No More Learning

the reign the monarch Cormac, the ce lebrated Fionn Mac Cumhaill, who was descended from the Here
the Ossianic poems, and various other productions bards; called Fingal Mac Pherson's Poems
observed that these are not the real poems
Heremon; and their renowned commander Fionn, ac the Four Masters, was slain the cast javelin, or,
2
of
on at
of to
by is
on a
so of
as
init ofa to is
beto
toofinofaof toa
in
in
in
in
ofof
to of
a
is of or in inas
of it
on
in
or isto to of
of of of a
of atof
or
In
of
ofby to of A. in to of
to at ofby be
of
of
on toof to
or
of
of of in of
as
so by at
of
inofaof of
of
in
or of of of at of in a
a
in
of it,
in to to
as a to
of
a atof in InA. as in a
to
a
of in
or D. ofof
of an Ais,
on
of
to
so
to to D. of to of at of ofininofa
in atof
to is
of or
in in it or of of
of of itin ofitofto
is
of
to of behe
all
by a
of
of of of of
or
2 of of
M aofofofofoftoin
or
of in
to
in
a
268 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1461.
in the 63rd year of his age, and was interred at Hugh Roe and Owen, having mustered their Roscommon. forces, marched Fanat (in Donegal), the re
The sons of Niall Garv O’Donnell, namely, sidence Maolmuire, the son Mac Sweeney, The Clanna Deaga, or Degadians, in the first, second, and the bard, the father Osgar, introduced narrating the
third centuries, were the chief warriors of Munster: they were Heremonians originally from Ulster, but settled in Munster in early times, and an account of them has beengiven in the notes on Thomond and Desmond.
The Dalcassians, called by the Irish writers Dal-gdais, from Cormac Cas, a famous king of Munster of the race of Heber in the third century, were the chief warriors of Munster from the third tothetwelfth century,andformedmostlybytheclansofThomond, now the county of Clare, with parts of Limerick and Tipperary; and they are highly celebrated in Irish history, particularly under Brian Boru, who was himself of the Dalcassian race; an account of them has been given in the notes on Thomond and Desmond.
In the reign of king Cairbre Liffeachair, son of the monarch Cor mac, the Fenian forces revolted from the service of Cairbre, and joined the famous Mogh Corb, king of Munster, of the race of the Dal cassians. After the death of Fionn Mac Cumhaill, the Fenians were commandedby his son Oisin or Ossian, the celebrated warrior and bard; and at the time of the battle of Gaura, Osgar, another famous champion, the son of Oisin, commanded the Fenian forces. The army of Munster, commanded by Mogh Corb, a name which signifies the Chief of the Chariot, and by his son Fear Corb, that the man warrior the chariot, was composed the Clanna Deagha and Dalcassian troops, joined the Fenians and their Leinster forces; and stated the Ossianic poems, and
Hanmer's Chronicle, from the Book Howth, that great body warriors from North Britain, Denmark, and Norway, came over and fought the side the Fenians Gaura. The army the monarch Cairbre was composed the men Meath and
Ulster, together with the Clanna Morna, Connaught warriors,
events the battle, follows:
“On our march from Binn Eadair (Howth) The entire of our numbers were
Three hundred Fenian chiefs,
With their respective bands warriors.
“There were thirty descendants
Of the race Fionn the Fenians, Who always bore shields and spears,
the time conflict and slaughter.
“There were the Fenian champions
From Alba (Scotland) and from the king Through their friendship for the Fenians Who joined that great battle.
Britain, Almhuin,
Hugh, King Connaught, son Garadh, the Damnonian race. The Munster forces, Meath, where they were met the com bined troops the monarch Cairbre, and fought one the most
furious battles recorded Irish history, which continued through out the whole length summer's day. The greatest valour
commanded Aodh grandson Morna and Fenians, marched
was displayed the warriors
say which army were victors
was slain single combat
each side, and difficult vanquished. The heroic Osgar
the valiant monarch Cairbre, but
Cairbre himself soon afterwards fell the hand the champion
Simon, the son Ceirb,
Both armies amounted part whom were slain; twenty thousand men,
the race the Fotharts Leinster. about fifty thousand men, the greater
the Fenian forces, who consisted stated that eighteenthousand fell; and
both sides, thirty thousand warriors were slain.
ing year, Hugh, king Connaught, according
Ogygia, defeatedthe Munster forces battle
the mountain Senchua, Muscry, which slew Mogh Corb, king Munster. The tremendous battle Gaura considered
have led the subsequentfall the Irish monarchy, for after the destruction the Fenian forces, the Irish kings never were able muster national army equal valour and discipline those heroes, either cope with foreign foes, reduce sub jection the rebellious provincial kings and princes: hence the monarchy became weak and disorganised, and the ruling powers were unable maintain their authority make sufficient stand against the Danish and Anglo-Norman invaders after times. The following passagesrespecting the battle Gaura, have been literally translated from one the poems attributed Oisin that subject, and supposed have been written the third century, though observed that many the poems called Ossianic were written long subsequent that period, they refer
events which occurred several centuries afterwards, and appear additions the original poems Oisin. The best collection extant the Ossianic poems Irish MS. , with translations into English, are the library William Betham, and published that learned antiquary and Irish scholar, would form valuable contribution towards ancient Irish literature. the poem, Oisin
the follow O'Flaherty's
Spaltrach, near
“From the commander nine upwards,
There were the mighty Fenians Lochlin (Denmark),
that great conflict, the slaughter.
“In this battle Gaura
Fighting against Osgar, my son,
Numbers who joined And who also shared
the Liffey
“There were five battalions from Ulster,
Together with the men Meath
Who joined against us, with Carbry,
And we were unequal the number our foes.
“When my son Osgar had seen
The king Erin taking the lead,
He vowed, himself, slay the monarch And cut him down with his keen sword.
“Then Osgar the Great and Generous Earnestly requestedpermission
To lead the van the battle,
At the head of his own battalions.
“And Beine, the son Breasal,
hero great strength and valour,
Said that he and the Fenians of Britain
Would march the same rank with Osgar. “The son Lughaidh the brave,
Who was always victorious battle, Said that he, accompanied by Cuirioll,
Should lead the army the battle Gaura.
Was the monarch Carbery With all the forces of Erin.
“There was Hugh, the son
With his ten hundred warriors;
The king Connaught and his forces Were against that battle.
spear “Then Cuirioll cast his rage,
At random with fierce
And drove the unlucky dart Through the body the son
Breasal.
“The nobleOsgar, loud voice,
Then demandedfrom Cuirioll,
‘Why hast thou slain my friend,
Thou son Fionn, the son Cumhall? "
“Cuirioll the Fair then made answer violent passion Osgar—
thou be the son of Oisin
wish that thou hadst fallen his stead. ”
fearful blows,
Garadh,
In
of of
or
he
by
by toto to on
ofofin
is,
a
I *IfIn a
A Inof
of sirin
toof
of by
or on
of it of is
be of
toof of
of intoto ofby
to it aof of by isto of
on or
ofto
in in
of by
of
ofofin at
if as in of to
ato atto ofit is In of is
of by of
of a
to be
it to of in inofisof a
to or
or
or
of
in a
of
to
on to of to
of
in
of ofof of of ofusofof as
in us of in of to in of in
toaofofto inusof in to of of in of
ofin ofof ofis in of
of of of of
of of
as
:
of
to
all
REIGN OF EDWARD IV. 269
to aid him against O’Donnell, i. e. Torlogh Cairp for his having allied himself to the sons of Niall. reach, who was wreaking his vengeance on the The sons of Niall, and the sons of Mac Sweeney, son of Mac Sweeney, and on the entire of Fanat, held a consultation to determine on what they
“My son was seized with anger On hearing such utterance, And, on the instant, demanded A combat from the champion.
“Then Osgar and Cuirioll
Met each other in conflict,
Whilst I endeavoured to intercede
Along with Faolan and Fiachra.
“With regard to my son, Osgar,
In this contest with Cuirioll, Two hundred of the Fenians fell
In our efforts to appease their anger. “We then raised our standards
To commence the battle of Gaura,
We ourselves, and the Fenians of Leinster,
Against Carbry and the Clanna Morna.
“Then Fergus the poet prepared, The chief bard of the Fenians, To encourage us on to the fight
In advancing to the battle of Gaura.
“‘March onward, O! valiant Osgar, Thou cleaver of the helmets of heroes, And by thy prosperous standard, Obtain renown and victory.
“Acquire fresh conquering courage
Against Hugh, the son of Garaidh,
And against the opposing kings,
And completely subdue them by slaughter. ”
“We advanced closely to the conflict,
And rushed against the king and his forces; And such a sight as then appeared
Will never again be recorded.
“The Fenians of Britain, who fought on our side, Against a thousand men of the son of Garaidh, Were fiercely cut down in that battle;
Oh! unhappy to us was their destruction.
“The Fenians of Leinster were likewise cut down, And the Fenians of Alba, by the son of Garaidh, Ten hundred valiant warriors
In that onset were slaughtered.
“My son then rushed onward
On the battalions of Tara,
Like a hawk amongst small birds, Or like a dashing wave of the ocean.
“He made a fierce charging onset Against the forces of the men of Erin, When three hundred chieftains fell, By Osgar of the powerful strokes.
“Ten hundred, without fear,
Of our determined enemies
Now came on with the son of Garaidh,
Who had not before engaged in the contest.
“The son of Garaidh rushed onward, After arranging his men for battle, To meet Osgar of the purple armour. Brave and terrific were those chiefs.
“Twenty-four wounds were inflicted
On the body of the brave Osgar,
Which he received from the men of Carbry, Before he advanced against the son of Garaidh.
“On the body of the son of Garaidh,
On retiring from the combat with Osgar, Were inflicted three score wounds,
And very deep and dangerous were they.
“From the overwhelming blows of Osgar,
And of the descendants of Morna of combats; You might behold, over the glens,
A flashing fire from the clash of their arms.
“The son of Garaidh was subdued,
And great indeed was the loss,
By Osgar, who was never conquered, Either in combat or in the battle field.
“A dart was cast by the king of Erin,
Who bore in his hand the poisoned arms,
Which pierced the body of the sharp-sworded Osgar, And this fatal wound extended to his heart.
“Osgar, my son, fell to the ground,
Who had never before been conquered,
But before he fell his pointed spear Pierced the body of the monarch Carbry.
“Seven princes in that battle,
Who were eligible to the throne of Erin,
Were slain that day by my son, Before he encountered Carbry.
“Numerous were the pools of blood,
On the extensive plain of Gaura,
And many heads were strewn there,
Severed from their bodies by the carnageof that battle.
“Of the valiant heroes who fell on that plain Were two hundred presumptive heirs,
Who were by right entitled
To royal crowns in Erin.
“With undaunted valour we fought
That dreadful battle of Gaura;
Together the Fenians bravely fell Eighteen of their kings and royal princes.
“Many a polished buckler you might behold,
And standards of chieftains of the finest Srol, Many lifeless heroes, with their shields, Strewed in heaps all over the plain.
“We did not collect the precious ornaments But of heroes famed for victory,
We did not take away from the battle field But the jewels of kings and exalted chiefs.
“From the day of the battle of Gaura
The Fenians never after raised their voices, And there passed neither night nor day, That we did not spend in grief and sighs.
“There has not been found from India in the east To the very extremities of the world
A king who has not been under our controul, Until the time of fighting that battle.
“No foreign invading prince ever came
To the land of Fodhla (Ireland), in our time,
But was forced to return without conquest, And retrace his steps by our valour.
“Lastly we raised the heroic Osgar, Exalted on the shafts of our spears,
We conveyed him to a rising ground,
To warn the Fenians of our sorrowful loss.
270 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1461.
should do in defending themselves against the sons the others for their enmity and their evil deeds. of Naghtan O’Donnell and their forces, for they When O’Donnell and the sons of Naghtan received (the Mac Sweeneys) resolved to be revenged of intelligence that the sons of Niall had gone to
“We constructed the graves of the heroes, And buried them with princely honours, The tombs of the noble and valiant Osgar, And of the son of Gara, the son of Oisin.
“We buried Osgar the brave
On the north side of the great Gaura,
And likewise Osgar, the son of Glonn, And Osgar, the son of the king of Lochlin.
“And the hero who was liberal of gold,
The son of Lughaidh, the great champion. May some delight come over my words, For great is my sorrow this night. ”
The Danes in Dublin. —For a period of more than three hun
dred years, in the ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries,
and down to the Anglo-Norman invasion under Strongbow, the
Danish and Norwegian colonies were in possession of the city of
Dublin and of the territory of Fingall, and Danish kings ruled over
Dublin during that time; but they appear to have beenoccasionally
under subjection and tribute mostly to the kings of Leinster, and
sometimes to the kings of Meath ; and in the eleventh and
twelfth centuries, some of the O'Briens, kings of Munster, of the
Mac Murroghs, kings of Leinster, and of the O'Conors, kings of
Connaught, became kings over the Danes of Dublin. In A. D. 1170, the Anglo-Normans, under Strongbow, Raymond le
Gros, and Milo de Cogan, with their Irish allies under Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, took the city of Dublin, and expelled Asculph Mac Thorkell, the last Danish king of Dublin, who in the year 1171, having collected a great force of Danes and Norwegians from the Orkneys, the Hebrides, and the Isle of Mann, attempted to recover Dublin, but his forces were defeated by the Anglo-Normans under Milo and Richard de Cogan, and Asculph himself was slain. An account of the Danish kings of Dublin will be given in a future number.
Introduction of Christianity. —Some account of the missions of Palladius and St. Patrick, as intimately connected with the diocese of Dublin, will be necessary in this place.
Palladius, a Roman deacon, and considered to have been a native of Britain, was consecrated a bishop by Pope Celestine,
remained Ireland. Palladius was not altogether one year Ireland, being compelled quit the country the latter end
431, the year his arrival; and having sailed North Britain, died there soon after the land the Cruthneans
who sent him, in the beginning of the fifth century, on a mission
to preach the Gospel to the Irish, then called Scoti or Scots, a
name which was long afterwards applied to the people of that part
of North Britain, now called Scotland. Palladius having departed
from Rome, set out on his voyage, accompanied by Sylvester,
Solinus, Augustine, Benedict, and other missionaries, and landed in
Ireland in the beginning of the year 431, in some harbour either of
Wexford or Wicklow, in the territory then called Hy Garchon, preparing for Ireland; and the year 432, being them the 45th which was part of the ancient principality of Hy Kinsellagh, and
extended along the sea coast, comprising parts of the present counties of Wexford and Wicklow. Proceeding on his mission, he
baptized many persons, and founded a church called Cill Fine, in which he deposited the sacred books, and some relics of SS. Peter and Paul, and other saints, which he had brought from Rome, besides his writing tablets, all of which were long preserved with great veneration. Two other churches were afterwards erected by his companions, one called Teach-na-Romhnach, signifying the house of the Romans, and the other named Domhanach-arda, that the church the height, from which the parish Donard,
the county Wicklow, got its name, and the church was erected the great mountain now called Slieve Gadoe, which there are still some ruins ancient church with holy well, much resorted place pilgrimage honour the missionaries Sylvester and Solinus who were buried there, and whose memory has beenalways held great veneration the people. The pro gress Palladius his missionary labours beingopposed Nathi,
Pagan chief, who was the lord Hy-Garchon, forced Palladius fly from the country, but his companions, Sylvester and Solinus,
year
cessor Gaul,
his age, was consecrated bishop, and appointed suc
Picts, the place now called Fordun, Scotland; and Fordun, under the name was long revered.
Mearns Kincardine,
St. Paldi, his memory
St. Patrick. -There are various contradictory opinions and controversies amongst the most learned ecclesiastical writers
the birth place St. Patrick, and the point extremely difficult determine. Some contend that he was descended from one the
Roman families Britain, and native North Britain, born the place now called Kilpatrick, near Dumbarton Scotland, but many others, particularly the learned Lanigan, have maintained with greater probability that was native
and born the place called Bononia,” now coast France, part the ancient territory
Armoric Gaul, Boulogne, the Armorica. His family were respectable Roman citizens Gaul, and his father's
name was Calphurnius, and that said have been sister, niece,
the celebrated bishop Tours.
the time his birth and death exists, well concerning the place his nativity. Usher, Ware, Colgan, the Annals the Four
Masters, and other authorities, place his birth 372 373,
and his death 493, the one hundred and twentieth year his age; but Lanigan, from accurate chronological computa
tions, places his birth A. 387, and his death D. 465, the 78th year his age; they agree the day his death, the 17th March, which his festival has been always celebrat
the church. According all our Irish historians, the celebrated Niall the Nine Hostages, monarch Ireland
expedi Ireland
the latter end the fourth century, made many military tions into Gaul and Britain, and one these brought 200 captives, amongst whom was youth named Patrick,
then the 16th year his age, and was sold slave chief nam Milchuo, Milcon, Miliac, who possessed district that
part Dalaradia now the southern part the county Antrim, where he tendedthe flocks of his master beside Slieve Mis Moun
tain. After captivity seven years, admonished Patrick effected his escape, and returned his family
He studied many years and also under St. German great piety; 429
the monastery St. Martin
his mother Conchessa, and she some relative St. Martin,
difference opinion respecting
vision, Gaul. Tours, Auxerre, and becameeminent for his accompanied St. German and Lupus
extirpating
Palladius the Irish mission. Having embarked sailed Britain, where made delay, but proceeded
Troyes Britain, their mission for the purpose the Pelagian heresy; and the year 431 was sent
Rome person,
St. German, who recommended him Pope Celestine
for his piety and virtue, appointed the mission then
Ireland, where arrived pontificate Sixtus III. The place
have been some part the coast
being repulsed the natives, sailed northward, and landed
small island off the coast Bregia, which island was afterwards called Holm Patrick, St. Patrick's Isle, and situated near Skerries, the county Dublin; having rested here for some
time, proceeded northwards and landed Inver Slainge, Dalaradia, now either Strangford Lough the Bay Dundrum, the district then called Magh Inis, peninsula which now forms
the barony Lecale, the county Down. Here converted Dicho, chief that territory, being the first convert he had made the Christian faith; and this place St. Patrick erected church called Sabhal Phadraic, Patrick's Barn, from which the parish Saul, near Downpatrick, derived name; proceeded thence the northern part Dalaradia, the residence his old master Milcho, the land the Cruthmeans Irish Picts, and
432, the first year the his landing supposed
Wicklow Dublin, but
to in
of
of of an
of is, on
in
in
as of a
its
or
in no of to
of as as as of of is of a to
in by
he
a
toof in
hetoof
of to of
at
by a
of on
he heof of
is
toof
of ofA. D.
of
a
in
in by in in in at toto
of
in or of
heon inD.
or
on D. a
at of of
on
to in a to he
of
ed ed of is in
A. D.
of
in by tohe A.
a
of of
of at A.
of at
of
of
ofinonofto ofofat hein
of fit in he in of ofofin ofinintoof
to
he D. in
orheA. be aintoallAofheain
is or at to
to a
in A. as
of in
or
in as a
by of at in a
of
of
in
D. he a to or
ofof of a in
ofa
or at on a atofof in
to
of inoronofas
to inor ofin
of
Fanat, he and his kinsmen, with their forces and the Albanian (Scottish) troops who had joined
him, marched and encamped Ceannmaghair (in Donegal), meet them, and watch the movements
maicne, now parts of Longford and Leitrim, and to Magh Sleacht
in Brefney, now Fenagh in Leitrim, where he destroyed the idols,
and great temple of the Druids, and erected a church on its ruins. Crossing the Shannon, he proceeded onward into Connaught, where
the dispute was amicably arranged, and The remains SS. Bridget and Columkille patrick, and buried there along with those
was buried were removed St. Patrick,
Down. Down which
REIGN OF EDWARD IV. 271
having in vain endeavoured to convert Milcho, who remained an
obstinate Pagan, he determined to proceed to Tara, the chief
seat of the Irish kings. Having set sail from Dalaradia south Life, was man small stature, but great energy, and activity
ward, he landed at Inver Colpa, now the bay or mouth of the river Boyne, near Drogheda, and proceeded onward to Slane,
and thence to the royal residence at Tara, where, on Easter Sun
day, in the year 433, he preached the Gospel in the presence of
the monarch Laoghaire and a great assembly of the chiefs, Druids,
and people; he made many converts, and, amongst others, it is
stated, of some of the bards and learned men, but at the commence
ment of his mission he received much opposition from the monarch
and his chief Druids. On Easter Monday he preached at Tailten,
another royal residence near Tara, and proceeded soon after to
Teffia, now Westmeath, and preached at the hill of Usneagh, a
celebrated seat of Druidism; he then went to Annaly and Con Armagh and Louth, respecting the possession his remains, but
he spent seven years in the conversion of that province, and
erecting churches, and departing thence about A. D. 440, he
crossed the river Drobhaois in Brefney, at the place now called
Bundroos, in the county of Leitrim; and from thence to Easroe, now observed that Patrick was favourite christian name with many
age, according Lanigan, but Ussher and others place his death 493, his 120th year. St. Patrick, according Jocelyn's
mind and body. On the news his death, vast numbers the clergy flocked from all parts Ireland attend his funeral obse quies, which were celebrated with great pomp for twelve succes sive days, and with such profusion lights and torches that
said the nights were rendered bright day. He was buried Dun-da-leath-glas, which was also called Dune, latinised Du
num, and from him called Dun-Patraic, Downpatrick.
Jocelyn depth,
says was buried under great stone,
very deepgrave, being five cubits was feared attempt would
remove his body, for people the county
made great contest arose between the Ulidians,
Down, and the Orgiallians, people
the year 1293. The memory St. Patrick was for many ages venerated
Scotland and the Isle Mann, much Ireland, and many churches were dedicated him these countries; and may be
account has been given note these Annals
Ballyshannon; he crossed the river Erne, and proceeded through
Tirconnell or Donegal, converting great numbers and founding
the Scottish nobility, the Grahams, dukes Montrose; the Drummonds, earls Perth; the Lindsays, earls Crawford; the Lyons, thanes Glamis; the Homes, earls Marchmont; the Boyles, earls Glasgow; the Maules, earls Panmure; the Gordons, earls Aberdeen; the Dunbars, earls March the Murrays, earls Elibank; the Hays, earls Kinnoul; the Crichtons, earls Dumfries; the Oliphants, lords Oliphant.
churches in all those places; he next went to Dalrieda or the
northern part of Antrim; and thence to Dalaradia or Ulidia, which
territories now form the southern parts of Antrim and the county of Down; thence to Tir Eogain, now Tyrone; and to Orgiall, now
the counties of Armagh, Monaghan, and Louth, and onward to
Ardbracan and various other parts of the kingdom of Meath. great number the heads all these families, and others, bore According to Jocelyn the monk, in his Life of St. Patrick, and the name Patrick former times, may seen the Peer some other writers, it is stated that St. Patrick crossed the river ages Scotland, while appears strange that scarcely any the at Finglas; and in the year 448, converted Alphin, son of Eoch old Irish chiefs bore the name Patrick, though the name the great aidh, king of Ath Cliath or Dublin, and baptized him in a patron saint Ireland. full account the numerous lives fountain, near which a church was afterwards erected in the place St. Patrick will found the works Ware, Usher, Colgan, on which St. Patrick’s Cathedral now stands. St. Patrick pro O'Conor's Rer. Hib. Scrip. , and Lanigan, from which the above ceeded to Leinster to the territories of Hy-Garchon and Hy article has been compiled.
Kinsellagh, parts of the present counties of Wicklow, Wexford,
and Carlow; and also to Leix, now the Queen's county; to Naas
and Kilcullen in Kildare; to Ossory, now the county of Kilkenny ;
to Ormond and other parts of Tipperary; and to Cashel, where he
converted and baptized Aongus, king of Cashel; thence to Luim
neach or Limerick, where he converted many of the people of
Thomond; thence to Desmond, or parts of Cork and Kerry, and
spent altogether seven years in Munster, converting kings, parts Ireland, which full accounts may found D'Alton's
princes, and people; returning to Leinster, he crossed the river Brosna, and proceeded into Hy Falgia or Offaley, now the
King's county, where it is stated that a chieftain named Failge, an obstinate Pagan, having determined to assasinate the saint, killed by mistake with the thrust of a spear Odran, his charioteer, who sacrificed his own life to save St. Patrick; hence St. Odran has beenesteemed the first martyr to the faith in
valuable history the county and the archbishops Dublin,
Whitelaw and Walsh's History Dublin, Ware's and Grose's Antiquities, Wallancey's Collectanea, the Topographies Seward and Lewis, Rawson's Survey Kildare, &c.
Cromleacs. -The name Cromleac, signifies the stone Crom; and they were called from being used the worship Crom, one the deities the Irish Druids, said represent Fate, or,
Ireland. St. Patrick having returned through Meath and Orgiall, according Lanigan and others, the god fire, the sun, and
founded many churches, and having lands granted to him by Daire Dearg, a prince of the race of Clan Colla, who possessed the territory about Eamhain Macha, now Armagh, he erected a church or cathedral on the hill called Ard Macha, A. D. 455, and thus founded the see of Armagh, which became the metropolitan see or seat of the primacy of Ireland. According Jocelyn
and others, St. Patrick repaired Rome about 460, give account his mission Ireland Pope Leo the Great, who confirmed his acts, and approved the establishment the metropolitan see Armagh. Having, during mission about thirty-three years, according Lanigan, but much longer accord ing others, converted almost the whole the Irish the
sometimes called Crom Dubh, Black Crom, and Crom Cruach, signifying Crom the Heaps stones Cairns,as quoted Lanigan
from the Tripartite Life St. Patrick; and the Idol Crom Cruach, stated Lanigan and O'Flaherty’s Ogygia, quoting from the
Four Masters, and also the Book Invasions, the O'Clerys, was destroyed by St. Patrick the temple the Druids, on Magh Sleacht Brefney, now Fenagh Leitrim, and the last Sunday summer still called Domhnach Chroim Duibh, the Sunday Black Crom, being sacred St. Patrick the anniver sary commemorating the destruction the idol. This the real origin the name Cromleac, and not from the stones being sloping position, absurdly stated by some writers, and derived
Christian faith, performed many great miracles, consecrated more from the opinions the common people. The chief deities the than three hundred bishops, with vast numbers priests pres Druids were the sun, moon, stars, and winds; and woods, wells, byters, and founded many hundred churches, died Saul, near fountains, and rivers, were also objects adoration. The sun was Downpatrick, above stated, A. D. 465, the 78th year his worshipped under the designation Bel, Beal, Baal, the
St. Patrick first communicated the Irish the Roman Alpha bet and Latin language, but the Irish had their own Celtic Alpha bet, and written language, many centuries before the arrival St. Patrick, though has been absurdly asserted some shallow antiquarians that the Irish had use letters before his time.
Antiquities. —Numerous memorials the most remote ages still exist the counties Dublin and Kildare, all other
as
all of at
in
at of
to
or
of
as byof or
as by inin
of of of ofof
as
in
of to it
he of of
a
A. D.
or to
of of
to
an to
byof or in
of of of
A
in to
all to
of ofof ofas is
ofofof ahe
a
is
by
ofof of of
oftoat
; of
of
to
in in
to
in
a of of of
of ain of
as in
of in an
or atis
of at
in of
A it
of so of
ofofof
of to
to
of
as of toinbe be inof
as
of of
be
of ofof
in a asa
it
in
of
of it a
asatoof
of in of in
ofof aof
ator no in as of ofto as
of
oftooforof as toanofof
of in in ofof ofof he or to at
of in
of at it
or be
to
272 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1461.
of the sons of Niall O’Donnell, and of Maolmuire (Mac Sweeney), who accompanied them from his
Phenicians and other eastern nations, and also under the name of Grian. The time dedicated to the worship of the moon was called Samhuin, which was one of their deities; and the wind was worshipped under the name of Gaoth. The sacred fire of Beal was lighted on the eveningof the first day of summer, or May eve, at the temple of the Druids on the hill of Usneagh, situated a few miles from Mullingar in Westmeath; hence that day is still named in the Irish La Beal-Teinme, that the day Beal's fire. The sacred fire Samhuin was lighted the eve the first day winter,
Tlachtga, Meath, another chief seat Druidism, situated place now called the Hill Ward, between Trim and Athboy; and the Irish La Samhna, Samhuin's day, the name applied the first November. No fires were permitted lighted Ireland, but those obtained from the Druids May and November, who delivered their sacred fire the people with great
own country; when the sons of Niall O’Donnell, and the people of Fanat were informed of this,
immense stones stated, that four thousand still remain, formed into numerous concentric circles, and covering area about half mile diameter. Ireland there are cromleacs, and
the common people Ireland, the cromleacs are generally called giants' graves. An account has beengiven the note Brefney the great temple the Druids Magh Sleacht, now
incantations, and for obtaining
silver coin equivalent three pence on every house head family.
tom originating from the celebration
still preserved the May fires lighted Ireland. The oak
was sacred tree were chiefly celebrated Irish Draoi Drui,
the Druids, and the rites Druidism the oak groves; and the name Druid, supposed derived from the Irish
Hill; and the Hills Killiney and Howth. various parts Kildare, particularly about Naas and Kilcullen, are huge pillar stones, considered Drnidical remains; and, according Giraldus Cambrensis, there was former times the Curragh
tion Druid from the Greek language, which their learned men
spoke Caesar's time.
According the Dictionaire Historique
Cultes Religieuse, the word Druid was derived from Derw, Deru, which the Gaulish language signified oak and
may observed, that Drus the Greek for oak, word which resembles the Celtic. By Cesar, Pliny, and other Roman wri ters, the Gaulish word for Druids was rendered Druidae and Druides, and modern Latin writers the word Druids has been often translated into Magi. Three the Tuath De Danan kings
Ireland were named from their peculiar deities; one was called Mac Coill, the Son the Wood, worshipped the woods;
another Mac Ceacht, the Son the Plough, his god being that chief emblem husbandry; and the third Mac Greine, Grian, the sun, was the great object his adoration. Accounts
Monmouth relates, curious legend, that the prodigious stones the great monument the plains Kildare were remov from thence, and fixed upon Salisbury plain, and called Stone
Henge, the fifth century, either Aurelius Ambrosius,
Uther Pendragon, kings the Britons, assisted the arts and spells Merlin, the famous magician Wales. This legend probably signifies, that the model Stone-Henge was copied from the great monument the plains Kildare.
Cairns, called from the Irish Carn, which signifies heap pile stones, were huge heaps stones, some them the size
large house,and containing many thousands cart loads stones usually placed high hills and mountains, and still existing
payment one screapal, modern money was levied Some remnants the cus
Fenagh Leitrim, which was destroyed St. Patrick. Crom leacs, and other Druidical remains, still exist the county Dublin, Mount Venus, near Tallaght; Glen Druid, near Cab inteely Glen Southwell, the Little Dargle, and Larch
the sacred fire the Druids,
Druidical circles, temples immense stones, every county; but vast numbers them have been various times, by some barbarous persons who have
remains
found
broken
no regard for the venerable remains antiquity. As Druidism was the religious system the Celtic nations, Gauls, Britons, Irish, &c. , Druidical monuments are found all the countries possessed by the Celtic race. The cromleacs were Druidical altars, which they offered up sacrifices, and very often human victims, the Canaanites did Moloch; and they were also used sepulchral monuments, for, excavating under them, funeral urns, and remains human bones, have beenfound; and
Dair Duir, which signifies the oak or, according others, was derived from the Greek word Drus, which also signifies oak tree, the ancient Gauls are said have taken the deriva
Kildare stupendous Druidical monument, temple, cir cular form, composed enormous stones, and exactly resembling Stone-Henge England, but traces now remain. Geoffrey
Irish Druidism will found Ware, Toland, Keating, O'Hallo many parts Ireland. According Toland and others, they
ran, and Vallancey, and interesting descriptions the Druids Gaul and Britain are given Caesar's Commentaries
The cromleacs are generally composed from three four,
seven huge pillar stones, standing upright and fixed
were partly erected for Druidical worship, and also sepulchral monuments over the remains warriors and kings; and some
these heaps stones, used sepulchres, were called the Irish Leacht, and Taimleacht, which signify sepulchral monuments.
Sepulchral mounds, commonly called moats Ireland, and barrows the English antiquaries, are circular, conical form, having the appearance hillocks, and various sizes. The interior generally composed heap small stones, resembling
cairn, but covered with earth, and, when opened, they are found
contain funeral urns, remains human bones,military weapons,
and various other articles, which prove them have been places sepulture for kings, chiefs, and warriors, the Pagan times;
cient nations, the Greeks, Gauls, Scythians, Scandinavians,
six deep
the earth their smaller ends, and varying from five eight ten feet height, and the top placed pro digious flag, table stone, sloping position, one end being
six,
much higher than the other. These table stones are enormous
size, and some fifty tons;
them estimated weigh from twenty, forty and many these cromleacs are situated
deep vallies, and other places difficult access,
high hills,
and several instances those stones have been conveyed for
for after the introduction Christianity these sepulchral mounds
distance many miles, such stones being found the neigh
bourhood, these circumstances have naturally given rise the were discontinued. This mode burial was used by various an
popular opinion, that the cromleacs were constructed giants, and would appear that race men gigantic strength were alone capable placing those prodigious stones, immense fragments rocks, their position; for would found
extremely difficult convey those huge stones any considerable distance, and place them their position, even the great power
modern machinery.
The Druidical Temples were likewise composed huge stones, standing upright circular form, with great top stones placed them. The most perfect specimen existing Druidical
temple the stuwendousmonument stonescalled Stone-Henge,
Saxons—
upon
And heard Troy doubted—time will doubt
Achilles,
the Helles
Rome. ”
, &c. ,
others Homer's heroes, still remain on the shores pont; and Byron beautifully says—
Chrimea remain some the sepulchral mounds the old Scythian Salisbury plain, England; but France there are Druid kings. England these sepulchral mounds are very numerous.
ical remains far more extensive, though ruder formation, Carnac, Bretagne, consisting huge stones standing upright, some them from twelve fifteen feet height; and those
and great size, Salisbury plain, and other places; and
Ireland sepulchral mounds are found almost every county, par ticularly Meath, Louth, Dublin, and Kildare. Along the banks
and the
great sepulchral
mounds
and
I’ve stood
Achilles' tomb
The stupendous earthen mound, resembling large hill, raised the memory Alyattes, king Lydia, near six centuries before the Christian era, still seen Asia Minor, and the
of
it in
toin be of or a or in
in
of
on of in ison
or to or of de it in is
at in of
in In
by in
atatinof as upof at
of
in to byitof an of
in
he to be
of
to
of of of a on as to;toof
of
of of so
of
of or or as
into
in
in or or of of of
by in
or or
in to as on be
in in orof toto
in in a no isin of
toa inin is aof of a in
onis, of of of
of of of itor
a orby of
of of be to a or as ; to
ofofatis
of
at
aon or
of of
itor an
at a
to
to a be
of toa
a
edof of
by
of
isof toan
of in a of
of“of a
of is ofof ; asonin
a on
as on in in
on is
of onto
it is
to beof
of
of ofa
of as
of inof beof a
in
of of In
of
of
on no
ofof in
or
of
or
in a into ofa of of at in
in
to
of
of or In in of ofofinbyon an
in
of a
of in ofor or
of at of a to
to of of on be
of
to
in oftobyof on
of ofitatby of
of as in
or
by
in of
of
they came to the resolution not to alter their course, or avoid any force however great that might op
of the Boyne, between Drogheda and Slane, are many mounds; but the one at Newgrange is the largest in Ireland, covering an area of about two acres, and between eighty and ninety feet in height, having the appearance of a considerable hill; the interior is composed of a huge heap of small stones; but it is covered with several feet of earth; it was much larger than at present, for it was broken into, and several hundred cart-loads of stones carried
some barbarian road-makers; but these excavations, howe ver, led interesting discovery, namely, long gallery, passage, covered with huge flag-stones, leading into the interior, and the centre the mound was found large circular cham ber, vaulted with dome; urns and remains human bones were
pose them, and having determined on that reso lution the sons of O’Donnell, Maolmuire Mac
also found, that this mound was
celebrated Irish king, warrior;
upright, surrounded the mound
still remain. appears, also, that these great mounds were used
ancient times places where assemblies and great conventions were held for legislative purposes, inauguration princes, and
other great meetings the people. the county
are sepulchral mounds various places, and one
Knocksedan near Swords, stated Ware, that
opened time, there were found the remains
gigantic size, the skeleton measuring, from the ankle-bone the top the skull, eight feet four inches; the bones the skull were very thick, and the teeth enormous size; the limbs were
very iarge proportion, and appears that this giant, when
living, must have been nearly nine feet high. Kildare, there
An account the Ceme Connaught, Meath, &c. ,
fortress, but commonly called Lios, which also signifies fortress habitation. They have been usually called Danish forts, and
are circular earthen ramparts, surrounded with deep fosse,
ditch, some them composed single rampart, others two,
and some having treble ramparts; the usual area the interior these raths contains from about half rood half acre, but some them are much larger, and contain the interior from acre two acres. These raths are mostly situated hills, and are found every county; they are extremely numerous most
the counties Ulster and Connaught, and there are least
thirty thousand them still remaining Ireland, though many
them have been levelled but the peasantry and farmers enter
tain belief transmitted down tradition from time immemorial,
that very unlucky meddle with them, and always followed some misfortune, these places are supposed sacred
Ascul, near Athy, and Mullaghmast. teries the Pagan kings Ireland,
has beengiven pp. 122–3, the note
Raths, called from the Irish Rath, which signifies fort
REIGN OF EDWARD IV. 273
doubt the sepulchre some circle huge stonesstanding Newgrange, and many them
South Connaught.
Dublin there these,
seats and fortresses Naas and Dun Leamhna, now Dunlavan, the borders Kildare, Wicklow, and Dublin. Dun, and also Dinn, were names applied ancient fortresses.
Round Towers. --So much has been written about these inte resting remains Irish antiquity, that enumerate the various theories respecting them would far exceed the limits this article,
and the opinions the origin, era, and uses those beautiful but mysterious structures, whose history hidden the night
time, are
was former times round tower situated Ship-street, not far from the castle Dublin, but traces now remain. the county Kildare there are five round towers still remaining, situ ated Kildare,0ld Kilcullen,Castledermott,Oughterard, andTagh adoe. the counties Dublin and Kildare are many interesting ruins, andremains ancientabbeys,churches,castles,andotheran
tiquities, too numerous here mentioned. The remains anti quity Ireland are very numerous,and extremely interesting, though
much has been destroyed by the silent hand more by the ruthless fury fanaticism and war,
ancient and modern times, like the Vandals
troyed various works art. The stones many Druidical tem ples and cromleacs have beenbroken; sepulchral mounds and raths, the ramparts ancient fortresses, and even walls Cyclopean architecture, have been levelled; eairns have beenscattered, round towers have been barbarously thrown down, shamefully suffered
fall into dilapidation and ruin; abbeys, churches and castles have been demolished, and their materials have been placed other buildings; splendid stone crosses, sculptures, and statues,
have been broken and mutilated; golden and silver ornaments massive size and beautiful workmanship, worn ancient kings, queens, and chieftains, have been carried off other countries, sold goldsmiths, and melted-down, and many other interesting
remains ancient art have been destroyed, though all these me morials remote ages should watched over with unceasing veneration, and preserved posterity with the most sacred care.
The note Moy Liffey and Bregia, will concluded the
whether they were built for Pagan remains subject antiquarian con
Dublin there are round towers Lusk, Swords, and Clondalkin, and some remains one near the old church Rathmichael, between Killiney and Bray; and there
Christian troversy.
various, that, purposes, still the county
are many these mounds the Curragh, and also Naas,
its being man
time, but much the barbarians old, having des
the tower enchanted ground, and the habitations fairies, this fear, London, but was liberated his party 1470, and for short
coupled with proper feeling veneration for antiquities, has for tunately preserved from destruction those interesting memorials remote ages. They are commonly called Danish forts, from some tradition that they were erected fortresses the Danes, and the theory their having been Danish works, has been ab surdly maintained by Ledwich, and other shallow antiquaries. Some them may have been erected the Danes, but many thousands of them are found remote parts, the interior the country, where the Danes had possessions, those pirates were chiefly located the towns along the sea-coast, and evident that these raths must have formed the fortresses and chief habitations the ancient Irish, and many them doubt erected
time restored the throne; his forces were, however, defeated by those king Edward the great battle Tewksbury, the year 1471, and himself being taken prisoner, was sent again
the tower, where he was killed the same year by Richard, duke Gloucester, afterwards king Richard III.
Lords Lieutenant. —In 1462, George, duke Clarence, bro ther king Edward IV. , was appointed lord lieutenant Ireland for life; was born Dublin during the time his father, Richard Plantaganet, duke York, had been lord lieutenant. The duke
Clarence did not come Ireland, but appointed various lords deputies act under him; 1462, sir Roland Fitz Eustace, ba ron Portlester, and viscount Baltinglass; 1463, Thomas Fitzgerald, earl Desmond, who was afterwards beheaded
the Firbolgs, Danans, and ‘Milesians, more than thousand
Years before the Danes arrived Ireland. the county Kil Drogheda; 1467, John Tiptoft, earl Worcester, who was af dare are some remarkable raths, and very large; the Rath terwards beheaded England, A. D. 1470, for his adherence Mullaghmast contains area about two acres, and Allen, king Edward IV. against Henry VI. 1467, Thomas Fitzmau near Old Kilcullen, another great rath, and there one very rice Fitzgerald, earl Kildare; 1475, William Sherwood, great size the Curragh Kildare. These were doubt the
fortresses ancient Irish chiefs kings.
f*orming the county the preceding part
this article, had fortresses
Howth, Swords,
Gray Ruthin 1478, Robert Preston, viscount Gormans
town, and Gerald Fitzgerald, earl Kildare, acted lords
deputies 1478,
the duke Clarence. the duke Clarence
Dunleary;
and
Kildare, kings
the Leinster had
royal
the territory now Dublin, the ancient kings, mentioned
bishop Meath and lord chancellor Ireland 1471, sir Ro land Fitz Eustace second time; 1478, Henry Gray, lord
next number.
Educard IV. the year 1461, king Henry VI. , the
House Lancaster, was deposed, and Edward, earl the deceased Richard Plantaganet, duke York,
March, son head the the 4th
house York, was proclaimed king, Edward IV. ,
March, 1461. The deposed King Henry was confined
A. D. 1461.
N of
in onasof
of
of
of
in
to
In so
Inof
inofin ;
in of
as
of
of to of of to he
to
of
insoofhis to onofofa ofatin Itsoan
by orbyoforallinoff
inofofis in as on
to ;
or
no allas
a
it
a no
of
inof on it is
of
a
of
of of
toof or in at in
ofitatoofofof in is in
by
on
at asby inaInof
of by
InInin of to
of a
in ofa
as no nois a
of
ofat of
in of is
to on an of at of of onof be aa a
of of
or
it
of
atin
of to anofororat ofat
of
of 1.
by
be
of
In of of
of of
as a at inof or
of
in
ofin by of of at
of
as
in
a
in
in In it by
of
;he ofasof
ofof
in to of of
ina of of
of in in in In
of a to at of toof
sir
of to in
to
ofbe ofas to no to
on
ofin of
; beofofofof
to or 2 all in in of by
inof
of on
asofa of in ofofin
In
at
toat ofto of orofin
of of itin
is to
274 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1461.
Sweeny, Owen Bacach Mac Sweeney, and those that joined them, the people Fanat, marched
Felim Fionn (the Fair) O'Conor was taken pri soner by his own kinsmen, namely, the sons Bryan Ballach, and Roderick the son O'Conor
meet and oppose O’Donnell, and the sons
Naghtan, Ceannmaghair; soon the two Don, the beginning this year, which parties approached they did not hesitate attack account disturbances and commotions arose
each other, account their mutual enmity, hatred, provocations, and dissensions; fierce and
Siol Murray (Roscommon,) and Teige O'Conor
himself was taken prisoner.
Mac William Burke and his kinsmen marched
with force into the plain Connaught, redeem
desperate engagement ensued,
which O’Don
nell, Torlogh Cairbreach, and the sons
Naghtan were defeated. Manus, brother O’Don Felim Fionn (O'Conor), from the son Bryan
nell, with many others were slain, and Torlogh Ballach, and they gave him his own demand, and
Cairbreach O’Donnell himself was taken prisoner the nobles Connaught went security him, and and deposed. After this defeat Ceannmaghair, Felim was liberated from his chains Felim took those chiefs proceeded Kil-Mac-Nenain (Kil those nobles with him Carn Fraoich Mac Fiodh macrenan), and Hugh Roe (O’Donnell), the son aih. Foltruaidg,” and Mac Dermott put his shoe Niall Garv, was nominated lord (of Tirconnell), him after had redeemed him; they then according the established custom, and O’Don took the hostages the race Ona, the son nell, that Hugh Roe, then nominated Maol Aongus, and Hy Briuin (O'Rourke's country, muire Mac Sweeney, the Mac Sweeney Fanat. Leitrim), and Mac William returned home, leaving
Manus, son Bryan, son Donal, the son those hostages with the son Bryan Ballach.
Murtogh O'Conor, lord Carbury Sligo), died.
When the sons of O'Conor Roe were informed of
this, they redeemed Teige O'Conor from O'Conor Mac Caghwell, Bryan, lord Kinel Fere Don for the half-townland Clar, and after that dach (in Tyrone), died, and Owen Mac Caghwell they allied themselves the sons Conor Mac
was appointed lord. Fergal O'Gara, tanist
Coolavin (in Sligo),
Branan chief Roscommon).
great war was carried the English
Meath and Leinster, which great portion Meath was spoiled.
O'Conor Faily, and the son Richard Butler, marched Druim Turleime (now Drumhurlin, between Collinstown and Mullingar Westmeath) with army upwards one thousand horse men helmeted, fearless, and undismayed, and sent forth their forces, horsemen and scouring parties, burn and lay waste Meath every rection, and the course this contest the son
was killed by Mac Costello.
The dean O'Maoileoin (O'Malone), the most
learned man all Ireland, died Clonmacnois ofthe son ofFiodach.
Aongus Magrath, learned poet (in Thomond), Niall Oge O'Higgin; and Niall, the son Fergal Oge O'Higgin, died.
Mahon, the son William O'Ferrall, died.
William O'Flanagan, priest and canon chapter Elphin, died.
the
being accused high treason against his brother, king Edward,
London.
child, being then only four five years age, was nominated lord
lieutenant Ireland, and Gerald Fitzgerald, earl Kildare, acted lord deputy.
Carn Fraoich Mac Fiodhaigh Foltruaidh, signifies the Carn Fraoch, the son Fiodhach the Red Hair, and was called from Fraoch, ancient warrior, who was buried there. This place, now called Carnfree, situated near Tulsk, the county Roscommon, and, before stated these notes, was the place inauguration the O'Conors, kings Connaught; and the Mac Dermotts, princes Moylurg, holding the office hereditary marshals Connaught, presided the inauguration the kings Connaught; the O'Conor inaugurated this time was
O'Conor Don, and the term above used, putting on his shoe O'Conor, signifies that was inaugurated, the ceremony
was condemned but being allowed the privilege
manner death, requested suffocated
sey wine, which was accordingly done the tower
1479, Richard, duke York, son king Edward IV. , mere rone and kings Ulster, were inaugurated Tullaghoge, Ty
choosing the butt Malm
putting shoe, ornamented slipper, wasused theseinau gurations; and stated that when the O'Neills, princes Ty
rone, already described, that O'Hagan, chief Tullaghoge, who
presided the inauguration the O'Neills, put the foot the
elected prince golden slipper, ornamented with gold, which completed the ceremony; and some these ornamental inaugura tion slippers, made leather and other materials, very elegant workmanship, have been found bogs and other places, and
seen some museums and collections antiquities. Ona, above mentioned, the son Aongus, was king Connaught the fifth
century, and stated have given his palace, called Imleach Ona, present St. Patrick, which place founded the see Elphin.
of
of
of
e.
is,to at
of of of
of
i.
of an
of of of
he in on of
of at asin
of
of in
of
as
at ofaof of of
a
in a of ofof so In
of
ofin
as as
A on
a
as 2.
to
a aton allan
in
at
of of
on of
of
he
of
at
in
for ofto
onof
; of
of i. as or a e.
of
of to
isbe ofof
to
of
at
in of
a to (a isa to
of
of it in
tois of
to
he
of
to as of of to
ofof or of in he
in
in or of
of by to to
of
of
of of ofabyof
of
to be
of
in of
at
onof as
in
of
;
of on
di
of of
or of
in
of
(in
all
at
in
of
of of of of
%
of Felim, the son of the Calvach O’Conor, was made prisoner by John, the son of Mac Thomas;
O'Conor received great presents from the English for granting them peace, as was always customary
with those who held his place.
Mac Geoghegan committed great depredations
on the baron of Delvin (Nugent, in Westmeath), and also on the Ledwiches, so that he plundered the country as far as Eithne (the river Inny, on the borders of Westmeath and Longford).
Port Loman (a parish in Westmeath) was plun dered by the sons of Irial O'Ferrall.
Malachy, the son of Flann O'Donnellan (in Gal way), died.
Theobald O'Mulloy, lord of the half of Fercall
received O'Ferrall, who gave him lands for his cattle, and possessions the country for his people. Mac William Clanrickard, marched with an army into Hy Cairin (Ikerrin, Tipperary), where O’Magher, Teige, with his supporters, met and opposed them; and William Burke, the son
Mac William, was slain the son O’Maher, with the cast javelin, which blow O’Maher was victorious, and the same O’Maher, lord Iker rin, after his death, was succeeded by his son.
King’s county), was killed Wood.
O’Mulloy
the
rived and and
Ireland, with powerful host
great war arose between the earls Desmond, which Gerald, theson
Saxons, Ormond the earl
prior Devenish Derg.
Bryan, son
Fermanagh), died Lough Philip Maguire, the most hospi
table and generous man his time province Ulster, was killed while
his property, which was carried away
the sons Art O’Neill, namely, Roderick and kinsmen, after having obtained their protection,
and being imprisoned by them for some time. Edmond Roe, the son John Maguire, was
killed the same Roderick.
Teige, the son Owen O'Conor, lord Car
bury Sligo), died
Teige O'Conor, and his kinsmen, defeated the
sons Bryan Ballach, which Dermod, son
Bryan, and John, son Tiarnan the Corra, were Bryan Ballach were dis
Donogh, the son
Teige, the son
slain; and the sons
possesed and expelled from their lands and properties; the two sons Bryan fled ter
Thomas, son Cathal, the son
O'Ferrall, tanist Annaly, was slain
na-pailise (in Longford), night, while endea vouring recover his property, carried away
party the Dillons, the O'Conors, and the sons
Murtogh; they carried off his head and his property, having the time only few attend ants, which was rare occurrence with him.
ror Mac Branan's place Greanchaidh (in Roscommon), but Mac Branan was obliged forsake them, that they were proclaimed through every district, and Mac Branan himself was expel led from his country into Annaly, where was
REIGN OF EDWARD IV. 275
the entire pursuit
force
Mac Branan,
Con, the son The young earl
Tomaltach Carrach, the son Hugh, died advanced age. Ormond (John Butler), ar
monastery commenced
friars minor (Franciscans) was Monaghan during the time that Bryan, the son Ardgal Mac
Felim, the son
Mahon, was lord Oriel.
A. D. 1462.
Desmond, was taken prisoner the Butlers, who also took possession Waterford; both parties finally resolved giving each other battle, and was against the will the earl Ormond that the son Richard (Butler), went fight the battle
that day; however was defeated the en gagement, and himself taken prisoner, and some state that 410 them (the Butlers), were buried
that day, besidos their commander and officers. The Geraldines, after gaining that battle with great slaughter, took Kilkenny, and the great towns the territory, from the Butlers; the young earl Ormond, with his English, were the town Dangan (in Kilkenny), which could not taken from them. Another brother the earl (of Or mond) arrived Ireland, and seized four ships belonging the earl Desmond, sea, with they contained, through which the Butlers gained great power.
Con O’Melaghlin, with the Dillons, and Lisagh,
son Rossa (O'Ferrall), defeated O'Ferrall Noghaval (in Westmeath), and Edmond, the son
O’Ferrall, and eleven men the race Mur togh Oge O'Ferrall, were taken prisoners; the loss prisoners and slain was seventy.
Bartholomew, the son Hugh O'Flanagan,
Thomas Bel-atha
he
of
a
in
of ofhe on in ofi. a
of
to ofa
of of of
on on of of of of ofa in
of to he
to
i. e.
by
to
of
(in
of
of, so
of
at of in
of
by
by by
in
of
of of
in
of
of of
of
of
by
in
of
of
byin in his byof
of on
by
of
of of
at of ofaof
e.
of
of
of
at
(in
of of toofbyat at in an
a
2ofbe of
2N
on in of of of by at all of of of it
of
at of
A
(in
he of
in
ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1463-64.
A. D. 1463. Lady day, and was interred with honours at Ros Gillcreest Mac Edigein, vicar of Teampul common, by the race of Cathal Crovdearg
Patrick, at Elphin, and canon of the chapter, died.
Conor, son of Cathal Roe Mac Rannall, lord of
Clan Bibacht (in Leitrim), died.
James, son of Gerald, earl of Desmond, died.
(O'Conor), east and west, and the tribes of Siol Murray (in Roscommon).
Cedach O'Moore, lord of Leix (in Queen's county), died of the plague.
Donal O’Rourke, John, son of the official (vicar general), the son of Murtogh Oge O'Ferrall,
Dermod More, the son of Dermod O'Conor,
was killed by the sons of Teige O'Conor, at Eas Malachy, son of Bryan, the son of Murtogh Oge
da-conna, on the river Boyle.
Culein O’Dempsey (in the King’s county), was
slain by the English.
Cormac Ballach, the son of Conor Mac Donogh,
the most distinguished chief's son of any in North
Connaught for nobleness, hospitality, and feats of
O'Ferrall, with his wife, More, daughter of James O'Kennedy, the wife of Mac Geoghegan, with her daughter, and Murtogh, the son of John O’Dui
genan, died of the same plague.
Murtogh, son of Art O’Melaghlin, and his wife,
the daughter of O'Coffey, together with three others, died in the space of twenty-four hours from
arms, and also the most learned and intelligent in
the arts, died after having gained the victory of the effects of a bite of a horse, which had the same
extreme unction and repentance.
William Burke, the son of Richard, made an
attack on the castle of Mulin Adam (in Sligo), in retaliation for the loss of his eye; he was pursued to the borders of Ballymote, where he turned on his pursuers, and slew fifteen of them, with the son of Manus, the son of Dermod Mac Donogh, and the sons of O’Neill, who had on a former occasion deprived him of his eye at that castle.
The son of Maju Barrett, lord of Tyrawley, and
Siacus Cam, the son of Fergal, lord of the Clan Awlave O’Ferrall, died.
lumps the prevailing epidemic).
Redmond, son the prior, the son Loghlin
O'Ferrall, died the plague.
Donal Cam, the son Conor Mac Donogh, died.
Mac Dermott Roe, Dermod, the son
Malachy, Cathal Bacach, the son Cormac Fermoyle, and Beanmumban, the daughter O'Flanagan, died.
Con, son Niall Garv O’Donnell, and Aon
gus, the son Niall O'Donnell, were slain Eignaghan, the son Naghtan O’Donnell,
Graine (or Grace), the daughter of Teige Findruim (in Donegal), the 8th May.
O'Rourke, the wife of Mac Donogh, died.
Teige, son of Donal More Mac Donogh, lord of
O'Neill, and the sons Naghtan O’Donnell, proceeded with predatory force into Tirconnell, after the death Con O’Donnell, and they burned
the half of Tirerrill, died.
Henry, son of Felim O'Reilly, was killed by the country far Ballyshannon, and carried
Donogh, the son of Thomas Oge Maguire.
Hugh, the son of Gillpatrick Maguire, died. The king of England sent presents to O’Neill,
i. e. Henry, the son of Owen, viz. , forty-eight yards
away many horses and cows; but, however, they did not with impunity, for they lost the value what they had taken, namely, Bryan, the son
Conor Oge, the son Conor Roe Mac Guire, man distinguished for hospitality and feats
of scarlet cloth, a chain (or collar) of gold, &c.
O'Neill gave pay to the lord of Thomond, i. e. arms, and who kept house general hospitality,
Teige, the son of Torlogh O’Brien. together with twenty-eight their forces, who were slain.
A. D. 1464.
Breasal, the son Donogh O'Kelly, and Mala chy, the son William O'Kelly, who were
Fear Sithe Mac Duibhne (or Mac Devine), contention with each other for the lordship Hy
bishop of the two Brefnies (Kilmore), died. Dermod Mac Murcadhain, a worthy priest,
died.
Teige O'Conor died on the Saturday after first
Maine, died one week the end April, for Breasal had said, when the messenger Malachy
came visit him his death-bed sickness, “I accept meeting with Malachy week's time,
a to
go
(i. e.
at in
of on
e. of
a
of of
of ofof
of
of
in
as of
of ofaofof
a ofof
onofa as
of of i.
of
of
in of at by of of of
REIGN OF EDWARD IV. 277 in the presence of the Lord of us both,” and they them, for they were both killed, together with
liam O'Kelly and the sons of Donogh O'Kelly, others of the people of the Calladh, with William,
both attended that call.
sixteen of their people.
A great contest arose between the sons of Wil Bryan O’Breen, with ten of his people, and ten
after the deaths of Breasal and of Malachy.
The son of Richard Butler, a man of the most exalted fame and mobility of the English of Ire
land in his time, died.
Ir, the son of Cathal Roe Mac Rannall, tanist
of his own territory, a man worthy of being a lord
in personal figure and in truth, died a week before
the festival of St. Michael, and Ir, the son of Wil
liam Mac Rannall, was slain by Giolla Glan Dil
lon in the same week, with the single thrust of a
spear, he having been at the time in the company Dermott Gall, with the chiefs of Tir Tuathail, of his mother’s brother, William D’Alton. went and made their submission for their plun
Donal, the son of Murtogh Bacach O'Conor, dered properties and gave hostages to Hugh,
the son of Donogh, the son of the prior O'Ferrall,
were slain by Mac Awley.
O’Donnell, with Mac William Burke, and many
of the Irish and of the English of Ireland along
with them, repaired to Ath-Cliath-Duibhlinne (Dublin), to meet Thomas, earl of Desmond, lord
justice of Ireland at that time, and they entered into a league of peace and alliance with him.
Tir Tuathail (in Roscommon), was plundered by Hugh MacDermott, lord of Moylurg; and Mac
lord of Carbury of Drumcliff (in Sligo), together with his kinsmen, except a few, were slain by the sons of Owen O'Conor, and Roderick, the son of Bryan O'Conor, was appointed lord in his place.
which were retained with the Mac Donoghs since the death of Tomaltach Mac Dermott to that time.
Nine of the lord justice’s people were killed in Fine Gall (Fingall near Dublin), at the insti gation of the bishop of Meath'; the lord justice, the
Felim, son of Donogh, the son of Tiarnan Oge
O’Rourke, was taken prisoner by O’Rourke, and bishop, and Preston, proceeded to the king's palace Hugh, the son of Teige O'Rourke, was taken pri to lodge their complaints against each other. soner by Tiarnan Oge, the son of Donogh, after Thomas, earl of Desmond, returned from the that, in retaliation. king of England's court with the authority of the
Tomaltach Oge O'Gara was killed in a noctur king's viceroy in Ireland, and with great presents
mal attack on Slieve Lugha (in Mayo), by Maurice, the son of Cormac Mac Dermott Gall, and Ed mond Mac Costello of the Plain. "
Loghlin, the son of Maoilin O'Maolconry, after along tribulation, and after having gained the vic
tory of repentance, died and was interred at Elphin. Loghlin, the son of Fircheirtne O'Higgin, died. Thomas Greannach, and Donal, the sons of
Dun Maguire, were killed by their brother Rode rick Glas.
which he received from the king.
Felim O’Rourke, and Hugh, the son of Teige
O'Rourke were liberated on both sides, and peace,
was established in Brefney.
William, son of Maine, the son of Hugh, lord
of the race of Conor Mac Branan (in Roscom mon), died.
Donal Cam, the son of Conor Mac Donogh, died.
A monastery for Franciscans was founded at The sons of O’Kelly, namely, Colla, the prior of Athdara (Adare), in Munster, in the diocese of
John’s church, and Roderick, went on a preying Limerick, on the banks of the river Mague, by incursion at the instigation of Bryan O’Breen of Thomas, earl of Kildare, and Judith, the daughter Breaghmuine (Brawney, in Westmeath), and the of James, earl of Desmond, where they erected a sons of Rossa, the son of Murtogh Midheach tomb for themselves.
O'Ferrall;
but misfortune however attended
A. D. 1464.
1. The Bishop of Meath at that time was William Sherwood, and this affair is thus inentioned by Ware and Leland, namely, that a great dispute having arisen in the neighbourhood of Dublin or Fingall, in which nine of the earl of Desmond's followers were killed, the bishop of Meath was said to be the instigator of this quarrel, from the great enmity he bore the earl, who was then lord
deputy, and a violent altercation having arisen between them, as above-mentioned, both parties sent their agents to England, to lay
their complaints before the throne, and the bishop and the earl af terwards repaired to the court of king Edward, to represent the
matter to his majesty, and the earl having been received with great honours by the king, he thus triumphed over his enemies.
278 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1465-66.
A. D. 1465.
Thomas, son of Maurice, the son of Matthew,
abbot of Lisgoole, died.
Gormley Cavanagh, the daughter of Mac Mur
rogh, king of Leinster, and wife of O’Neill, died. Hugh, son of Conor Mac Dermott, lord of
Moylurg, died, and Conor Oge, the son of Conor
Mac Dermott, was appointed his successor, ac Bryan, the son of Gillpatrick Maguire, abbot of
cording to the election of the tribe of Hugh Mac Lisgoole, and Donal O’Lennon, a canon of Lis
Dermott, both clergy and laity, except alone the
sons of Roderick Mac Dermott, which happened
to be an unfortunate circumstance to them, as, on
the day appointed for holding a conference at
Carnfree (in Roscommon), which was attended by
O'Conor Don, Donogh O'Kelly, and the sons of
Roderick, on the one side, and by Mac Dermott
and his people on the other, a conflict ensued, in
which Dermod, the son of Roderick Mac Dermott,
was slain, whose loss was much lamented in his
own country, and Teige, the son of Roderick
Buighe, was taken prisoner, and O’Conor Don was overthrown.
John Duv, the son of Donogh, the son of Hugh Maguire, was killed by John, the son of Philip Maguire.
John, son of Alexander, the son of John More Mac Donnell, (in Antrim), was killed by Con, the
son of Hugh Buighe O’Neill.