) Pausanias, however, affirms (5, 5) that
this miasma was not confined to the marshes, but could
be traced to the very source of the river.
this miasma was not confined to the marshes, but could
be traced to the very source of the river.
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
, 8, 594.
)
Tradition has long assigned to a small place, now
named Pietota, the honour of representing this birth-
place of Virgil ? . but as this opinion appears to derive
no support from the passages in which the poet is sup-
posed to speak of his own farm, the prevailing notion
arnona the learned seems to contradict the popular re-
port which identifies Andes with Pietola. (Maffci,
Verona UUtutr. , vol. 2, p. 1. --Vito, Memoric htoriche,
vol. 1, p. 31. --Bonelli, Mem. Mantor. , vol. 1, p. 120. )
ll may be observed, however, that Virgil's birthplace
and his form may not necessarily have been one and
the tame: in this case it would seem that no argument
could be objected to a local, but very ancient and well-
established tradition. (Cramer's'Ancient Italy, vol.
I, p. 69, teqq. )
A. VBOCIDB8, an Athenian orator, son of Leogoras,
and born in the first year of the 78th Olympiad, B. C.
463. He commanded the Athenian fleet in the war
fcetween the Corinthians and Corcyreans, and was af-
terward accused of having been concerned in mutila-
ting the Hemue, or statues of Mercury, a crime of
which Alcibiades was regarded as one of the authors.
Andocides, having been arrested for this sacrilege, es-
caped punishment by denouncing his real or pretended
accomplices. Photius informs us, that among these
was Leogoras, but that Andocides found the means of
? ? obtaining hie father's pardon. (Phot. , Bill. , vol. 2, p.
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? AND
Minos, and a new name is given him; Eurygyes
(Evpvyvjif), "the far-plougher,'1 or "the possessor of
wide-extended acres" (cvpi'f and ~)"i'ri), and it is worth
noticing, that, after having been slain, and previous
to his new appellation, he was reawakened to life by
-iCsculapius, or the sun. (Compare Hesych. , vol. 1,
p. 1332, ed. Alberti, and Creuzer's Symbolik, vol. 4,
p. 107. )
ANDROMACHF, a daughter of Eetion, king of Hy-
poplacian Thebe, in Mysia, married Hector, son of
Priam, and became the mother of Astyanax. She
was equally remarkable for her domestic virtues, and
for attachment to hcr-husband. In the division of the
prisoners by the Greeks, after the taking of Troy,
Andromache fell to the share of Pyrrhus, who carried
her to Epirus, where she became the mother of three
sons, Molossus, Pielus, and Pergamus. Pyrrhus sub-
sequently conceded her to Hclenus, the brother of
Hector, who had also been among the captives of the
prince. She reigned with Helcnus over part of Epirus,
and became by him the mother of Cestrinus. (Homer,
II. , 6, 22 ct 24. -- Virg. , JEn. , 3, 48o. --Hygin. , Fab. ,
123. )
ANDROMACHUS, I. an opulent Sicilian, father of the
historian Timtcus. He collected together the inhabi-
tants of the city of Naxos, which Dionysius the tyrant
had destroyed, and founded with them Tauromenium.
Andromachus, as prefect of the new city, subsequent-
ly aided Timoleon in restoring liberty to Syracuse.
(Diod. Sic. , 16, 7 ct 68. ) -- II. A general of Alex-
ander, to whom Parmenio gave the government of
Syria. He was burned alive by the Samaritans, but
his death was avenged by Alexander. (Quint. Curt. ,
4, 5. ) -- III. A brother-in-law of Selcucus Callinicus.
--IV. A traitor, who discovered to the Parthians all
the measures of Crassus, and, on being chosen guide,
led the Roman army into a situation whence there was
no mode of escape. --V. A physician of Crete in the
age of Nero: he was physician to the emperor, and
inventor of the famous medicine, called after him,
Tin i in-a Andromachi. It was intended at first as an
antidote against poisons, but became afterward a kind
of panacea. This medicine enjoyed so high a rep-
utation among the Romans, that the Emperor Antoni-
nus, at a later period, took some of it every day, and
had it prepared every year in his palace. It consisted
of 61 ingredients, the principal of which were squills,
opium, pepper, and dried vipers. ' This absurd com-
pound was in vogue even in modern times, as late as
1787, in Paris. (Galen, de Theriac. , p. 470. -- Id.
de Antidot. , lib. 1, p. 4333. -- Sprengel, Hist. Mcd. ,
vol. 2, p. 56. )
ANDROMEDA, a daughter of Cepheus, king of . . Ethi-
opia, by Cassiope. She was promised in marriage to
Phineus, her uncle, when Neptune inundated the coasts
of the country, and sent a sea-monster to ravage the
land, because Cassiope had boasted herself fairer than
Juno and the Nereides. The oracle of Jupiter Am-
iiinn being consulted, returned for answer that the
calamity could only be removed by exposing Androm-
eda to the monster. She was accordingly secured to
a rock, and expected every moment to be destroy-
ed, when Perseus, who was returning through the
air from the conquest of the Gorgons, saw her, and
was captivated with her beauty. He promised to de-
liver her and destroy the monster if he received her
in marriage as a reward. Cepheus consented, and
Perseus changed the sea-monster into a rock, by show-
? ? ing him Medusa's head, and unbound Andromeda.
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? ANI
la and the Romans. The modem name of the island
ii the same wilh the ancient, or else varies from it
ail; in dropping the iViiul letter. (Cramer's Ane.
Gnat. wl. 3, p. 41O. )
Aiuoiit, a town of Phocis, mentioned by Homer
(I, . . 531) in conjunction with Hyampolis, and
doubtless in the immediate vicinity of that city, with
rikb il was even sometimes confounded (Compare
the Frock Strain*, Ecciairciss. , No. 34, vol. 3, Ap-
fai. , p. 154. ) SStr. i! > > affirms, that it obtained its
nynr frnni the violent (fusts of wind which blew from
Mount Catopteriua, a peak belonging to the chain of
Parnassus He adds that it was named by some au-
thors . Vnemolea- (-SVraic/, 423. -- Cramer* Ancient
Grace, vol. 2, p. 186. )
AXGEUOK, an artist, invariably named in connexion
with Tecueiu, as his constant associate. It is uncer-
tain whether they excelled chiefly in casting brass or
in earring marble. They are supposed by Sillig to
ha** flourished about 548 B. C. Mention Is made in
particular, by the ancient writers, of a statue of Apol-
|j by these artists. According to Miiller, they imi-
tated a very ancient statue of the Delian Apollo, made,
u Plutarch states, in the time of Hercules. (Siliig,
Dxt. . lrt. ,i. v. )
Amu, a people of Germany, at the base of the Cher-
KKMSUS Cimbrica, in the country answering now to
the northeastern part of the Ducky of Hoistein.
From them the English have derived their name.
There ii still, at the present day, in that quarter, a
district called Angeln. (Tacit. , Germ. , 40. --Kid.
Suones. )
AXQEO. a river of Illyricum, pursuing a northern
course, according to Herodotus, and joining the Bron-
gus. which flows into the Danube. (Herodot. , 4, 49. )
A. xcciTii, or ANGITIA, a grove in the country of the
Marsi, to the west of the Lacus Fucinus. The name
ii derived, according to Soliuus, from a sister of Circe,
who dwelt in the vicinity. It is now Silva d'Albi.
(Sola. , S. --Serv. ad Virg. , JEn. , 7, 759. )
ASICETUS, I. a son of Hercules by Hebe, the god-
dcu of youth. (Apolloil . 2, 7. )--II. A frecdman who
directed the education of Nero, and became the instru-
ment of his crimes. It was he who encouraged the
emperor to destroy his mother Agrippina, and who
gave the first idea of the galley, which, by falling on a
sudden to pieces, through secret mechanism, was to
have accomplished this horrid purpose. (Suet. , Vit.
Ntr. )
ANICIA, Gera, a family at Rome, which, in the flour-
ishing times of the republic, produced many brave and
illustrious citizens.
Asictus G. ILLUS, I. triumphed over the Illyrians
and their king Gentius, and obtained the honors of a
triumph A. lT. C. 535. He obtained the consulship
A. U. C. 594, B. C. 150. --If. Probus. a Roman consul,
A. D. 371, celebrated for his humanity.
Axiom's, a river of Elis, in the district of Triphylia,
to the north of Lepneum. This stream formed into
marshes at its mouth, from the want of a fall to carry
off the water. The stagnant pool thus created ex-
haled an odour so fetid as to be perceptible at the dis-
tance of twenty stadia, andthe fish caught there were so
tainted with the infection that they could not be eaten.
(Strain, 346.
) Pausanias, however, affirms (5, 5) that
this miasma was not confined to the marshes, but could
be traced to the very source of the river. It was as-
cribed to the centaur's having washed the wounds in-
? ? flicted by Hercules's envenomed shafts in the stream.
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? ANNA COMNENA.
ANNALES.
monies attending her festival. It was a feast com-
memorative of the year and the spring, and the hymns
sung on this occasion bore the free and joyous charac-
ter of orgiastic strains. In them Anna Perenna was
entreated to make the entire year roll away in health
and prosperity (" Vt annarc perennareque commode
liceal. "--Macrob. , Sal. , 1, 12). Now, this new year,
this year full of freshness and of benefits invoked, is
no other than Anna herself, a personification of the old
lunar year. (Compare Hermann unit Creuzer, Briefe,
etc. , p. 135. ) Anna is the same word, in fact, as an-
nus, or anus according to the primitive Roman orthog-
raphy; in Greek Ivor; or Ivor, whence the expression
bill '? "' via, proving that the word carries with it the
accessory idea of antiquity, just as Hoc appears analo-
gous to vctus. (Compare Lcnnep, Etymol. Gr. , p.
2"10, seqq. -- Valckenacr, ad Amman. , p. 190, 197. )
Anna Perenna is called the moon, nar' ttoxrjv, and it
is she that conducts the moons her sisters, and who
at the same time directs and governs the humid sphere:
thus she reposes for ever in the river Numicius, and
runs on for everwith it. She is the course of the moons,
of the years, of time in general. It is she that gives
the flowers and fruits, and causes the harvest to ripen:
the annual produce of the seasons (annum) is placed
under her protecting care. --The Anna Perenna of
the Romans has been compared with the Anna Pourna
Devi, or A nna da, of the Hindu mythology; the god-
dess of abundance and nourishment, a beneficent lorm
of Bhavani. The characteristic traits appear to be the
same. (Compare the remarks of Paterson and Cole-
brooke, in the Asiatic Researches, vol. 8, p. 69, seqq. ,
and p. 85. --Creuzer's Symbolik, par Guigniaul, vol. 2,
p. 501, seqq. )
Anna Comnbna, a Greek princess, daughter of
Alexius Comnenes I. , emperor of the East. She was
born A. D. 1083, and was originally betrothed to Con-
stantine Ducas; but his death preventing the engage-
ment from being ratified, she subsequently married Ni-
cephorus Bryennius. ? On the decease of her father,
she conspired against her brother John (Calo-Johannes),
who had succeeded him in the empire, and when the
design was prevented by the fears or scruples of her
husband, she passionately exclaimed that nature had
mistaken the two sexes, and had endowed Bryennius
with the soul of a woman. After the discovery of her
treason, the life and fortune of Anna were forfeited to
the laws; the former, however, was spared by the
clemency of the emperor. After the death of her hus-
band she retired to a convent, where, at the age of six-
ty years, she sought to relieve the disappointment of
her ambitious feelings by writing a life of her father.
The character of this history does not stand very high,
cither for authenticity or beauty of composition: the
historian is lost in the daughter; and instead of that
simplicity of style and narrative which wins our belief,
an elaborate affectation of rhetoric and science betrays
in every page the vanity of a female author. (Gibbon's
Decline and Fall, c. 48. ) And yet, at the same time,
her work forms a useful contrast to the degrading and
partial statements of the Latin historians of that period.
The details, moreover, which she gives respecting the
first Crusaders on their arrival at Constantinople, are
peculiarly interesting; and we may there sec the im-
pression produced by the simple and rude manners of
the heroes of Tasso on a polished, enlightened, and
effeminate court. The work of Anna is entitled Alex-
? ? <<u, and is divided into fifteen books. It commences
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? ANT
nriu explaining the mysteries of religion, with in-
slraclions as to the ceremonies to be observed in its
poetical exercise, and could have been of no more ser-
nce to Roman, than a. collection of breviaries or mis-
si^ to modem, history. (_J^uniop'sHorn. Lit. , vol. 2,
p. 37, <<}? ? , Loud. ed. J^e Clerc, dea Journaux chcz
k>Romans, Introd. )
Assius LEX, settled the age at which, among the
Romans, a citizen, could be admitted to exercise the
offices of the state. Originally there was no certain
ige fited for enjoying the different ottices. A law was
tost nude for this purpose i. /,cj- Annalis) by L. Vil-
liue or L. Julius, a tribune of the commons, A. U. C.
573, whence his family got the surname of Annalet.
(La. , 40,43. ) What was the year fixed for enjoying
each office is not ascertained. It is certain that the
pnetonhipused to be enjoyed two years after the ffidile-
<<hip (Ctc. , Ep. ad fa. m. , 1O, 25), and that the forty-
third was the year fixed for the consulship. (Ctc. ,
PU. , 5, 17. ) If we are to judge from Cicero, who
frequently boasts that he had enjoyed every office
in its proper year, the years appointed for the differ-
ent offices by the Lex- Villia were, for the quaistor-
thip thirty-one, for the ssdileship thirty-seven, for the
pnetorabip forty, and for the consulship forty-three.
But even under the republic popular citizens were freed
from these restrictions, and the emperors, too, granted
thai indulgence to whomsoever they pleased.
ASSIBAL. Vid. Hannibal.
AN. MCEBRIS, a philosopher of the Cyrenaic sect, and
a follower of Aristippus. He so far receded from the
doctrine of his master as to acknowledge the merit of
filial piety, friendship, and patriotism, and to allow that
i wise man might retain the possession of himself in
the midst of external troubles; but he inherited so
much of his frivolous taste as to value himself upon
the most trivial accomplishments, particularly upon his
dexterity in being able to drive a chariot twice round
a course in the same ring. (Diog. Laert. , 2, 87. --
Szidas, s. i. --EnfirId's History of Philosophy, vol. 1,
p. 195. )
Asso. Vid. HANXO.
AXOP. EA, a mountain of Greece, part of the chain
of CEta. A small pass in this mountain, called by the
same name, formed a communication between Thes-
saly and the country oi the Epicnemidian Locri. (He-
roiot. , 7, 216. )
AKSER, a Roman poet, intimate with the triumvir
Antony, and one of the destroyers of Virgil. (Com-
pare Virg. , Eclog. , 9, 36. -- Servius. ad Virg. , 1. c. )
Grid (Trot. , 2, 435) calls him "procax. "
A NsiBAKii. a people of Germany, mentioned by Taci-
tus (A>>a. , 13, 55) as having made an irruption, du-
ring the reign of Nero, into the Roman territories
along the Rhine. Mannert makes them to have been
a branch of the Cherusci. The same writer alludes
to the hypothesis which would consider their name as
denoting " dwellers along the Ems," and as marking
this for their original place of settlement. He views
it. however, as untenable. (Gcogr. , vol. 6, p. 156,
A5fT. EOroL. i6. a city of Egypt on the eastern bank
of the Nile, and the capital of the nome Antceopolites.
It derived its name from Anteus. whom Osiris, ac-
cording to Diodoms Siculus (1, 17), left as governor
of his Libyan and Ethiopian possessions, and whom
Hercules destroyed. It was a place of no great im-
portance. The modem village of Kan (Qaou) stands
near the ruins of the ancient city. (Mannert, vol. 10,
? ? pt 2,_n. 338, seqij. --Compare Description de lEgyptc,
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? ANT
ANT
Antkmn. e, a city of Italy, in the territory of the
Sabines, at the confluence of the Anio and Tiber. It
is said to have been more ancient than Rome itself.
We are told by Dionysius of Halicarnassus (2, 36),
that Antemns belonged at first to the Siculi, but that
afterward it was conquered by the Aborigines, to
whom, probably, it owes its Latin name. (Varro, de
Ling. Lat. , 4. -- Fcstus, s. v. Antcmna. ) That it
afterward formed a part of the Sabine confederacy is
evident from its being one of the first cities which re-
sented the outrage ottered to that nation by the rape
of their women. (Lit! . , 1, 10. -- Slrabo, 226. -- Cra-
mer's Ancient Italy, vol. 1, p. 301. )
AntEnor, I. a Trojan prince related to Priam. He
was the husband of Theano, daughter of Cisseus, king
of Thrace, and father of nineteen sons, of whom the
most known were Polybus (//. , 11, 69), Acamas (7/. ,
2, 823), Agenor (II. , 4, 533), Polydamas, Hclicaon,
Archilochus (II. , 2, 823), and Laodocus (//. , 4, 87).
He is accused by some of having betrayed his country,
not only because he gave a favourable reception to
Diomedes, Ulysses, and Menelaus, when they came
to Troy, as ambassadors from the Greeks, to demand
the restitution of Helen, but also because ho with-
'? ? >>ld the fact of his recognising Ulysses, at the time
that hero visited the city under the guise of a mendi-
cant. (Od. , 4, 335. ) After the conclusion of the war,
Antcnor, according to some, migrated with a party of
followers into Italy, and built Patavium. According
to others, ho went with a colony of the Heneti from
Paphlagonia to the shores of the Hadriatic, where the
new settlers established themselves in the district
called by them Venetia. Both accounts are fabulous.
(Lit. , 1, I. --Plin. , 3, 13. -- VirfT. , JEn.
Tradition has long assigned to a small place, now
named Pietota, the honour of representing this birth-
place of Virgil ? . but as this opinion appears to derive
no support from the passages in which the poet is sup-
posed to speak of his own farm, the prevailing notion
arnona the learned seems to contradict the popular re-
port which identifies Andes with Pietola. (Maffci,
Verona UUtutr. , vol. 2, p. 1. --Vito, Memoric htoriche,
vol. 1, p. 31. --Bonelli, Mem. Mantor. , vol. 1, p. 120. )
ll may be observed, however, that Virgil's birthplace
and his form may not necessarily have been one and
the tame: in this case it would seem that no argument
could be objected to a local, but very ancient and well-
established tradition. (Cramer's'Ancient Italy, vol.
I, p. 69, teqq. )
A. VBOCIDB8, an Athenian orator, son of Leogoras,
and born in the first year of the 78th Olympiad, B. C.
463. He commanded the Athenian fleet in the war
fcetween the Corinthians and Corcyreans, and was af-
terward accused of having been concerned in mutila-
ting the Hemue, or statues of Mercury, a crime of
which Alcibiades was regarded as one of the authors.
Andocides, having been arrested for this sacrilege, es-
caped punishment by denouncing his real or pretended
accomplices. Photius informs us, that among these
was Leogoras, but that Andocides found the means of
? ? obtaining hie father's pardon. (Phot. , Bill. , vol. 2, p.
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? AND
Minos, and a new name is given him; Eurygyes
(Evpvyvjif), "the far-plougher,'1 or "the possessor of
wide-extended acres" (cvpi'f and ~)"i'ri), and it is worth
noticing, that, after having been slain, and previous
to his new appellation, he was reawakened to life by
-iCsculapius, or the sun. (Compare Hesych. , vol. 1,
p. 1332, ed. Alberti, and Creuzer's Symbolik, vol. 4,
p. 107. )
ANDROMACHF, a daughter of Eetion, king of Hy-
poplacian Thebe, in Mysia, married Hector, son of
Priam, and became the mother of Astyanax. She
was equally remarkable for her domestic virtues, and
for attachment to hcr-husband. In the division of the
prisoners by the Greeks, after the taking of Troy,
Andromache fell to the share of Pyrrhus, who carried
her to Epirus, where she became the mother of three
sons, Molossus, Pielus, and Pergamus. Pyrrhus sub-
sequently conceded her to Hclenus, the brother of
Hector, who had also been among the captives of the
prince. She reigned with Helcnus over part of Epirus,
and became by him the mother of Cestrinus. (Homer,
II. , 6, 22 ct 24. -- Virg. , JEn. , 3, 48o. --Hygin. , Fab. ,
123. )
ANDROMACHUS, I. an opulent Sicilian, father of the
historian Timtcus. He collected together the inhabi-
tants of the city of Naxos, which Dionysius the tyrant
had destroyed, and founded with them Tauromenium.
Andromachus, as prefect of the new city, subsequent-
ly aided Timoleon in restoring liberty to Syracuse.
(Diod. Sic. , 16, 7 ct 68. ) -- II. A general of Alex-
ander, to whom Parmenio gave the government of
Syria. He was burned alive by the Samaritans, but
his death was avenged by Alexander. (Quint. Curt. ,
4, 5. ) -- III. A brother-in-law of Selcucus Callinicus.
--IV. A traitor, who discovered to the Parthians all
the measures of Crassus, and, on being chosen guide,
led the Roman army into a situation whence there was
no mode of escape. --V. A physician of Crete in the
age of Nero: he was physician to the emperor, and
inventor of the famous medicine, called after him,
Tin i in-a Andromachi. It was intended at first as an
antidote against poisons, but became afterward a kind
of panacea. This medicine enjoyed so high a rep-
utation among the Romans, that the Emperor Antoni-
nus, at a later period, took some of it every day, and
had it prepared every year in his palace. It consisted
of 61 ingredients, the principal of which were squills,
opium, pepper, and dried vipers. ' This absurd com-
pound was in vogue even in modern times, as late as
1787, in Paris. (Galen, de Theriac. , p. 470. -- Id.
de Antidot. , lib. 1, p. 4333. -- Sprengel, Hist. Mcd. ,
vol. 2, p. 56. )
ANDROMEDA, a daughter of Cepheus, king of . . Ethi-
opia, by Cassiope. She was promised in marriage to
Phineus, her uncle, when Neptune inundated the coasts
of the country, and sent a sea-monster to ravage the
land, because Cassiope had boasted herself fairer than
Juno and the Nereides. The oracle of Jupiter Am-
iiinn being consulted, returned for answer that the
calamity could only be removed by exposing Androm-
eda to the monster. She was accordingly secured to
a rock, and expected every moment to be destroy-
ed, when Perseus, who was returning through the
air from the conquest of the Gorgons, saw her, and
was captivated with her beauty. He promised to de-
liver her and destroy the monster if he received her
in marriage as a reward. Cepheus consented, and
Perseus changed the sea-monster into a rock, by show-
? ? ing him Medusa's head, and unbound Andromeda.
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? ANI
la and the Romans. The modem name of the island
ii the same wilh the ancient, or else varies from it
ail; in dropping the iViiul letter. (Cramer's Ane.
Gnat. wl. 3, p. 41O. )
Aiuoiit, a town of Phocis, mentioned by Homer
(I, . . 531) in conjunction with Hyampolis, and
doubtless in the immediate vicinity of that city, with
rikb il was even sometimes confounded (Compare
the Frock Strain*, Ecciairciss. , No. 34, vol. 3, Ap-
fai. , p. 154. ) SStr. i! > > affirms, that it obtained its
nynr frnni the violent (fusts of wind which blew from
Mount Catopteriua, a peak belonging to the chain of
Parnassus He adds that it was named by some au-
thors . Vnemolea- (-SVraic/, 423. -- Cramer* Ancient
Grace, vol. 2, p. 186. )
AXGEUOK, an artist, invariably named in connexion
with Tecueiu, as his constant associate. It is uncer-
tain whether they excelled chiefly in casting brass or
in earring marble. They are supposed by Sillig to
ha** flourished about 548 B. C. Mention Is made in
particular, by the ancient writers, of a statue of Apol-
|j by these artists. According to Miiller, they imi-
tated a very ancient statue of the Delian Apollo, made,
u Plutarch states, in the time of Hercules. (Siliig,
Dxt. . lrt. ,i. v. )
Amu, a people of Germany, at the base of the Cher-
KKMSUS Cimbrica, in the country answering now to
the northeastern part of the Ducky of Hoistein.
From them the English have derived their name.
There ii still, at the present day, in that quarter, a
district called Angeln. (Tacit. , Germ. , 40. --Kid.
Suones. )
AXQEO. a river of Illyricum, pursuing a northern
course, according to Herodotus, and joining the Bron-
gus. which flows into the Danube. (Herodot. , 4, 49. )
A. xcciTii, or ANGITIA, a grove in the country of the
Marsi, to the west of the Lacus Fucinus. The name
ii derived, according to Soliuus, from a sister of Circe,
who dwelt in the vicinity. It is now Silva d'Albi.
(Sola. , S. --Serv. ad Virg. , JEn. , 7, 759. )
ASICETUS, I. a son of Hercules by Hebe, the god-
dcu of youth. (Apolloil . 2, 7. )--II. A frecdman who
directed the education of Nero, and became the instru-
ment of his crimes. It was he who encouraged the
emperor to destroy his mother Agrippina, and who
gave the first idea of the galley, which, by falling on a
sudden to pieces, through secret mechanism, was to
have accomplished this horrid purpose. (Suet. , Vit.
Ntr. )
ANICIA, Gera, a family at Rome, which, in the flour-
ishing times of the republic, produced many brave and
illustrious citizens.
Asictus G. ILLUS, I. triumphed over the Illyrians
and their king Gentius, and obtained the honors of a
triumph A. lT. C. 535. He obtained the consulship
A. U. C. 594, B. C. 150. --If. Probus. a Roman consul,
A. D. 371, celebrated for his humanity.
Axiom's, a river of Elis, in the district of Triphylia,
to the north of Lepneum. This stream formed into
marshes at its mouth, from the want of a fall to carry
off the water. The stagnant pool thus created ex-
haled an odour so fetid as to be perceptible at the dis-
tance of twenty stadia, andthe fish caught there were so
tainted with the infection that they could not be eaten.
(Strain, 346.
) Pausanias, however, affirms (5, 5) that
this miasma was not confined to the marshes, but could
be traced to the very source of the river. It was as-
cribed to the centaur's having washed the wounds in-
? ? flicted by Hercules's envenomed shafts in the stream.
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? ANNA COMNENA.
ANNALES.
monies attending her festival. It was a feast com-
memorative of the year and the spring, and the hymns
sung on this occasion bore the free and joyous charac-
ter of orgiastic strains. In them Anna Perenna was
entreated to make the entire year roll away in health
and prosperity (" Vt annarc perennareque commode
liceal. "--Macrob. , Sal. , 1, 12). Now, this new year,
this year full of freshness and of benefits invoked, is
no other than Anna herself, a personification of the old
lunar year. (Compare Hermann unit Creuzer, Briefe,
etc. , p. 135. ) Anna is the same word, in fact, as an-
nus, or anus according to the primitive Roman orthog-
raphy; in Greek Ivor; or Ivor, whence the expression
bill '? "' via, proving that the word carries with it the
accessory idea of antiquity, just as Hoc appears analo-
gous to vctus. (Compare Lcnnep, Etymol. Gr. , p.
2"10, seqq. -- Valckenacr, ad Amman. , p. 190, 197. )
Anna Perenna is called the moon, nar' ttoxrjv, and it
is she that conducts the moons her sisters, and who
at the same time directs and governs the humid sphere:
thus she reposes for ever in the river Numicius, and
runs on for everwith it. She is the course of the moons,
of the years, of time in general. It is she that gives
the flowers and fruits, and causes the harvest to ripen:
the annual produce of the seasons (annum) is placed
under her protecting care. --The Anna Perenna of
the Romans has been compared with the Anna Pourna
Devi, or A nna da, of the Hindu mythology; the god-
dess of abundance and nourishment, a beneficent lorm
of Bhavani. The characteristic traits appear to be the
same. (Compare the remarks of Paterson and Cole-
brooke, in the Asiatic Researches, vol. 8, p. 69, seqq. ,
and p. 85. --Creuzer's Symbolik, par Guigniaul, vol. 2,
p. 501, seqq. )
Anna Comnbna, a Greek princess, daughter of
Alexius Comnenes I. , emperor of the East. She was
born A. D. 1083, and was originally betrothed to Con-
stantine Ducas; but his death preventing the engage-
ment from being ratified, she subsequently married Ni-
cephorus Bryennius. ? On the decease of her father,
she conspired against her brother John (Calo-Johannes),
who had succeeded him in the empire, and when the
design was prevented by the fears or scruples of her
husband, she passionately exclaimed that nature had
mistaken the two sexes, and had endowed Bryennius
with the soul of a woman. After the discovery of her
treason, the life and fortune of Anna were forfeited to
the laws; the former, however, was spared by the
clemency of the emperor. After the death of her hus-
band she retired to a convent, where, at the age of six-
ty years, she sought to relieve the disappointment of
her ambitious feelings by writing a life of her father.
The character of this history does not stand very high,
cither for authenticity or beauty of composition: the
historian is lost in the daughter; and instead of that
simplicity of style and narrative which wins our belief,
an elaborate affectation of rhetoric and science betrays
in every page the vanity of a female author. (Gibbon's
Decline and Fall, c. 48. ) And yet, at the same time,
her work forms a useful contrast to the degrading and
partial statements of the Latin historians of that period.
The details, moreover, which she gives respecting the
first Crusaders on their arrival at Constantinople, are
peculiarly interesting; and we may there sec the im-
pression produced by the simple and rude manners of
the heroes of Tasso on a polished, enlightened, and
effeminate court. The work of Anna is entitled Alex-
? ? <<u, and is divided into fifteen books. It commences
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? ANT
nriu explaining the mysteries of religion, with in-
slraclions as to the ceremonies to be observed in its
poetical exercise, and could have been of no more ser-
nce to Roman, than a. collection of breviaries or mis-
si^ to modem, history. (_J^uniop'sHorn. Lit. , vol. 2,
p. 37, <<}? ? , Loud. ed. J^e Clerc, dea Journaux chcz
k>Romans, Introd. )
Assius LEX, settled the age at which, among the
Romans, a citizen, could be admitted to exercise the
offices of the state. Originally there was no certain
ige fited for enjoying the different ottices. A law was
tost nude for this purpose i. /,cj- Annalis) by L. Vil-
liue or L. Julius, a tribune of the commons, A. U. C.
573, whence his family got the surname of Annalet.
(La. , 40,43. ) What was the year fixed for enjoying
each office is not ascertained. It is certain that the
pnetonhipused to be enjoyed two years after the ffidile-
<<hip (Ctc. , Ep. ad fa. m. , 1O, 25), and that the forty-
third was the year fixed for the consulship. (Ctc. ,
PU. , 5, 17. ) If we are to judge from Cicero, who
frequently boasts that he had enjoyed every office
in its proper year, the years appointed for the differ-
ent offices by the Lex- Villia were, for the quaistor-
thip thirty-one, for the ssdileship thirty-seven, for the
pnetorabip forty, and for the consulship forty-three.
But even under the republic popular citizens were freed
from these restrictions, and the emperors, too, granted
thai indulgence to whomsoever they pleased.
ASSIBAL. Vid. Hannibal.
AN. MCEBRIS, a philosopher of the Cyrenaic sect, and
a follower of Aristippus. He so far receded from the
doctrine of his master as to acknowledge the merit of
filial piety, friendship, and patriotism, and to allow that
i wise man might retain the possession of himself in
the midst of external troubles; but he inherited so
much of his frivolous taste as to value himself upon
the most trivial accomplishments, particularly upon his
dexterity in being able to drive a chariot twice round
a course in the same ring. (Diog. Laert. , 2, 87. --
Szidas, s. i. --EnfirId's History of Philosophy, vol. 1,
p. 195. )
Asso. Vid. HANXO.
AXOP. EA, a mountain of Greece, part of the chain
of CEta. A small pass in this mountain, called by the
same name, formed a communication between Thes-
saly and the country oi the Epicnemidian Locri. (He-
roiot. , 7, 216. )
AKSER, a Roman poet, intimate with the triumvir
Antony, and one of the destroyers of Virgil. (Com-
pare Virg. , Eclog. , 9, 36. -- Servius. ad Virg. , 1. c. )
Grid (Trot. , 2, 435) calls him "procax. "
A NsiBAKii. a people of Germany, mentioned by Taci-
tus (A>>a. , 13, 55) as having made an irruption, du-
ring the reign of Nero, into the Roman territories
along the Rhine. Mannert makes them to have been
a branch of the Cherusci. The same writer alludes
to the hypothesis which would consider their name as
denoting " dwellers along the Ems," and as marking
this for their original place of settlement. He views
it. however, as untenable. (Gcogr. , vol. 6, p. 156,
A5fT. EOroL. i6. a city of Egypt on the eastern bank
of the Nile, and the capital of the nome Antceopolites.
It derived its name from Anteus. whom Osiris, ac-
cording to Diodoms Siculus (1, 17), left as governor
of his Libyan and Ethiopian possessions, and whom
Hercules destroyed. It was a place of no great im-
portance. The modem village of Kan (Qaou) stands
near the ruins of the ancient city. (Mannert, vol. 10,
? ? pt 2,_n. 338, seqij. --Compare Description de lEgyptc,
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? ANT
ANT
Antkmn. e, a city of Italy, in the territory of the
Sabines, at the confluence of the Anio and Tiber. It
is said to have been more ancient than Rome itself.
We are told by Dionysius of Halicarnassus (2, 36),
that Antemns belonged at first to the Siculi, but that
afterward it was conquered by the Aborigines, to
whom, probably, it owes its Latin name. (Varro, de
Ling. Lat. , 4. -- Fcstus, s. v. Antcmna. ) That it
afterward formed a part of the Sabine confederacy is
evident from its being one of the first cities which re-
sented the outrage ottered to that nation by the rape
of their women. (Lit! . , 1, 10. -- Slrabo, 226. -- Cra-
mer's Ancient Italy, vol. 1, p. 301. )
AntEnor, I. a Trojan prince related to Priam. He
was the husband of Theano, daughter of Cisseus, king
of Thrace, and father of nineteen sons, of whom the
most known were Polybus (//. , 11, 69), Acamas (7/. ,
2, 823), Agenor (II. , 4, 533), Polydamas, Hclicaon,
Archilochus (II. , 2, 823), and Laodocus (//. , 4, 87).
He is accused by some of having betrayed his country,
not only because he gave a favourable reception to
Diomedes, Ulysses, and Menelaus, when they came
to Troy, as ambassadors from the Greeks, to demand
the restitution of Helen, but also because ho with-
'? ? >>ld the fact of his recognising Ulysses, at the time
that hero visited the city under the guise of a mendi-
cant. (Od. , 4, 335. ) After the conclusion of the war,
Antcnor, according to some, migrated with a party of
followers into Italy, and built Patavium. According
to others, ho went with a colony of the Heneti from
Paphlagonia to the shores of the Hadriatic, where the
new settlers established themselves in the district
called by them Venetia. Both accounts are fabulous.
(Lit. , 1, I. --Plin. , 3, 13. -- VirfT. , JEn.
