yang-tchln
whom he made governor
(J d 107
280
? and Yang-tchin refused gold of the mandarIn Ouang-ml
earthquakes and eclIpses And they turned out 300 mandarIns
that were creations of Leang-kl
And HUON gave most of the swag to the people
500 million tael
war, taxes, oppreSSIon backsheesh, taoists, bhuddlsts wars, taxes, oppreSSIons
And some grandees formed an academy and the eunuchs disliked the academy
but they never got rid of the eunuchs Teou-Chl brought back the scholars
and the books were IncIsed In stone 46 tablets set up at the door of the college
Inscribed In 5 sorts of character HAN HUON was run by eunuchs
HAN LING was governed by eunuchs wars, murders and crIme news
HAN sank and there were three kmgdoms and booze In the bamboo grove
where they sang emptIness IS the begInnIng of all thIngs Lleou-Tchin dIed m hall of the forebears-
when hIS father wd/ not dIe fightmg- by sUIcIde, slayIng hIS chIldren and consort
Down' HAN IS down Under T~IN Tou-yu proposed a brIdge over Hoang-ho T~IN OU TI mourned for SIr Yang-Hou
that had planned the union of empIre,
and had named Tou-yu to succeed hIm
Quang-slun wrote to hIS MAJESTY Wmd was agaInst us at San-chan, we cd/ not sau up the KIang
nor was there sense m returnIng
Not I but Sun-hao's own men sacked hIS palace
IJ d 159
281
ad 175
ad 274
? 4 d 317
ad 396
And T~IN OU exempted the conquered In au from taxes Was an army and navy dog fight And after the fall of Sun--hao hIs ballet dIstracted the EMPEROR
were five thousand ballet gIrls after the first QUIndecennIo
And Lleou-Y answered the Emperor
t Dt:fference, mllorr', IS that HUON and LING TI
extracted and kept It m publIc vaults
whereas YR Majesty keeps It In yr/ own prIvate
T~IN au dIsmIssed too many troops
and was complImented on dragons
(two found m the soldIers' well, green ones) and the country was run by Yang Slun
whl1e the emperor amused hImself In hIS park
had a lIght car made, harnessed to sheep The sheep chose whIch pIcnIc he went to,
ended hIs days as a gourmet SaId Tchang, tartar
Are not all of hIs proteges flatterers)
How can hIs county keep peace~
And the prInce ImperIal went mto the cabaret busIness
and read Lao Tse
HOAI TI was deposed, MIN TI taken by tartars
made lackey to Lleou-Tsong of Han T~IN TCHING cared for the people T~IN NGAN dIed of tonICS and taolsts T~IN HIAO told a gIrl she was 30
and she strangled hun
(plquee de ce badmage) he drunk at the t11lle
Now was therefore SUNG rising
When Lleou-yu's mother was burled
HIS dad couldn't hire a nurse for thIs babby KAO-TSOU
last T~IN down m a Bhud mess KAO TSEU preferred dIstributIon
No pomps 10 palatlo, Made peace WIth the tartars
2. 82.
? LI-Chan wd/ not leave hIs mountain
Et les Indlens dlsent que Boudha
In the form of a whIte bucl{ elephant
slId Into Queen Nana's bosom, she vIrgIn,
and after nIne months mgestlon emerged on the dexter SIde
The PrInce of Quel put out hochangs put out the shamen and Taotsse
a d 444, putt 'em OUT
In the tune of aDEN TI
t Let artIsans teach theIr sons crafts' Found great store of arms In a temple
Then To-pa-tao went after the shave-heads, the hochang And the censor finally prInted hIS placet
against extortIonate Judgements and greed of
the HIgh Judge Y upIngtchl OUEN TI reduced hIm (Yuplngtchl)
And there was peace between Sung land and Quel land and they ordered more war machInes a la Vaiturio
conscrIptIons, assaSSIns, taolsts
taxes stIll m the hands of the prmces OU TI had 'em centralIzed
Yen Yen was frugal Ouel prince went pussyfoot And the rItes of Tten, that 18 Heaven
were ploughIng and the raiSIng of suk worms OU TI ploughed hIS festIval furrow
hIS Empress dId rIte of the SIlk worms
Then au went gay and SUNG ended
Thus was I t WIth Kao~s son that was Slao, that was called
a d 448
OUTI
as Emperor
collecter of vases
(Topas were In Quel country, they were Tartar)
bhuddlsts, hochangs, serendIpity
C Man's face 15 a flag' saId Tan Tchln
. 2. 83
/I d 460
? al 503-550
t Thought 15 to body as IS Its edge to a sword'
C Wheat IS by sweat of the people'
So au TI of LEANG had a renaissance
Snow lay In PIng Tchlng till June
Emp'r'r huntln' and the Crown PrInce full of sakI And Topa Hong came south under the rain
<< No lack of students, few wise
Perhaps thiS IS due to the colleges'
And Topa, who was Lord of the Earth called hImself Yuen
and there was a hand-out to the aged halls were re-set to Kung-fu-tseu
yet agam, allus droppln' 'em and restorln' 'em
after Intervals And there was war on the Emperor au TI Hochang consIder their own welfare only
And the 46 tablets that stood stIll there In Yo Lang
were broken and bUilt Into Foe's temple (Foe's, that IS
goddam bhuddlsts)
thIS was under Hou-chl the she empress au TI went Into clOIster
Empire rotted by hochang, the shave-heads, and Another hoosy king dIed Snow alone kept out the tartars And men turned theIr thought toward Ouen TI
Yang-klen of SOUl set men to reVIse hiS law code Sou-ouel adVIsed hun, grain went Into hiS granaries HEOU raised the Three Towers
sat late and wrote verses HIS mandate was ended
Came the Xllth dynasty SOUl Y ANG-KIEN, rough, able, wrathy
flogged a few every day
and sacrIficed on Mt T11 Chan
BUilt Gin Cheou the palace
pardoned those who stood up to him
Toull-Kahn, tartar, was gIven a prIncess now was contempt of scholars
ad 581
284
? OUEN kept up mulberry trees
and faIled with his family
Y ANG (kouang) TI ordered more bUIldIngs Jobs for two mtllyum men
and filled his zoological gardens 1600 leagues of canals 40 ft wIde for the
honour of Y ANG TI of SOUl
the stream Kou-choul was lInked to Hoang Ho the river
great works by oppreSSIon by splendId oppreSSIon the Wall was from Yu-Im to Tse-ho
and a mIllion men worked on that wall Pel-klu was tactful with traders,
knowing that Y ANG liked news from afar,
wIth what he learned of the Sl-YU he mapped 48 kIngdoms KONG sank m abulela T ANG rIsmg
And the first TANG was KAO TSEU, the starter
And that year dIed LI-Chl that had come to hIs rescue
with a troop of 10,000 The war drums beat at her funeral And her husband drove back the tartars, Tou-kou-hoen
Fou stood against foe, damn bhuddlstS
When TAl TSONG came to be emperor he turned out 3000
ad 618
BUIlt thus for two hundred years TANG And there were ten thousand students
Fou-Y saymg they use muzzy language the more to mIslead folk
Kung IS to Chma as 18 water to fishes War, letters, to each a tune
PrOVInces by mountam and rIvers dIvIded
t A true prmce wants hiS news straIght'
TAl TSONG was no frIend to taozers hochangs and foes. Was observer of seasons, sayIng
Take not men from the plough
Let Judges fast for three days before passmg capital sentence
2. 85
fanCIes
? Ouel-Tchlng rock-lIke In councIl
made the Emperor put on his best clothes
SaId In war tnne we want men of abIlIty In peace we want also character
300 were unJalled to do theIr spring ploughing and they all came baek In October
It I grew wIth the people' said T A l TSONG It my son m the palace '
DIed KAO TSEU the emperor's father 635 anna domInI
DIed the Empress Tchang-sun CHI leaVIng t Notes for Prmcesses'
And TAl In hiS law code cut 92 reasons for death sentence and 7I for eXIle
as they had been under SOUl
And there were halls to ConfucIus and Teheou-Kong Ma-tcheou spoke agaInst corvees
that had been under SOUl GraIn prIce was hIgh when TAl entered
a small measure cost one bolt of sIlk, entIre If a prmce plIes up treasure
he share~ only hiS surplus
Lock not up the people's subsistence SaId TAl TSONG
let a prInce be cIted for actions
A measure of rIce now cost three or four denars,
that wdj feed one man for one day
Ouel-tchlng spoke hiS mmd to the Emperor Died a d 643
And there were plots In palatlo TAl TSONG had a letch for Corea
And an embassy came from north of the CaspIan from Kouhhan of short nIghts
where there IS always lIght over horIzon
and from the red-heads of Klel-kou
Blue-eyed and their head man was Atchen or AtkIns Chelisa 286
? And the Emperor TAl TSONG left hIs son t Notes on Conduct'
whereof the 3rd treats of selectIng men for a cabinet whereof the 5th says that they shd/ tell hIm his faults the 7th nlaintain abundance
The loth a charter of labour
and the last on keepln' up kulchur
SayIng C I have spent money on palaces
too much on 'osses, dogs, falcons but I have unIted the Hempire (and you 'aven't)
NothIng harder than to conquer a country
and damn'd easy to lose one, In fact there
aIn't anything he1. SIer
DIed TAl TSONG In the 23rd of hIs reIgn
And left not more than fifty men m all JaIls of the empIre none of 'em complaInIng of Judgement
And the tartars wanted to dIe at hIs funeral and wd/ have, If TAl hadn't foreseen It
and wrIt expressly that they should not Then the Empress Ou-heou ran the country
toward rUIn
but TAl TSONG'S contraptIon stIll worked-
local admInIstratIons m order Tchlng-gIntal drove after tartars,
hIs men perIshed In snow storms and the hochang ran the old empress
the old bItch ruled by prescrIptIon and hochangs who told her she was the daughter of Buddha Tartars remembermg TAl TSONG
held up the state of TAl TSONG
young TCHONG was run by hIs wIfe
Honour to HIEUN t to hell wIth embrOIderIes, to hell wIth the pearl merchants'
HIEUN measured shadows at solstice
polar star at 34 4
ad 662
ad
713-756
? 756
C a rebel's daughter' and killed her
Tchang-slun fighting for SOU TSONG had need of arrows and made then 1200 straw men whIch he set In dark
under wall at Yong-kleu
and the tartars shot these full of arrows And next nIght Colonel Tchang set out real men, and the tartars wIthheld
theIr arrows
t111 Tchang's men were upon them
To SOU TSONG they sent rhmocerl and elephants danCing
and bowmg, but when Ll-yen
sent TE TSONG a memorIal on the nuances of clouds our lord TE TSONG replIed that plentiful harvests were prognastlcs
more to
hiS taste than strange anImals
or even new botanIcal specunens and other natural what-nots
Cock :6. ghtmg wastes palace tnne So they set up another trIbunal
to watch mandarms
and no new temples to Idols 700,000 men in the army
Measured It m different parts of the empIre at Lang-tcheou was 29 and a half
TSlun-Y 34? and 8 lines For :five years no taxes In Lou-tcheou
census 41 mllhon, 7. 2. 6 anna domini
And HIEUN TSONG decreed Kung posthumous honours That he shd/ be henceforth called prince not mere t malstre '
In all rites and Ngan-yong were In hands of the tartars
and we were sad that the north CIties, Chepoutchlng
And there came a taozer babblIng of the eliXIr that wd/ make men lIve WIthout end
and the taozer dIed very soon after that
And plotters crIed out agamst the Queen Koue-fel
288
(T au-san)
? Inkum 30 millIon tael slIver
and 111 graIn 2. 0 mIllIon measures of 1 0 0 lbs each N estorlans entered, General Kouo-tse-y
IS named In their monument
Such bravery and such honesty, 30 years wIthout rest
And more goddam Tartars bust loose agaIn
better war than peace wIth these tartars
Taxes rISIng, LI-chlng had a lIaIson
And TE-TSONG rode apart from hIS huntsmen In the huntIng
by Smtlen
and went Into a peasant's house Incognito And saId
we had good crops for two years or three years and no war
And the peasant said be, If we have bad good crops for two years or three years
you've got no taxes to pay to the Emperor
we used to pay tWIce a year and no extras and now they do nothmg but think up new noveltIes We pay the usual tithe, and If there's a full crop
They come round to squeeze more of It out of us and beat down our prIces, and then
sell It back agaIn to us
or else we have to get pack anImals
or wear out our own, so that I can't keep a tael qUIet Does thIS mean contentment~,
Whereon TE TSONG dId nothIng save exempt that one peasant from corvee
and t11en laid a tea tax Empresses, rebels, tartars
SIX months WIthout raIn DIed TE-TSONG, the deceived
ad 805
? ad 805
LV BEM bellis, urbem gabelhs
Implevit OAnd the troops not even paId
And TCHUN the new Lord was dyIng but awoke to name LI-Chun hIs heIr And at thIS tIme died Ouel-Kao the Just taxer
that set up penSIons for Widows
HIS temple stands to thIS day that hIs soldIers bUIlt for hIm
Honour to TCHUN-TSONG the sIck man C Cut It' you bastard' saId Lln-Yun
t Do you take my neck for a whetstone') , And the rebel Lleou PI was delIghted
And the censors saId Llkl has hogged ten provInces' treasure If these go to the natIonal treasury
they WIll go out of cIrculatIon the people thereby deprIved,
so HIEN-TSONG threw thIS mto commerce
? And yet he was had by the eunuchs, the army 800 thousand
not tIllmg the earth
And half of the EmpIre tao-tse hochangs and merchants so that With so many hochangs and mere shIfters
three tenths of the folk fed the whole empIre, yet HIEN reduced the superfluous mandarIns
and remItted taxes In Hoal
LI Klang and Tlen Hlng "rere hIS mInIsters
remembermg TCHING-OUANG, KANG, HAN-OUEN and HAN KING TI
t Men are the basIs of empIre:l, saId our lord HIEN-TSONG yet he dIed of the elIxIr,
fooled by the eunuchs, and more Tou-san (tartars)
were raIdIng
MOU-TSONG drove out the taozers
but refused to wear mournIng for HIEN hIs father
The hen sang In MOD'S tIme, raCln', Jazz danCln' and play-actors, Tartars stIll raIdln'
MOU'S first son was strangled by eunuchs,
Came QUEN-TSONG and kIcked out 3000 fanCIes
let loose the falcons
yet he also was had by the eunuchs after 15 years reIgn aU-TSONG destroyed hochang pagodas,
spent hiS tune dluhn' and huntln' Brass Idols turned Into ha'pence
chased out the bonzes from temples
46 thousand temples chased out the eunuchs
and Tsal-gm whom he had WIshed to make empress hanged herself after hIS dearIl
saYing I follow to the nIne fountams'
So SIUEN decreed she shd/ be honoured as FIrst Queen
of aU-TSONG
a a 820
? ad 846
Ruled SIUEN with hIs mmd on the C Gold Mirror' of TAl TSONG
Wherein IS wrItten In tIme of dIsturbance make use of all men, even scoundrels
In tIme of peace reject no man who IS WIse
HIEN said no rest for an emperor A lIttle spark lIghts a great deal of straw
SIUEN'S Income was 18 mIllIon strIngs of a thousand on salt and wme only
not countIng graIn, SIlk etc
(calculated at french louIs d'or 1770
say about 90 mll1yun pund sterlIng) A man who remembered faces
and had by the taozers
tho' he stood for Just price and sound paper
I 3 years on the throne
Y TSONG his son brought a Jazz age HI-TSONG cock fights poverty archery
Squabbles of governors, eunuchs Sun Te put out the Eunuchs
and got hImself murdered
Then came lIttle dynasties, came by murder, by treason, WIth the Prmce of Tc;IN rISing
LI-ke-Yong IS not dead' saId Tchu
C for hIs son prolongs hIm ' whereas my sons are mere pIgS and dogs HIU cut down taxes and douanes
was hell on extorters 10 years chan~onsde gestes
Khltans rISIng, Yellou Apaokl and ChulIu, some gal, HIU, gallant, pugnacIous So they saId
In the city of Tching-tcheou are women lIke clouds of heaven,
SIlk. , gold, pIled mountaIn hIgh 2. 92.
ad 860
? Take It before PrInce T~Ul gets there Thus Quang Yeou to the Khltan of Apaoki
whose son was lost In the mulberry forest Thus came T~IN Into EmpIre
callmg themselves later TANG
hunters and Jongleurs Comedians were the klng's eyes but unstable
Took Chou land In 70 days WIthout dIsorder
A PrInce thIS was, but no Emperor, paladIn, useless to rule Tartar Yuen ruled as protector
cut down taxes, analphabetlc
And yet he set all the hawks loose,
saId huntm' IS hell on the crops
ThIs Ll-sse Yuen, called MING TSONG, had eIght years of
a. a923
Ll Tsongkou ruled hIS troops by affectIon was Prmce of Lou at this tlnle
that 18 Kungfutseu's country
The dowager empress chose hIm
a great captaIn under MING TSONG and they needed troops for defence agaInst tartars
In ChekIng-Tang's department Called ApaokI son of ChullU to aSSIst them And Cheklng Tang founded a dynasty
a rl 9J4
Dry sprmg, a dry summer locusts and raIn In autumn
and beyond that, lack of speCIe tax collectors Inhuman
Chuhu a great Queen of the Tartar Te Kouang put the emperor In a temple
and supplIed him With comforts
tartars put on chmese clothes
Ouan sow" ten thousand
eVVlva, eVVlva Lleou-Tchl-Yuen . 193
ad 947
comIng up from the ranks
good reign
? Turk of the horde of ehato, set hIS CIty at Calfon fou
And the tartars called their dead emperor t salted'
And It wd/ be now 13 years untIl SUNG
Teoul-tcheou saId Lou land has produced only writers Said TAI-TSOU KUNG IS the master of emperOlS
and they brought out Ou-tchao's edItIon, 953, And TAl ordered hImself a brIck tomb WIth no flummery
no stone men sheep or tIgers
CHI-TSONG m the thIck by T~e-tcheou,agaInst Han
sent reserve troops to the left wing
while he held firm on the rIght,
sayIng now, that they thInk they have beaten us'
And CHI cleared out the temples and hochang cleared out 30 thousand temples
and that left 26 hundred
WIth 60 thousand bonzes and bonzesses Chou cOin was of Iron
And CHI'S men drove t~e Tang boats from the Hoal-ho
all north of the great Klang was to CHI-TSONG who lent graIn to Hoal-nan deva~t
Died Quang-po the adVIsor SUNG was for 300 years
LIght was In hIS birth room and fragrance
as 1? It were almond boughs
Red the robe of hIs dynasty
pourvou que ~a doure, saId hIs mother
He saId let brothers Inherit
you are not here by virtushj
the last HAN was a mInor eunuchs, hochangs and taxers
princes get too much power
TCHAO KOUANG revIewed all capItal sentences
took tax power from governors 294
and tartars
? and centered the army command South Han was rotted wIth douanes
was rotted wIth tortures TSIuenpIU In snow had all Chou
and was SIxty SIX days only In takIng It And the emperor
Sent hIS own coonskIn coat to thIs general who promptly went gay,
FIve stars shone In Koue, five planets
T A l TSONG brought out the true BOOKS
and there arose In the prOVUlce of Ssetchuen a 1 evolt because of the greed of the mandarIns
Not content wIth theIr salarIes
began to bleed merchants for lIcences
whIch new damn tax made money so scarce In that prOVInce that men cdn't buy the neceSSItIes
Therefore Quang Siaopo of the people demanded Just dIstrIbutIon
and they went agamst TSlng-chln CIty, and took Pongchan
by vIolence and cut open the governor's belly whIch they :filled up wIth SlIver
(bIt of what he had extorted) and TAl TSONG reIgned 22 years
carIng for field work MeanwhIle Jelly Hugo the tartar, a Khltan, freed hIs people of taxes
and started old age relIef Ghengls rIsIng
And Tchln-Song declIned a present of sables (marte zlbbehne) sayIng It was Just as cold for the soldIers
and In ten four men crIed once agaIn Ouan SOUl
may he lIve for 10 thousand years
TCHIN-TSONG
ouan SOUl, may he lIve for ten thousand years
who saId don't worry about comIng ages the people need tIme to breathe
a d 978
a d 993
2. 95
? ad 1022
And he made terms wIth the tartars, paId 'em In SIlk and m slIver
to keep 'em qUIet as far as the wall
And the King of Khltan set court at Tchongklng our lord TCHIN gomg mumbo
and they burled hIm wIth the tracts about heaven whIch had wrought his dIshonour
and GIN TSONG cleaned out the taozers and the tartars began uSIng books
Han, Khltan, tartar wars, boredom of
Money and all that, stablhzatlon, probably racket
1069
And now FOU-Ple to whom we owed the peace of 1042. wIth
returned and was kept and made mInIster and CHIN-TSONG lIved soberly
wIth no splurge of table or costumes and at thIs tune began N gan
(or more fully Ouang-Ngan-che) to demand that they reset the market trIbunals,
postmg every day what was on sale and what the rIght prIce of It
as had been under TCHEOU emperors
and that a market tax shd/ go to the emperor from thIs
thereby rehevmg the poor of all douanes gIvIng them easy market for merchandIse
and enlIvenIng commerce
by making to cIrculate the whole realm's abundance
and said he knew how hard It wd/ be to nnd personnel
to look after thls, as when YAO had appoInted Koen
who could not, and then YU who had drawn off the flood water
And these changes annoyed, greatly, the bureaucrats 2. 96
the tartars
? whom he sent to confino that is the most stubborn
and got younger men to replace 'em And LIU-hoel saId Ngan was a tWIster
but the Emperor sent back HoeI's protest So Hoel begged to retIre, and
was sent out to Tengtcheou as governor And Ngan saw land lymg barren
because peasants had nowt to sow there whence saId Lend 'em graIn In the sprmg tIme
that they can pay back In autumn
WIth a bIt of an mcrease, thIS wd/ augment the reserve, ThIS will need a trIbunal
and the same trIbunal shd/ seek
equIty
for all lands and all merchandIse
accordtng to harvest and SOlI
so that the emperor's tIthes shd/ be proportIonate
to the rarIty or the abundance of merchandIse to make commerce more easy, that the folk be not
nor yet the ImperIal revenue be made less and Ngan made yet a thIrd pomt
that was to fix the value of money
and to cOin enough denars
that shd/ stay always on the same footing and Fan-chungm protested
but
Heol-kmg argued for Ngan
no man 1S forced to borrow thIS graIn In sprIng tune
If peasants find It no advantage
they WIll not come borrow It
and Sse-ma, saId, all rIght In theory
but the executIon WIll be full of abuse
they'll take It, but not brIng It haclt. 297
overburdened
? TSONG of T ANG put up granarIes
somewhat hke those you want to establish
a measure of ten or twelve pounds cost no more than ten pence and when the prIce was put up
they went on bUYing
and the whole prOVInce was rUIned
CHIN stayed pro-Ngan, and It was suggested that drought was due to Ngan's reforms,
whereto N gan said droughts had happened before
and at the 12th moon of the 17th year of thIs Emperor Sse-rna Kouang, Fan Tsuyu and Lleou Ju offered the HISTORY, called
ad 10-84 Tse-tcbt t01zg hen hang 1nou
on the model of Tso kJeou mlng
and thIs began wIth the 23rd year of OUEI-LIE of TCHEOU dynasty
and was In 294 books
Honour to CHIN-TSONG the modest Lux enlm per se omnem In partem Reason from heaven, saId T cheou Tun-y
enlighteneth all thmgs selpsum selpsum drffundlt, rlsplende
Is the beginnIng of all thIngs, et e1. tectu,
Said Ngan YAO, CHUN were thus In government
Died now the master of Nenuphar
Mandarms oppressing peasants to get back their graIn loans, and hts dIctIonary IS, they say, coloured wIth hochang
mterpretatlons and Taozer, that IS Ngan's
and merchants In Cal? ong put up their shutters In mournmg
for Sse-kouang
antI-tao, antl-bhud, antl-Ngan
whose rules had worked . 20 years
till Sse-kouang reversed 'em
Students went bhud rather than take Kung via Ngan, Flood relIef, due to Ngan)
? Joker somewhere')
came Tsal Kmg pro-Ngan, probably crooked and they put Ngan's plaque In a temple
HOEI went taozer, an' I suppose Tsal ran to state usury The tartar lord
wanted an alphabet
by name Akouta, ordered a wrItten tongue for KIn tartars
And a fox walked Into the Imperial palace and took hIS seat on the throne
a mad man ran shrIekIng change, tartars more tartars tartars pass over Hoang-ho
And they used paper notes when cOin was too heavy for
and redeemed those notes at one thIrd/ And there were ever all sorts of dIsturbers For there were the tartars, Khltan, that had
taken the old Turk's country,
and these tartars are called also Leao And there are KIn tartars, that were under Akouta
and these are called also Nutche, from nOlth of Corea, and there were the hordes of Ghenglz (TAI-TSOU, Temougln)
of whom was CHI-TSOU or Koublal
Hoang ho, Hoang ho, tartars pass over Hoang ho SUNG died of taxes and guncracks
Mongrels m fish-skm (shagreen, or shark's skm)
till I 157 the Km used com made In China
and OuIo stopped swappmg suk for the toys of Hla,
saId men cannot eat Jewels
Oulo of Km, greatest of KIn, under hIm were books set
II it 1177
In hiS reIgn were only 18 beheaded but hIS brat was run by hIS miSSUC;
and they had an IdeologIcal war
C medIocrity's chIldhood lasts Into mIddle age'
299
transport
mto Nutche
? they brought out a text book on mUSIC GHINGIZ (Tchlnkls) hearIng of alphabets
hearIng of mores and saw a green unIcorn speakmg
fumee malIgne In the underground 12. 19 saId Yehu Tchutsal tax, don't extermInate
you WIll make more 1? you tax 'em thIS was a new Idea to the mongols
who wanted to turn all land Into grazIng
and saw no use for human mhabltants
these mongrels beln' 'orsemen
Ten percent tax on WIne, three and I/3rd on neceSSItIes
mohammeds say drfferent make more anyhow If you tax 'em
SUNG fallmg, Antzar went agaInst KIn by Tang and Teng, let 'em pass
3? 0
? LVI
LLETS' blgliettl, as COIn was too heavy for transport, Bbut redeemed the stuff at one thIrd
And Ou-KIai had another swat at the tartars and licked 'em
And Yu-Tchong, governor of KI. Llgtcheou In the Chensl said my spIes have told me etc/
easy to start a war,
not easy to finIsh one
SUNG dIed of levyIng taxes
guncracks, SUNG dIed under HOEI the sltder,
And there was a man named TchinkIs In Tartary hearIng of alphabets, morals, mores
and a man named Yellu-Tchutsal Yellu apaokl Ouanyen akouta,
of KIn, of Khltan, and Genghls of Yuen,
hearIng of alphabets
and Yehu Tchutsal saId to Ogotal
tax, don't extermInate You'll make more by taXIng the bl1ghters
thus saved several ml11yum lIves of those chmamen BOJars thought land was for grazmg
ten percent tax on hooch, 3-J-rd on necessItIes And they trIed to stop the Tartars on Hoang Ho
day falls lIke a flutterIng flag
East prmces went by the valley of box wood
tocoverMtKualWIth apalace c There 18 " saId the T aozers,
t A medIcme that gIves ImmortalIty' and shIps sent (11 Sao) to Japan
Mt Tal Haku IS 300 mIles fronl heaven lost In a forest of stars,
Slept on the pme needle carpet 3? 1
? sprmkled horse blood
praymg no brave man be born among Mongols
JO Ouen yan Tchln hochang of KIn
YAO, CHUN, YU controller of waters BrIdge bUIlders, contrIvers of roads
gave grain to the people kept down the taxes
Hochang, eunuchs, taoists and ballets nIght-clubs, gimcracks, debauchery
Down, down' Han IS down
Sung IS down Hochang, eunuchs, and taozers
empresses' relatives, came then a founder sayIng nothIng superfluous
cleared out the taozers and grafters, gave graIn
opened the mountaIns
Came taozers, hochang and debauchery
And lltteratl fought fiercer than other men to keep out the
drlftmg dung-dust from the North Hochang southward lIke rabbIts
half a mIllIon In one prOVInce only mus mgens, Ingens, noll meum granum comedere
No slouch ever founded a dynasty DIed Kin Lusiang, hIstorIan and ConfUCIan all mulberrIes frozen In Pa Yang
Where were two mIllIon trees and beyond that Lltterati fought fiercer than other men
Hall breakmg the trees and walls
In I-Tchlng-tcheou
Crops gone
AgaInst Ogotal's catapults Nlk-la-su used powder
May the whIte bIrds remember thIS warrIor, good at lOgIstICS Ozm (Wodm) Yourlak had 'em set out mulberry trees
302
mogul
? Ghenso was for no taxes, grew up as a labourer A hundred chI of rIce for ten denars
that IS an 1/. 2. ounce of slIver ZmKwa observed tllat gold IS InedIble Stored graIn agaInst famIne
observed that Jade IS InedIble And they used InvIsIble wrItIng
In Ten Bou's tune came a whIte phoenIX and In this time was Yehu Tchutsal
Meng Kong stIll held agaInst Mogois Han, Lang, Ouen, Kong,
MIe, Klen, Tchong, Kmg
Fou, Pong, Chun KIng
gone Vendome, Beaugency, Notre Dame de Clery,
and they took law against YelIu, but hIs leavIng was 13 flutes, hIs lute and hIs lIbrary
to refute charge of embezzlement And after hIm ched Meng Kong
KUJak was crowned
And the first day they put on theIr whIte clothes and the second day red robes
and the thIrd day were all lords In VIolet,
scarlet the fourth day, and KUJak went agaInst Hungary made war on Poland, on PrUSSIa
and Mengko took off taxes
And In Cal Fang they made a graIn dIVIdend
and gave InstructIon In farmIng ploughs, money, ammaSSl
YAO, SHUN, YU, Kung
TCHIN QUANG, OUEN, Ghenglz Khan
And Mengko went Into Bagdad, went Into Kukano
and dIed by the wall at Ho-tcheou Ogotal reIgned for nme years
3? 3
? ad
1225/65
Kubial ascended Mt Hianglou
the KIang full of war Junks
that SUNG thought securIty LI TSONG belIeved hIs news serVIce
wrongly
Kublal before hIm
and about hun damned rascals, courtezans, palace
Cliques, easy wars without Justice
And Kublal said Sung laws very beautiful
unlIke theIr conduct Klasse harmed SUNG more than Mongols
North IS the cradle of mongols
Pasepa gave them their alphabet
1000 words mongol, and 41 letters
SUNG sank by Yal Island The line of Ghenglz called YUEN
ad 1278 this dynasty mo'gol
Hoang-ho's fount In a sea of stars
Quang tchl slew Ahama Ouen Tlenslang was faIthful
War scares Interrupt commerce Money was now made of brass and profit on arms went to the government
WIne taxed high, settlers lIcensed
Lou-chi brought back the grafters (Ahama's)
and boosted the tea tax
Tchm-kln dIsgusted by the SIze of the tax receIpts
and L Sleuen staved off a war With Japan staved off a war on Annam
saId Taxes are not abundance
Yellu resumed the Imperial college, gathering scholars
KUBLAI Was a buggar for taxes Sangko stinkIng WIth graft
Ouantse made a law code
elIminated 250 tribunals, that mostly dId nowt but tax
ad 1295 KUBLAI d1ed heavy With years
hiS luck was good mInIsters, save for the treasury
3? 4
women
? C As hunger alone drove them to brIgandage they wd/ continue bandIts tIll fed'
ThIS known In the tIme of TIMOUR The last SUNG fled In what was left of a navy
went down m sea waves, came mongols
of Ghenglz
rose KUBLAI
HIA, CHANG, TCHEOU
were great lInes tIll Kungfutseu
Then were HAN T<;IN
T ANG SUNG
Then these mongols or YUEN
Ghenglz, Ogotal, KUBlAI KHAN
that carne Into EmpIre
From the Isle of Yal, no more SUNG countIng
and mogols stood over all ChIna
89 years more tIll MING came, 1368
that IS from GhengIz an hundred and 60 (Cambuskm) And In south prOVInce Tchln Tlaouen had rIsen
and took the CIty of Tchang tcheou
offered marrIage to Ouang ChI,
who saId It IS an honour
I must first bury Kanouen H IS body IS heavy HIS ashes were lIght to carry
BrIght was the flame for Kanouen
Quang ChI cast herself Into It, FaIthful forever HIgh the hall TIMOUR made her
And In the 8th moon the publIc works and corvee department presented GIN TSONG a volume on mulberry culture
by MIao Haoklen where he explains m detaIl the
grOWIng of sIlk worms and of unwIndIng cocoons
be 202 ad 265 ad 618 ad 950
3? 5
? IlJ
1312/20
and the Emperor had this engraved wIth all dIagrams and distributed throughout all China
nor had any emperor more care to :find men of merIt- dOIng what KUBLAI had Intended-
than had Alullpata called GIN TSONG (AlgIaptou khan) honourIng Kung wIth the rites
And his son dIed of assasSins
died of the gang of TlemoutIer, lamas, foes,
shIt and religIon always stInking In concord Came Jason agamst these assaSSInS
came CHUNTI last of the mogul
Two mIllion families went down In famine
blood rained on the high land
green hair came down lIke rain HanJong levelled the temples
hIS folk burst mto JOy
to put land back under tillage
CHUNTI came to the college, as had not In 1. 1 years of reIgn gave a SlIver seal to Kung's eplgon
but gangsters continued
a pU"ate declIned to turn mandarIn,
a comet exploded In Pleiades Hoang-ho shIfted Its bed
and they said that the Mile Buddha had come down to turn out the mogul,
pseudo-Sung put on red hats
Tlenouan beat the rebels, Talpou was killed by rebels
Slngkl respected
and the lamas put on a ballet for CHUNTI
In Ivory headgear
castagnettes crmkhng and clackIng, and a Tang dance
Without fancy clothes Kongpel saId to Toto Don't open dIspatches
Dragon barge drIfted WIth musIc Statue poured water amldshlp
306
? SpIrIts struck the nIght watches
they say CHUNTI Invented thIs clockwork
The Red Caps called theIr candIdate Mmg Ouan as If emperor
Left monkhood and put manhood on
to end the lme of GhengIz khan
Yuentchang ceased bemg hochang took Ito Yen wIthout pIllage
and passed over Klang rIver
conquered the TalpIng prOVInce
Comet m Tchang star, over Tal Mlng shone the meteor broom-shaped
Mmg commg out of South Country, In 35 years' dIssolution CHUNTI ceased from the throne
DIed YukiOU of more than ten wounds Now m Chang-tou was rUIn
the hIgh house of KUBLAI cast down Came MIng slowly, a thousand, an hundred thousand
the pIrate Kouetchln came to hun
At court, eunuchs and grafters
among mongols no man trusted other The empress' folk In Corea kIlled off kmg Peyen Of MING were now 2. 00,000
that fought three days In the boat fight there by lake Peyan
to Hoang Ho the rIver YeougIn and the Tchlng brothers
ttll Leou Lean was arrowed
And they left Tchln-II hIS father's treasure
but took hIS graIn for the people Came MING thus to K. 1anKlng, say 1368 For crnne after TIMOUR the mandate
left YUEN mongols
No slouch ever founded a dynasty
From Ghenglz were 8 score years until MING time 3? 7
? SaId now YUENTCHANG
SUIS fils d'un pauvre labourelLt
In a vIllage of Ssetcheou In the provmce of Klangnan at seventeen was made shavelIng
then enrolled under Tsehing the captain ThIS IS called DestIny
Schlcksal to brIng peace to the EmpIre Ll, Su, Tong and I
were four musketeers
We were workmen m the same VIllage we were plam sOJers together
If we can take Chantong prOVInce, we can take PekIn (and dId so, 1368)
HesaIdtoSuTa Doasyoudeem
CHANG, CHOU, and HAN rose by talents
Once we four were lucky to have even canvas coats Mongols are fallen
from lOSIng the law of Chung NI (ConfucIus)
HAN came from the people
How many fathers and husbands are fallen Make census
GIve rIce to their famlhes
Give them money for rItes
Let rich folk keep thetr goods by them
Let the poor be provided
I came not agamst YUEN
but agaInst grafters and rebels
I rebelled not agaInst KUBLAI, not agaInst Ghenglzkhan
but against lIce that ate theIr descendants TAl TSONG
KAO TSEU
TAl TSOU
and now HONG YOU three hundred, three hundred
308
? each had 300 years by the mandate five cycles of 60 years
Mongols were an Interval
YAO
SHUN
HAN
TeHEU
- -J:: /C
t Once agam war IS over Go talk to the savants'
He gave fur coats to the troops In Nlnghla
Showed no zenophobla Moguls wd/ not have chmese In office In Pekin he paid the soldiers
To peasants he gave allotments
gave tools and yoke oxen
No eunuchs to serve save as domestIcs
C Don't belIeve all you are told by officials
C I suggest " saId HONG VOU, t that you get a faculty
a good faculty before IncreaSIng the number of students' 3? 9
? He dechned arab cosmetics
Capn Ye-ouang bUilt an Ice wall
to keep off the Yuen
whIch they took for a real wall
t Coreans are gentle by nature'
and that year the Emperor dIed
Five planets were In conjunction
In '84 dIed General LI-ouen, In '85 Su Ta
In 1386 peace
HONG VOU declmed a treatise on ImmortalIty
offered by Taozers, Et En l'an trentunleme de son EmpIre
l'an SOIxante de son eage HONG VOU voyant ses forces aff'olbllr
dlct Que la vertu t'InSplre, Tchu-ouen Vous, mandanns fideles, lettres, gens d'1. rmes
Aidez mon petIt-fils a soutenlr La dlgnlte de cest pOUVOlr
Ie pOlds de son office Et comme au PrInce aUEN TI
Jadls des HAN Falctes mOl mes funeraJ. 11es
310
? LVII
D when KtEN QUEN was throned AhIS uncle set to unthrone hIm, sayIng
As Teheou-kong looked after Tchlng-ouang his nephew
protect hun from the gUiles of hIs mInIsters And when the palace cd/ no more hold out
they remembered a box left by HONG YOU whereIn was wrItten
Go out by the gate of Kouemen
Under nIght dark, follow the aqueduct tIll you come to the
temple of ChIn Lo-koan
And In the red chest was habIt of hochang and dIploma of hochang
Nme men went WIth KIEN aDEN TI
and at Kouemen gate, messlre Ouangchln, the taOIst
beat WIth hIs head on the ground, cryIng Ouan SOUl may you lIve for 10,000 years
HONG VOU came to me In a VISIon
saYing go to the gate at Kouemen
and that I row you to Chln-Io-koan
Were nIne mandarIns, were Yang-long and Ye Hmlen that went thus With KIEN TI, took monkhood,
and he was wanderIng for 35 years until YNG-TSONG from one hIdmg place to another
YONG LO dId 2. 0 years heavy police work
To whom came an envOI from Bengal
And Malacca came Into our EmpIre,
And YANG LO commanded a (' summa' that IS that the gIst of the books be corrected And Mahamou sent In trIbute of horses
GIN TSONG was ten months on the throne Under tartars had all gone feudal And In 1430 was peace
a J 1403
311
ad 1409 ad 1415
? Came YNG-TSONG a chIld of eight years, eunuchs as wet-rot In the palace
HONG VOU restored ImperIal order yet now came again eunuchs, taozers and hochang
Armourers worked day and nIght YUKIEN burnt the forage round Pekin
against tartar horses thIs was m days of KING TI
Fan-kuang took burnIng arrows and lances of the sort that one throws
Ye&len, Peyen, Tlemour came up under the walls at Pekin Che-heng and Yuk. len were defenders
t no longer amused by theIr promises' In '52. was Emperor's grain ration
for famine In Honan, for famine In Shantung a million SIX hundred thousand measures of grain
And for war they made 15 foot carrochs
wIth a case slung below for prOVISIons
(VIde ValturlO)
and a cannon to forrard, a turret bordered with lances we had a thousand such carrochs
countIng they wd/ fill a field of four Iz
and these were never brought Into actIon
ad 1459 Died Yuklen the restorer, that had so vIle a reward by his own hand, In prIson
Che-heng turned to magIcians a man full of hImself
Now were the new maps publIshed There was a rebellIon
of eunuchs
HIEN TSONG the Idolater dId posthumous honour to Yuklen decreed Kungfutseu was an Emperor
to be so held In all rItes,
Drove out the taozers and hochang
yet for one eunuch, Hoal-ngan, one might forgive many
eunuchs
? Tho' they trIed a star chamber
and held It all of four years
tIll HIEN TSONG removed them another Lord seeking elixIr
seekIng the transmutatIon of metals seekmg a word to make change
HOAI of SUNG was nearly rurned by taozers HIEN of TANG died seeking ehxlr
and In '97 they made a law code
a bear walked mto PekIn unnoticed though they strafed the watch for allowmg It and there were 53 mIllIon folk m the EmpIre at trIbute average of five measures
of, say, 100 lbs each
c au TI of LEANG, HOEl-TSONG of SUNG were more than all other Emperors
Laoist and foelst, and came both to an evu end To hell wIth the pyramid
YAO and SHUN lIved WIthout any such monument TCHEOU KONG and Kungfutseu certaInly wd/ not have
ordered one
nor wIll It lengthen YR MAJESTY'S days
It WIll shorten the lIves of YR subjects
they WIll, many of 'em, dIe under new taxes:'
DIed HIAO TSONG aged 36, after peace and hIs 18 years
on the throne
And 8 bloody eunuchs conspIred WIth LIeu,
II d 1105
31 3
? thunderbolt fell, naturally, on the palace
From HONG VOU were an hundred and forty years
tIll now au TSONG, a minor,
and 140 would be tIll the MANCHU, new mongol And when Lleou-J. . . . ln the castrat Was artested they found 10 hIS bUIldIngs
gold bars 2 4 0 thousand, of about 1 0 tael each I 5 ffillhons 10 money
5 mtlhon bars SlIver, of about 50 tael each
2. measures of unset Jewels thus shakmg the Emperor's confidence
In I 512. came t bachelors men " that were horse thIeves DIed au TSONG the lazy
And the Empress chose CHI-TSONG successor
who was son (aine) of the second son of the Emperor
HIEN TSONG
he was a writer of verses,
In fact he saId he wdj lIke to reSIgn
and she (TCHANG CHI) told them to lay hold of Klang-pIng and they found In hIS cellarage
70 . 1 500 400 not to count
caskets of gold
thousand . 2. 00 caskets of SlIver caskets of mIxed
great plates, gold and stIver SIlk of the first grade, pearIs,
cut stones and Jewels
Came agaIn Mansour the tartar
and tartars saId they wanted a market for horses lap saIlors drove chInks to embargo
C no trade save WIth our reg1t'Jcoles'
And were five planets In the constellatIon of Yng-che
"d 1536 CHI-TSONG dId rItes at the MING tombs on Mt Tlen-cheou
]aps burnt the salt works at Hal men 314
? Oua-chl led troops agaInst them
who called themselves (wolves of our Lady J
And Japs feared only thIs lady Oua-eM PIrates almost took Fou-klen
? L VIII
NBU put order In Sun land, Nippon, In the begmnmg
Swhere were DAI ttll Shogun Jorltomo
These Dal were of heaven descended, so saYing Gods were their forebears Till the Shogun
or crown general put an end to Internal wars
And DAI were but reges sacrlficlolz after this tune
In MIaco, wIth formalItIes
wearIng gold-flowered robes
At each meal was a new clay dIsh for their service C Descended from Ten Seo DAISIN
that had reIgned for a mIllIon years'
All these lords say they are of heaven descended
and they ran mto debt to keep up appearance
they were there busy wIth SCIences, poetry, hIstory
danCIng, In Mlaco, and mUSIC, playIng at Jeu de paume and
escrune
wIth a garrIson to keep watch on 'em
and to keep 'em from InterferIng wIth bUSIness
So came a t butler to a person of quahty' MeSSIre Undertree
a slave, In Sa Mo a fish-vendor a stud-keeper,
that made war on Corea
and was called WAR GOD post mortem
And because of the hauteur of
Portagoose prelates, they drove the Xtlans out of Japan
ttl! were none of that sect m the Island
? ad 1578 And In the 5th moon of the 2. oth year of OUAN LI
with shIps new condItIoned
Messire Undertree went agamst the Lord Lipan bOOZIng kIng of Korea
of all things
? and four towns opened theIr gates to the Nlppons and he, Undertree, came to Plnyang the chIef CIty
destroyIng the royal tombs
and the Koreans ran yo"lIng to ChIna
seekIng help of the emperor OVAN LI At thIs tIme were t the pirates Incorporate'
Ku ching the ImperIal tutor saId I wa. s seduced
by Imposters
CHIN SONG had come aged 10 to the throne
And 00 t'other side was the question of horse fairs, and tartars of whom were Nutche or savage,
these traded at Kalyuen
and the other great hordes, Pe and Nan-koan
that were beyond the great wall fighting each other and the Nutche gave refuge to mongols
when the mongrels were drIven from ChIna by MING lords and they were so poor they were dnven to peddlIng
ginseng, beaver pelts horse haIr
and fur of martes zibbelloe
seven such hordes unIted, and clrave MING before them But N utche of N ankoen, nrst fought the wIld N utche
In the 4th year of Suen Te
They stopped paymg trIbute 1430 or thereabouts and a dIplomat saId to the Tartars
You have lost yrl market for gInseng you have lost horse faIrs
by fightIng each other
And on t'other SIde, was Undertree makIng war m Korea
and Pere RICCI brought a clock to the Emperor that was set In a tower
And Ku Tchang wasn't safe, even burled,
Court ladles m cabal, gangsters set to defame him
ttll hIS son hanged hnnself from the worry 3I 7
? And the eunuchs of TIentsin brought Pere MatllIeu to court where the RItes answered
Europe has no bonds wIth our empIre and never receIves our law
As to these Images, pIctures of god above and a vIrgIn
they have lIttle mtrInSlC worth Do gods rIse boneless to heaven that we shd/ belIeve your bag of theIr bones)
The Han Yu trIbunal therefore consIders It useless
to brIng such noveltIes Into tIle PALACE,
we consIder It 111 adVIsed, and are contrary
to receIvIng eIther these bones or pere MathIeu
The emperor CHIN TSONG receIved hun
ten thousand brave men, ten thousand desperate SIeges
lIke bells or a ghazel tleacherles, and romances,
and now the bull tanks dIdn't work
from the begInnIng of ChIna, great generals, faIthful adherents, To echo, desperate SIeges, sellouts
bloody reSIstance, and now the bull tanks dIdn't worh. SIeges from the begInnIng of tIme untIl now
SIeges, court treasons and lazlIless
AgaInst order, lao, bhud and lamas,
night clubs, empresses' relatIves, and hoang mIao, pOIsonIng lIfe WIth mirages, rUlnmg order, TO KALON And Tl Koen heard crIes from the forest
whence came the bull tanks
came great cars bUIlt lIke shIps fifteen feet hIgh
by a hundred, three decl\. ers
carrIed on great wheels of stone
drawn each by an hundred or mo. . . e hundred oxen But Tchu-ye and his men
made theIr sortIe
Cast petards that frIghtened the oxen,
318
? thereby v,. at C:lI S '" ere turned over and Tchu-ye's men slaughtered the slcgers
HOAI TSONG fell before tartars, 5 ly from Tsunhoa T. A. I TSONG of Manchu took them the law from China
forbad manchus marry thelr sIsters Yellow belt for the Emperor
red belt for the prIncess of blood Told all to cut off theIr pig tails
and south Mlng had to fear mOle from rottenness InsIde than from the Mancllu north and north east
LI koen viceroy had spent all this money, 110t payIng the troops
who turned bandIt
And the Lord of MANCHU wrote to the MING lord saYing
We took arms agaInst oppreSSIon
and fron"l fear of oppression
not that we WIsh to rule over you
When In Suen fou I met WIth YR officers
I sacrIficed on thIs oath, a blacl{ bull to earth a white horse to the SpIrIt of Heaven
although they were qUite subordinate officers I dId this from respect to YR PERSON
to show that we wanted peace
Whereto all my actIons have tended
I offered to extradIte crInllnals
to give back droves stolen
And to thIs offer I had no answer I don't mean no proper answer
I had no answer whatever
And Kong Yeou came to JOIn TAl TSONG
and Tal sent an hetmall to greet thIs Kong, rebel, who came WIth boats arms munItIons and furnIture,
an hundred thousand folk came WIth Kong Yeou
319
as peace oath
? And TAl TSONG said No taltars favoured of heaven have stayed boxed wIthIn theIr own customs
Moguls took letters from lamas I a free lord wIthout overlord
wIll adopt such law as I lIke, In my right to adopt It I take letters from ChIna
which IS not to say that I take orders from any man I take laws, but not orders
Thereafter he graded hIS officers Aba tehan, Maen tehan, Tlhah tchan
on mandarIn system
and four more Islands came to hIm
and he TAl set exams In the ChInese manner for 16 bachelors, first class
3I bachelors, seconds, and I 8I thIrds and he made a BerlItz, Manchu, chInese and mongul
and gave prIzes, and camped neAt year Kourbang tourha
Here Mongrels came to hIm, and thence Into China southward by gorges
the gorges of Ho-ehe near Ton,
and by Tal ehen gorge west of Taltong nammg Chensl as next place of muster
(TAI TSONG, son of TAl TSOU, ruling from Mougden)
162 5/35
Chose learnIng from Yao, Shun and Kungfutseu,
from Yu leader of waters
And 111 the seventh moon thIs monarch of Tartary commg near unto Suen-hoa-fou wrote to the governor
Your sovran treats me as enemy WIthout askIng what forces Iny actIon
you are, Indeed, subjects of a great realm
but the larger that empIre, the more shd/ It strIve toward peace If chIldren are cut off from parents
If WIves can not see thelr husbands
1? yr houses are devast and your rIches carrIed away
320
? thIS IS not of me but of mandarIns
Not I but yr/ emperor slaughters you
and yr/ overlords who take no care of yr/ people and count soldiers as nothIng
And toward the end of the 8th moon
Tengyun sent In dIspatches I have beaten the tartars
I have slaughtered great numbers Wluch he had not. Whereup T A l TSaNG wrote hIm I WIll send a thousand
to meet any ten thousand If you fear to rIsk that, send a thousand
I wIll meet them wIth an hundred
HopIng thIS WIll teach you not to lIe to your Emperor And after the next raId offered peace
And after vain waltmg an answer
HIS tartar folk agaIn asked hIm to be Emperor and he saId If the KIng of Corea accepts me Whereon the Tartars wrote the KIng of Korea
EIght ROYAL PRINCES OF MANCHU 18 great lords of our banners to the KIng of Corea As heaven appears to deSIre It
we accept our KIng to be Emperor haVIng begged hun to take thIS mandate
The Mogul prInces have JOIned us HONG VOU brought the land under one rule Before hIm the KIn were unIted
and after them was YUEN, entIrety
And the Mongols wrote to Corea
49 PRINCES MOGUL, to the KIng of Corea 200 years under MING
and now turn agamst them because of the crimes of their mandarIns
we Jom Manchu to make end of oppreSSIon The weakness of the Mtng troops, the faithlessness
321
of theIr commanders
? show that theIr MANDATE IS fallen
we now recognize TAl TSONG of MANCHU
Our blood In hIS service
For two years Vie have besought hIm to take IMPERIAL tItle Four hundred thousand Mogul, theIr qUIvers and arrows
are back of thIS
And Corea replIed In the negatIve And next year T AI TSONG took throne thIrd moon, 1635 anno domInI
Put the three races In office as moguls after Ghengis had not done
and contInued the raIdIng
round Peking, Into Shantung (galhce Chantong)
and Into Kiangnan, returnIng WIth plunder
Thus untIl Ousan InVIted them to put down the rebels
RIce was at one mark SlIver the measure In Kal fong
and human meat sold m market
LItse's gangsters over all Honan
Ll Sao weep, weep over Kalfong, Klentsong the bloody and Litse called hImself I:mperol
MIng troops were unpaId
Eunuchs devoured the taxes, the Prune mInIster
could not get hold of tl). em
And the castrats opened the gates of Pekm to rebels tIll HOEl dIed hung In hIS belt
and there was blood In t1e palace LI Sao, Ll Sao,
wrong never endIng Likoue faIthful to death, and then after
and In thIS day Ousan asked In the 11anchu TAl TSONG was dead these two years,
hiS brotrers ruhng as counsel Atrox MING, atrox finIS
the nine gates were 111 flame 322
? Manchu wIth Ousan put down many reLels Ousan offered to payoff these Manchu
who replIed then wIth courtesy
we came for Peace not for payment
came to brIng peace to the Empire 1Il Pekm they cried aUAN SOUl
a thousand, ten thousand years, A NOI elJen, ouan SOUl, Ousan, Ousan
peace maker Ousan, In the rIver, reeds, :flutes murmured Ousan
Brought peace Into ChIna, brought In the Manchu Lltse thought to gaIn Ousan,
roused Ousan and Ousan remembered hIs father
dead by the hand of Litse 'TaO' &5' EXEL
? LIX
E lIbro CHI-KING SIC censeo
D wrote the young MANCHU, CHUN reHI
less a work of the mInd than of affects '
brought forth from the Inner n'lture here sung m these odes
Urbanity In externals, V! rtU m Internals some In a high style for the rItes
some In humble,
for Emperors, for the people
all thIngs are here brought to preCISIons
that we shd/ learn our IntegrIty
that we shd/ attam our IntegrIty
Ut anlmum nostrum purget, ConfucIus alt, dlrlgatque ad lumen ratlonlS
per1? etuale effecto/
That this book keep us In due bounds of office
the norm
show what we shd/ take Into action,
what follow within and persIstently CHI KING ostendlt mCltatque VIr autem rectus et hbldlnls expers Ita domine servat
WIth faIth, never trIcky, obsequatur parentis nunquam deflectat
all order comes Into such norm
19Itur melS encomllS, therefor thIs preface
CHUN TCHI anna undeceslmo
(ad 1655)
perlplum, not as land looks on a map
but as sea bord seen by men sallIng
Now tarters In the murk night
sent great numbers of sOJers wIth lanthorns whIch they held up very hIgh
32. 4
? and thus spread lIght on proceedmgs causmg great fear In N ankmg
so the last mlngsters fled out by the Tcll1nklang road And the amnural put to sea thInkIng perhaps that
a few mInutes more resistance
wd/ be of no mortal use And on the tenth came an officer
to say that the port was In tartar hands But MILord the PrInce and hIs eatIng companIons were In no shape to take m the message
They weren't sober ttll the followIng lDldnlght whereon they skedaddled
And the Nankmgs set up a new emperor
And the order to off pIgtaIls stIffened resIstance
put new guts Into mlngsters
Kouel born to III fortune
no mmgster cd/ trust any other, cd/ agree wIth any SIX othels
utI11te pubhque, motIf trop eleve for VIle courtIers
and when the young MANCHU was 14 they gave hIm to
WIfe a mogul
and took In GalIleo's astronomy, chucked the mohametan
And there came a hong-mao or red-headed Dutchman And the portagoose to Macao
and they say that the Emperor CHUN TCHI died of sorrow, for the death of one of hIS queens
an officer's WIfe who had risen
And the four regents put eunuchs out of hIgh office a thousand purged out of palace
2nd a half ton block of Iron InscrIbed
Let there be no Eunuch In office hereafter And In '64 they putt out the Xtlans
Portageese were confined to Macao
Thus KANG HI 32 5
a J 1645
? who played the SpInet on Joh! 'nle Bach's bIrthday
do not exaggerate/ he at least played on some such mstrument and learned to pIck out several tunes (european)
and were demarked the hOlders of RussIa
wIth a portagoose and a frog prIest to Interpret
to whom each a robe brocaded wIth dragons
but not embroldeled
and short coats of martIn, satIn IInmg, gold buttons PereIra and Gerbilion
m1. de mandarms second order
And that embassy went out VIa Mt PaUCIty
and paId VISIt to the ho fo, the lama who dIes not
as he sat on a paIr of great Cusl110ns
one brocade and the other plaIn yellow who blessed them wIth tea and a luncheon
and In another room assez mal propre
sIngmg hIS prayers was anothel
and In yet another temple apartment another saId frankly he dIdn't see how he cd/ have lIved In another body before thIS and In any case had no such remembrance
but only the ho /o's word
and they went on toward the Hans of Kalkas where they got order to turn about and come home
was a war on between Eleutes and Kalkas
and to tell the Oros (the 0 Rosslans) to meet 'em at Sehnga or some other place on the frontIer
to determine frontiers
which they accomplIshed next year at Nlpchou
WIth these anlbassadors were a lot of domestics five thousand 800 sOJers
and a spot of artillery
who all passed the gt wall at Cha houkoen
And KANG walked to hiS grandmother's funeral a dJ. stance of 500 Iy from the capItal
326
? And thIs embassy was concernIng the Amur frontIer comIng from Petersburg
but we wanted our martIn sables, our huntIn'
that was on the north sIde of the Amur
where are mountaIns and great lakes In the valleys
Year 18th of KANG HI, under the 7th moon
was thIs treaty In latin With COpIes In tartar and mUSCovIte and the chll1ks swore by the god of Xtlans
thInkIng nothmg else wd/ have more force WIth the muscovltes C To spare further bloodshed on our frontIers
we here near the town of Nlpchou
swear peace solId, eternal state that boundary stones shall be set
Pray we to the GOD of all thIngs who seeth our hearts
that 1? any man here have reservatIon or plot hIS own profit
In VIolence to thiS treaty he die before he reach a rIpe age
So the e:lVoys
embraced to the musIc of Instruments
and the rhooslans (Oroslans) served a sort of lunch to the chInese ambassadors
conn. tures and three sorts of wme
VIntage of europe
and thIS was due to the frog and the portagoose
Gerblilon and PereIra
to Gerblllon In the most crItical moment
that he kept theIr tempers ttll they came to conclUSIon
? LX
O the Jesuits brought In astronomy S(Gahleo's, an heretIc's)
mUSIC and physIcs from Europe,
GrImaldI, Intorcetta, Verblest, Koupehn Subject of yr/ Majesty,
prescnbed of the trIbune of rItes
True that the Europeans have passed zealously many dangers and have brought us astronomy, and founded Cannon
whIch have served us In CIVIl wars,
and that one shd/ reward theIr serVIces In negotIatIng WIth
the ORoslans
They have not made any trouble
We permIt lamas, hochangs and taotses to go to
theIr churches It wdj seem unwarranted to forbid only these Europeans
to go to theIr temples We deem therefore that they be so permItted
mdiscrunmate to pray and burn perfumes
3rd day 2nd moon of the 3Ist year of liANG HI 17 grandees of the EmpIre, whereof eleven cabInet mInIsters
of thiS EMPEROR
Les peres GerbllIon, Fourteres, Bournat
took qUInIne to the palace, anno domIni 1693
Hence the JeSUIt church In Pek. 1n In the Hoang Tchang
that IS the palace enclosure And Feyenkop? In the Kaldan war
was fightIng Eleutes and Mohamedans and the Emperor shot S1X quaIl de suzte WIth SIX arrows
and sent the Crown PrInce an Eleute horse
saymg I don't know that chInese beal1 fodder WIll SUIt hIm HerewIth some Kalkas sheep for prIme mutton
yr affectIonate father KANG HI
32. 8
? Hoang Ho IS frozen In fact the Ortes country seems to be pretty much as we thought It In PekIn,
small hunan' qUIte pleasant, a lot of pheasants and hares pasturage excellent Hoang Ho fruz 112. a ft thIck
Ortes very orderly, have lost none of thelr mongol habits, theIr prmces In concord, no usury
Clever especially In lookIn' after their anImals,
clumsy bowmen, but hIt theIr mark
And General Feyenkopf wrote hIm
that the Eleutes had caved In
and KANG HI gave a fur cap to the envoy and hiS (KANG HI'S) horse sweat pInk
as In legend the horses of Taouen land, the Tien ma, or horses of heaven
and thiS horse m partIcular had been taken In the battle of Tchaomed
and they had a grand show In Pekin for next new year's Mongols, Kaldans and Eleutes
C It IS easy after thIS to be sure
that all lamas are traItors
Keep these prIsoners In separate rooms,
sold to the TIpa who IS a liar I have taken the sun 380 34'
I e one degree 2. 0 less here than m PekIn '
KANG HI Dogs bark only at strangers And at Pa1chen
KANG m was pleased wIth the pasture land, delayed hIS return to the capItal,
stayed stag-huntmg outsIde the great wall whue Kalda had grabbed Samarkand and
Bokara for the mohammeds 1699 peace year In all Tartary
GrImaldi, PereIra, Tony Thomas and GerbI110n sent In theIr placet SIC
European htteratl
? having heard that the ChInese rItes honour Kung-? u-tseu and offer sacrIfice to the Heaven etcJ
and that theIr ceremonIes are grounded In reason
now beg to know theIr true meaning and In partIcular the meanIng of terms for example MaterIal
Heaven and Changtl meanIng' Its ruler";) Does the manes of ConfucIus
accept the grain, fruIt, stlk, Incense offered
and does he enter hIs cartouche">
The European church wallahs wonder 1? thl~ can be reconcued And the archblsh of AntIoch spent a year In Canton
mousmg round but not comIng to PekIn
but was, next year, permItted,
MonseIgneur Maillard de Tournon
from C! enlens, papa (Number XI) the Klao Hoang and the Portagoose kIng sent an envoy
and they cured I(ANG HI WIth wine from the CanarIes
w'lch putt 'em up a Jot hIgher And too much rIce went to BatavIa
so our lord KANG layed an embargo (a bIt before Tommy Juffusun)s)
and a tsong-plng or second class mandarIn putt up a petItIon
AGAINST Europes and Xtlanlty That there had been nIne red boats Into Macao
Dutchmen, red-heads or Englanders
Japan, sez Tchmg mao, IS the only conSIderable kingdom
to east of us
and Japan kept peace even all through the great Mlng rebelhon Slam and TonkIn pay trIbute,
only danger to us IS from these Europeans
by Hong-mao I mean any nordIC barbarIan
there are Yenkell and Yntsa (meanm' froggtes) and Holans
all equally barbarous
33?
? I have knocked around at sea for some years and the Dutch are the worst of the lot of them,
porlik tlgurs,
theIr vessels stand any Wind and Calty a hundred cannon
1? ten of 'em get Into Canton
who knows what cd/ happen
I thInk we shdj stop thIs danger at source
or at least make 'em dIsarm before comIng Into our harbours or have 'em come In one at a tIme
or unlade In a fortress
They wormed mto Japan VIa ManIlla they have been
kIcked out but stIll try to get In agam
They spend money, gather the dregs of the people, make maps I don't know what they are up to
and that's not my prOVInce All I know IS they refuged In ManIlla
And now they are top dog In ManIlla
I rest my case In the trIbunals of En1plre trustIng that thIs bmd-weed wIll not be permItted
to root In and fortIfy Humbly to yr MAJESTY
Tching Mao, a sea captam Dug up edIct of '69
PERMIT only Verblest and hIS colleagues We vote to pardon all converts
provIded they pull down theIr churches, and agaIn May eleventh MISSIONARIES have well served In reformIng our
and In making us cannon
and they are therefore permItted to stay
and to practIce theIr own relIgIon but no chInese IS to get converted
and they are not to bUIld any churches
47 europeans have permIts
they may contmue theIr cult, and no others
331
mathematiCs
? Jesuits appealed that they be not confounded lVlth I>utchr. nen
Let stay, If wd/ promise never see Europe again vanous churches were levelled and
there came an embassy from PETER of Russia
172. 0
with cavalcade and drawn sabres
and a new bloke from the KIao-hoang of Roma
TIbet was brought under and '22. was a peace year
The Emp'r'r went huntIn' as usual
and tIger huntIn' In Haltse and dIed the 20th of thl~ month at 8 m the evenIng
C no DYNASTY has come In WIth such JustIce as ours has I have not wasted the treasures of empIre considermg them as the blood of the people
3 milhon a year on rIver embankments
I order that YONG TCHING succeed me
THOU SHALT NOT
lend money to sOJers Huntm' keeps manchu :fit
avoId the hot summer I n Pekm' He began taking trIpS Into Tartary
HIStory translated to manchu Set up board of translators Verblest, mathematIcs
PereIra professor of mUSIC, a treatIse In chInese and manchu Gerbillon and Bouvet, done In manchu
revIsed by the emperor as to questIons of style A dIgest of phIlosophy (manchu) and current
Reports on the memOlres des academIcs
des SCIences de ParIS
QUlnme, a laboratory set up m the palace
He ordered 'em to prepare a total anatomy, et qu'us velllerent a. la purete du langage
33. 2.
? et qu'on n'employat que des termes propres (namely CH'lng mmg)
En son Palals dlvers atehers
wanted the best European models
fer palntln' an' scuppchure, hts works In one hundred volumes wuz emperor KANG HI 61 years
from 1662.