Fox did not
himself suspect this fraud and forgery; since informs that “the Papists secretly and
that he had ever made such Recantation
had money, present him then, and not till then, with fifteen crowns, give the poor whom would, when was just going
die?
himself suspect this fraud and forgery; since informs that “the Papists secretly and
that he had ever made such Recantation
had money, present him then, and not till then, with fifteen crowns, give the poor whom would, when was just going
die?
Complete Collection of State Trials for Treason - v01
date, subscription under the archbishop's Librum Lectionum aufert Pontifex de grada hand, any witnesses that was written
tor, dicens:—In Ecclesia Deinon legas ulte him. The foregoing words indeed are these, rius, neq; cantes, neq; panes aut fructus no ‘the Form which Recantation, made the
vos ullatenus benedicas, quia tuum officium non implevisti fideliter & devote.
Degradatio ab ordine Hostiariatus. Claves Ecclesiae aufert Pontifex degradator, dicens:—Quia in clavibus errasti, claves dimitte,
& quia hostia cordis tui male daemonibus obse rasti, amovemus, a te officium hostiarii, ut non
perchtias cymbalum, non aperias Ecclesian, non sacrarium, non librum amplius prædicanti.
- Degradatio à prima Tonsura.
Superpellicium degradando extrahit Pontifex
degradator, dicens:–Autoritate Dei omnipo tentis, Patris, & Filii, & Spiritus Sancti, acqua
friars and doctors, whereto Cranmer subscribed, was this,' whereby appears that Mr. Fox believed Cranmer did subscribe this entire
form. Yet does add after the form itself,
fungimur in hac parte, tibi auferimus habitum Thomas Cranmer, with solemn subscription. clericalem, & nudamus te religionis ornatu, at Then followed the witnesses of this Recanta
que depomimus, degradamus, spoliamus & exui tion. Henry Sydal, and friar John Villa mus omni ordine, beneficio, & privilegio cleri Gacina. All this while Cranmer was no cali, & velut clericali professione indignum re certain assurance his life; although the same digimus te in servitutem & ignominiam habitus was faithfully promised him the doctors. secularis ac status. But after that they had their purpose, the rest
Eum forficibus tondere incipiat Pontifex de they committed
gradator, & per Barbitonsorem ibidem prosen men that religion
tem totaliter tonderi faciat caput degradandi, now gotten time
dicens:—Te velut ingratum filium a sorte Do ceived his Recantation very gladly; but her mini ad quam vocatus fueras abjicimus, & co purpose put him death she would nothing romain capitis regale quideum signum sacer. relent 813). Mr. Fox.
what makes subscribed put
probable did not believe himself, but that his name was
some those prelates and doctors who were then present. “This Recantation
the archbishop,' says Mr. Fox, ‘was not soon conceived but the doctors and prelates, with
out delay, caused the same imprinted, and set abroad mens hands. Whereunto, for better credit, first was added the name
adventure, became do. The queen having
revenge her old grief, re
tui
:' of to to
Si te
& de
it oror
(p. ;by I&
Soto far
to all
it
a in
to
a
it it
of
in
si
of
in
by
of
tui
in
totoof all ofhe
as
of of
as
be de
& ut
: in
p. I ac ă
hep. &
to it of ut
by ain
so
ofofhe byanin
845] STATE TRIALS, I MARY, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [846
A strange story this; that so solemn a Recan
tation of archbishop Cranmer, primate of
England, should published his own, with
out any other witnesses, than two such obscure
persons Henry Sydal, never, that know
afterward heard of, and friar John Villa Gar
cina, one brought from Spain pervert the this first part the present Recantation, and university Oxford Popery. —Now, nothing else.
this entire copy Recantation, seems indeed not impossible that might me consist two very different parts: the transcribe some copies this entire Recanta
first part, ending with “without which there no salvation,” such nature Cranmer might himself draw and sign, literally true and catholic his opinion: though must be confessed very capable popish sense also. The seconti part about six times
large and such Cranmer could not possibly draw up, nor subscribe, with truth,
any sense whatsoever. Which two parts are
tion, was proposed him the Papists; and those Papists might give out, what they much wished, that was disposed give his consent the whole; and might print and publish the way forgery, Cranmer's own Recantation which we shall see great evidence anon that they really did. And for his permission such copies abroad under his hand, might sorely repent him afterward: the words spoke that stake,
produced hereafter, would incline one
suppose. However, that never did either draw up, really sign this whole pretended Recantation before us, consenting thereto, the following Arguments will render highly
therefore accurately each other, and considered
distinguished from quite different stile and language
views. The former
very like that archbishop Cranmer's; but
the other quite different from The contents, which declare not only his readiness re nounce the errors other people, and cndeavour follow nothing but what was ori ginally true and sound doctrine, very agree able Cranmer also who left all the modern
notions, and most diligently searched into the New Testament, and the primitive writers, for true and pure christianity. (a) which search indeed had been along truly inde fatigable. This confession “one holy and catholic church' Cranmer's own declaration,
probable:
-
stake, and which he allowed, viz. that was express the true and undoubted Profession his Faith, that might take away suspi
cion from men; and that men might under stand that was catholic indeed. ” (p. 818. ) All which passages seem me belong
his Appeal from the pope General When his adversaries reproached him with Council this very time (p. 805): and his de recanting the stake his former Recantation,
claring visible Church confessed,
s was then the protestant notion; we learn
one the other martyr's confessions, and
Cranmer's stiling the, king head the visible
Church, his Answer Dr. Martin (p. 781)
and both about the very same time also. And as to the additional character of that Church
here, that “without,' “out there no
suppose, Cranmer might this time es
pecially since had hopes saving life
such subscription. He might also assure Dr. Cole, who was sent try whether abode
and thereby being guilty falshood and dissi mulation, answered, “Ah, my masters, do
not you take so. Always since lived hi therto have been hater falshood, and lover simplicity; and never before this time
have dissembled. ” 820). And his courage and boldness his confession, was one of the most eminent of all our Reformers.
He was ever one the most open and forward speakers and writers for the protestant religion against Popery others; appears through
whole history. Particularly, when first
perceived himself imminent danger under queen Mary, and her cruel ministers; and was
Salvation,'
take have been the common doctrine all that time, both Protestants and Papists, without exception. —And far,
his declared purpose, that “by God's grace
would daily more confirmed the catholic
faith,’ (p. 813) which catholic faith,
owned himself his death. He might
endeavour please the queen far, because persecution rising: but considering the station she, seems, insisted that “she would have he was in, and the hand had all the Cranmer catholic, else Cranmer
all,” that that his declaring himself ca
tholic, was absolutely necessary his life
and restoration; the friar informed him.
And this suppose was that Dr. Cole re
ferred to, when put Cranmer mind
some promise his, was geing the
(a) Burnet's Hist. Reformat, vol. 171. vol. 250,
changes that were made, thought in decent thing for him fly, that intreaties should ever persuade him it. ”(b) Bishop Ridley also, just before himself was burnt, “Expressed his great joy for what heard Cranmer's godly and fatherly constancy; whose integrity and uprightness, gravity and inno cence was known the whole nation. And
(b) Burnet, vol. 248.
The known Character abp. Cranmer for sincerity and courage, will not permit easily believe that ever he made such Recan
tation; much less that continued for about month five weeks together, the
present accounts imply. As his known sincerity, take his own words, spake them
his death, and which the general course and conduct his life bear witness be true.
some advised beyond sea; which other cases did not only approve of, but strongly recommend; bishop Burnet in
forms that said, “He would not dissuade others from that course, now that they saw
I
iii. it a of to
p. I
in itat all ;
as
of
he as
to beof
at
it
is isin of of a
be
as or he all
to
of in as a it. in is
of
at
byby
to
in
of,
all ofto
to ii. he
do
heof:
p.
he
no
it in as so he heto
as
I toheto
in a as it us
go to he it
of
ina tosoto
a
us
a
as is it,to it
to
to of
at to as by to ‘
go ofatof
all
of
i. his In a
as
in to p. to a
he
no so in
it
of ashe to a
is
tode ofasas it I
:sois he he in by
to
it as is toto
by his
at
to
to
1. be It
to
hehe of
to allof
or
of
fly in (p. tohe as of
he as of ofofhehe toall
in as
to is,ato ofIto toto of
be he
attotoor ;isupto
be he a is
of
be it is of
IofI
ina he
ithe
at of
or as
in
he ahe
all he
sł7] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARy, 1553. -Proceedings against Archbi hop Cranmer, [sts
he blessed God that had given, in his reverend and courageous abp. Crai, mer. Nor easily old age, such a man to be the witness of his accountable, how not much the Dean truth. For miserable and hard-hearted was Christ Church, with whom had lately lived
he, whom the godliness and constant confession nor any his canons; nor any
of so worthy, so grave, and so innocent a man the university Oxford where would not move to acknowledge and confess was well known, should appear his truth. "(c) See also Cranmer's large and least hand either this Conversion
solemn Appeal from the Pope to a General or Council, delivered in open court on Feb. 14, when he was degraded : which was but ten
days before the date of the writ ing, and fewer days before the time tended Recantation.
the heads was, and
have the Cranmer,
Bills Papers containing only few words, The tenor and stile of the first clauses little leaf paper, Mr. Fox himself de
this Recantation, are very different from scribes Which well agrees the first small the tenor and stile of the rest the former branch, which suppose have been really
oints are such also might, with strict truth, Cranmer's but not well this intire Re signed any Protestant Catholic Chris cantation, which about seven times long: tian but the latter such could signed, especially not made sort public instru with truth, none but thorough papist ment, and solemnly signed, with Cranmer's
both which differences have been already ob name, and attested two witnesses, pre
served.
This pretended Recantation has date
tended. Nor do the number of these Bills or
Papers written Cranmer, which were several Fox's and Cranmer's own testimonies; and
bishop Burnet truly observes and the
Copy Fox assures Which yet, such fewer than seventeen the testimony of
was
date.
The main parts this pretended Recan Of which many copies might soon be
tation least were drawn up, not Cranmer, written and dispersed him and which but certain papists not only clear might easily write and sign two copies on their contents, but expressly affirmed Mr. the morning was suffer, we are in Fox, these words, already quoted “The formed did; but not easily the larger
form which Recantation, made the friars and doctors, whereto Cranmer subscribed, was
this. ” Nor probable that the same
persons drew the first clauses this Re
cantation who drew the latter: they are with what Mr. Fox relates, happening the
every way unlike one another. Thomas Cranmer's name Fox
the end, his own subscription but beginning only; would naturally
very morning his execution, viz. that “Friar not at John, the witness the former Recantation,
the brought him Paper, with Articles: which Cranmer should openly profess his Recan
form proposed him. Accordingly we shall tation before the people; earnestly desiring soon find, that what agreed was sub him that would write the said Instrument, scribed him his Declaration his real with the Articles, with his own hand; and sign sentiments: but that this was no more than with his name. ” (p. 814). What occasion for the first branch the present form. But of this, they had attested Copy full these observations already. Recantation already printed and published,
What first moved me suspect this whole with his own hand subscribed thereto And matter, was the obscurity, and fewness, and stranger what follows Fox, that “He temper the principal only actors and wit did it. ” And that when the friar desired that
messes therein, Henry Sydal and friar John would write another copy thereof, which Villa Garcina. These two inconsiderable per should remain with him, that did that also.
sons, chiefly the friar (for we never afterward
meet with Henry Sydal this whole process,)
were, seems, able persuade the archbishop,
and that very few days time, such
Recantation, neither cardinal Pole, nor any hopes life and preferment, which hopes
the other bishops, learned doctors pre lates, during his two years and half's im prisonment, could do: and this with such argu ments, set down the Acts and Monuments,
were fitter affright ignorant and timo rous woman, than convince the very learned
(c) Burnet, vol 304.
were now almost gone; and Cranmer had now prepared himself recant any such Re
his Recantation no not so much as to
witnesses his signing All this seems me look very suspiciously.
What Cranmer really signed, was, not
his burn
this pre large and public Recantation but certain
nice cases, does not use form recantation proposed dated but real subscription certainly without such
be omitted. Sanders, all agree with
i.
instru
long
not ment Recantation, which his enemies printed
ought not and published name; but very well this very short bill paper the beginning
Recantation, the friar pretended.
This large Recantation, pretended
signed Cranmer, and published month
five weeks before his death, very agrees
This still more strange, when we re member, that was now month five weeks since his former Recantation was pretended have been made and signed him and that
cantation his death, 10. However,
Mr. Fox informs us. plainly incredible, that execution, Cran
the very morning
mer should write these two copies his large and full Recantation, and sign them with his own hand, the sense own mind; and
one
ii. p.
to
is a to aasor
as
at of is is he by of in
it a of as he in by as I to of
asof
to }. of
6. 5. 4. it,3. ; 2.
to toin
as
as to upit of as all
on
in
allit
orbe
he it.
noby
a tobe
an
by it
for
or
to is:in
bein by to no
a
so is bea by
it or of in by : of in as
ofby at
in as to by
to ittoup:ofus. as aninorhe as by
a de he
in a
by beA :
Q.
8.
7. inso
in to :
to ;
ofofby ;beof
of
itif he at ; of
it to is
is all an orhis by so as :
of toby a so of asto a so to
his
his in atby it. he
of
oftohe
is it
by
; or
as
as as of
:
of to to a is as
;
of as
to
to
ofto
in s
of: of
he
in
of a
ill a
of
as
it. or to
849] STATE TRIALS, I MARY, 1553–for Treason and Heresy. [850
yet, “At the very same time, secretly put what law did the queen sign such writ? another paper into his bosom, containing his And what law did the mayor and bailiffs Prayer for the stake, and Exhortation Oxford execute All ecclesiastical proceed the people; when designed declare his ings against heretics still allowing Recan abhorrence any thing like such Recan tation and doing penance, always sufficient tation:” which yet Mr. Fox's account for the offender's preservation. The constant this place. This too vile, and impious, and method, even queen, Mary's time, was this,
That such heretics must either turn before any coinn, Christian much less the most hand, burn; but farther. Nay, ex open-hearted, and sincere, and upright, and tensive was this practice then, that though the religious abp. Cranmer. Whether the two pretended heretics had been obstinate until
they came the very stake, (e) yet was there
the former clauses which had given pretended had.
15. Which demonstration still farther
confirmed, what bishop Burnet (f)found the Council Book itself, relating this pre tended Recantation: where we have this most
desperate, and jesuitical supposed
Papers that Cranmer said have transcribed and signed with his hand, the morning his
pardon ready for them that they would but there make Recan that this signing, and sending, and extant, and only signed true copy what executing the writ for the burning Cranmer, was proposed him, but had never con little less than demonstration that he had sented or, whether were more than never made such Recantation as friar John
execution, the earnest desire the Spanish
friar, contained the intire Recantation still tation.
out his real belief, cannot certainly deter
mine; but suspect they were these small clauses, and other. Although the friar,
who said have procured these copies, and perhaps some other the Papists also, were
authentic Account; that, the 13th very willing they should confounded. As March, (almost three weeks after the date
frequently stake,
indeed they have been most fatally confounded this very day.
11. This Spanish friar, the principal actor this whole tragedy, when Cranmer, the
expected
the Writ for burning Cranmer, obstinate heretic,) and eight days before was burnt,
the Privy-council were concerned when they heard Cranmer's Paper Recantation was printed. Rydall and Copland, two printers, were required deliver Cawood, the queen's printer, the Books his Itecantation, be
his pro but
stake, declared himself, according
mises, die the catholic faith
sense very different from what
raged, and foamed, and was almost out his burned him. ” Now since “the doctors and wits, always having this mouth, Non prelates,” Mr. Fox was informed, “caused fecisti Did'st thou not (p. 821). As this Recantation printed As also that, Cranmer did not then own the making such “the queen received that Recantation very
Recantation, had ascribed him. gladly:” this had been really true, how 12. Although Mr. Fox was made believe comes the queen's Privy-council dislike it? that the queen knew this full Recantation Nay, order the remaining copies this Re
Cranmer's, and received very gladly, and cantation itself delivered the queen's this before Feb. 24th, 1555, when she signed printer burnt Had the Privy-council
the Writ for his burning; that follow been satisfied that this Recantation was genu him have also supposed; yet does (d), bishop ine, this procedure seems not little absurd
Burnet find hard believe, that such Re and incredible.
much more likely that be burnt known
made him when the the Council ordered
and therefore sup forgery; and capable
cantation could
danger was remote
poses not done
sent down Oxford for his burning, directly they should believe Cranmer was become contrary Mr. Fox, Dr. Cole's Sermon thorough Roman Catholic, and yet was be his burning, and Sander's History. The burnt as an obstinate Protestant Heretic. reason this difficulty obvious but the 16. Dr. Cole, his Funeral Sermon, though foundation the difficulty only this, that supposes that Cranmer was become Ca Cranmer did make that Recantation. Which tholic, and would own himself
after the Writ was finally compassion and indignation
raising groundless the people; when
confess seems me not little incredible.
Catholic Faith, had declared clauses this Paper; which there
13. The very Writ for burning Cranmer
gives power burn him but ‘perti
naciously holding and defending' his heretical
opinions. Which seems authentic evi
dence that the court knew nothing that
large and full Recantation, the friar pretended
he had signed his presence, before the date but also most earnest defender of heretical of that writ for his execution.
14. Had this Recantation been known be
genuine that time, and made before the going out the writ for burning Cranmer,
(d) Burnet, vol. 300, 334,399. *OL. I.
with “having been not secret favourer only; opinions, even the end his life. ” Nor
the the first little rea son doubt but did really write, and really sign; yet does not pretend had made any
such full and particular Recantation hitherto. Nay, the contrary, then charges him
(e) See Burnet, vol. 302, 303. 307, 308. 312. 314. 318. 328. 331. 333. 337. 347.
364, 365.
(f) Burnet, vol. 249.
die
3
ii. p.
to is
till beto to ;
he
of it
of of Iit,it
is
is ; is
he
iii.
p. a
he
it is to
be of
to
ii. he p. of he
inof
to
of
to ais be ;
by it in as
be
as
a to to
as of
: toto ofa to
Ia
in
to
he
in
is
by
at
ofin to
it 2 isas
no
atto :
of to to
of oftosoit in to atonof
in toto
as
no to
he
a
of in at of if ;a
of of
all his he;
heno of be
to
Itoto by aonoftoby ifor
he as to to to i. as in It be to
aa
it
if as be all
by he
Soato
in
“
to aup:” asonis
as
is a toto hean of of in as of to a a
ina to a
to
at so
a
a
of of
of
he
his
no
would declare himself to be of at his death al
low us to suppose he had so long ago, and that very morning also, signed such an intire Recan tation.
17. There is still extant a Letter of Cardi
nal Pole's to Cranmer, of which you have some
account in bishop Burnet, which if it were sent
to him, as some think, (g) “a very little while
before his Execution,' as he informs us, is sufi without mercy,
cient evidence that then the Cardinal neither
knew nor expected the least Recantation from him.
much
*
851] STATE TRIALS, IMARy, 1553–Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [852
does the great and uncertain expectation of conceal from him, when went see him both Protestants and Papists what religion he Nay, Why did he, upon Cranmer's owning
18. We have not the least evidence, that I Dr. Cole, cry out, soon they perceived
Protestant, Martyrs queen Mary's reign did acknow “Stop the heretic's mouth, and take him ledge that Cranmer ever had made such Re away this History informs us? think cantation. They still reckon him one, nay have great reason suspect that this bar
usually the principal their glorious Martyrs, barity and haste and hurry sudden execu upon occasions. the papists also still tion was intended conceal somewhat which
reckon him among the notorious heretics. Of was not made public; and that was which we have many instances later than done purpose that sincere and honest Cran
know that any the Protestant Confessors Cranmer had declared himself
|.
which the Spanish Frier pretendet.
his death, and still without the least intimation mer's pretended Recantation, might still
believed real; and that the poor man might have opportunity clear his inno
cence any farther this matter. And indeed, one would almost wonder that Mr.
Fox did not
himself suspect this fraud and forgery; since informs that “the Papists secretly and
that he had ever made such Recantation
had money, present him then, and not till then, with fifteen crowns, give the poor whom would, when was just going
die? Why did the Spanish friar attempt
get two copies Recantation under Cran mer's hand the very same morning And all
this without any intimation that immediately Why was
was die left destitute,
one friend faithful wit
support advise him,
him And why did some the Papists, particularly this
ness what was then said done
any them. Which intire silence both arties no small evidence that was not then
had made that real Recantation,
Mr. Fox was in sorely repented
19. Cranmer himself, formed, when the stake some small “bills,
ever made this real Recantation, charged upon uttermost him the Spanish friar. For Mr. Fox as Sentence
sures us, that when that time his enemies N.
ceased not object unto him his falshood and posed only pretended one, and forgery dissimulation, because, after all, died zea the papists. For this was not the first time lous Protestant, answered that accusa that Cranmer was scandalized this manner. tion, the words already set down. “Ah! We find that bishop Bonner (i) himself believ my masters, quoth he, Do not you take so. was become very humble the begin Always, since lived hitherto,
hater falshood, and lover
and never before this time have
Which very agrees with what the Friar pre
tended, that had continued the grossest
hypocrisy and falshood for four five weeks
together, ever since made that intire Rccan tation.
papers, which had sent abroad, which
slightly suborned certain men, which when writing they could not expugn him arguments and
owns he truth which thought with his heart, and wrote for
disputation, should intreaty, and fair pro mises, any other means allure him Re cantation. That the wily Papists flocked about
had written with his hand, contrary
fear death, and save his life, night be, him, with threatening, flattering, intreating, since his Degradation, wherein had written and promising, and other means, especially many things untrue,” (p. 820,) yet did he, Henry Sydal, and Friar John, Spaniard the same time, almost directly deny that had Villa Garcina, the end drive him the
20. there were not here some knavery
forgery the case, why was not the queen's cantation before may possibly old resolution (h) have him burnt notified these early rumours. For Sanders affirms
him few days, however several hours, be that (1) Cranmer feigned himself catholic, fore was die? Why was Dr. Cole who and signed his retractation seventeen times had been before appointed preach his Fune with his own hand, before his condemnation. ral Sermon March 21st, obliged keep Whereas this form the owns himself be the day silent Why did the same Dr. Cole, late archbishop Canterbury only which
the very morning Cranmer was
(g) Burnet, vol. 244. (h) See Fox, 608, 009, 670.
die, still
(i) Burnet, vol. 248.
(k) Burnet, vol. 249. (l) Ibid, 399,
their possibility from his former Recantation. ” 811).
This Recantation may well sup
have been ning queen Mary's reign, and ‘ready sub simplicity; mit himself things, without any real
dissembled. ”
foundation. We find also, about the same time, the report was current that had himself consented set the mass Can terbury, and that had undertaken sing mass before the queen (k), that was obliged vindicate himself public paper, still extant. Nay the main parts this Re
*
,
p.
p.
or to
to
of
iii.
he
at
Asof do
p.
of
in
to
nobe be
of
or of a
ii. ii. p. p.
all
by
so
to
or
as
hea *onto
inIf
of heill I
in
by
of
is of
all
of,
;
atin a be a
abyhe to
to
heor
a to in a
in
atoof ustoto
he
to
a
a asof he usas
he to at he to
be to
to it be
allI
to
toto he:
in
I ofI
tohe
heif it
it
a
or as he
it
toor a at
to he
he at
in
he
he he
as
of
all
or
he
to B. or fit as or it
us heto all so
in
to as to
ed ofhe
we on :’
no
up
a aaas
in
(p. to by to for asbehe
of
de
to
in
or or to
heto he 2 to to
to
853] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [854
would never have allowed till after Feb. 14th, mer's own hand But that was ever proved 1555-6, when he was degraded : as the such, saith not. Nor easily be other evidence already produced does also as lieve Cranmer would ever sign such gross, sure us. They who have mind compare and tedious, and wild Recantation this
one popish forgery with another, may look What Recantation Cranmer owned the Mr. Fox, and there find such another Recant stake, and repented was not the signing ation, ascribed the famous lord Cobham, one two large open Recantations; but,
the days Henry 5th (m). Ouly with this we have seen already, and honest Roman difference, that the lord Cobham's Recanta catholic there present gives the Account
tion seems never have been much as seen set down presently, Setting forth writings
him which we cannot certainly say contrary the truth. Things written with this ascribed abp. Cranmer; though both, hand contrary the truth. All such Bills suppose, equally spurious and jesuitical forge which had written signed with his own
les. hand contrary the truth, since his degrada
not here quite unworthy our remark, tion: Wherein had written many things that Cranmer's peculiar punishment burning untrue. ” Which small bills excellently well his right hand, before the rest his body; that agree with the five suspicious small bulls, set right hand which wrote the several Bills Pa down Mr. Fox and Mr. Strype, said Mr. pers whereby gave occasion the report Fox ‘contain only few words, little that he had made real and intire Recanta leaf paper,' but very with one two
tion; seems more accountable the supposi other pretended full and large and express Re tion that was rather the many Bills Papers cantations the protestant religion. And he had incautiously written transcribed with what makes this somewhat the more probable his right hand; than any one two full Re this; that immediately adds, the stake, cantations, which had wickedly consented retractation the worst thing those with his mind, which occasioned that unusual little bills: when
experiment signal detestation. And
any suppose that the consumption, first
right hand, and then the rest his body Whose supremacy yet, owned king,
the fire, while yet his heart, agree, re mained unburnt, was extraordinary, and provi dential; the natural consequence that while his right hand was, after sort, guilty, writing; yet was not his heart, the emblem
queen, and parliament least, not farther, he had owned and submitted himself
pope refused him, his Antichrist, with
The very publishers those four other ungodly Recantation. WILL. Whistox. short Bills ltecantations own, that one of
his mind, properly guilty consenting any
Lyndon, Rutland, Oct. 27, 1732. them, which yet was not worded worse than
PostScro IPT.
the rest, nor was properly any Recantation
the protestant religion all, was soon after re
This was written me before the date tracted himself again, and recalled which ready set down. Nor have altered any thing plainly proves, that when Cranmer was trying
which then wrote; but print now exactly according the original copy. What am now add, with relation the accounts this matter given Mr. Strype, his Me
certain these Concessions Papers like some sort Recantations, whether could save his life, without renouncing the protestant
more than one
mentioned. ever signed.
those five short bills before
Which are suppose that -
religion, his conscience was tender, that Archbishop Cranmer, 383,389, retracted one of those small and modest Con
morials
and the 3d vol. of his Ecclesiastical Memo
rials, 232, 238, which had not seen when wrote the foregoing Paper. Which two
cessions Retractations again and that was almost impossible for him the same time sign either those long and horrible Recantations that his enemies published for him.
Mr. Strype himself, who believed that Cranmer did thus several times openly recant the protestant religion, confesses that the pa pists did print forged Account what Cran mer spake his Execution, and compares
two columns, “What was have spoken, and what the papists gave out (in print falsely) did speak; and what spake in deed; As was hundreds witnesses present notoriously known (o). That they published
print these writings the archbishop, bear
ing this title. “Ail the subscriptions and recan tations Thomas Cranmer, late archbishop Canterbury, truly set forth both Latin and
(n) Mem, Cranmer, 388. (v) Eccl. Mem. 237,238.
Memorials seem me for the same suspicion. observe
afford farther grounds
For we may thence - --
That the five other copies Cranmer's Recantations, given Mr. Strype, four
them are very short, and very like the first branch of the Recantation before us: and
might generally Cranmer's own drawing up, and might signed him like the other, not much against his own opinion yet very capable popish sense also. But the
last not only very long, but very different from the rest; and indeed very like the grossest forgery. Yet does Mr. Strype assure us, his Ecclesiastical Memorials, ‘That this was said written and subscribed Cran
(m) See 249. the present volume.
says, that “as for the Christ's enemy, and his false doctrine (n)”
p. be of
of a
of bebetous
isto
or to
of ahe toto
*
p.
p.
of
to to :' he
of
by
of of all he
by
it or of
inis 1. in
Itby is
all to
; p. toI of
it :
;
I tois,
all
of he of
at
at as
a
or “ of,
of us
by toI
by by . . . of he of
by so
I in
to aasor
a
it allof or on ofof so
as of p. in of to to
or
in by ais to
of of I of al ofin byif
Iof inin
4.
to
3.
2. be a or heof he
ofhe orby
he
to
at
ofof
he
ofto by
or
ofall as
so I as
it inheat at do
toof:or if an in
as I a
a he : by all in
to oraby toat
of in ithe ofhein
is. his be as
ill
It
to
s55] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553–Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [856
English; agreeably to the originals, and sub think there was none that pitied not his case, scribed with his own hand. Visum & Erami and bewailed his fortune, and feared not his own
natum per Reverendum Patrem & Dominum
D. Edmundum Episcop. Londinensem. ” And
adds, that this profligate bishop Bonner, to
serve an end, prostituted his faith and credit, prived his estate, adjudged die, and
by testifying a thing so notoriously known to ainful death end his life. have no de
be quite otherwise, in relation to the archbi ight increase
shop's last speech before mentioned. ” He also self, that ever
adds, at the conclusion of the first column, that man, and man
“this grievous said printed Lon “But come
don, Cawood, the queen's printer: Cum last, being the 21st March, was his day ap privilegio, ann. 1556. ” And the conclu pointed die. And because the morning was sion the second column adds likewise, much rainy, the Sermon appointed Mr. Dr. that “Cranmer would have spoken the sa Cole made the Stake, was made St. crament, and the papacy: but that they bad Mary's Church. Whither Dr. Cranmer was
may known and prevail with man kind. WILL. WHISTON.
London, March 1735-6.
MR. STRYPE's Account ARchbishop CRAN
upon judge, which was the entry all the inconveniencies that followed. Yet that
excused him, that thought did not malice, but the persuasions and advice
certain Learned Men. Another was, that he
had been the great setter forth this Heresy received into the Church this last time; had
MER's DEATH. Memorials, MR. STRYPE having printed
Account Cranmer's Death, certain grave person unknown,
him, but papist, who was
witness, and related these matters,
very justly, Letter from Oxon
shall here re-print verbatim. And recom: mitted for example-sake. Other causes he
mend the Christian reader's serious perusal alledged, but these were the chief, why was and consideration. - not thought good pardon him. Other causes “But that know for our great friendship, beside, said, moved the queen, and the
and long-continued love, you look even duty, that should signify you the truth
council thereto, which were not meet and con venient for every one understand them.
such things here chanceth among
would not this time have written
unfortunate end, and doubtful tragedy
late bishop Canterbury: because
pleasure take beholding such heavy sights. And when they are once overpassed, like not
384.
remarkable the words
written had disputed, had even to the last hour: and that
continued
had never
chance, see noble prelate, grave counsellor, long-continued honour, after many dignities, his old years de
him down. ’” If brought the mayor and aldermen, and my suspect fraud and lord Williams. With whom came divers gen
“Stop his mouth and
here not great reason
knavery this whole matter, am much mis tlemen the shire, Bridges, John taken. See the like tricking and roguery Browne, and others. Where was prepared about Recantation used the papists, over against the pulpit, high place for him, that learned and excellent person Angelus Me that the people might see him. And when rula; till length they were going burn had ascended kneeled down and pray
him his old age; but that fell down dead ed, weeping tenderly: which moved the stake, before the fire was kindled. Of number tears, that had conceived
which we have full Account Gerard hope his Conversion and Repentance.
Brandt's History the Reformation, the “Then Mr. Cole began his Sermon.
Low Countries. Which also well worth the sum whereof was this. First, He declared
perusal the inquisitive reader upon this oc causes, why was expedient, that should casion. —Nor have published this Paper, suffer, notwithstanding his reconciliation. The which very remote from my general course chief are these, One was, for that had been
stiles
eye and ear been seen this realm, (but
Alas, too much heavy case should betide
deserve
the matter: Saturday
the time of long, hath Friend, been pardoned and that was not re
seems, Schism) that any man continuing
“The second Part touched the audience, you the how they should consider this thing That they should hereby take example fear God; and
little that there was power against the Lord having before their eyes man high de
gree, sometime one the chiefest prelates
though former life, and wretched end, de time man, might thought, greatest serves greater misery any greater might assurance, king his side; notwithstanding have changed, than chanced unto him) yet set. his authority and defence debased
ting aside offences God and country,
*nd beholding the man without faults, (p) See No. 28.
rehearse them again; being but renewing
my woe, and doubling my grief. For council, the second peer the realm long
the Church, archbishop, the chief the
great assured
study and enquiries,
demonstrative evidence; for suspicion: and
pretending great cause this alteration this realm but strong reasons England. And when the matter the order set more pro Divorce, between king Henry 8th, and queen
per persons upon farther researches being Catherine (p), was commenced the court still desirous that what really true and right Rome, having nothing with set
The
to
of
is
as
hishis
aItoof Iof
to a asas p.
in
of
all
of he
of a
he
so
a
it
his to a of
of
(if
is
to
to be
a
he
in in it,
:a
it, ashe
of to
all
to
of by be to
to a of
to to
ofto of Ia
of at
be is inabeofby
his atIin
in
T.
I al C. "Iof
in
iof by a
it 3,inIof
lie is
of I a as
at
as an
of no to
:
by
of
all it, at
bea in
he
anT. a a A. it. it
of beinso:
in
soit he inhe an
to
all doin
of to
he sir of
to it.
in
to
isto I
us :
to
he byI to
an
in
to to
heat
hisit he of
all :
at all to
in
at
it in
of to
ofto heasir*
of it be of :
it intoit,
of in
of inbe toitso
it, of
of
a
it
of toso to soso
to
byon toso
857] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553. —for Treason and Heresy. [858
from an high estate to a low degree; of a coun self, could best devise for mine own com sellor to be a caitiff; and to be set in so wretch fort, and say the prayer, word for word,
ed estate, that the poorest wretch would not have here written it. ’ And he read stand change conditions with him. ing: and after kneeled down, and said the
“The last and end appertained unto him. Lord's Prayer; and the people their Whom he comforted and encouraged to take knees devoutly praying with him. His Prayer
his death well, by many places of Scripture.
And with these, and such, bidding him nothing
was thus: “‘
Father
- heaven;
Son God
mistrust but he should incontinently receive redeemer the world; Holy Ghost, pro
that the thief did : To whom Christ said, Hodie ‘ceeding from them both, three persons and mecum eris in Paradiso. And out of St. Paul one God, have mercy upon me most wretch
armed him against the terrors of the fire, by ‘ed caitif, and miserable sinner. who have this ; Dominus fidelis est: Non sinct vos tentari offended both heaven and earth, and more ultra quam ferre potestis: By the example of “grievously than any tongue can express, whi the three children; to, whom God made the ‘ther then may go, whither should
flame seem like a pleasant dew. . He added
hereunto the rejoicing of St. Andrew in his
cross; the patience of St. Laurence on the
fire: ascertaining him, that God, if he called
on him, and to such as die in his faith, either
will abate the fury of the flame, or give him succour. To thee therefore do run. To strength to abide He glorified God much
his conversion; because appeared only
his work declaring what travel and conference had been used with him convert
‘Son, thou wast not made man, this great mys him, and prevailed not, until pleased God tery was not wrought, for few small
“for succour? To heaven may ashamed
“to lift mine eyes; and earth find re
“fuge. What shall then do? shall despair?
“God forbid. good God, thou art merciful, ‘and refuseth none that come unto thee for
‘thee humble myself: saying, Lord “God, my sins great, but yet have mercy upon me for thy great mercy. God the
his mercy reclaim him, and call him home. “fences. Nor thou didst not give thy Son
discoursing which place, much com
mended Cranmer, and qualified his former doing.
‘unto death, God the Father, for our little
and small sins only, but for the greatest sins of the world: that the sinner return
“And had almost forgotten that Mr. Cole promised him, that prayed for every church
tell you, ‘unto thee with penitent heart; here
“at this present. Wherefore have mercy upon ‘me, Lord, whose property always have
‘mercy. For although my sins great, yet spake the priests present say mass for ‘thy mercy greater. crave nothing,
his soul. Lord, for mine own merits, but for thy name's “When he had ended his Sermon, de “sake, that may glorified thereby: And
sired the people pray him Mr. Cran for thy dear Son Jesus Christ's sake. And mer kneeling down with them, and praying for now therefore, Our Father, which art himself. think there was never such num heaven, &c. "
ber earnestly praying together. For they, “Then rising, said, “Every man desireth, that hated him before, now loved him for his ‘good people, the time their death, give conversion, and hope continuance. They “some good exhortation, that other may remem that loved him before could not suddenly hate ‘ber after their deaths, and the better there him, having hope his confession again his
should have mass and Dirige sung for him; and
fall. love and hope encreased devotion every
‘by. beseech God grant me grace, that may speak something this my departing,
“I side. shall not
First,
glorified, and you edi
Sermon, nance, his heavy chear, his face bedeved with
need,
describe his behaviour, his sorrowful counte ‘many folks
heavy see, case
tears; sometime lifting his eyes hope, sometime casting them down
that much doted upon the love this false world, and careful for that
for shame;
brief, image
sorrow
his eyes
the dolor plenty
his heart bursting out
for the time
‘fied.
should Oxford, and
heaven the earth
therefore. This shall my first exhortation. ‘That you set not over-much this false tears: retaining ever quiet and “glossing world, but upon God and the world grave behaviour. Which increased the pity ‘to come. And learn know what this les men's hearts, that they unfeignedly loved him, ‘son meaneth, which St.
tor, dicens:—In Ecclesia Deinon legas ulte him. The foregoing words indeed are these, rius, neq; cantes, neq; panes aut fructus no ‘the Form which Recantation, made the
vos ullatenus benedicas, quia tuum officium non implevisti fideliter & devote.
Degradatio ab ordine Hostiariatus. Claves Ecclesiae aufert Pontifex degradator, dicens:—Quia in clavibus errasti, claves dimitte,
& quia hostia cordis tui male daemonibus obse rasti, amovemus, a te officium hostiarii, ut non
perchtias cymbalum, non aperias Ecclesian, non sacrarium, non librum amplius prædicanti.
- Degradatio à prima Tonsura.
Superpellicium degradando extrahit Pontifex
degradator, dicens:–Autoritate Dei omnipo tentis, Patris, & Filii, & Spiritus Sancti, acqua
friars and doctors, whereto Cranmer subscribed, was this,' whereby appears that Mr. Fox believed Cranmer did subscribe this entire
form. Yet does add after the form itself,
fungimur in hac parte, tibi auferimus habitum Thomas Cranmer, with solemn subscription. clericalem, & nudamus te religionis ornatu, at Then followed the witnesses of this Recanta
que depomimus, degradamus, spoliamus & exui tion. Henry Sydal, and friar John Villa mus omni ordine, beneficio, & privilegio cleri Gacina. All this while Cranmer was no cali, & velut clericali professione indignum re certain assurance his life; although the same digimus te in servitutem & ignominiam habitus was faithfully promised him the doctors. secularis ac status. But after that they had their purpose, the rest
Eum forficibus tondere incipiat Pontifex de they committed
gradator, & per Barbitonsorem ibidem prosen men that religion
tem totaliter tonderi faciat caput degradandi, now gotten time
dicens:—Te velut ingratum filium a sorte Do ceived his Recantation very gladly; but her mini ad quam vocatus fueras abjicimus, & co purpose put him death she would nothing romain capitis regale quideum signum sacer. relent 813). Mr. Fox.
what makes subscribed put
probable did not believe himself, but that his name was
some those prelates and doctors who were then present. “This Recantation
the archbishop,' says Mr. Fox, ‘was not soon conceived but the doctors and prelates, with
out delay, caused the same imprinted, and set abroad mens hands. Whereunto, for better credit, first was added the name
adventure, became do. The queen having
revenge her old grief, re
tui
:' of to to
Si te
& de
it oror
(p. ;by I&
Soto far
to all
it
a in
to
a
it it
of
in
si
of
in
by
of
tui
in
totoof all ofhe
as
of of
as
be de
& ut
: in
p. I ac ă
hep. &
to it of ut
by ain
so
ofofhe byanin
845] STATE TRIALS, I MARY, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [846
A strange story this; that so solemn a Recan
tation of archbishop Cranmer, primate of
England, should published his own, with
out any other witnesses, than two such obscure
persons Henry Sydal, never, that know
afterward heard of, and friar John Villa Gar
cina, one brought from Spain pervert the this first part the present Recantation, and university Oxford Popery. —Now, nothing else.
this entire copy Recantation, seems indeed not impossible that might me consist two very different parts: the transcribe some copies this entire Recanta
first part, ending with “without which there no salvation,” such nature Cranmer might himself draw and sign, literally true and catholic his opinion: though must be confessed very capable popish sense also. The seconti part about six times
large and such Cranmer could not possibly draw up, nor subscribe, with truth,
any sense whatsoever. Which two parts are
tion, was proposed him the Papists; and those Papists might give out, what they much wished, that was disposed give his consent the whole; and might print and publish the way forgery, Cranmer's own Recantation which we shall see great evidence anon that they really did. And for his permission such copies abroad under his hand, might sorely repent him afterward: the words spoke that stake,
produced hereafter, would incline one
suppose. However, that never did either draw up, really sign this whole pretended Recantation before us, consenting thereto, the following Arguments will render highly
therefore accurately each other, and considered
distinguished from quite different stile and language
views. The former
very like that archbishop Cranmer's; but
the other quite different from The contents, which declare not only his readiness re nounce the errors other people, and cndeavour follow nothing but what was ori ginally true and sound doctrine, very agree able Cranmer also who left all the modern
notions, and most diligently searched into the New Testament, and the primitive writers, for true and pure christianity. (a) which search indeed had been along truly inde fatigable. This confession “one holy and catholic church' Cranmer's own declaration,
probable:
-
stake, and which he allowed, viz. that was express the true and undoubted Profession his Faith, that might take away suspi
cion from men; and that men might under stand that was catholic indeed. ” (p. 818. ) All which passages seem me belong
his Appeal from the pope General When his adversaries reproached him with Council this very time (p. 805): and his de recanting the stake his former Recantation,
claring visible Church confessed,
s was then the protestant notion; we learn
one the other martyr's confessions, and
Cranmer's stiling the, king head the visible
Church, his Answer Dr. Martin (p. 781)
and both about the very same time also. And as to the additional character of that Church
here, that “without,' “out there no
suppose, Cranmer might this time es
pecially since had hopes saving life
such subscription. He might also assure Dr. Cole, who was sent try whether abode
and thereby being guilty falshood and dissi mulation, answered, “Ah, my masters, do
not you take so. Always since lived hi therto have been hater falshood, and lover simplicity; and never before this time
have dissembled. ” 820). And his courage and boldness his confession, was one of the most eminent of all our Reformers.
He was ever one the most open and forward speakers and writers for the protestant religion against Popery others; appears through
whole history. Particularly, when first
perceived himself imminent danger under queen Mary, and her cruel ministers; and was
Salvation,'
take have been the common doctrine all that time, both Protestants and Papists, without exception. —And far,
his declared purpose, that “by God's grace
would daily more confirmed the catholic
faith,’ (p. 813) which catholic faith,
owned himself his death. He might
endeavour please the queen far, because persecution rising: but considering the station she, seems, insisted that “she would have he was in, and the hand had all the Cranmer catholic, else Cranmer
all,” that that his declaring himself ca
tholic, was absolutely necessary his life
and restoration; the friar informed him.
And this suppose was that Dr. Cole re
ferred to, when put Cranmer mind
some promise his, was geing the
(a) Burnet's Hist. Reformat, vol. 171. vol. 250,
changes that were made, thought in decent thing for him fly, that intreaties should ever persuade him it. ”(b) Bishop Ridley also, just before himself was burnt, “Expressed his great joy for what heard Cranmer's godly and fatherly constancy; whose integrity and uprightness, gravity and inno cence was known the whole nation. And
(b) Burnet, vol. 248.
The known Character abp. Cranmer for sincerity and courage, will not permit easily believe that ever he made such Recan
tation; much less that continued for about month five weeks together, the
present accounts imply. As his known sincerity, take his own words, spake them
his death, and which the general course and conduct his life bear witness be true.
some advised beyond sea; which other cases did not only approve of, but strongly recommend; bishop Burnet in
forms that said, “He would not dissuade others from that course, now that they saw
I
iii. it a of to
p. I
in itat all ;
as
of
he as
to beof
at
it
is isin of of a
be
as or he all
to
of in as a it. in is
of
at
byby
to
in
of,
all ofto
to ii. he
do
heof:
p.
he
no
it in as so he heto
as
I toheto
in a as it us
go to he it
of
ina tosoto
a
us
a
as is it,to it
to
to of
at to as by to ‘
go ofatof
all
of
i. his In a
as
in to p. to a
he
no so in
it
of ashe to a
is
tode ofasas it I
:sois he he in by
to
it as is toto
by his
at
to
to
1. be It
to
hehe of
to allof
or
of
fly in (p. tohe as of
he as of ofofhehe toall
in as
to is,ato ofIto toto of
be he
attotoor ;isupto
be he a is
of
be it is of
IofI
ina he
ithe
at of
or as
in
he ahe
all he
sł7] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARy, 1553. -Proceedings against Archbi hop Cranmer, [sts
he blessed God that had given, in his reverend and courageous abp. Crai, mer. Nor easily old age, such a man to be the witness of his accountable, how not much the Dean truth. For miserable and hard-hearted was Christ Church, with whom had lately lived
he, whom the godliness and constant confession nor any his canons; nor any
of so worthy, so grave, and so innocent a man the university Oxford where would not move to acknowledge and confess was well known, should appear his truth. "(c) See also Cranmer's large and least hand either this Conversion
solemn Appeal from the Pope to a General or Council, delivered in open court on Feb. 14, when he was degraded : which was but ten
days before the date of the writ ing, and fewer days before the time tended Recantation.
the heads was, and
have the Cranmer,
Bills Papers containing only few words, The tenor and stile of the first clauses little leaf paper, Mr. Fox himself de
this Recantation, are very different from scribes Which well agrees the first small the tenor and stile of the rest the former branch, which suppose have been really
oints are such also might, with strict truth, Cranmer's but not well this intire Re signed any Protestant Catholic Chris cantation, which about seven times long: tian but the latter such could signed, especially not made sort public instru with truth, none but thorough papist ment, and solemnly signed, with Cranmer's
both which differences have been already ob name, and attested two witnesses, pre
served.
This pretended Recantation has date
tended. Nor do the number of these Bills or
Papers written Cranmer, which were several Fox's and Cranmer's own testimonies; and
bishop Burnet truly observes and the
Copy Fox assures Which yet, such fewer than seventeen the testimony of
was
date.
The main parts this pretended Recan Of which many copies might soon be
tation least were drawn up, not Cranmer, written and dispersed him and which but certain papists not only clear might easily write and sign two copies on their contents, but expressly affirmed Mr. the morning was suffer, we are in Fox, these words, already quoted “The formed did; but not easily the larger
form which Recantation, made the friars and doctors, whereto Cranmer subscribed, was
this. ” Nor probable that the same
persons drew the first clauses this Re
cantation who drew the latter: they are with what Mr. Fox relates, happening the
every way unlike one another. Thomas Cranmer's name Fox
the end, his own subscription but beginning only; would naturally
very morning his execution, viz. that “Friar not at John, the witness the former Recantation,
the brought him Paper, with Articles: which Cranmer should openly profess his Recan
form proposed him. Accordingly we shall tation before the people; earnestly desiring soon find, that what agreed was sub him that would write the said Instrument, scribed him his Declaration his real with the Articles, with his own hand; and sign sentiments: but that this was no more than with his name. ” (p. 814). What occasion for the first branch the present form. But of this, they had attested Copy full these observations already. Recantation already printed and published,
What first moved me suspect this whole with his own hand subscribed thereto And matter, was the obscurity, and fewness, and stranger what follows Fox, that “He temper the principal only actors and wit did it. ” And that when the friar desired that
messes therein, Henry Sydal and friar John would write another copy thereof, which Villa Garcina. These two inconsiderable per should remain with him, that did that also.
sons, chiefly the friar (for we never afterward
meet with Henry Sydal this whole process,)
were, seems, able persuade the archbishop,
and that very few days time, such
Recantation, neither cardinal Pole, nor any hopes life and preferment, which hopes
the other bishops, learned doctors pre lates, during his two years and half's im prisonment, could do: and this with such argu ments, set down the Acts and Monuments,
were fitter affright ignorant and timo rous woman, than convince the very learned
(c) Burnet, vol 304.
were now almost gone; and Cranmer had now prepared himself recant any such Re
his Recantation no not so much as to
witnesses his signing All this seems me look very suspiciously.
What Cranmer really signed, was, not
his burn
this pre large and public Recantation but certain
nice cases, does not use form recantation proposed dated but real subscription certainly without such
be omitted. Sanders, all agree with
i.
instru
long
not ment Recantation, which his enemies printed
ought not and published name; but very well this very short bill paper the beginning
Recantation, the friar pretended.
This large Recantation, pretended
signed Cranmer, and published month
five weeks before his death, very agrees
This still more strange, when we re member, that was now month five weeks since his former Recantation was pretended have been made and signed him and that
cantation his death, 10. However,
Mr. Fox informs us. plainly incredible, that execution, Cran
the very morning
mer should write these two copies his large and full Recantation, and sign them with his own hand, the sense own mind; and
one
ii. p.
to
is a to aasor
as
at of is is he by of in
it a of as he in by as I to of
asof
to }. of
6. 5. 4. it,3. ; 2.
to toin
as
as to upit of as all
on
in
allit
orbe
he it.
noby
a tobe
an
by it
for
or
to is:in
bein by to no
a
so is bea by
it or of in by : of in as
ofby at
in as to by
to ittoup:ofus. as aninorhe as by
a de he
in a
by beA :
Q.
8.
7. inso
in to :
to ;
ofofby ;beof
of
itif he at ; of
it to is
is all an orhis by so as :
of toby a so of asto a so to
his
his in atby it. he
of
oftohe
is it
by
; or
as
as as of
:
of to to a is as
;
of as
to
to
ofto
in s
of: of
he
in
of a
ill a
of
as
it. or to
849] STATE TRIALS, I MARY, 1553–for Treason and Heresy. [850
yet, “At the very same time, secretly put what law did the queen sign such writ? another paper into his bosom, containing his And what law did the mayor and bailiffs Prayer for the stake, and Exhortation Oxford execute All ecclesiastical proceed the people; when designed declare his ings against heretics still allowing Recan abhorrence any thing like such Recan tation and doing penance, always sufficient tation:” which yet Mr. Fox's account for the offender's preservation. The constant this place. This too vile, and impious, and method, even queen, Mary's time, was this,
That such heretics must either turn before any coinn, Christian much less the most hand, burn; but farther. Nay, ex open-hearted, and sincere, and upright, and tensive was this practice then, that though the religious abp. Cranmer. Whether the two pretended heretics had been obstinate until
they came the very stake, (e) yet was there
the former clauses which had given pretended had.
15. Which demonstration still farther
confirmed, what bishop Burnet (f)found the Council Book itself, relating this pre tended Recantation: where we have this most
desperate, and jesuitical supposed
Papers that Cranmer said have transcribed and signed with his hand, the morning his
pardon ready for them that they would but there make Recan that this signing, and sending, and extant, and only signed true copy what executing the writ for the burning Cranmer, was proposed him, but had never con little less than demonstration that he had sented or, whether were more than never made such Recantation as friar John
execution, the earnest desire the Spanish
friar, contained the intire Recantation still tation.
out his real belief, cannot certainly deter
mine; but suspect they were these small clauses, and other. Although the friar,
who said have procured these copies, and perhaps some other the Papists also, were
authentic Account; that, the 13th very willing they should confounded. As March, (almost three weeks after the date
frequently stake,
indeed they have been most fatally confounded this very day.
11. This Spanish friar, the principal actor this whole tragedy, when Cranmer, the
expected
the Writ for burning Cranmer, obstinate heretic,) and eight days before was burnt,
the Privy-council were concerned when they heard Cranmer's Paper Recantation was printed. Rydall and Copland, two printers, were required deliver Cawood, the queen's printer, the Books his Itecantation, be
his pro but
stake, declared himself, according
mises, die the catholic faith
sense very different from what
raged, and foamed, and was almost out his burned him. ” Now since “the doctors and wits, always having this mouth, Non prelates,” Mr. Fox was informed, “caused fecisti Did'st thou not (p. 821). As this Recantation printed As also that, Cranmer did not then own the making such “the queen received that Recantation very
Recantation, had ascribed him. gladly:” this had been really true, how 12. Although Mr. Fox was made believe comes the queen's Privy-council dislike it? that the queen knew this full Recantation Nay, order the remaining copies this Re
Cranmer's, and received very gladly, and cantation itself delivered the queen's this before Feb. 24th, 1555, when she signed printer burnt Had the Privy-council
the Writ for his burning; that follow been satisfied that this Recantation was genu him have also supposed; yet does (d), bishop ine, this procedure seems not little absurd
Burnet find hard believe, that such Re and incredible.
much more likely that be burnt known
made him when the the Council ordered
and therefore sup forgery; and capable
cantation could
danger was remote
poses not done
sent down Oxford for his burning, directly they should believe Cranmer was become contrary Mr. Fox, Dr. Cole's Sermon thorough Roman Catholic, and yet was be his burning, and Sander's History. The burnt as an obstinate Protestant Heretic. reason this difficulty obvious but the 16. Dr. Cole, his Funeral Sermon, though foundation the difficulty only this, that supposes that Cranmer was become Ca Cranmer did make that Recantation. Which tholic, and would own himself
after the Writ was finally compassion and indignation
raising groundless the people; when
confess seems me not little incredible.
Catholic Faith, had declared clauses this Paper; which there
13. The very Writ for burning Cranmer
gives power burn him but ‘perti
naciously holding and defending' his heretical
opinions. Which seems authentic evi
dence that the court knew nothing that
large and full Recantation, the friar pretended
he had signed his presence, before the date but also most earnest defender of heretical of that writ for his execution.
14. Had this Recantation been known be
genuine that time, and made before the going out the writ for burning Cranmer,
(d) Burnet, vol. 300, 334,399. *OL. I.
with “having been not secret favourer only; opinions, even the end his life. ” Nor
the the first little rea son doubt but did really write, and really sign; yet does not pretend had made any
such full and particular Recantation hitherto. Nay, the contrary, then charges him
(e) See Burnet, vol. 302, 303. 307, 308. 312. 314. 318. 328. 331. 333. 337. 347.
364, 365.
(f) Burnet, vol. 249.
die
3
ii. p.
to is
till beto to ;
he
of it
of of Iit,it
is
is ; is
he
iii.
p. a
he
it is to
be of
to
ii. he p. of he
inof
to
of
to ais be ;
by it in as
be
as
a to to
as of
: toto ofa to
Ia
in
to
he
in
is
by
at
ofin to
it 2 isas
no
atto :
of to to
of oftosoit in to atonof
in toto
as
no to
he
a
of in at of if ;a
of of
all his he;
heno of be
to
Itoto by aonoftoby ifor
he as to to to i. as in It be to
aa
it
if as be all
by he
Soato
in
“
to aup:” asonis
as
is a toto hean of of in as of to a a
ina to a
to
at so
a
a
of of
of
he
his
no
would declare himself to be of at his death al
low us to suppose he had so long ago, and that very morning also, signed such an intire Recan tation.
17. There is still extant a Letter of Cardi
nal Pole's to Cranmer, of which you have some
account in bishop Burnet, which if it were sent
to him, as some think, (g) “a very little while
before his Execution,' as he informs us, is sufi without mercy,
cient evidence that then the Cardinal neither
knew nor expected the least Recantation from him.
much
*
851] STATE TRIALS, IMARy, 1553–Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [852
does the great and uncertain expectation of conceal from him, when went see him both Protestants and Papists what religion he Nay, Why did he, upon Cranmer's owning
18. We have not the least evidence, that I Dr. Cole, cry out, soon they perceived
Protestant, Martyrs queen Mary's reign did acknow “Stop the heretic's mouth, and take him ledge that Cranmer ever had made such Re away this History informs us? think cantation. They still reckon him one, nay have great reason suspect that this bar
usually the principal their glorious Martyrs, barity and haste and hurry sudden execu upon occasions. the papists also still tion was intended conceal somewhat which
reckon him among the notorious heretics. Of was not made public; and that was which we have many instances later than done purpose that sincere and honest Cran
know that any the Protestant Confessors Cranmer had declared himself
|.
which the Spanish Frier pretendet.
his death, and still without the least intimation mer's pretended Recantation, might still
believed real; and that the poor man might have opportunity clear his inno
cence any farther this matter. And indeed, one would almost wonder that Mr.
Fox did not
himself suspect this fraud and forgery; since informs that “the Papists secretly and
that he had ever made such Recantation
had money, present him then, and not till then, with fifteen crowns, give the poor whom would, when was just going
die? Why did the Spanish friar attempt
get two copies Recantation under Cran mer's hand the very same morning And all
this without any intimation that immediately Why was
was die left destitute,
one friend faithful wit
support advise him,
him And why did some the Papists, particularly this
ness what was then said done
any them. Which intire silence both arties no small evidence that was not then
had made that real Recantation,
Mr. Fox was in sorely repented
19. Cranmer himself, formed, when the stake some small “bills,
ever made this real Recantation, charged upon uttermost him the Spanish friar. For Mr. Fox as Sentence
sures us, that when that time his enemies N.
ceased not object unto him his falshood and posed only pretended one, and forgery dissimulation, because, after all, died zea the papists. For this was not the first time lous Protestant, answered that accusa that Cranmer was scandalized this manner. tion, the words already set down. “Ah! We find that bishop Bonner (i) himself believ my masters, quoth he, Do not you take so. was become very humble the begin Always, since lived hitherto,
hater falshood, and lover
and never before this time have
Which very agrees with what the Friar pre
tended, that had continued the grossest
hypocrisy and falshood for four five weeks
together, ever since made that intire Rccan tation.
papers, which had sent abroad, which
slightly suborned certain men, which when writing they could not expugn him arguments and
owns he truth which thought with his heart, and wrote for
disputation, should intreaty, and fair pro mises, any other means allure him Re cantation. That the wily Papists flocked about
had written with his hand, contrary
fear death, and save his life, night be, him, with threatening, flattering, intreating, since his Degradation, wherein had written and promising, and other means, especially many things untrue,” (p. 820,) yet did he, Henry Sydal, and Friar John, Spaniard the same time, almost directly deny that had Villa Garcina, the end drive him the
20. there were not here some knavery
forgery the case, why was not the queen's cantation before may possibly old resolution (h) have him burnt notified these early rumours. For Sanders affirms
him few days, however several hours, be that (1) Cranmer feigned himself catholic, fore was die? Why was Dr. Cole who and signed his retractation seventeen times had been before appointed preach his Fune with his own hand, before his condemnation. ral Sermon March 21st, obliged keep Whereas this form the owns himself be the day silent Why did the same Dr. Cole, late archbishop Canterbury only which
the very morning Cranmer was
(g) Burnet, vol. 244. (h) See Fox, 608, 009, 670.
die, still
(i) Burnet, vol. 248.
(k) Burnet, vol. 249. (l) Ibid, 399,
their possibility from his former Recantation. ” 811).
This Recantation may well sup
have been ning queen Mary's reign, and ‘ready sub simplicity; mit himself things, without any real
dissembled. ”
foundation. We find also, about the same time, the report was current that had himself consented set the mass Can terbury, and that had undertaken sing mass before the queen (k), that was obliged vindicate himself public paper, still extant. Nay the main parts this Re
*
,
p.
p.
or to
to
of
iii.
he
at
Asof do
p.
of
in
to
nobe be
of
or of a
ii. ii. p. p.
all
by
so
to
or
as
hea *onto
inIf
of heill I
in
by
of
is of
all
of,
;
atin a be a
abyhe to
to
heor
a to in a
in
atoof ustoto
he
to
a
a asof he usas
he to at he to
be to
to it be
allI
to
toto he:
in
I ofI
tohe
heif it
it
a
or as he
it
toor a at
to he
he at
in
he
he he
as
of
all
or
he
to B. or fit as or it
us heto all so
in
to as to
ed ofhe
we on :’
no
up
a aaas
in
(p. to by to for asbehe
of
de
to
in
or or to
heto he 2 to to
to
853] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [854
would never have allowed till after Feb. 14th, mer's own hand But that was ever proved 1555-6, when he was degraded : as the such, saith not. Nor easily be other evidence already produced does also as lieve Cranmer would ever sign such gross, sure us. They who have mind compare and tedious, and wild Recantation this
one popish forgery with another, may look What Recantation Cranmer owned the Mr. Fox, and there find such another Recant stake, and repented was not the signing ation, ascribed the famous lord Cobham, one two large open Recantations; but,
the days Henry 5th (m). Ouly with this we have seen already, and honest Roman difference, that the lord Cobham's Recanta catholic there present gives the Account
tion seems never have been much as seen set down presently, Setting forth writings
him which we cannot certainly say contrary the truth. Things written with this ascribed abp. Cranmer; though both, hand contrary the truth. All such Bills suppose, equally spurious and jesuitical forge which had written signed with his own
les. hand contrary the truth, since his degrada
not here quite unworthy our remark, tion: Wherein had written many things that Cranmer's peculiar punishment burning untrue. ” Which small bills excellently well his right hand, before the rest his body; that agree with the five suspicious small bulls, set right hand which wrote the several Bills Pa down Mr. Fox and Mr. Strype, said Mr. pers whereby gave occasion the report Fox ‘contain only few words, little that he had made real and intire Recanta leaf paper,' but very with one two
tion; seems more accountable the supposi other pretended full and large and express Re tion that was rather the many Bills Papers cantations the protestant religion. And he had incautiously written transcribed with what makes this somewhat the more probable his right hand; than any one two full Re this; that immediately adds, the stake, cantations, which had wickedly consented retractation the worst thing those with his mind, which occasioned that unusual little bills: when
experiment signal detestation. And
any suppose that the consumption, first
right hand, and then the rest his body Whose supremacy yet, owned king,
the fire, while yet his heart, agree, re mained unburnt, was extraordinary, and provi dential; the natural consequence that while his right hand was, after sort, guilty, writing; yet was not his heart, the emblem
queen, and parliament least, not farther, he had owned and submitted himself
pope refused him, his Antichrist, with
The very publishers those four other ungodly Recantation. WILL. Whistox. short Bills ltecantations own, that one of
his mind, properly guilty consenting any
Lyndon, Rutland, Oct. 27, 1732. them, which yet was not worded worse than
PostScro IPT.
the rest, nor was properly any Recantation
the protestant religion all, was soon after re
This was written me before the date tracted himself again, and recalled which ready set down. Nor have altered any thing plainly proves, that when Cranmer was trying
which then wrote; but print now exactly according the original copy. What am now add, with relation the accounts this matter given Mr. Strype, his Me
certain these Concessions Papers like some sort Recantations, whether could save his life, without renouncing the protestant
more than one
mentioned. ever signed.
those five short bills before
Which are suppose that -
religion, his conscience was tender, that Archbishop Cranmer, 383,389, retracted one of those small and modest Con
morials
and the 3d vol. of his Ecclesiastical Memo
rials, 232, 238, which had not seen when wrote the foregoing Paper. Which two
cessions Retractations again and that was almost impossible for him the same time sign either those long and horrible Recantations that his enemies published for him.
Mr. Strype himself, who believed that Cranmer did thus several times openly recant the protestant religion, confesses that the pa pists did print forged Account what Cran mer spake his Execution, and compares
two columns, “What was have spoken, and what the papists gave out (in print falsely) did speak; and what spake in deed; As was hundreds witnesses present notoriously known (o). That they published
print these writings the archbishop, bear
ing this title. “Ail the subscriptions and recan tations Thomas Cranmer, late archbishop Canterbury, truly set forth both Latin and
(n) Mem, Cranmer, 388. (v) Eccl. Mem. 237,238.
Memorials seem me for the same suspicion. observe
afford farther grounds
For we may thence - --
That the five other copies Cranmer's Recantations, given Mr. Strype, four
them are very short, and very like the first branch of the Recantation before us: and
might generally Cranmer's own drawing up, and might signed him like the other, not much against his own opinion yet very capable popish sense also. But the
last not only very long, but very different from the rest; and indeed very like the grossest forgery. Yet does Mr. Strype assure us, his Ecclesiastical Memorials, ‘That this was said written and subscribed Cran
(m) See 249. the present volume.
says, that “as for the Christ's enemy, and his false doctrine (n)”
p. be of
of a
of bebetous
isto
or to
of ahe toto
*
p.
p.
of
to to :' he
of
by
of of all he
by
it or of
inis 1. in
Itby is
all to
; p. toI of
it :
;
I tois,
all
of he of
at
at as
a
or “ of,
of us
by toI
by by . . . of he of
by so
I in
to aasor
a
it allof or on ofof so
as of p. in of to to
or
in by ais to
of of I of al ofin byif
Iof inin
4.
to
3.
2. be a or heof he
ofhe orby
he
to
at
ofof
he
ofto by
or
ofall as
so I as
it inheat at do
toof:or if an in
as I a
a he : by all in
to oraby toat
of in ithe ofhein
is. his be as
ill
It
to
s55] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553–Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [856
English; agreeably to the originals, and sub think there was none that pitied not his case, scribed with his own hand. Visum & Erami and bewailed his fortune, and feared not his own
natum per Reverendum Patrem & Dominum
D. Edmundum Episcop. Londinensem. ” And
adds, that this profligate bishop Bonner, to
serve an end, prostituted his faith and credit, prived his estate, adjudged die, and
by testifying a thing so notoriously known to ainful death end his life. have no de
be quite otherwise, in relation to the archbi ight increase
shop's last speech before mentioned. ” He also self, that ever
adds, at the conclusion of the first column, that man, and man
“this grievous said printed Lon “But come
don, Cawood, the queen's printer: Cum last, being the 21st March, was his day ap privilegio, ann. 1556. ” And the conclu pointed die. And because the morning was sion the second column adds likewise, much rainy, the Sermon appointed Mr. Dr. that “Cranmer would have spoken the sa Cole made the Stake, was made St. crament, and the papacy: but that they bad Mary's Church. Whither Dr. Cranmer was
may known and prevail with man kind. WILL. WHISTON.
London, March 1735-6.
MR. STRYPE's Account ARchbishop CRAN
upon judge, which was the entry all the inconveniencies that followed. Yet that
excused him, that thought did not malice, but the persuasions and advice
certain Learned Men. Another was, that he
had been the great setter forth this Heresy received into the Church this last time; had
MER's DEATH. Memorials, MR. STRYPE having printed
Account Cranmer's Death, certain grave person unknown,
him, but papist, who was
witness, and related these matters,
very justly, Letter from Oxon
shall here re-print verbatim. And recom: mitted for example-sake. Other causes he
mend the Christian reader's serious perusal alledged, but these were the chief, why was and consideration. - not thought good pardon him. Other causes “But that know for our great friendship, beside, said, moved the queen, and the
and long-continued love, you look even duty, that should signify you the truth
council thereto, which were not meet and con venient for every one understand them.
such things here chanceth among
would not this time have written
unfortunate end, and doubtful tragedy
late bishop Canterbury: because
pleasure take beholding such heavy sights. And when they are once overpassed, like not
384.
remarkable the words
written had disputed, had even to the last hour: and that
continued
had never
chance, see noble prelate, grave counsellor, long-continued honour, after many dignities, his old years de
him down. ’” If brought the mayor and aldermen, and my suspect fraud and lord Williams. With whom came divers gen
“Stop his mouth and
here not great reason
knavery this whole matter, am much mis tlemen the shire, Bridges, John taken. See the like tricking and roguery Browne, and others. Where was prepared about Recantation used the papists, over against the pulpit, high place for him, that learned and excellent person Angelus Me that the people might see him. And when rula; till length they were going burn had ascended kneeled down and pray
him his old age; but that fell down dead ed, weeping tenderly: which moved the stake, before the fire was kindled. Of number tears, that had conceived
which we have full Account Gerard hope his Conversion and Repentance.
Brandt's History the Reformation, the “Then Mr. Cole began his Sermon.
Low Countries. Which also well worth the sum whereof was this. First, He declared
perusal the inquisitive reader upon this oc causes, why was expedient, that should casion. —Nor have published this Paper, suffer, notwithstanding his reconciliation. The which very remote from my general course chief are these, One was, for that had been
stiles
eye and ear been seen this realm, (but
Alas, too much heavy case should betide
deserve
the matter: Saturday
the time of long, hath Friend, been pardoned and that was not re
seems, Schism) that any man continuing
“The second Part touched the audience, you the how they should consider this thing That they should hereby take example fear God; and
little that there was power against the Lord having before their eyes man high de
gree, sometime one the chiefest prelates
though former life, and wretched end, de time man, might thought, greatest serves greater misery any greater might assurance, king his side; notwithstanding have changed, than chanced unto him) yet set. his authority and defence debased
ting aside offences God and country,
*nd beholding the man without faults, (p) See No. 28.
rehearse them again; being but renewing
my woe, and doubling my grief. For council, the second peer the realm long
the Church, archbishop, the chief the
great assured
study and enquiries,
demonstrative evidence; for suspicion: and
pretending great cause this alteration this realm but strong reasons England. And when the matter the order set more pro Divorce, between king Henry 8th, and queen
per persons upon farther researches being Catherine (p), was commenced the court still desirous that what really true and right Rome, having nothing with set
The
to
of
is
as
hishis
aItoof Iof
to a asas p.
in
of
all
of he
of a
he
so
a
it
his to a of
of
(if
is
to
to be
a
he
in in it,
:a
it, ashe
of to
all
to
of by be to
to a of
to to
ofto of Ia
of at
be is inabeofby
his atIin
in
T.
I al C. "Iof
in
iof by a
it 3,inIof
lie is
of I a as
at
as an
of no to
:
by
of
all it, at
bea in
he
anT. a a A. it. it
of beinso:
in
soit he inhe an
to
all doin
of to
he sir of
to it.
in
to
isto I
us :
to
he byI to
an
in
to to
heat
hisit he of
all :
at all to
in
at
it in
of to
ofto heasir*
of it be of :
it intoit,
of in
of inbe toitso
it, of
of
a
it
of toso to soso
to
byon toso
857] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553. —for Treason and Heresy. [858
from an high estate to a low degree; of a coun self, could best devise for mine own com sellor to be a caitiff; and to be set in so wretch fort, and say the prayer, word for word,
ed estate, that the poorest wretch would not have here written it. ’ And he read stand change conditions with him. ing: and after kneeled down, and said the
“The last and end appertained unto him. Lord's Prayer; and the people their Whom he comforted and encouraged to take knees devoutly praying with him. His Prayer
his death well, by many places of Scripture.
And with these, and such, bidding him nothing
was thus: “‘
Father
- heaven;
Son God
mistrust but he should incontinently receive redeemer the world; Holy Ghost, pro
that the thief did : To whom Christ said, Hodie ‘ceeding from them both, three persons and mecum eris in Paradiso. And out of St. Paul one God, have mercy upon me most wretch
armed him against the terrors of the fire, by ‘ed caitif, and miserable sinner. who have this ; Dominus fidelis est: Non sinct vos tentari offended both heaven and earth, and more ultra quam ferre potestis: By the example of “grievously than any tongue can express, whi the three children; to, whom God made the ‘ther then may go, whither should
flame seem like a pleasant dew. . He added
hereunto the rejoicing of St. Andrew in his
cross; the patience of St. Laurence on the
fire: ascertaining him, that God, if he called
on him, and to such as die in his faith, either
will abate the fury of the flame, or give him succour. To thee therefore do run. To strength to abide He glorified God much
his conversion; because appeared only
his work declaring what travel and conference had been used with him convert
‘Son, thou wast not made man, this great mys him, and prevailed not, until pleased God tery was not wrought, for few small
“for succour? To heaven may ashamed
“to lift mine eyes; and earth find re
“fuge. What shall then do? shall despair?
“God forbid. good God, thou art merciful, ‘and refuseth none that come unto thee for
‘thee humble myself: saying, Lord “God, my sins great, but yet have mercy upon me for thy great mercy. God the
his mercy reclaim him, and call him home. “fences. Nor thou didst not give thy Son
discoursing which place, much com
mended Cranmer, and qualified his former doing.
‘unto death, God the Father, for our little
and small sins only, but for the greatest sins of the world: that the sinner return
“And had almost forgotten that Mr. Cole promised him, that prayed for every church
tell you, ‘unto thee with penitent heart; here
“at this present. Wherefore have mercy upon ‘me, Lord, whose property always have
‘mercy. For although my sins great, yet spake the priests present say mass for ‘thy mercy greater. crave nothing,
his soul. Lord, for mine own merits, but for thy name's “When he had ended his Sermon, de “sake, that may glorified thereby: And
sired the people pray him Mr. Cran for thy dear Son Jesus Christ's sake. And mer kneeling down with them, and praying for now therefore, Our Father, which art himself. think there was never such num heaven, &c. "
ber earnestly praying together. For they, “Then rising, said, “Every man desireth, that hated him before, now loved him for his ‘good people, the time their death, give conversion, and hope continuance. They “some good exhortation, that other may remem that loved him before could not suddenly hate ‘ber after their deaths, and the better there him, having hope his confession again his
should have mass and Dirige sung for him; and
fall. love and hope encreased devotion every
‘by. beseech God grant me grace, that may speak something this my departing,
“I side. shall not
First,
glorified, and you edi
Sermon, nance, his heavy chear, his face bedeved with
need,
describe his behaviour, his sorrowful counte ‘many folks
heavy see, case
tears; sometime lifting his eyes hope, sometime casting them down
that much doted upon the love this false world, and careful for that
for shame;
brief, image
sorrow
his eyes
the dolor plenty
his heart bursting out
for the time
‘fied.
should Oxford, and
heaven the earth
therefore. This shall my first exhortation. ‘That you set not over-much this false tears: retaining ever quiet and “glossing world, but upon God and the world grave behaviour. Which increased the pity ‘to come. And learn know what this les men's hearts, that they unfeignedly loved him, ‘son meaneth, which St.
