218, 219-
3 See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise," vii.
3 See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise," vii.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v1
^ Long after his decease, the Irish missionary spirit survived on the theatre of his pilgrimage.
An
account of those various Irish or Scottish monasteries founded in Germany, with their respective influences on the arts and civilization of the middle ages, is one which opens a wide field for investigation. 9 In these houses, the interests of religion were most especially promoted.
ArticleII. —St. Ultan,S(5nofEtechdachofCuilcorra. Owing
to her admirable constitution, all in the Church is strong, because in her
everything is divine and everything is in unity. As each part is divine, the bond also is divine, and the connection of parts is such, that each part acts with the force of a whole. The very life of one among her saints reveals this happy unison and strength. We read in the Martyrology of Donegal^ on this day about Ultan, a son to Etechdach of Cuilcorra. For further particulars regarding this saint, we are referred to the life of St. Declan, by a commentator, in the table, which has been placed after the text of this Martyrology. " InthepublishedMartyrologyofTallaghthissaint'snameis omitted,3 or wrongly inserted. Marianus O'Gorman informs us, likewise, that St. Ultan, the son of Etectac, was venerated in Cuilchorra, at this date. This church is placed in that part of Connaught, known as Kera, according to Colgan,-* and there too St. Patrick is said to have erected a church,s However we cannot at all be certain that such was the exact place, with
'In this short comment, Colgan refers
the reader to St. Marianus' life and to his
land," pp. 21 to 49. This has been trans- lated by the Rev. William Reeves and ably annotated under the heading "The Irish
own appended notes, which were to appear
at the 17th of April. These he promised Monasteries in Germany. " See "Ulster
should contain further particulars regarding Journal of Archaeology," vol. vii. , pp. 227 St. Muricherodac—whom he also calls to 247, and pp. 295 to 313.
Murcherdach—and of his companions. There he also intended to prove, not only that these were Scots of Ireland, but, also, that all the monasteries of Gaul and Ger- many, which are said to have been erected for Scottish monks, and called " Monasteria Scotorum," were built by Irishmen, while founded and endowed for their use. See " Acta Sanctorum Hiberni3e,"xvii. Januarii. Vita S. Muricherodaci, p. iii.
' Drs. Todd and Articleii. —Editedby
Reeves, pp. 20, 21.
'
Ibid. , pp. 476, 477.
3 Yet in the Franciscan copy, we find an
*
See Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical His-
e-pnAin ajut^ 'heiAninn oh C15 UtcAin
Hie echeccAij 1 Cuii Cho^i\A,
Such is the first entry of Irish saints, im-
mediately succeeding twenty-seven foreign
ones, at the xvi. of the January Calends,
the present day.
• See " Acta Sanctorum Hibernire," xvii.
Januarii. De B. Ultano Scoto, seu Hibemo, Lindisfamensi Monacho, n. i, p. 109.
"
tory of Ireland," vol. iv. , chap, xxv. , § ii. ,
p. 4.
9 In the "Zeitschrift fiir Christliche
Archaologie itnd Kunst," published at
Leipzig, in 1856, Dr. Wattenbach, a learned
contributor to Pertz's " Monumenta" has Septima Vita S. Patricii. Pars ii. , cap. Ix. ,
" KongregationderSchottenklosterin Deutsch-
inserted an article, under the title
Die p. 137.
obscure addition, to preceding saints, of
: Ultain's name in this form —
s See Colgan's
Trias Thaumaturga,"
398 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 17.
which St. Ultan's religious ministrations had been connected. There is an old church of Coolkerry, in a parish of that name, within the barony of
Clarmallagh and in the Queen's County. Measured from the interior, it is about 48 feet in length, by 20 in breadth, while the walls are nearly four feet in thickness. However, only an old gable, and quite a featureless one, stands in an imperfect shape, as several stones have been removed from its top and sides. Its limestone walls are covered with yellow lichens. Grass- covered side walls, with one end wall, or faint traces of it, over the founda- tions are visible. This church—stands on a mound, near the road bridge, which crosses the River Erkina a considerable stream flowing beneath it. Several moss and lichen-covered rude head-stones are in the graveyard, which has long been used for purposes of burial. In an adjoining rich pasture field, and quite near the old church, there are very curious earth- mounds ; and here the inhabitants say were and are the foundations of ancient religious erections. \ What is denominated a Monument Bush, and of large growth, may be seen at the entrance from the road to the graveyard, which is unenclosed. The bush was a fine flowering hawthorn, at a time when the writer visited this spot. ^ Unbaptized infants were interred beneath the bush, and a pile of loose stones surrounded its gnarled trunk. It may be worthy of investigation, to find if this place could have been identic^ with the Cuilcorra and its St. Ultan here recorded.
Article III. —St. Ernain, of Tigh-Ernain. It is mentioned in the Marty—rology of Tallagh' that veneration was given to Ernain and Hemind of Tigh Ulltainfollowsonthe17thofJanuary. Whetheroneorbothofthose saints be set down, to represent the following holy person is uncertain. In the Martyrology of Donegal^ an Ernain, of Tigh-Ernain, is recorded as having a festival on this day. Tigh may have been only a contraction for There is a
Tigh-Ernain.
Farannan. Thisplaceissocalledatthepresentday; yetithassometimesbeen
In — May, 1870.
copy.
^ Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
20, 21.
3 On it are shown the ruins of a chapel,
within an enclosure, or burial-ground. See " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Westmeath," Sheet 12.
* See O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (h), p. 526.
See his Diocese of Ancient Meath,
and Modem," vol. iii. , chap. Ixxiii. , p. 549. He quotes Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," p. 478, but tlie Saint Ernain there men- tioned seems to have been a different person,
"Acta Sanctorum Hibemise," p. 372, as cited, has no allusion whatever to this saint's name, although there is to the place called Tegh-Ererain, in n. 16.
* See Archdall's " Monasticon Hiber- nicum," p. 573, and Lanigan's "Ecclesi- astical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , p. 142.
' See "Trias Thaumaturga. " Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. Columbae, cap. x. , p. 491.
'
Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xii. It will be seen from a note 3, in the previous article, how this saint's name has been introduced in the Franciscan
Article hi.
Tigh-Airindan, i. e. ,
Anglicised Tifaman, or more usually T\ fiimham. It is the name of a townland,^
and of a parish, in the barony of Corkaree, and in the county of Westmeath. *
Perhaps this local denomination might be equivalent to Tigh-Ernain. But the Rev. A. Cogans has identified this saint's place with the present Tegh- emain,andhehasitinthecountyofMeath. ^ Withsomedoubtofidentity expressed, Colgan states this Ernan, whom he calls Memoc, likewise, may have been one of St. Columkille's disciples. '
Article IV. —Feast of St. Nennius or Nennidhius, Abbot. The Rev. Alban Butler has introduced notices of this saint, but with some in-
*5"
" the house of or Airindan,"
January 17. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 299
accuracies of statement, at this day. ^ To the writer it seems better, that his commemoration and biography should be referred to the i8th of this month, which is most generally allowed to have been the true date for his festival.
Article V. —St, Adda, Missionary among the Midland English. \Seventh Century^ The Bollandists have assigned the festival of this holy man to the 17th of January. ^ Camerarius ranks him among the Scottish saints ; and this too may have been correct, for it is possible he lived, at least for some short time, in Scotland. It is probable he was bom about the earlier part of the seventh century. Most likely he was a native of Northumbria, and thus this holy man was English by birth. He was also brothertoUltan,AbbotofCaprseCaput. ^ But,hewentovertoIrelandfor purposes of study, it is said, and to acquire greater perfection. 3 Afterwards he returned to England, and was one of St. Cedd's^ companions in prosecut- ing the work of the Lord among the Midland Saxons. Little more seems to be known concerning him.
Article VI. —St. Molaisse, of Cill-Molaisi, now Kilmolash, CountyofWaterford. AfestivalinhonorofMolaisse,ofCill-Molaisse,
is entered in the Martyrology of Tallagh,^ at the 17th of January. From the following notice, this place should be sought for in the Decies of Munster ;
for on this day, Molaisi, of Cill-Molaisi, in Deisi-Mumhan, is recorded in the MartyrologyofDonegal. ^ Wefindtheexactplace,inthepresentdenomina- tion of Kilmolash parish, partly in the barony of Decies-within-Drum, but chiefly in that of Decies-without-Drum, in the county of Waterford. 3 The ruins of religious edifices may yet be seen within this parish,^ and on a town- land bearing a like name. s Although the time when this present saint flourished has escaped detection, yet of his place the truant imagmation de- picts in the times of old
" various goodly-visaged men and youths resorting there, Some by the flood-side lonely walked ; and other some were seen
Who rapt apart in silent thought paced each his several green ; And stretched in dell and dark ravine, were some that lay supine,
And some in posture prone that lay, and conn'd the written line. "*
Article VII. —Feast of St. Anthony, Monk and Apostle of the Thebaid in Egypt. {Third and Fourth Centuries? )^ Although this great
Article iv. —' See " Lives of the Fa-
thers, Martyrs and other Principal Saints," vol. i. , January xvii.
Article v. —' See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , xvii. Januarii.
Article vi. —' Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xii. In the Franciscan copy we read at this date, molAirfe Cilli moLxirre 'Oepc.
= Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 20, 21.
^ See " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Waterford," Sheets 29, 30, 35.
^ See Lewis' "Topographical Dictionary of Ireland," vol. ii. , p. 181.
s See " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Waterford," Sheet 29.
* See that admirable historic and romantic
poem "Congal," by Samuel Ferguson, LL. D. Book i. , lines 18 to 22.
*
See Bede's "Historia EcclesiasticaGen-
tis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 21, pp.
218, 219-
3 See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise," vii. Januarii. Vita S. Ceddae, n. 4, pp. 20, 21. For this statement Colgan re- lies on Florence of Worcester, who says he
and his companions came "ex provincia Scotorum. "
*SeetheactsofSt. Ceddatthe7thof January.
300 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 17.
monastic master had no particular connexion with Ireland, he was specially venerated there, as would appear from our most ancient calendars. At the 17 th of January the following stanza occurs in the Leabhar Breac copy of the Felire of St. -^ngus. The original Iri—sh and the English translation
have been supplied by Professor O'Looney
C. XU1. kt, nofmo'LATnAi\ tneriic
ni'OArcALAi'o luclic Cef-Aif cen diitiAiT)
Ifeii Ancoin mAnAig.
C. rui. kl. We should often praise
Though they are not in our conversation
The band who were crucified without crime On the feast of the monk Anthony.
The Franciscan copy of the Martyrology of Tallagh places him likewise among the native saints, at this date, although no less than twenty-seven
foreign saints precede these, according to the generally observed plan in this ancient calendar. ^ Hence we may infer, that the patriarch of eastern monasticism was greatly honoured in the early Irish Church, where his spirit of asceticism was wonderfully emulated by so many self-denying members. St. AnthonywasbornatComainUpperEgypt,a. d. 251; whenstillavery young man he retired to the desert ; about the beginning of the fourth centuryheengagedintheworkoffoundingmonasteries; aftergreatlabours and moitifications his death took place a. d. 356. The great St. Athanasius has written his life. "
ArticleVIII. —St. MicaorMicca,Virgin. Addedinamorerecent
hand, and traced in Roman characters, on the authority of the Martyrology and on that of Marianus O'Gorman,' we find the name of a St. Mica or
Micca, virgin, set down in the Martyrology of Donegal,' on this day. A nearly similar entry occurs in the published Martyrology of Tallagh,3 at the 17th of January, as also in the unpublished one. More we cannot find re-
garding this holy virgin.
ArticleIX. —St. Clairnech,ofDruimBidhg. ASt. Claimech01
Druimbide is mentioned, on the 17th of January, in the Martyrology of
Tallagh. ' There was a Druim-Beathaigh, extending across the plain of
Maenmagh,nearthetownofLoughrea,inGalwaycounty. ' Somesimilarity of sound can be traced in both denominations, yet the locahty cannot be
clearlyascertained. Clairenech,ofDruimBidhg,appearsintheMartyrology
Article vii. —' Such arrangement also " Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. accords with the most ancient Greek and 20, 21.
Latin Martyrologies. The Franciscan copy 3 Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xii. In
enters Anconii m6n ^Xp CebATO egipci
the Franciscan copy we can only decipher
See. . . — for"SanclaeMicK. " ITlcce, probably
Article ix. 'Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly,
p. xii. In the Franciscan copy at this date,
we read 1ncl,A]^enec '0)\otntnA bioe.
'See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (y), p. 28,
atthis
" See Rev. Alban Butler's " Lives of the
day.
Fathers, Martyrs and other Principal Saints," vol. i. , xvii. January.
Article viii. Todd,
—'See a note
by
Dr.
•pobifcTi
:
JANUARY 1 8. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 301
of Donegal,3 on to-day. It is likely to have been that of this saint's demise and first birth in real bliss. '*
Article X. —Reputed Feast of St. Ultan, Monk of Lindisfarne, IN England. \_Eig/iih Century. ! ^ Without further warrant than the fact, that Colgan found the first Ultan named in our calendars at this day, our national hagiologist has introduced the present edifying and learned scribe to the notice of his readers. ' We think, however, that his festival and commemora- tion should be reserved more appropriately for the 8th day of August, where a further account of him may be expected.
(Bi^-)im\i\) J3ap of Samiarp*
ARTICLE I. —ST. DICHUIL, DEICOLUS, OR DEICOLA, ABBOT OF LURE, IN FRANCE.
[SIXTH AND SEVENTH CENTURIES. ] CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION—VARIOUS WRITERS OF ST. DICHUL's ACTS—HIS ORIGIN AND FAMILY CONNEXIONS— STATE OF FRANCE AND GERMANY, WHEN IRISH MISSIONARY ENTER- PRISE BEGAN—ST. DICHUL's BIRTH—HIS INTIMACY WITH ST. COLUMBANUS AND ST. GALLUS—AN ANECDOTE REGARDING HIM—ST. DICHUL LEAVES IRELAND WITH ST. COLUMBAN.
after Ireland's reception of Christianity, the Irish missionary spirit
teaching foreigners,
SOON
became active. Not content with
exceedingly
who came to them for instruction, the Irish clergy, during the seventh, eighth, and ninth centuries, spread themselves over the greater part of Europe. They wished to convert and civilize pagans inhabiting its northern parts. They desired to instruct unlettered Christians, likewise, and this state of spiritual destitution was the case with most of them everywhere, about that period of disorder and disturbance. France, Germany, Switzer- land, and even Italy itself, obtained many zealous apostles, who emigi-ated from our shores. A learned English prelate has written, that there is hardly a diocese, in the countries here mentioned, which does not record the learn- ing and sanctity of several illustrious missionaries from Ireland, who formerly
The most celebrated nurseries of religion and of learning in those ancient times, both in Great Britain and abroad, were all instituted by Irish scholars. '
3 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
20, 21.
* " For death the pure life saves,
And life all pure is love, and love can reach From heaven to earth, and nobler lessons
John Boyle O'Reilly's beautiful verses, in- from Maj-nooth, dated June 29th, 1807. tituled, "Forever," in "The Catholic
served it.
World," May, 1S74. '
Article x. — See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernia;," xvii. Januarii. De B. Ultano Scoto, seuHiberno, Lindisfarnensi Monacho, p. 109. —
'
Art. i. —Chap.
Than those by mortals read. " See Mihier's "Letters from Ireland. " Letter
teach, —
i.
See Rev. Dr.
302 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January i8.
According to Colgan there were four lives of this saint extant, besides thatmoreaccurateonegivenbyhimself^andBollandus. 3 Thiswaspub- lished by both of them at the i8th of January. The first of St. Dichul's acts, left unpublished by Colgan, is a short biography found in Petrus ; the second is more diffuse, and it is given by Vincentius ;5 the third is more accurate than either of the former ones. This latter was published by Hugh Menard. ^ Thefourth,whichisstillmoreextendedandvaluablethananyof those already alluded to, was issued by Belfortius. ? All of these four acts were omitted by Colgan, because they were found to have been only com- pendiums of that life, as published. They were also inferior to the latter, on the score of its superior antiquity.
The latter life had been previously published in the great BoUandist collection. It was written by an anonymous author, who, in the opinion of Bollandus, flourished about seven hundred years before his owti time. This the writer himself seems to insinuate, in the biography : especially in the two last chapters,^ where from allusions made he appears to have been a contemporary with St. Baltheann, Abbot, and first restorer of Lure Monastery, as likewise with Otho I. , before he had been called to the Imperial throne, A. D. 902. The same Avriter also conveys an idea, that he was rather a familiar with the monks of Lure, than that he had been a monk by profes- sion. The style and matter of this ancient life prove its author to have had some acquaintance with classical literature and with the science of his
age. Considering the period at which it was written, it may be regarded as a
tolerable specimen of Latin composition, disfigured however by turgid epithets, and by distorted figures in many of its sentences. ^ According to William Cave,"thiswriterflourishedabouttheyear950. Variousmanuscriptcopies ofhisbiographyappeartohavebeenpreserved. " Fromcertainremarks contained in the preface, it is easy to infer that the author undertook his task of compilation to satisfy the pious requirements of an influential friend. From this too we learn that he dedicated it to a certain Vardolphus. He is represented in the last chapters as having been sent to Otho I. , before he became emperor, to procure a confirmation of a grant for the possession of Lure Monastery to St. Baltrann. This saint was uncle to Vardolphus on the mother's side. The same year Vardolphus succeeded him in the govern- ment of this monastery. The subject of the present memoir was called Dichuill by the Irish. The name has been Latinized to DichuUus but more properly to Deicola, as Colgan remarks, for the origin of the word is derived from a Latin source. It was well known to the Irish and first adopted by them, after their reception of the Christian faith. At a later period, it was still more in use. "
' See " Acta Sanctorum Hibemiae," xviii.
Januarii. Vita S. Deicoli, pp. 115 to 127. 3 See " Acta Sanctorum, tomus ii. , xviii.
' This sort of style begins to betray its
"
tained in ten chapters and forty-six para- digesta. " Pars altera saec. obs. , p. 315. graphs, pp. 199 to 210. " Among these we find the following * Lib. ii. , cap. 98. described by Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy.
5 Lib. xxiv. , cap. i. , and the following Vita S. Deicoli, sive DeicolDe, Abbatis
'° See "
Januarii. Acta S. Deicoli. These are con- toria Literaria facile et perspicua Methdo
chapters.
' " In Observationibus ad Martyrologium
Benedictinum"ad18Januarii.
7 In his supplement.
Lutrensis in Burgundia, auctore anonymo MS. Lutreus. Vita S. Deicoli, MS. Bibl. deI'EcoledeMedecine,Montpellier. Vita S. Deicoli, Abbatis Lutrensis, auctore Monacho anonymo ad an. 620. MS. loel.
account of those various Irish or Scottish monasteries founded in Germany, with their respective influences on the arts and civilization of the middle ages, is one which opens a wide field for investigation. 9 In these houses, the interests of religion were most especially promoted.
ArticleII. —St. Ultan,S(5nofEtechdachofCuilcorra. Owing
to her admirable constitution, all in the Church is strong, because in her
everything is divine and everything is in unity. As each part is divine, the bond also is divine, and the connection of parts is such, that each part acts with the force of a whole. The very life of one among her saints reveals this happy unison and strength. We read in the Martyrology of Donegal^ on this day about Ultan, a son to Etechdach of Cuilcorra. For further particulars regarding this saint, we are referred to the life of St. Declan, by a commentator, in the table, which has been placed after the text of this Martyrology. " InthepublishedMartyrologyofTallaghthissaint'snameis omitted,3 or wrongly inserted. Marianus O'Gorman informs us, likewise, that St. Ultan, the son of Etectac, was venerated in Cuilchorra, at this date. This church is placed in that part of Connaught, known as Kera, according to Colgan,-* and there too St. Patrick is said to have erected a church,s However we cannot at all be certain that such was the exact place, with
'In this short comment, Colgan refers
the reader to St. Marianus' life and to his
land," pp. 21 to 49. This has been trans- lated by the Rev. William Reeves and ably annotated under the heading "The Irish
own appended notes, which were to appear
at the 17th of April. These he promised Monasteries in Germany. " See "Ulster
should contain further particulars regarding Journal of Archaeology," vol. vii. , pp. 227 St. Muricherodac—whom he also calls to 247, and pp. 295 to 313.
Murcherdach—and of his companions. There he also intended to prove, not only that these were Scots of Ireland, but, also, that all the monasteries of Gaul and Ger- many, which are said to have been erected for Scottish monks, and called " Monasteria Scotorum," were built by Irishmen, while founded and endowed for their use. See " Acta Sanctorum Hiberni3e,"xvii. Januarii. Vita S. Muricherodaci, p. iii.
' Drs. Todd and Articleii. —Editedby
Reeves, pp. 20, 21.
'
Ibid. , pp. 476, 477.
3 Yet in the Franciscan copy, we find an
*
See Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical His-
e-pnAin ajut^ 'heiAninn oh C15 UtcAin
Hie echeccAij 1 Cuii Cho^i\A,
Such is the first entry of Irish saints, im-
mediately succeeding twenty-seven foreign
ones, at the xvi. of the January Calends,
the present day.
• See " Acta Sanctorum Hibernire," xvii.
Januarii. De B. Ultano Scoto, seu Hibemo, Lindisfamensi Monacho, n. i, p. 109.
"
tory of Ireland," vol. iv. , chap, xxv. , § ii. ,
p. 4.
9 In the "Zeitschrift fiir Christliche
Archaologie itnd Kunst," published at
Leipzig, in 1856, Dr. Wattenbach, a learned
contributor to Pertz's " Monumenta" has Septima Vita S. Patricii. Pars ii. , cap. Ix. ,
" KongregationderSchottenklosterin Deutsch-
inserted an article, under the title
Die p. 137.
obscure addition, to preceding saints, of
: Ultain's name in this form —
s See Colgan's
Trias Thaumaturga,"
398 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 17.
which St. Ultan's religious ministrations had been connected. There is an old church of Coolkerry, in a parish of that name, within the barony of
Clarmallagh and in the Queen's County. Measured from the interior, it is about 48 feet in length, by 20 in breadth, while the walls are nearly four feet in thickness. However, only an old gable, and quite a featureless one, stands in an imperfect shape, as several stones have been removed from its top and sides. Its limestone walls are covered with yellow lichens. Grass- covered side walls, with one end wall, or faint traces of it, over the founda- tions are visible. This church—stands on a mound, near the road bridge, which crosses the River Erkina a considerable stream flowing beneath it. Several moss and lichen-covered rude head-stones are in the graveyard, which has long been used for purposes of burial. In an adjoining rich pasture field, and quite near the old church, there are very curious earth- mounds ; and here the inhabitants say were and are the foundations of ancient religious erections. \ What is denominated a Monument Bush, and of large growth, may be seen at the entrance from the road to the graveyard, which is unenclosed. The bush was a fine flowering hawthorn, at a time when the writer visited this spot. ^ Unbaptized infants were interred beneath the bush, and a pile of loose stones surrounded its gnarled trunk. It may be worthy of investigation, to find if this place could have been identic^ with the Cuilcorra and its St. Ultan here recorded.
Article III. —St. Ernain, of Tigh-Ernain. It is mentioned in the Marty—rology of Tallagh' that veneration was given to Ernain and Hemind of Tigh Ulltainfollowsonthe17thofJanuary. Whetheroneorbothofthose saints be set down, to represent the following holy person is uncertain. In the Martyrology of Donegal^ an Ernain, of Tigh-Ernain, is recorded as having a festival on this day. Tigh may have been only a contraction for There is a
Tigh-Ernain.
Farannan. Thisplaceissocalledatthepresentday; yetithassometimesbeen
In — May, 1870.
copy.
^ Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
20, 21.
3 On it are shown the ruins of a chapel,
within an enclosure, or burial-ground. See " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Westmeath," Sheet 12.
* See O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (h), p. 526.
See his Diocese of Ancient Meath,
and Modem," vol. iii. , chap. Ixxiii. , p. 549. He quotes Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," p. 478, but tlie Saint Ernain there men- tioned seems to have been a different person,
"Acta Sanctorum Hibemise," p. 372, as cited, has no allusion whatever to this saint's name, although there is to the place called Tegh-Ererain, in n. 16.
* See Archdall's " Monasticon Hiber- nicum," p. 573, and Lanigan's "Ecclesi- astical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , p. 142.
' See "Trias Thaumaturga. " Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. Columbae, cap. x. , p. 491.
'
Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xii. It will be seen from a note 3, in the previous article, how this saint's name has been introduced in the Franciscan
Article hi.
Tigh-Airindan, i. e. ,
Anglicised Tifaman, or more usually T\ fiimham. It is the name of a townland,^
and of a parish, in the barony of Corkaree, and in the county of Westmeath. *
Perhaps this local denomination might be equivalent to Tigh-Ernain. But the Rev. A. Cogans has identified this saint's place with the present Tegh- emain,andhehasitinthecountyofMeath. ^ Withsomedoubtofidentity expressed, Colgan states this Ernan, whom he calls Memoc, likewise, may have been one of St. Columkille's disciples. '
Article IV. —Feast of St. Nennius or Nennidhius, Abbot. The Rev. Alban Butler has introduced notices of this saint, but with some in-
*5"
" the house of or Airindan,"
January 17. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 299
accuracies of statement, at this day. ^ To the writer it seems better, that his commemoration and biography should be referred to the i8th of this month, which is most generally allowed to have been the true date for his festival.
Article V. —St, Adda, Missionary among the Midland English. \Seventh Century^ The Bollandists have assigned the festival of this holy man to the 17th of January. ^ Camerarius ranks him among the Scottish saints ; and this too may have been correct, for it is possible he lived, at least for some short time, in Scotland. It is probable he was bom about the earlier part of the seventh century. Most likely he was a native of Northumbria, and thus this holy man was English by birth. He was also brothertoUltan,AbbotofCaprseCaput. ^ But,hewentovertoIrelandfor purposes of study, it is said, and to acquire greater perfection. 3 Afterwards he returned to England, and was one of St. Cedd's^ companions in prosecut- ing the work of the Lord among the Midland Saxons. Little more seems to be known concerning him.
Article VI. —St. Molaisse, of Cill-Molaisi, now Kilmolash, CountyofWaterford. AfestivalinhonorofMolaisse,ofCill-Molaisse,
is entered in the Martyrology of Tallagh,^ at the 17th of January. From the following notice, this place should be sought for in the Decies of Munster ;
for on this day, Molaisi, of Cill-Molaisi, in Deisi-Mumhan, is recorded in the MartyrologyofDonegal. ^ Wefindtheexactplace,inthepresentdenomina- tion of Kilmolash parish, partly in the barony of Decies-within-Drum, but chiefly in that of Decies-without-Drum, in the county of Waterford. 3 The ruins of religious edifices may yet be seen within this parish,^ and on a town- land bearing a like name. s Although the time when this present saint flourished has escaped detection, yet of his place the truant imagmation de- picts in the times of old
" various goodly-visaged men and youths resorting there, Some by the flood-side lonely walked ; and other some were seen
Who rapt apart in silent thought paced each his several green ; And stretched in dell and dark ravine, were some that lay supine,
And some in posture prone that lay, and conn'd the written line. "*
Article VII. —Feast of St. Anthony, Monk and Apostle of the Thebaid in Egypt. {Third and Fourth Centuries? )^ Although this great
Article iv. —' See " Lives of the Fa-
thers, Martyrs and other Principal Saints," vol. i. , January xvii.
Article v. —' See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , xvii. Januarii.
Article vi. —' Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xii. In the Franciscan copy we read at this date, molAirfe Cilli moLxirre 'Oepc.
= Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 20, 21.
^ See " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Waterford," Sheets 29, 30, 35.
^ See Lewis' "Topographical Dictionary of Ireland," vol. ii. , p. 181.
s See " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Waterford," Sheet 29.
* See that admirable historic and romantic
poem "Congal," by Samuel Ferguson, LL. D. Book i. , lines 18 to 22.
*
See Bede's "Historia EcclesiasticaGen-
tis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 21, pp.
218, 219-
3 See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise," vii. Januarii. Vita S. Ceddae, n. 4, pp. 20, 21. For this statement Colgan re- lies on Florence of Worcester, who says he
and his companions came "ex provincia Scotorum. "
*SeetheactsofSt. Ceddatthe7thof January.
300 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January 17.
monastic master had no particular connexion with Ireland, he was specially venerated there, as would appear from our most ancient calendars. At the 17 th of January the following stanza occurs in the Leabhar Breac copy of the Felire of St. -^ngus. The original Iri—sh and the English translation
have been supplied by Professor O'Looney
C. XU1. kt, nofmo'LATnAi\ tneriic
ni'OArcALAi'o luclic Cef-Aif cen diitiAiT)
Ifeii Ancoin mAnAig.
C. rui. kl. We should often praise
Though they are not in our conversation
The band who were crucified without crime On the feast of the monk Anthony.
The Franciscan copy of the Martyrology of Tallagh places him likewise among the native saints, at this date, although no less than twenty-seven
foreign saints precede these, according to the generally observed plan in this ancient calendar. ^ Hence we may infer, that the patriarch of eastern monasticism was greatly honoured in the early Irish Church, where his spirit of asceticism was wonderfully emulated by so many self-denying members. St. AnthonywasbornatComainUpperEgypt,a. d. 251; whenstillavery young man he retired to the desert ; about the beginning of the fourth centuryheengagedintheworkoffoundingmonasteries; aftergreatlabours and moitifications his death took place a. d. 356. The great St. Athanasius has written his life. "
ArticleVIII. —St. MicaorMicca,Virgin. Addedinamorerecent
hand, and traced in Roman characters, on the authority of the Martyrology and on that of Marianus O'Gorman,' we find the name of a St. Mica or
Micca, virgin, set down in the Martyrology of Donegal,' on this day. A nearly similar entry occurs in the published Martyrology of Tallagh,3 at the 17th of January, as also in the unpublished one. More we cannot find re-
garding this holy virgin.
ArticleIX. —St. Clairnech,ofDruimBidhg. ASt. Claimech01
Druimbide is mentioned, on the 17th of January, in the Martyrology of
Tallagh. ' There was a Druim-Beathaigh, extending across the plain of
Maenmagh,nearthetownofLoughrea,inGalwaycounty. ' Somesimilarity of sound can be traced in both denominations, yet the locahty cannot be
clearlyascertained. Clairenech,ofDruimBidhg,appearsintheMartyrology
Article vii. —' Such arrangement also " Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. accords with the most ancient Greek and 20, 21.
Latin Martyrologies. The Franciscan copy 3 Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xii. In
enters Anconii m6n ^Xp CebATO egipci
the Franciscan copy we can only decipher
See. . . — for"SanclaeMicK. " ITlcce, probably
Article ix. 'Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly,
p. xii. In the Franciscan copy at this date,
we read 1ncl,A]^enec '0)\otntnA bioe.
'See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (y), p. 28,
atthis
" See Rev. Alban Butler's " Lives of the
day.
Fathers, Martyrs and other Principal Saints," vol. i. , xvii. January.
Article viii. Todd,
—'See a note
by
Dr.
•pobifcTi
:
JANUARY 1 8. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 301
of Donegal,3 on to-day. It is likely to have been that of this saint's demise and first birth in real bliss. '*
Article X. —Reputed Feast of St. Ultan, Monk of Lindisfarne, IN England. \_Eig/iih Century. ! ^ Without further warrant than the fact, that Colgan found the first Ultan named in our calendars at this day, our national hagiologist has introduced the present edifying and learned scribe to the notice of his readers. ' We think, however, that his festival and commemora- tion should be reserved more appropriately for the 8th day of August, where a further account of him may be expected.
(Bi^-)im\i\) J3ap of Samiarp*
ARTICLE I. —ST. DICHUIL, DEICOLUS, OR DEICOLA, ABBOT OF LURE, IN FRANCE.
[SIXTH AND SEVENTH CENTURIES. ] CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION—VARIOUS WRITERS OF ST. DICHUL's ACTS—HIS ORIGIN AND FAMILY CONNEXIONS— STATE OF FRANCE AND GERMANY, WHEN IRISH MISSIONARY ENTER- PRISE BEGAN—ST. DICHUL's BIRTH—HIS INTIMACY WITH ST. COLUMBANUS AND ST. GALLUS—AN ANECDOTE REGARDING HIM—ST. DICHUL LEAVES IRELAND WITH ST. COLUMBAN.
after Ireland's reception of Christianity, the Irish missionary spirit
teaching foreigners,
SOON
became active. Not content with
exceedingly
who came to them for instruction, the Irish clergy, during the seventh, eighth, and ninth centuries, spread themselves over the greater part of Europe. They wished to convert and civilize pagans inhabiting its northern parts. They desired to instruct unlettered Christians, likewise, and this state of spiritual destitution was the case with most of them everywhere, about that period of disorder and disturbance. France, Germany, Switzer- land, and even Italy itself, obtained many zealous apostles, who emigi-ated from our shores. A learned English prelate has written, that there is hardly a diocese, in the countries here mentioned, which does not record the learn- ing and sanctity of several illustrious missionaries from Ireland, who formerly
The most celebrated nurseries of religion and of learning in those ancient times, both in Great Britain and abroad, were all instituted by Irish scholars. '
3 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
20, 21.
* " For death the pure life saves,
And life all pure is love, and love can reach From heaven to earth, and nobler lessons
John Boyle O'Reilly's beautiful verses, in- from Maj-nooth, dated June 29th, 1807. tituled, "Forever," in "The Catholic
served it.
World," May, 1S74. '
Article x. — See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernia;," xvii. Januarii. De B. Ultano Scoto, seuHiberno, Lindisfarnensi Monacho, p. 109. —
'
Art. i. —Chap.
Than those by mortals read. " See Mihier's "Letters from Ireland. " Letter
teach, —
i.
See Rev. Dr.
302 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January i8.
According to Colgan there were four lives of this saint extant, besides thatmoreaccurateonegivenbyhimself^andBollandus. 3 Thiswaspub- lished by both of them at the i8th of January. The first of St. Dichul's acts, left unpublished by Colgan, is a short biography found in Petrus ; the second is more diffuse, and it is given by Vincentius ;5 the third is more accurate than either of the former ones. This latter was published by Hugh Menard. ^ Thefourth,whichisstillmoreextendedandvaluablethananyof those already alluded to, was issued by Belfortius. ? All of these four acts were omitted by Colgan, because they were found to have been only com- pendiums of that life, as published. They were also inferior to the latter, on the score of its superior antiquity.
The latter life had been previously published in the great BoUandist collection. It was written by an anonymous author, who, in the opinion of Bollandus, flourished about seven hundred years before his owti time. This the writer himself seems to insinuate, in the biography : especially in the two last chapters,^ where from allusions made he appears to have been a contemporary with St. Baltheann, Abbot, and first restorer of Lure Monastery, as likewise with Otho I. , before he had been called to the Imperial throne, A. D. 902. The same Avriter also conveys an idea, that he was rather a familiar with the monks of Lure, than that he had been a monk by profes- sion. The style and matter of this ancient life prove its author to have had some acquaintance with classical literature and with the science of his
age. Considering the period at which it was written, it may be regarded as a
tolerable specimen of Latin composition, disfigured however by turgid epithets, and by distorted figures in many of its sentences. ^ According to William Cave,"thiswriterflourishedabouttheyear950. Variousmanuscriptcopies ofhisbiographyappeartohavebeenpreserved. " Fromcertainremarks contained in the preface, it is easy to infer that the author undertook his task of compilation to satisfy the pious requirements of an influential friend. From this too we learn that he dedicated it to a certain Vardolphus. He is represented in the last chapters as having been sent to Otho I. , before he became emperor, to procure a confirmation of a grant for the possession of Lure Monastery to St. Baltrann. This saint was uncle to Vardolphus on the mother's side. The same year Vardolphus succeeded him in the govern- ment of this monastery. The subject of the present memoir was called Dichuill by the Irish. The name has been Latinized to DichuUus but more properly to Deicola, as Colgan remarks, for the origin of the word is derived from a Latin source. It was well known to the Irish and first adopted by them, after their reception of the Christian faith. At a later period, it was still more in use. "
' See " Acta Sanctorum Hibemiae," xviii.
Januarii. Vita S. Deicoli, pp. 115 to 127. 3 See " Acta Sanctorum, tomus ii. , xviii.
' This sort of style begins to betray its
"
tained in ten chapters and forty-six para- digesta. " Pars altera saec. obs. , p. 315. graphs, pp. 199 to 210. " Among these we find the following * Lib. ii. , cap. 98. described by Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy.
5 Lib. xxiv. , cap. i. , and the following Vita S. Deicoli, sive DeicolDe, Abbatis
'° See "
Januarii. Acta S. Deicoli. These are con- toria Literaria facile et perspicua Methdo
chapters.
' " In Observationibus ad Martyrologium
Benedictinum"ad18Januarii.
7 In his supplement.
Lutrensis in Burgundia, auctore anonymo MS. Lutreus. Vita S. Deicoli, MS. Bibl. deI'EcoledeMedecine,Montpellier. Vita S. Deicoli, Abbatis Lutrensis, auctore Monacho anonymo ad an. 620. MS. loel.
