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## p. 13898 (#84) ###########################################




## p. 13899 (#85) ###########################################

13899
LAURENCE STERNE
(1713-1768)
enue
He life of the Reverend Laurence Sterne was as inconsistent
with his profession as with his writings. Reading these, no
one would for a moment believe that he was a clergyman.
Such a career as his would not be possible to-day; but to a Church
of England parson of the eighteenth century, extraordinary moral
latitude was allowed, and toward him extraordinary tolerance was
exercised. Although Sterne's sermons were clever, they were very
peculiar. His contemporaries thought of him only as a literary man,
and it is doubtful if he took himself seriously as a cleric.
He was a
humorist to the marrow, and had all the vagaries of his natural
predilection. Although in his day the English Church was chosen
for a calling, like the army, the navy, or the law, and the re
from a benefice was fitly named a living, it is not likely that he vol-
untarily selected his profession.
He was the great-grandson of Dr. Richard Sterne, Archbishop of
York; and the recollection of his distinguished ancestor, with consid-
erations of family influence, must have decided his vocation. His
father, a younger son, was an ensign of the 34th Regiment, with
which he served in Flanders, taking part in the sieges of Lisle and
Douay. His mother was Agnes Hebert, widow of a captain of good
connections. The ensign and his wife went to Clonmel, in Ireland,
at the close of the war; and there, in barracks, Laurence was born,
November 24th, 1713; his parents and all his progenitors being Eng-
lish. His father having been recalled into active service, the child
was carried from barracks to transport, from Ireland to England, and
was familiar with the shifts, hardships, and vulgarities of a vagabond
military life, until he reached his tenth year. This happy-go-lucky
existence, with its fun, its extravagance, and its pinching poverty, no
doubt influenced his character, and affected his ways of thinking.
At the age of ten he was fortunately rescued from it by a good-
natured cousin, Squire Sterne, and sent first to school at Halifax,
and then to Jesus College, Cambridge, of which the archiepiscopal
great-grandfather had been master. He was entered as a sizar; and
in exchange for his free commons and free tuition, had to render
such services as Goldsmith gave a few years later,- sweeping the
courts, carrying up the dishes to the fellows' dining-hall, and pour-
ing the ale. The position involved some mortifications, and the little
-


## p. 13900 (#86) ###########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13900
beneficiary, already half an invalid, was unequal to much hard work.
But he seems to have accepted all the conditions of life with a good-
natured philosophy that made him popular.
After ordination he procured, through another kinsman, Dr. Jaques
Sterne, the vicarage of Sutton in Yorkshire, and in time a prebendal
stall in York Cathedral. Marrying at twenty-eight, he received from
a friend of his wife the living of Stillington, in the immediate neigh-
borhood of Sutton. The churchman had been fortunate from his
boyhood; and that supposed good luck continued which led to phys-
ical and moral deterioration, and his premature death at fifty-four.
For nearly twenty years he led a free-and-easy life in the country,
reading, painting, fiddling, fishing, shooting, dining, but writing nothing
save his regular sermons, with occasional political squibs and para-
graphs for a Whig newspaper. He had gained, however, a local rep-
utation for wit and story-telling, and was much quoted in York for
smart sayings, not at all sacerdotal. His disposition was extremely
gay, and the kind of gayety he preferred was expensive. His income
proving inadequate, he began to run in debt,- a habit which increased
with his years. He had published a few sermons which found ad-
mirers; but on the first day of January, 1760, being then forty-six years
of age, he burst on an astonished world with two volumes of "The
Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gent. '
Though printed in the provincial town of York, the story gave
him instantaneous renown. York was immensely scandalized at the
satirical levity of its prebend; but London was taken captive by. the
cleverness and the unconventionality of the new free-lance. The book
was republished under the pen-name of Yorick; Yorick being a char-
acter in "Tristram Shandy,'— a sporting parson, who claims descent
from the king's jester in Hamlet. ' Everybody, however, soon knew
the author to be no other than Laurence Sterne. Eager to enjoy
his triumph, he visited London, and was received with an enthusiasm
wholly beyond his fondest anticipations. He was honored and flat-
tered as few authors have been; he was feasted, courted, caressed;
he became at once the talk and the lion of the town. It was a dis-
tinction to have seen, much more to have spoken to, Laurence Sterne.
He was classed with Fielding, Richardson, and Smollett as a master
of prose fiction. Praise was exhausted on his humor, his invention,
his learning, his originality. Lord Falconbridge conferred on him the
living of Coxwould; the arrogant Warburton, Bishop of Gloucester,
presented him with a purse of gold; Reynolds painted his portrait;
Dodsley offered him seven hundred pounds for two more volumes of
(Tristram Shandy,' and a second edition. He was invited to dine
with the most noted men of the metropolis, three weeks in advance;
and the most fashionable game of cards was named after his hero.


## p. 13901 (#87) ###########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13901
Such incense, as welcome as intoxicating to Sterne, turned his head,
ruined his fragile constitution, and undermined such moral principles
as he still professed. Having once enjoyed the stimulus, the diver-
sity, the delightful adulation of London, he could not content himself
in the provinces. He took a house in York for his wife and daugh-
ter Lydia, to whom he was much attached; but passed most of his
own time in the capital, or on the Continent.
The third and fourth volumes of (Tristram Shandy) appeared
in 1761; the fifth and sixth in 1762. Sterne was “fully determined
to write as hard as could be,” and was sure that he could give the
public “two volumes of Shandyism every year for forty years to
come. ”
Too much feasting, however, too late hours, and perhaps too
constant application, wore him out. From birth he had been delicate,
-a tendency to consumption sapping his nervous energies, para-
lyzing his will, and vitiating perhaps his moral impulses. A hemor-
rhage, a cough, and increasing weakness drove him to France for a
sojourn of more than two years. There he met the warmest recep-
tion from literary and fashionable circles, and wrote to Garrick from
Paris:— «'Tis comme à Londres. I have just now a fortnight's dinners
and suppers on my hands. Be it known I Shandy it away fifty times
more than I was ever wont,- talk more nonsense than ever you
heard me talk in all your days, and to more sorts of people. ” When
society would let him, he still worked at the history of the Shandy
family, and in 1765, after his return to England (very little better
for the sort of health journey he had undertaken), he brought out
the fourth installment of two volumes. The later issues only deep-
ened and intensified the impression made by the first two.
He was
universally regarded not only as a writer of rare genius, but as one
of the most original of humorists, and compared with Rabelais and
Cervantes. His novel was accepted on its face in that uncritical
age, and not impartially judged till after his death. But in Dr.
Ferriar's Illustrations of Sterne,' published in 1812, that ingenious
gentleman took pains to track the humorist's phrases and inventions
to their source in Rabelais and other old French authors; to Bur-
ton, from whose (Anatomy of Melancholy, much of his erudition is
«lifted”; to Bishop Hall, Dr. Donne, Dr. Arbuthnot, and many more.
Yet Dr. Ferriar admitted that these appropriations were of material
only; that Sterne, like Shakespeare, bettered what he took, and that
his reputation as a great literary artist is not in the least affected by
this habit of spoliation. Indeed, he was strikingly original,- as such
characters as Walter Shandy, Uncle Toby, Corporal Trim, Dr. Slop,
and the Widow Wadman abundantly testify.
“Tristram Shandy' is in no strict sense a novel. Such story as
there is is constantly interrupted by episodes, digressions, absurdities,
affectations, and incongruities. In more than one volume the whole


## p. 13902 (#88) ###########################################

13902
LAURENCE STERNE
(
(
>
movement is suspended while the author introduces a discourse, a
journey, or any other irrelevant personal experience. But he knew
his own tendencies, and declared that he had reconciled digressive
motion with progressive. ”
Longing to spin out the tawdry life of excitement and pleasure
that seemed so fine to him, yet racked by his cough and hampered by
weakness, Sterne went to Italy in 1765, hoping to improve in a milder
climate. Again he gained little in health; but he managed to bring
out the concluding volume of Tristram Shandy) in 1767. This was
received with hardly diminished favor, and edition after edition of
the coinpleted story was sold. To the taste of to-day it makes lit-
tle appeal,-- its premeditated quaintness, its pervading coarseness, and
its archaisms repel the general reader; yet for its higher qualities it
retains almost unequaled charm to a minority of cultivated minds,
and even children can fall under its spell with a lasting enchantment.
The “Sentimental Journey through France and Italy) was projected
as a long story, but Sterne's strength was unequal to his resolution.
In 1767 he brought out the first part — and the last; full of fine
description and admirable pathos. This work was partly undertaken
to ridicule Smollett's Travels through France and Italy' (1766): one
of its most quoted phrases, “I pity the man who can travel from Dan
to Beersheba, and cry 'Tis all barren, ” is directly aimed at the too
sincere Scotchman, whom he patently nicknames Smelfungus.
At the height of his fame, just after the publication of the 'Senti-
mental Journey,' Sterne died in lodgings, “at the sign of the Silk
Bag” in Old Bond Street, alone but for the presence of a hired nurse.
He had desired to end his life at an inn, and his desire was fulfilled.
Although he had earned much money, he died in debt; and a collec-
tion of eight hundred pounds was made at the York races for his wife
and daughter.
Sterne has been accused of gross vices. He has been called a
man overflowing with sentiment on paper, but devoid of real feeling;
a weeper over dead asses, and a discarder of the common ties of
humanity. His late biographers have defended him stoutly, declaring
his memory to have been maligned. But his own correspondence,
published posthumously, convicts him of many offenses. It has been
said by one of his fairest critics that though in any just estimation
of him, censure must be lost in pity, yet the fact remains that Sterne
is one of the very few men of real genius, who, however faulty in
their lives, have in their writings not sought to be faithful to the
highest truth they knew. Concerning his work there is but one ver-
dict: that whatever its superficial defects, and however unattractive
its quality to modern taste, its art is exquisite; and that by reason
of this its author is entitled to a place with the great masters of
literature.


## p. 13903 (#89) ###########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13903
THE WIDOW WADMAN LAYS SIEGE TO UNCLE TOBY'S HEART
From "The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy)
"I
-
)
Am half distracted, Captain Shandy,” said Mrs. Wadman, hold-
ing up her cambric handkerchief to her left eye, as she
approached the door of my Uncle Toby's sentry-box. "A
mote, or sand, or something — I know not what — has got into
this eye of mine; do look into it—it is not in the white. ”
In saying which, Mrs. Wadman edged herself close in beside
my Uncle Toby, and squeezing herself down upon the corner of
his bench, she gave him an opportunity of doing it without
rising up.
“Do look into it,” said she.
Honest soul! thou didst look into it with as inuch innocence
of heart as ever child looked into a raree-show box; and 'twere
as much a sin to have hurt thee.
If a man will be peeping of his own accord into things of
that nature, I've nothing to say to it.
My Uncle Toby never did; and I will answer for him that he
would have sat quietly upon a sofa from June to January (which,
you know, takes in both the hot and cold months) with an eye
as fine as the Thracian Rhodope's beside him, without being able
to tell whether it was a black or a blue one.
The difficulty was to get my Uncle Toby to look at one
at all.
'Tis surmounted. And -
I see him yonder, with his pipe pendulous in his hand, and
the ashes falling out of it, looking and looking, then rubbing his
eyes and looking again, with twice the good-nature that ever
Galileo looked for a spot in the sun.
In vain! for by all the powers which animate the organ,
Widow Wadman's left eye shines this moment as lucid as her
right: there is neither mote, nor sand, nor dust, nor chaff, nor
speck, nor particle of opaque matter floating in it; there is
nothing, my dear paternal uncle, but one lambent delicious fire,
furtively shooting out from every part of it, in all directions, into
thine.
If thou lookest, Uncle Toby, in search of this mote one mo-
ment longer, thou art undone.
1


## p. 13904 (#90) ###########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13904
THE STORY OF LE FEVRE
From The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy)
>
I"
T WAS some time in the summer of that year in which Den-
dermond was taken by the Allies, which was about seven
years before my father came into the country, and about as
many after the time that my Uncle Toby and Trim had pri-
vately decamped from my father's house in town in order to lay
some of the finest sieges to some of the finest fortified cities in
Europe, - when my Uncle Toby was one evening getting his
supper, with Trim sitting behind him at a small sideboard: I say
sitting, for in consideration of the Corporal's lame knee (which
sometimes gave him exquisite pain), when my Uncle Toby dined
or supped alone he would never suffer the Corporal to stand;
and the poor fellow's veneration for his master was such, that
with a proper artillery my Uncle Toby could have taken Den-
dermond itself with less trouble than he was able to gain this
point over him: for many a time when my Uncle Toby supposed
the Corporal's leg was at rest, he would look back and detect
him standing behind him with the most dutiful respect; this
bred more little squabbles betwixt them than all other causes
for five-and-twenty years together.
But this is neither here nor
there: why do I mention it? Ask my pen: it governs me-I
govern not it.
He was one evening sitting thus at his supper, when the land.
lord of a little inn in the village came into the parlor with an
empty phial in his hand, to beg a glass or two of sack: «'Tis for
a poor gentleman, I think of the army,” said the landlord, “who
has been taken ill at my house four days ago, and has never
held up his head since, or had a desire to taste anything till just
now, that he has a fancy for a glass of sack and a thin toast:
I think,' says he, taking his hand from his forehead, it would
comfort me. ' If I could neither beg, borrow, nor buy such a
thing,” added the landlord, “I would almost steal it for the poor
gentleman, he is so ill. I hope in God he will still mend,” con-
tinued he: « we are all of us concerned for him. ”
“Thou art a good-natured soul, I will answer for thee,” cried
my Uncle Toby; "and thou shalt drink the poor gentleman's
health in a glass of sack thyself, and take a couple of bottles,
with my service, and tell him he is heartily welcome to them,
and to a dozen more if they will do him good.
>


## p. 13905 (#91) ###########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13905
-
of age:
“Though I am persuaded,” said my Uncle Toby as the land-
lord shut the door, he is a very compassionate fellow, Trim, yet
I cannot help entertaining a high opinion of his guest too; there
must be something more than common in him, that in so short
a time should win so much upon the affections of his host. ”
"And of his whole family,” added the Corporal, "for they are all
,
concerned for him. ” — "Step after him," said my Uncle Toby;
“"
do, Trim, and ask if he knows his name. ”
“I have quite forgot it, truly," said the landlord, coming back
into the parlor with the Corporal, “but I can ask his son again. ”
-«Has he a son with him, then? ” said my Uncle Toby. -
"A boy,” replied the landlord, “of about eleven or twelve years
but the poor creature has tasted almost as little as his
father; he does nothing but mourn and lament for him night
and day.
He has not stirred from the bedside these two days. ”
My Uncle Toby laid down his knife and fork, and thrust his
plate from before him, as the landlord gave him the account;
and Trim, without being ordered, took it away without saying
one word, and in a few minutes after brought him his pipe and
tobacco.
“Stay in the room a little,” said my Uncle Toby.
« Trim,” said my Uncle Toby, after he had lighted his pipe
and smoked about a dozen whiffs. Trim came in front of his
master and made his bow; my Uncle Toby smoked on and said
« Corporal,” said my Uncle Toby. The Corporal made
his bow. My Uncle Toby proceeded no farther, but finished his
pipe.
« Trim," said my Uncle Toby, "I have a project in my head,
as it is a bad night, of wrapping myself up warm in my roque-
laure, and paying a visit to this poor gentleman. ” — “Your Hon-
or's roquelaure,” replied the Corporal, “has not once been had
on since the night before your Honor received your wound, when
we mounted guard in the trenches before the gate of St. Nicolas;
and besides, it is so cold and rainy a night, that what with the
roquelaure and what with the weather, 'twill be enough to give
your Honor your death, and bring on your Honor's torment
in your groin. ”—“I fear so,” replied my Uncle Toby; “but I am
not at rest in my mind, Trim, since the account the landlord
has given me. I wish I had not known so much of this affair,”
added my Uncle Toby, “or that I had known more of it. How
shall we manage it ? ” — "Leave it, an' please your Honor, to me,”
XXIV-870
»
no more.


## p. 13906 (#92) ###########################################

13906
LAURENCE STERNE
quoth the Corporal: "I'll take my hat and stick and go to the
house and reconnoitre, and act accordingly; and I will bring your
Honor a full account in an hour. ” - « Thou shalt go, Trim," said
my Uncle Toby; "and here's a shilling for thee to drink with
his servant. ” — "I shall get it all out of him," said the Corporal,
shutting the door.
My Uncle Toby filled his second pipe; and had it not been
that he now and then wandered from the point with considering
whether it was not full as well to have the curtain of the tenaile
a straight line as a crooked one, he might be said to have thought
of nothing else but poor Le Fevre and his boy the whole time
he smoked it.
»
((
»
It was not till my Uncle Toby had knocked the ashes out of
his third pipe that Corporal Trim returned from the inn, and
gave him the following account:
"I despaired at first,” said the Corporal, of being able to
bring back to your Honor any kind of intelligence concerning
the poor sick lieutenant. ” — “Is he in the army, then ? ” said my
Uncle Toby. — "He is,” said the Corporal. — “And in what regi-
ment ? " said my Uncle Toby. — “I'll tell your Honor,” replied the
Corporal, "everything straightforwards as I learnt it. ” — «Then,
Trim, I'll fill another pipe,” said my Uncle Toby, “and not inter-
rupt thee till thou hast done; so sit down at thy ease, Trim, in
the window-seat, and begin thy story again. ” — The Corporal
made his old bow, which generally spoke as plain as a bow could
speak it, “Your Honor is good. ” And having done that, he sat
down as he was ordered, and began the story to my Uncle Toby
over again, in pretty near the same words.
"I despaired at first,” said the Corporal, "of being able to
bring back any intelligence to your Honor about the lieutenant
and his son; for when I asked where his servant was, from
whom I made myself sure of knowing everything which was
proper to be asked — [“That's a right distinction, Trim,” said my
Uncle Toby. ]-"I was answered, an' please your Honor, that he
had no servant with him; that he had come to the inn with hired
horses, which, upon finding himself unable to proceed (to join, I
suppose, the regiment), he had dismissed the morning after he
came. If I get better, my dear,' said he, as he gave his purse
to his son to pay the man, we can hire horses from hence. )
But, alas! the poor gentleman will never get from hence, said
(


## p. 13907 (#93) ###########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13907
>>
)
>>
the landlady to me, for I heard the death-watch all night long;
and when he dies, the youth his son will certainly die with him,
for he is broken-hearted already. '
“I was hearing this account, continued the Corporal, “when
the youth came into the kitchen, to order the thin toast the land-
lord spoke of. But I will do it for my father myself,' said the
.
youth. '— 'Pray let me save you the trouble, young gentleman,'
said I, taking up a fork for that purpose, and offering him my
chair to sit down upon by the fire whilst I did it. - I believe,
sir,' said he very modestly, I can please him best myself. '-
I am sure,' said I, his Honor will not like the toast the worse
for being toasted by an old soldier. The youth took hold of my
hand, and instantly burst into tears. " — "Poor youth! ” said my
Uncle Toby: (he has been bred up from an infant in the army,
and the name of a soldier, Trim, sounded in his ears like the
name of a friend. I wish I had him here. ”
"I never in the longest march,” said the Corporal, had so
great a mind to my dinner as I had to cry with him for
company. What could be the matter with me, an' please your
Honor? ” – "Nothing in the world, Trim,” said my Uncle Toby,
blowing his nose, but that thou art a good-natured fellow. ”
“
“When I gave him the toast, continued the Corporal, "I
thought it was proper to tell him I was Captain Shandy's serv-
ant, and that your Honor (though a stranger) was extremely
concerned for his father, and that if there was anything in your
house or cellar” – ["And thou mightest have added my purse,
too,” said my Uncle Toby. ] - "he was heartily welcome to it.
He made a very low bow (which was meant to your Honor), but
no answer, for his heart was full; so he went up-stairs with the
toast. 'I warrant you, my dear,' said I as I opened the kitchen
door, 'your father will be well again. ' Mr. Yorick's curate was
smoking a pipe by the kitchen fire; but said not a word, good or
bad, to comfort the youth. I thought it wrong," added the Cor-
poral. — “I think so too,” said my Uncle Toby.
“When the lieutenant had taken his glass of sack and toast,
he felt himself a little revived, and sent down into the kitchen
to let me know that in about ten minutes he should be glad if
I would step up-stairs. I believe,' said the landlord, 'he is going
to say his prayers; for there was a book laid upon the chair
by his bedside, and as I shut the door I saw his son take up a
cushion.
»
»
»


## p. 13908 (#94) ###########################################

13908
LAURENCE STERNE
-
:! ;*
(c
“I thought,' said the curate, that you gentlemen of the
army, Mr. Trim, never said your prayers at all. ' - 'I heard the
poor gentleman say his prayers last night,' said the landlady,
'very devoutly, and with my own ears, or I could not have be.
lieved it. '— 'Are you sure of it ? ' replied the curate. — A soldier,
an' please your Reverence,' said I, 'prays as often (of his own
accord) as a parson; and when he is fighting for his king and
for his own life, and for his honor too, he has the most reason to
pray to God of any one in the whole world. ) » « 'Twas well said
of thee, Trim,” said my Uncle Toby. - « But when a soldier,'
said I, “an' please your Reverence, has been standing for twelve
hours together in the trenches up to his knees in cold water,
or engaged,said I, 'for months together in long and dangerous
marches,- harassed perhaps in his rear to-day, harassing others
to-morrow; detached here, countermanded there; resting this night
out upon his arms, beat up in his shirt the next, benumbed in
his joints, perhaps without straw in his tent to kneel on,- must
say his prayers how and when he can, I believe,' said I - for I
was piqued,” quoth the Corporal, for the reputation of the
army-'I believe, an' please your Reverence,' said I, that when
a soldier gets time to pray, he prays as heartily as a parson,
though not with all his fuss and hypocrisy.
) » — «Thou shouldst
not have said that, Trim,” said my Uncle Toby, "for God only
knows who is a hypocrite and who is not. At the great and
general review of us all, Corporal, at the Day of Judgment
(and not till then), it will be seen who have done their duties in
this world and who have not; and we shall be advanced, Trim,
accordingly. ” — "I hope we shall,” said Trim. — "It is in the
Scripture,” said my Uncle Toby, “and I will show it thee to-
morrow; in the mean time we may depend upon it, Trim, for our
comfort,” said my Uncle Toby, “that God Almighty is so good
and just a governor of the world, that if we have but done our
duties in it, it will never be inquired into whether we have done
them in a red coat or a black one. ” — "I hope not,” said the
Corporal. — “But go on, Trim,” said my Uncle Toby, “with thy
story. ”
“When I went up,” continued the Corporal, “into the lieuten-
ant's room, which I did not do until the expiration of the ten
minutes, he was lying in his bed with his head raised upon his
hand, with his elbow upon the pillow, and a clean white cambric
handkerchief beside it. The youth was just stooping down to
»
»
((
»


## p. 13909 (#95) ###########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13909
(
take up the cushion, upon which I supposed he had been kneel.
ing; the book was laid upon the bed; and as he rose, in taking
up the cushion with one hand, he reached out his other to take
it away at the same time. “Let it remain there, my dear,' said
the lieutenant.
“He did not offer to speak to me till I had walked up close
to his bedside. 'If you are Captain Shandy's servant,' said he,
'you must present my thanks to your master, with my little
boy's thanks along with them, for his courtesy to me: if he was
of Leven's,' said the lieutenant- I told him your Honor was —
'then,' said he, 'I served three campaigns with him in Flan-
ders, and remember him; but 'tis most likely, as I had not the
honor of any acquaintance with him, that he knows nothing of
me. You will tell him, however, that the person his good-nature
has laid under obligations to him is one Le Fevre, a lieutenant
in Angus's — but he knows me not,' said he a second time, mus-
ing. Possibly he may my story,' added he. Pray tell the
captain I was the ensign at Breda whose wife was most unfor-
tunately killed with a musket-shot as she lay in my arms in my
tent. '-'I remember the story, an' please your Honor,' said I,
'very well. '-'Do you so ? ' said he, wiping his eyes with his
handkerchief; (then well may 1. In saying this he drew a little
ring out of his bosom, which seemed tied with a black ribbon
about his neck, and kissed it twice. 'Here, Billy,' said he. The
boy flew across the room to the bedside, and falling down upon
his knee, took the ring in his hand and kissed it too, then kissed
his father, and sat down upon the bed and wept. ”
“I wish,” said my Uncle Toby with a deep sigh, "I wish,
Trim, I was asleep. ”
“Your Honor,” replied the Corporal, “is too much concerned.
Shall I pour your Honor out a glass of sack to your pipe ? »
"Do, Trim,” said my Uncle Toby.
"I remember,” said my Uncle Toby, sighing again, «the
(
story of the ensign and his wife; and particularly well, that he,
as well as she, upon some account or other (I forget what), was
universally pitied by the whole regiment. But finish the story
thou art upon. ” — “ 'Tis finished already,” said the Corporal, “for
I could stay no longer, so wished his Honor a good night: young
Le Fevre rose from off the bed, and saw me to the bottom of
the stairs; and as we went down together, told me they had
come from Ireland, and were on their route to join the regiment
>
(
(
»


## p. 13910 (#96) ###########################################

13910
LAURENCE STERNE
»
(
in Flanders. “But alas! ” said the Corporal, “the lieutenant's
last day's march is over. ” — «Then what is to become of his
poor boy? ” cried my Uncle Toby.
It was to my Uncle Toby's eternal honor - though I tell it
only for the sake of those who, when cooped in betwixt a nat.
ural and a positive law, know not for their souls which way
in the world to turn themselves — that notwithstanding my Uncle
Toby was warmly engaged at that time in carrying on the siege
of Dendermond parallel with the Allies, who pressed theirs on so
vigorously that they scarce allowed him time to get his dinner,
that nevertheless he gave up Dendermond, though he had already
made a lodgment upon the counterscarp, and bent his whole
thoughts towards the private distresses at the inn; and except
that he ordered the garden gate to be bolted up, by which he
might be said to have turned the siege of Dendermond into a
blockade, he left Dendermond to itself, to be relieved or not by
the French king as the French king thought good; and only con-
sidered how he himself should relieve the poor lieutenant and his
son.
That kind Being who is a friend to the friendless shall recom-
pense thee for this.
« Thou hast left this matter short,” said my Uncle Toby to
the Corporal as he was putting him to bed, and I will tell thee
in what, Trim. In the first place, when thou madest an offer
of my services to Le Fevre, as sickness and traveling are both
expensive, and thou knewest he was but a poor lieutenant,
with a son to subsist as well as himself out of his pay, that
thou didst not make an offer to him of my purse; because, had
he stood in need, thou knowest, Trim, he had been as welcome to
it as myself. ” — «Your Honor knows,” said the Corporal, “I
“
"
had no orders. ” — «True, quoth my Uncle Toby: "thou didst
"
very right, Trim, as a soldier, but certainly very wrong as a
man. ”
“In the second place, for which indeed thou hast the same
excuse," continued my Uncle Toby, “when thou offeredst him
whatever was in my house, thou shouldst have offered him my
house too. A sick brother officer should have the best quarters,
Trim; and if we had him with us, we could tend and look to
him. Thou art an excellent nurse thyself, Trim; and what with
thy care of him, and the old woman's, and his boy's, and mine
((
a
1
>


## p. 13911 (#97) ###########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13911
c
»
together, we might recruit him again at once, and set him upon
his legs.
«In a fortnight or three weeks,” added my Uncle Toby, smil-
ing, he might march. ” — “He will never march, an' please your
"– «
Honor, in this world,” said the Corporal. He will march,”
said my Uncle Toby, rising up from the side of the bed with
one shoe off. —"An' please your Honor," said the Corporal, "he
will never march but to his grave. ” — “He shall march,” cried my
Uncle Toby, marching the foot which had a shoe on, though
without advancing an inch, "he shall march to his regiment. ”
“He cannot stand it,” said the Corporal. — "He shall be sup-
ported,” said my Uncle Toby. — “He'll drop at last,” said the
Corporal, “and what will become of his boy ? ” — “He shall not
drop," said my Uncle Toby firmly. - "Ah, well-a-day, do what
we can for him," said Trim, maintaining his point, “the poor soul
will die. ” – “He shall not die, by G-,” cried my Uncle Toby.
The Accusing Spirit which flew up to heaven's chancery with
the oath, blushed as he gave it in; and the Recording Angel, as
he wrote it down, dropped a tear upon the word, and blotted it
out forever.
(
-
(
My Uncle Toby went to his bureau, put his purse into his
breeches pocket, and having ordered the Corporal to go early in
the morning for a physician, he went to bed and fell asleep.
The sun looked bright the morning after, to every eye in the
village but Le Fevre's and his afflicted son's; the hand of death
pressed heavy upon his eyelids; and hardly could the wheel of
the cistern turn round its circle, when my Uncle Toby, who had
rose up an hour before his wonted time, entered the lieuten-
ant's room, and without preface or apology sat himself down upon
the chair by the bedside, and independently of all modes and
customs, opened the curtain in the manner an old friend and
brother officer would have done it, and asked him how he did,
how he had rested in the night, what was his complaint, where
was his pain, and what he could do to help him ? And without
giving him time to answer any one of the inquiries, went on and
told him of the little plan which he had been concerting with the
Corporal the night before for him.
“But you shall go home directly, Le Fevre,” said my Uncle
Toby, “to my house, and we'll send for a doctor to see what's
»


## p. 13912 (#98) ###########################################

13912
LAURENCE STERNE
the matter, and we'll have an apothecary, and the Corporal shall
be your nurse, and I'll be your servant, Le Fevre. ”
There was a frankness in my Uncle Toby — not the effect of
familiarity, but the cause of it - which let you at once into his
soul, and showed you the goodness of his nature. To this there
was something in his looks and voice and manner superadded,
which eternally beckoned to the unfortunate to come and take
shelter under him. So that before my Uncle Toby had half
finished the kind offers he was making to the father, had the
son insensibly pressed up close to his knees, and had taken hold
of the breast of his coat, and was pulling it towards him. The
blood and spirits of Le Fevre, which were waxing cold and slow
within him, and were retreating to the last citadel, the heart, ral-
lied back. The film forsook his eyes for a moment.
He looked
up wistfully in my Uncle Toby's face, then cast a look upon his
boy; and that ligament, fine as it was, was never broken.
Nature instantly ebbed again. The film returned to its place;
the pulse fluttered, stopped, went on — throbbed, stopped again
moved, stopped - Shall I go on? No.
I AM
so impatient to return to my own story that what
remains of young Le Fevre's — that is, from this turn of his
fortune to the time my Uncle Toby recommended him for my
preceptor — shall be told in a very few words in the next chapter.
All that is necessary to be added to this chapter is as follows:--
That my Uncle Toby, with young Le Fevre in his hand,
attended the poor lieutenant as chief mourners to his grave.
THE START
From A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy)
(
'THEY
"
(
HEY order,” said I, “this matter better in France - »
“You have been in France ? ” said my gentleman, turn-
ing quick upon me, with the most civil triumph in the
world.
« Strange ! » quoth I, debating the matter with myself, “that
one-and-twenty miles' sailing (for 'tis absolutely no further from
Dover to Calais) should give a man these rights — I'll look into
them: so, giving up the argument, I went straight to my
lodgings, put up half a dozen shirts and a black pair of silk
-
1
1


## p. 13913 (#99) ###########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13913
breeches — “the coat I have on,” said I, looking at the sleeve,
“will do ” — took a place in the Dover stage; and the packet sail-
ing at nine the next morning, by three I had got sat down to
my dinner upon a fricasseed chicken, so incontestably in France
that had I died that night of an indigestion, the whole world
could not have suspended the effects of the droits d'aubaine:
my shirts, and black pair of silk breeches, portmanteau, and all,
must have gone to the King of France; even the little picture
which I have so long worn, and so often have told thee, Eliza,
I would carry with me to my grave, would have been torn from
my neck. –Ungenerous! — to seize upon the wreck of an unwary
passenger, whom your subjects had beckoned to their coast! -
by heaven! sire, it is not well done; and much does it grieve
me, 'tis the monarch of a people so civilized and courteous, and
so renowned for sentiment and fine feelings, that I have to rea-
son with
But I have scarce set foot in your dominions,
-
(
When I had finished my dinner, and drank the King of
France's health, to satisfy my mind that I bore him no spleen,
but on the contrary, high honor for the humanity of his temper,
I rose up an inch taller for the accommodation.
– “No," said I, “the Bourbon is by no means a cruel race:
they may be misled, like other people, but there is a mildness
in their blood. ” As I acknowledged this, I felt a suffusion of a
finer kind upon my cheek, more warm and friendly to man than
what burgundy (at least of two livres a bottle, which was such
as I had been drinking) could have produced.
-"Just God! ” said I, kicking my portmanteau aside, “what
is there in this world's goods which should sharpen our spirits.
and make so many kind-hearted brethren of us fall out so cruelly
as we do by the way?
When man is at peace with man, how much lighter than a
feather is the heaviest of metals in his hand! He pulls out his
purse, and holding it airily and uncompressed, looks round him
as if he sought for an object to share it with. In doing this, I
felt every vessel in my frame dilate — the arteries beat all . cheer-
ily together - and every power which sustained life performed
it with so little friction that 'twould have confounded the most
physical précieuse in France: with all her materialism, she could
scarce have called me a machine-


## p. 13914 (#100) ##########################################

13914
LAURENCE STERNE
"I'm confident," said I to myself, “I should have overset her
creed. ”
The accession of that idea carried Nature, at that time, as
high as she could go. — I was at peace with the world before,
and this finished the treaty with myself -
“Now, was I a King of France, cried I, what a moment
for an orphan to have begged his father's portmanteau of me! ”
((
1
THE MONK
1
1
From (A Sentimental Journey)
HAD scarce uttered the words, when a poor monk of the order
I to
convent.
The moment I cast my eyes upon him, I was predeter-
mined not to give him a single sous; and accordingly I put
up my purse into my pocket, buttoned it up, set myself a little
more upon my centre, and advanced up gravely to him; there
was something, I fear, forbidding in my look: I have his figure
this moment before my eyes, and think there was that in it
which deserved better.
The monk, as I judged from the break in his tonsure (a few
scattered white hairs upon his temples being all that remained
of it), might be about seventy; but from his eyes, and that sort
of fire which was in them, which seemed more tempered by
courtesy than years, could be no more than sixty;— truth might
lie between; — he was certainly sixty-five; and the general air
of his countenance, notwithstanding something seemed to have
been planting wrinkles in it before their time, agreed to the
account.
It was one of those heads which Guido has often painted, -
mild, pale, penetrating,- free from all commonplace ideas of fat
–
contented ignorance looking downwards upon the earth, -it
looked forwards; but looked as if it looked at something beyond
this world. How one of his order came by it, Heaven above,
who let it fall upon a monk's shoulders, best knows; but it would
have suited a Brahmin; and had I met it upon the plains of Hin-
dostan, I had reverenced it.
The rest of his outline may be given in a few strokes; one
might put it into the hands of any one to design, for 'twas


## p. 13915 (#101) ##########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13915
neither elegant nor otherwise, but as character and expression
made it so: it was a thin, spare form, something above the com-
mon size, if it lost not the distinction by a bend forward in the
figure — but it was the attitude of entreaty; and as it now stands
presented to my imagination, it gained more than it lost by it.
When he had entered the room three paces, he stood still;
and laying his left hand upon his breast (a slender white staff
with which he journeyed being in his right), when I had got
close up to him he introduced himself with the little story of the
wants of his convent, and the poverty of his order; and did it
with so simple a grace, and such an air of deprecation was there
in the whole cast of his look and figure, I was bewitched not to
have been struck with it. "
A better reason was, I had predetermined not to give him a
single sous.
>>
“'Tis very true," said I, replying to a cast upwards with his
eyes, with which he had concluded his address — "'tis very true
and Heaven be their resource who have no other but the char.
ity of the world; the stock of which, I fear, is no way sufficient
for the many great claims which are hourly made upon it. ”
As I pronounced the words "great claims,” he gave a slight
glance with his eye downward upon the sleeve of his tunic. - I
felt the full force of the appeal. — “I acknowledge it,” said I; "a
coarse habit, and that but once in three years, with meagre diet,
are no great matters: and the true point of pity is, as they can
be earned in the world with so little industry, that your order
should wish to procure them by pressing upon a fund which
is the property of the lame, the blind, the aged, and the infirm;
the captive who lies down counting over and over again the
days of his afflictions, languishes also for his share of it;-and
had you been of the order of mercy instead of the order of St.
Francis, poor as I am,” continued I, pointing to my portmanteau,
“full cheerfully should it have been opened to you for the ran-
som of the unfortunate. ” — The monk made me a bow. But
of all others,” resumed I, “the unfortunate of our own country
surely have the first rights; and I have left thousands in dis-
tress upon our own shore. ” — The monk gave a cordial wave with
his head, as much as to say, "No doubt there is misery enough
in every corner of the world, as well as within our convent. ”.
But we distinguish,” said I, laying my hand upon the sleeve
of his tunic, in return for his appeal, — “we distinguish, my good
(
>


## p. 13916 (#102) ##########################################

13916
LAURENCE STERNE
(
father, betwixt those who wish only to eat the bread of their own
labors, and those who eat the bread of other people's, and have
no other plan in life but to get through it in sloth and ignorance
for the love of God. ”
The poor Franciscan made no reply:- a hectic of a moment
passed across his cheek, but could not tarry;— Nature seemed to
have had done with her resentments in him:— he showed none;
but letting his staff fall within his arm, he pressed both his
hands with resignation upon his breast, and retired.
My heart smote me the moment he shut the door. — “Pshaw! ”
said I, with an 'air of carelessness, three several times,– but it
would not do; every ungracious syllable I had uttered crowded
back into my imagination. I reflected, I had no right over the
poor Franciscan but to deny him; and that the punishment of
that was enough to the disappointed without the addition of
unkind language. - I considered his gray hairs; his courteous
figure seemed to re-enter, and gently ask me what injury he had
done me, and why I could use him thus: I would have given
twenty livres for an advocate. - "I have behaved very ill,” said I
within myself; “but I have only just set out upon my travels,
and shall learn better manners as I get along. ”
I feel a damp upon my spirits, as I am going to add that in
my last return through Calais, upon inquiring after Father Lo-
renzo, I heard that he had been dead near three months; and was
buried, not in his convent, but according to his desire, in a little
cemetery belonging to it, about two leagues off.
I had a strong
desire to see where they had laid him— when, upon pulling out
his little horn box, as I sat by his grave, and plucking up a
nettle or two at the head of it, which had no business to grow
there, they all struck together so forcibly upon my affections,
that I burst into a flood of tears: but I am as weak as a woman;
and I beg the world not to smile, but pity me.
C
THE DEAD ASS
From "A Sentimental Journey)
>
((
“AND
(
ND this,” said he, putting the remains of a crust into his
wallet, and this should have been thy portion, said
he, "hadst thou been alive to have shared it with me. ” I Ι
thought, by the accent, it had been an apostrophe to his child;
but 'twas to his ass, and to the very ass we had seen dead in


## p. 13917 (#103) ##########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13917
the road, which had occasioned La Fleur's misadventure. The
man seemed to lament it much: and it instantly brought into
my mind Sancho's lamentation for his; but he did it with more
true touches of nature.
The mourner was sitting upon a stone bench at the door,
with the ass's pannel and its bridle on one side, which he took
up from time to time — then laid them down — looked at them,
and shook his head. He then took his crust of bread out of his
wallet again, as if to eat it; held it some time in his hand; then
laid it upon the bit of his ass's bridle, looked wistfully at the
little arrangement he had made, and then gave a sigh.
The simplicity of his grief drew numbers about him, and La
Fleur amongst the rest, whilst the horses were getting ready: as
I continued sitting in the post-chaise, I could see and hear over
their heads.
He said he had come last from Spain, where he had been
from the furthest borders of Franconia; and had got so far on
his return home, when his ass died. Every one seemed desirous
to know what business could have taken so old and poor a man
so far a journey from his own home.
It had pleased Heaven, he said, to bless him with three sons,
the finest lads in all Germany; but having in one week lost two
of the eldest of them by the small-pox, and the youngest falling
ill of the same distemper, he was afraid of being bereft of them
all; and made a vow, if Heaven would not take him from him
also, he would go in gratitude to St. Iago in Spain.
When the mourner got thus far on his story, he stopped to
pay nature his tribute, and wept bitterly.
He said Heaven had accepted the conditions; and that he had
set out from his cottage with this poor creature, which had been
a patient partner of his journey; that it had ate the same bread
with him all the way, and was unto him as a friend.
Everybody who stood about heard the poor fellow with con-
cern. La Fleur offered him money. The mourner said he did
not want it: it was not the value of the ass, but the loss of him.
The ass, he said, he was assured, loved him: and upon this, told
them a long story of a mischance upon their passage over the
Pyrenean mountains, which had separated them from each other
three days; during which time the ass had sought him as much
as he had sought the ass, and that they had scarce either ate or
drank till they met.


## p. 13918 (#104) ##########################################

13918
LAURENCE STERNE
>
!
“Thou hast one comfort, friend,” said I, at least, in the loss
of thy poor beast: I'm sure thou hast been a merciful master to
him. ” — “Alas! ” said the mourner, “I thought so when he was
alive: but now that he is dead, I think otherwise; I fear that
the weight of myself and my afflictions together have been too
much for him,- they have shortened the poor creature's days,
and I fear I have them to answer for. ” — “Shame on the world! »
said I to myself. « Did we but love each other as this poor
soul loved his ass - 'twould be something. "
THE PULSE
PARIS
From A Sentimental Journey)
H
Ail, ye small sweet courtesies of life! for smooth do ye make
the road of it; like grace and beauty, which beget inclina-
tions to love at first sight: 'tis ye who open this door, and
let the stranger in.
-"Pray, madam,” said I, have the goodness to tell me which
-
way I must turn to go to the Opéra Comique ? ”
“Most willingly, monsieur,” said she, laying aside her work.
I had given a cast with my eye into half a dozen shops as
I came along, in search of a face not likely to be disordered
by such an interruption; till at last, this hitting my fancy, I had
walked in.
She was working a pair of ruffles as she sat in a low chair
on the far side of the shop, facing the door.
“Très volontiers — most willingly,” said she, laying her work
down upon a chair next her, and rising up from the low chair
she was sitting in, with so cheerful a movement and so cheerful
a look that had I been laying out fifty louis d'ors with her, I
should have said, “That woman is grateful. ”
“You must turn, monsieur,” said she, going with me to the
door of the shop, and pointing the way down the street I was
to take — "you must turn first to your right hand, - mais prenez
garde, there are two turns, and be so good as to take the second,
then go down a little way, and you'll see a church; and when
you are past it, give yourself the trouble to turn directly to the
right, and that will lead you to the foot of the Pont-Neuf, which


## p. 13919 (#105) ##########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13919
you must cross, and there any one will do himself the pleasure
to show you. "
She repeated her instructions three times over to me, with the
same good-natured patience the third time as the first; and if
tones and manners have a meaning,— which certainly they have,
unless to hearts which shut them out, — she seemed really inter-
ested that I should not lose myself.
I will not suppose it was the woman's beauty (notwithstand-
ing she was the handsomest grisette, I think, I ever saw) which
had much to do with the sense I had of her courtesy; only I
remember when I told her how much I was obliged to her, that
I looked very full in her eyes, and that I repeated my thanks as
often as she had done her instructions.
I had not got ten paces from the door, before I found I had
forgot every tittle of what she had said; so looking back, and
seeing her still standing in the door of the shop, as if to look
whether I went right or not, I returned back to ask her whether
the first turn was to my right or left, for that I had absolutely
forgot.
"It is impossible! ” said she, half laughing.
«O'Tis very possible,” replied I, “when a man is thinking
more of a woman than of her good advice. ”
As this was the real truth, she took it, as every woman takes
a matter of right, with a slight courtesy.
- "Attendez ! ” said she, laying her hand' upon my arm to
detain me, whilst she called a lad out of the back shop to get
ready a parcel of gloves. "I am just going to send him," said
she, with a packet into that quarter; and if you will have the
complaisance to step in, it will be ready in a moment, and he
shall attend you to the place. ”
So I walked in with her to the far side of the shop; and tak-
ing up the ruffle in my hand which she laid upon the chair, as
if I had a mind to sit, she sat down herself in her low chair, and
I instantly sat myself down beside her.
-"He will be ready, monsieur,” said she, “in a moment. ”
"And in that moment,” replied I, “most willingly would I say
something very civil to you for all these courtesies. Any one
may do a casual act of good-nature, but a continuation of them
shows it is a part of the temperature; and certainly,” added
I, “if it is the same blood which comes from the heart which
>
(
»
(
>
>


## p. 13920 (#106) ##########################################

13920
LAURENCE STERNE
»
>>
(
)
descends to the extremes” (touching her wrist), "I am sure you
must have one of the best pulses of any woman in the world. ”
“Feel it,” said she, holding out her arm.
So laying down my hat, I took hold of her fingers in one
hand, and applied the two forefingers of my other to the artery.
Would to Heaven! my dear Eugenius, thou hadst passed
by and beheld me sitting in my black coat, and in my lackadai-
sical manner counting the throbs of it, one by one, with as much
true devotion as if I had been watching the critical ebbor
flow of her fever: how wouldst thou have laughed and moralized
upon my new profession! - and thou shouldst have laughed and
moralized on. Trust me, my dear Eugenius, I should have said,
« There are worse occupations in this world than feeling a woman's
pulse. “But a grisette's! thou wouldst have said; "and in an
open shop! Yorick » –
“So much the better: for when my views are direct, Eu-
genius, I care not if all the world saw me feel it. ”
I had counted twenty pulsations, and was going on fast to-
wards the fortieth, when her husband, coming unexpected from a
back parlor into the shop, put me a little out of my reckoning.
« 'Twas nobody but her husband,” she said; — so I began a fresh
score.
Monsieur is so good,” quoth she as he passed by us, "as to
give himself the trouble of feeling my pulse. ”
The husband took off his hat, and making me a bow, said I
did him too much honor; and having said that, he put on his
hat and walked out.
«Good God! ” said I to myself as he went out, “and can this
man be the husband of this woman ? »
Let it not torment the few who know what must have been
the grounds of this exclamation, if I explain it to those who do
not.
In London, a shopkeeper and a shopkeeper's wife seem to be
one bone and one flesh: in the several endowments of mind and
body, sometimes the one, sometimes the other, has it, so as in
general to be upon a par, and to tally with each other as nearly
as man and wife need to do.
In Paris, there are scarce two orders of beings more different:
for the legislative and executive powers of the shop not resting
in the husband, he seldom comes there; in some dark and dismai
»
.


## p. 13921 (#107) ##########################################

LAURENCE STERNE
13921
room behind, he sits commerceless in his thrum nightcap, the
same rough son of Nature that Nature left him.
The genius of a people where nothing but the monarchy is
salique, having ceded this department, with sundry others, totally
to the women,— by a continual higgling with customers of all
ranks and sizes from morning to night, like so many rough peb-
bles shook along together in a bag, by amicable collisions they
have worn down their asperities and sharp angles, and not only
become round and smooth, but will receive, some of them, a
polish like a brilliant;— Monsieur le Mari is little better than
the stone under your foot.
- Surely, surely, man! it is not good for thee to sit alone;
thou wast made for social intercourse and gentle greetings; and
this improvement of our natures from it I appeal to as my evi-
dence.
"And how does it beat, monsieur ? ” said she.
«With all the benignity,” said I, looking quietly in her eyes,
« that I expected. ”
She was going to say something civil in return, but the lad
came into the shop with the gloves.
«Apropos,” said I, “I want a couple of pairs myself.