No More Learning

ma :-
EL. : 2012
ORG
. Cura
732 A
1
robe
2-73103 ec
2. Melis
fa) iba is
܀܂ :3: ܬ܀ -: 4
WVG
the last we have two lines preserved by Stobaeus,
Aristodemus.
38. 10. (Meineke, vol. v. p. 583; Stob. vol. ii. p. 59,
ed. Gaisford. ) Athenacus gives (ii. p. 58, a. ) three
T
lines, and (xi. p. 781, f. ) one line (Meineke, vol. v. Nicomachus.
Aristeides.
p. 587, &c. ), from plays of Nicomachus, whose
titles he does not mention.
Aristocles.
There are several other literary persons of this
name. By one of them there is an epigram on an But the names vary in the MSS. , and in the
earthquake which desolated Plataen. The point | Bamberg MS. they are altogether different, giving
of it lies in the ruins of Platuea, nátituting the the following
monument of those that perished. Of the date of
Aristiacus.
the earthquake, or the writer of the epigram, we
know nothing. (Anth. Grucc. vol. ii. p. 250, ed.
Jacobs. ) Nor do we know who the Nicoinachus is
Nicomachus.
Ariston.
who wrote περί εορτών Αιγυπτίων, quoted by Athe-
naeus (xi. p. 478, a. ), though this work is sometimes
Aristeides.
attributed to Nicomachus Gerasenus. (W. M. G. )
NICOMACHUS (Νικόμαχος Γερασηνός, Or To decide with certainty between the readings is
repaoivós), called Gerasenus, from his native place, impossible : it may, however, be remarked that
Gerasa in Arabia, was a Pythagorean, and the there is no other passage in which the names of
writer of a life of Pythagoras, now lost. His date Aristodemus and Aristocles occur.
(Comp. the
is inferred from his mention of Thrasyllus, who k'unstblatt, for 1832, p. 188. )
lived under Tiberius. He wrote on arithmetic and Nicomachus flourished under Aristratus of
music, and is the earliest, we believe, of those Sicyon, and Philip of Macedonia. He may there-
whose names became bye-words to express skill in fore be placed at B. C. 360, and onwards. He was
computation. In the Philopatris is the phrase an elder contemporary of Apelles and Protogenes.
“yon number like Nicomachus of Gerasa. ” This He frequently mentioned by the ancient
writer exercised no small influence on European writers in terms of the highest praise. Cicero says
studies, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries ; that in his works, as well as in those of Echion,
but indirectly. Boëthius, in his arithmetical work, Protogenes, and A pelles, every thing was already
is no more than the abbreviator of the larger work perfect. (Brutus, 18. ) Plutarch mentions his
of Nicomachus, now lost. The never-ending dis- paintings, with the poems of Homer, as possessing,
tinction of specific ratios by names (see Numbers, in addition to their force and grace, the appearance
old appellations of, in the Supplement to the Penny of having been executed with little toil or effort.
Cyclopaedia), is the remote consequence of Nico (Timol. 36. ), Vitruvius mentions him as among
machus having been a Pythagorean.
the artists who were prevented from attaining to
The extant works of Nicomachus are: - the very highest fame, not from any want of skill
3. Αριθμητικής εισαγωγής βιβλία β, the lesser work or industry, but from accidental circumstances (iii.
on arithmetic. It was printed (Gr. ) by Christian Prooem. & 2).
Wechel, Paris, 1538, 4to ; also, after the theologumena Pliny tells us that Nicomachus was one of the
Arithmeticae, attributed to lamblichus, Leipzig, artists who used only four colours (H. N. xxxv. 7.
1817, 8vo. A Latin version by one Appuleius is s. 32 ; comp. Dict. of Antiq. s. v. Colores), and
lost, as also various commentaries, of which only that, like Parrhasius, he used the Eretrian ochre in
fragments remain. 2. 'Eyxeiplôcov apuovikijs Biblia his shadows (ibid. 6. s. 21). He was one of the
B, a work on music, first printed (Gr. ) by Joh. most rapid of painters. As an example, Pliny re-
Meursius, in his collection, Leyden, 1616, 4to, lates that, having been commissioned by Aristratus
and afterward in the collection of Meibomius, to paint the monument which he was erecting to
(Gr. Lat. ), Amsterdam, 1652, 4to ; and again in the poet Telestes, Nicomachus postponed the com-
the works of Meursius by Lami, Florence, 1745, fol. mencement of the work so long as to incur the
The works which are lost are a collection of anger of the tyrant, but, at last, beginning it only
Pythagorean dogmata, referred to by Iamblichus; a few days before the time fixed for its completion,
a larger work on music, promised by Nicomachus he fulfilled his engagement with no less skill than
himself, and apparently referred to by Eutocius in rapidity. (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 10. s. 36. $ 22. )
his comment on the sphere and cylinder of Archi- As his works, Pliny mentions, the Rape of Pro-
medes ; Seomoyoúueva dpı@untikas, mentioned by serpine, which once hung above the shrine of
Photius, but a different work from that above Youth (Juventas) in the temple of Minerva, on
alluded to ; téxen aplountin), the larger work the Capitol : a Victory with a four-horsed chariot
above noted, distinctively mentioned by Photius ; (quadrigam in sublime rapiens), also in the Capitol,
a work on geometry, to which Nicomachus himself where it had been placed by Plancus: A pollo and
once refers ; Tepléoptwv Aiguatiwv, mentioned by Diana: Cybele riding on a lion: a celebrated pic-
Athenaeus, but whether by this Nicomachus or ture of female bacchanals, surprised by satyrs
another, uncertain. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. v. stealing upon them: and a Scylla, at Rome, in the
p. 629 ; Hoffman ; Schweiger. ) [A. De M. ) temple of Peace (Plin. l. c. ). He was the first who
NICOMACHUS (Nikouaxos), artists. 1. A painted Ulysses with the pileus (ibid. ). Pliny also
painter, of the highest distinction, was (according mentions his unfinished picture of the Tyndaridae,
to the common text of Pliny) a Theban, the son among the examples of unfinished works by great
and disciple of the painter Aristodemus, the elder masters, which were more highly admired than
brother and teacher of the great painter Aristeides, even their perfect paintings. (H. N. xxxv. 11. 5.
and the father and teacher of Aristocles. (Plin. 40. $ 41. ) His disciples were his brother Aris-
H. N. xxxv. 10. s. 36. $ 22. )
teides, his son Aristocles, and Philoxenes of Eretria
We have thus the following stemma :-
(Plin. l. c. 36. S 22 ; but compare the commence-
Le mestraded by
Verified
ac l, 2007
rease 22 a
pad
dhe
are
`s s: Tಂದಿಗೆ
10 br Venta
1:-denza,
Free Urs
en Irrara
le or
Feb 22
of Pherenza
des aus 3
204 Harrier
.
r of Metzitai
le E1-44
ܕ݂ܳܨܝܶܕܬ݁ܠܐ. ܚܨܬ: ;
2: obe 18,
r- De


## p. 1196 (#1212) ##########################################

11. 96
NICOMEDES.
NICOMEDES.
1
ment of this article), and also Corybas (ibid. 40. which he chose, in the immediate neighbourhood of
§ 42).
the Megarian colony of Astacus, was so judiciously
Stobaeus (Serm. 61) has preserved an interest- selected that the city of Nicomcdeia continued for
ing sayiug of Nicomachus. An amateur remarking more than six centuries to be one of the richest
to him that he could see no beauty in the Helen and most flourishing in Asia. (Memnon, c. 20;
of Zeuxis, the painter, replied, " Take my eyes, and Strab. xii. p. 563 ; Steph. Byz. v. Nikounoela,
a goddess will be revealed to you. ” The same an- who erroneously calls Nicomedes son of Zeïlas;
swer is ascribed by Aelian (V. H. xiv. 47) to a Euseb. Chron. Ol. 129. ] ; Paus. v. 12. $ 7;
certain Nicostratus, who is not mentioned else-Tzetz. Chil. iii. 950. ) The foundation of Nico-
where, and whose name is therefore probably an medeia is placed by Eusebius (l. c. ) in B. c. 264.
error for Nicomachus.
The duration of the reign of Nicomedes himself
2. A statuary or sculptor, whose name appears after this event is unknown, but his death is
on a marble base recently discovered in Athens. assigned with much probability by the Abbé Sevin
From the form of the letters, the date of the in- | (Mém. de l'Acad. des Inscr. tom. xv. p.
34) to
scription is supposed to fall in the time of the about the year B. c. 250. He had been twice
earliest successors of Alexander. (Ross and married ; by his first wife, Ditizela, a Phrygian by
Thiersch, in the k'unstblatt for 1810, p. 48. ) birth (who had been accidentally killed by a
3. The engraver of a gem representing a Faun favourite dog belonging to the king), he had two
sitting on a tiger's skin. (Bracci, tab. 87 ; Stosch, sons, Prusias and Zielas, and a daughter, Lysan.
44. )
[P. S. ) dra ; but his second wife, Etazeta, persuaded him
NICOʻMACHUS, MEʼTIUS FALCOʻNIUS, to set aside his children by this former marriage,
stood second on the roll of consular senators at the and leave his crown to her offspring. The latter
death of Aurelian. His speech, in which he urged were still infants at the time of his death, on which
Tacitus to accept the purple, has been preserved by account he confided their guardianship by his will
Vopiscus. (Vopisc. Tacit. 6; Tacitus. ) [W. R. ] to the two kings, Antigonus Gonatas and Ptolemy,
NICOME'DES I. (Nikourons), king of Bithy- together with the free cities of Heracleia, Byzan-
nia, was the eldest son of Zipoetes, whom he tium and Cius. But, notwithstanding this pre-
succeeded on the throne, B. C. 278. (Memnon, caution, his son Zielas quickly established himself
c. 20, ed. Orell. ; Clinton, vol. iii. p. 411. ) Like on the throne. (ZIELAS. ] (Memnon, c. 22;
many other Eastern potentates it appears that he Arrian ap. Tzetz. Chil. iii. 960 , Plin. H. N. viii.
commenced his reign by putting to death two of 40 (61), who calls the first wife of Nicomedes,
his brothers, but the third, Zipoetes, raised an Consingis. ) It is probably this Nicomedes who
insurrection against him, and succeeded in main- sought to purchase from the Cnidians the celebrated
taining himself for some time in the independent statue of Venus, by Praxiteles, by offering to remit
sovereignty of a considerable part of Bithynia. the whole public debt of the city. (Plin. H. N.
Meanwhile, Nicomedes was threatened with an vii. 39, xxxvi. 4. & 21. )
[E. H. B. ]
invasion from Antiochus I. , king of Syria, who NICOME'DES II. , sumamed EPIPHANES, king
had already made war upon his father, Zipoetes, of Bithynia, was son of Prusias II. , and fourth in
and to strengthen himself against this danger, he descent from the preceding. He is first mentioned
concluded an alliance with Heracleia, and shortly as accompanying his father to Rome in B. c. 107,
afterwards with Antigonus Gonatas. The threat- where they were favourably received by the senate
ened attack, however, passed over with little (Liv. xlv. 44) At this time he must have been
injury. Antiochus actually invaded Bithynia, but a mere child; but, as he grew up, the popularity of
withdrew again without risking a battle. It was the young prince incurred the jealousy of Prusias,
apparently as much against his revolted subjects who, wishing to remove him out of the sight of the
as his foreign enemies that Nicomedes now Bithynians, sent him to Rome as a kind of
called in the assistance of more powerful auxiliaries, hostage. Here we find him in B. C. 155, sup-
and entered into an alliance with the Gauls, who, porting the ambassadors of Prusias, who were sent
under Leonnorius and Lutarius, were arrived on to defend that monarch against the complaints of
the opposite side of the Bosporus, and were at Attalus II. , king of Bithynia (Polyb. xxxii
. 26. )
this time engaged in the siege of Byzantium, B. C. Nicomedes remained at Rome till B. C. 149, and
277. Having furnished them with the means of had, during his residence there, risen to a high
crossing over into Asia, he first turned the arms of place in the favour of the senate ; but this only
his new auxiliaries against his brother, Zipoetes, served to increase the suspicions and enmity of
whom he defeated and put to death, and thus re- Prusias, who at length despatched Menas to Rome
united the whole of Bithynia under his dominion. with an embassy to the senate, but with secret
(Memnon, c. 16, 18, 19; Liv. xxxviii. 16 ; Justin. instructions to effect the assassination of the prince.
xxv. 2. ) Of the events that followed we have little But Menas, on finding the favour which Nicomedes
information ; it is probable that the Gauls subse enjoyed at Rome, instead of executing his instruc-
quently assisted Nicomedes against Antiochus tions, divulged them to the prince himself, and in
(Trog. Pomp. prol. xxv ; comp. Droysen, Hellenism. conjunction with Andronicus, the ambassador of
vol
. ii. p. 178), but no particulars are recorded Attalus, urged him to dethrone his father, who bad
either of the war or the peace that terminated it. rendered himself by his vices the object of universal
It appears, however, that Nicomedes was left in contempt and hatred. Nicomedes readily listened
the undisturbed possession of Bithynia, which he to their suggestions, and departing secretly from
continued to govern from this time till his death, Rome landed in Epeirus, where he openly assumed
and which rose to a high degree of power and the title of king, and proceeded to the court of
prosperity during his long and peaceful reign. In Attalus, who received him with open arms, and
imitation of so many others of the Greek rulers prepared to support his pretensions with an army.
of Asia, he determined to perpetuate his own name Prusias, abandoned by his subjects, took refuge in
by the foundation of a new capital, and the site | the citadel of Nicaea, from whence he wrote to


## p. 1197 (#1213) ##########################################

NICOMEDES
e, in the immediate neighbourhood ed
colocy of Astacus, was po padcount
le city of Nicomedia contenen die
cctunes to be one of the most
bing in Asia (Meznog, ();
563 ; Steph Byz v. Naalas
caiss Nicomedes son of his
2. 129. ); Pau 1, 1967;
750. ) The foundation of s
br Eusebius (Le) in BCA
be reson of Nicaedes lei
IS ERA 2017, but his des
; probas zity by the date de
dos Inser. tom. I. p. 2)
6 250. He had been toe
i wie, Ditzel, a Party
en accidentalt tid
ng to the long, be basta
118, and a daughter, La
rife, Ecareta, persuades 3
en by this former mm
ber of spring. The 22
time of his death, a no
Ir guardianship or be ri
ou Gomitas and Prize
ines of Heracea, Brze
notwithstanding the
icks established
a] (Memnon, c
960: Pin HTV7
* wile of Vice
this Ninedes me
Cnidians the celebrand
NICOMEDES.
NICOMEDES.
1197
Rome to solicit the intervention of the senate. | ib. 3 ; Clinton, vol. iii. p. 419. ) There appears
But, although three deputies were despatched by to be no foundation for the statement of some
the Romans to investigate the matter, they ulti- modern writers that he was murdered by his son,
mately retired without effecting anything. The Socrates. (See Visconti, Iconogr. Grecque, vol.
inhabitants of Nicomedeia, where Prusias had ii. p. 188. )
[E. H. B. ]
bought protection, opened the gates of the city to NICOMEDES III. , PhilOPATOR, king of Bi-
Nicomedes, and the old king was assassinated at thynia, was the son of Nicomedes II. , by his wife
the altar of Jupiter, by the express order of his Nysa (Memnon, c. 30), though his enemy Mithri-
Bon, B. c. 149. (Appian. Mithr. 4—7; Justin. dates VI. pretended that he was the son of a con-
xxxiv. 4 ; Zonar. ix. 28 ; Liv. Epit. l. ; Strab. cubine, a female dancer (Justin. xxxviii. 5. $ 1).
xiii
. p. 624 ; Diod. xxxii. Exc. Phot. p. 523, Exc. It was probably on this pretext that the latter set
Vat. p. 92. )
up against him his brother Socrates, surnamed the
Nicomedes retained, during a period of no less Good (ó Xpnotós), whom he persuaded to assume
than fifty-eight years, the crown which he had thus the title of king and the name of Nicomedes, and
gained by parricide. But of his long and tranquil invade the territories of his brother at the head of
reign very few events have been transmitted to us. an army furnished him by Mithridates. Nicomedes
He appears to have uniformly courted the friend- was unable to cope with a competitor thus supported,
ship of the Romans, whom he assisted in the war and was quickly driven out of Bithynia ; but he
against Aristonicus, B. c. 131. (Strab. xiv. p. 646 ; now had recourse to the protection of the Roman
Oros. v. 10 ; Eutrop. iv. 20. ) At a later period, senate, who, it seems, had already ackowledged his
B. c. 103, Marius applied to him for auxiliaries in title to the throne, and who now immediately issued
the war against the Cimbri, which he, however, a decree for his restoration, the execution of which
refused on account of the exactions and oppressions was confided to L. Cassius and M'. Aquilius. To
exercised by the Roman farmers of the revenue this Mithridates did not venture to offer any open
upon his subjects. (Diod. xxxvi. Exc. Phot. p. opposition, and Nicomedes was quietly reseated on
531. ) But it is clear that Nicomedes was not the throne of his father, B. c. 90 (Appian, Mithr.
wanting in ambition when an opportunity of 7, 10, 11, 13; Memnon, c. 30 ; Justin. xxxviii. 3,
aggrandizement presented itself, and we find him 5; Liv. Epit
. lxxiv. ). But, not satisfied with
uniting with Mithridates VI. (apparently about this, the Roman deputies urged Nicomedes to make
B. c. 102) in the conquest of Paphlagonia, the throne reprisals, by plundering excursions into the terri-
of which had been left vacant by the death of tories of Mithridates himself ; and the king, how-
Pylaemenes.