No More Learning

35 Referring to the ignorant assumptions of Ledwich, the Rev. Dr. Lanigan observes:
28 a red
August 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 50
Molua, and living about the time of our saint. If Molua Lobliar and Molua of Clonfert Molua were distinct persons, as there is every reason to suppose, it may be fairly admitted, that the Molua surnamed Lobhar was the founder of the church of 6 in the
Killaloe,3
suggests, likewise, that a Lughaire Lobhar, venerated in the Irish Calendars,
at the nth of
opinion
have been Lua or Molua Lobhar. 38
May,37 may possibly
CHAPTER IV.
MIRACLES WROUGHT BY ST. LUGID OR MOLUA—HIS RELATIONS WITH OTHER IRISH SAINTS—THE RULE OF ST. MOLUA—CLOSING SCENES OF HIS LIFE—HIS LAST VISIT TO ST. CRONAN—HIS DEATH—REVERENCE PAID TO HIS MEMORY—MEMORIALS AND FESTIVALS—CONCLUSION.
The following legend is only worth insertion, because it introduces some ancient names of places, which still require identification. A certain alumnus
of who was named Cruimther Lugid,
Luighdech,
Our saint directed this disciple to settle in a place, called Ochtar Narde,
2
within a district known as Corcho Luigde 3 and, in view of marking out ;
that spot, Lugid with seven men accompanied him on the road. While
travelling through a place, designated Cugenachte,* they met a confederated band of men, said to have been of the Devil's school, and having peculiar badges s on their heads. When Lugid saw them coming in the distance, to avoid the danger threatened to his fellow-travellers, he blessed these, and immediately they were transformed into blocks of decayed wood. On
coming up, the evil-designing wretches said to our saint
:
" Where are the
men we have seen in company with you ?
" He answered
"
They have
disappeared. " Twoofthepartythenstruckthedriedblocksofwood,and
immediately their hands and feet withered ; which judgment coming on them
so frightened the rest, that all fled precipitately away, except those two.
AskingpardonandhealingfromLugid,hehadcompassiononthem. The
use of their limbs he restored, and afterwards they became monks. They were associated, likewise, with the priest Luigdech, and with him they
6
remained in Ochtar Narde, to the very day of their death.
Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
land," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect, vii. , n. 97, p. 210.
chap, xii. , sect, v—ii. , n. 98, pp. 210, 211.
r Bollandist Life of Chapter iv. In the
our saint, this name is incorrectly set down as Cruimcher Luichteth. Of the many Cruimthers mentioned in the Irish Calen-
36 In the tract, published by General Val-
lancey, in " Collectanea de Rebus Hiber
nicis," on The Law of Tanistry, Molua dars, we do not find any such title in
Lobhar is called the first Bishop of Killaloe ;
but, it would have been more correct,
according to Rev. Dr. Lanigan, to give him only the title of Abbot.
37 See a notice of him, at that date, in the Fifth Volume of this work, Art. ii.
apposition with the name ; nor do we meet
with Luigdech, although there are several
Lnghaidhs.
38 However, Dr. Lanigan thus concludes : " The whole subject is so obscure, that I cannot form any decisive opinion on it. Supposing that these Moluas were different, yet they were contemporaries, and hence it may be easily accounted for why they have been sometimes confounded "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. ,
this ancient denomination among the local
designations on the Ordnance Survey Maps of Ireland.
3 This district has not been identified,
4 This place has not been identified.
s These are called "vexilla" in Latin,
and which probably may be translated into
"cockades. "
6 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernige
together. "—
ex
2
There seems to be no near approach to
of Rev. Dr. who Lanigan,
1 had been ordained him. by
" Codice Salmanticensi nunc primum integre
:
people,
"
lying
May there be everlasting joy for
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 4.
At another time, St. Molua visited St. Eimen,? Abbot of Ross Mictreoin,8 on
the River Barrow, and within the territory of Hy Kinsellagh. 9 He and St. Molua were natives of the same territory ; but, on the return of Molua to his
he found his sister Cron or Croin 10 dead, with other women
own
weeping around her bier. Molua said,
youinHeaven. " However,onprayingoverthedeceased,shearosetolife. No sooner had St. Molua saluted Croin, than she expressed a wish to die once more, and to remain at rest with the saints. Having participated in the Holy Sacrifice, with the blessing and prayer of Molua, she then slept in peace. " Another curious legend is related of the cook in Lugid's monastery wanting milk, as the calves had already drained the cows of their usual supply for the community wants. Lugid desired them to take the vessel in which water had been drawn and to fill it from a well. This water was converted into milk, sweet as honey and exhilarating as wine. On it the brothers supped that same evening. Lugid ordered what remained of the liquid to be poured into the well, near a place called Milsal. 12 Some of the cowshavingdrankfromit, theirmilkretainedasimilarflavourtothatalready described. For long afterwards, that fountain imparted a like taste to the milk used in the monastery. However, some laics, having been guilty of
shedding blood, drank from it ; when the spring went dry very suddenly, T
and never afterwards did its water flow. 3 While Lugid and two of his
disciples sat in a certain place reading, suddenly their master wept, and after a little while, his face beamed with joy. They asked why he felt so and
received for " On this reply :
f4 has been ordained for the
St.
primacy in Rome. He wept and refused this honour offered to him by the
people, until the Angel of the Lord had been sent to him, commanding that he should fill the See of Peter. Then Gregory rejoiced. When Gregory
so did
and when he
I likewise felt
overjoyed. "
1 *
day,
Gregory
wept,
the cows apart from their calves, while he read, the animals remained perfectly
separated. While he was in Leinster, a certain queen, believed to have been
possessed by evil spirits, was brought to him in chains. On praying for her recovery, the energumena was healed, and the demons fled from her.
As an instance of the respect in which Lugid was held by Berach, King of Leix, at one time, when the latter entertained the King of Leinster, the liquor served at that feast was aught but agreeable to the taste, and its effects were made manifest by a sickness of the stomach affecting all the guests. On going out of his house, Berach saw a poor man, bearing shoes on his shoulders, while his feet were bare. That person also asked for food. Having enquired why he did not wear the shoes, on such a cold day, Berach
rejoiced,
I,
When Lugid was in the city of Benchuir, 16 and had been in charge of keeping
edita opera Caroli de Smedt et Josephi de Backer, e Soc. Jesu. De Sancto Lugido, num. 44, col. 279.
7 Also called Emneban in the Salamancan Life of our saint. His feast occurs, on the 23rd of December.
a town in the
9 The most southern division in the Province of Leinster.
"There are four saints,
virgin designated
Croine, noted at different days in the Irish Calendars, but the present holy woman has not been identified with any of them.
11 See " Collectanea Fleming's Sacra,"
Vita S. Molua:, cap. xli. , p. 376
" It cannot now be identified, although probably it was in some place near Clonfert Molua.
,3 See the " Acta Sanctorum Ilibernise," edited by Fathers De Smedt and De Backer, num. 46, col. 280.
* 4 He was doubtless St. I. , Pope Gregory
and surnamed the Great, who presided over
the Church from A. D. 590 to the 12th
of March, A. D. 604. See an account of him
in Rev. " Manual of Universal John Alzog's
"Now known as New
Ross, present County of Wexford.
Church History," vol. ii. , Second Period. Epoch i. , Part 2, chap, i. , sect. 153, pp. 28 to 30. Translated by Rev. F. J. Pabisch and Rev. Thomas S.
Byrne.
XJ See the " Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"
August 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 6 1
received for answer, that Lugid had bestowed both of his shoes on the
pauper, who, probably through reverence, would not wear them. One of these Berach took from him, and placing it in the liquor, its quality was restored, and the taste afterwards gratified all his company. A story is told, that Brandubh,1 ? King of Leinster, with four hundred of his men, came one Sunday to Lugid, and asked that food should be speedily provided for all of them. Lugid asked a day's delay, but the king required immediate com- pliance with his demand. Then, Lugid ordered food to be brought. But, when the king had tasted the first morsel, it stuck in his throat, and so continued unextracted the whole of that day, while he suffered great pain, and could neither eat nor drink, nor even sleep, for that whole night.
However, when the next day came, Lugid imparted his blessing, and the king recovered. Then bending his knees in reverence to the saint, Bran-
In his time lived Scanlan Mor, King of Ossory. It is said, that his wife, called Buoan, died in giving birth to a son, who also was still-born. x 9 Through the merits of our saint both were restored to life. Whereupon, the queen presented herself and her son to St. Molua's patronage, while the king himself gave a fertile tract of land, on which his son built a religious house named
a particular occasion, he was hospitably entertained by the son of Scanlan
21
Mor,whowasnamedFiachrach, whosedaughterhadbeenblindfromher
youth. According to the custom of that age, the feet of his guest were
washed after arrival. Some of that water having been applied to the girl's
eyes, she soon obtained the gift of vision. 22 Another time, Lugid came to
Crilline23 mac Ercee, King of Hy-Fithgente, and said to his servant, " Ask
thekingtomeetmeoutsideofhishouse. " But,intentonotheraffairs,the
servant forgot to deliver that message, and Lugid remained expecting
Crilline. In the meantime, a fire broke out in the castle, which obliged the
kingtohastenforthandmeethim. ThenfallingatthefeetofLugid,and
recognising his oversight or fault, the fire did little injury to the king's forti-
fication. A certain labourer, who lived with Lugid, and who cultivated
land at a place called Froscath, had been murdered by the people of
2
Eugenachte. * However, through the merits of St. Lugid he was afterwards
9 restored to life. At another time, our saint came to the city of St. Canice, 5
dubh presented many gifts to the community over whom he presided. 18
Ardgobren.
20 When Lugid passed through that territory, on
which was called Aghaboe.
26
Here, three boys of tender age, sons to
ex Codice Salmanticensi, edited by Fathers De Smedt and De Backer, num, 47 cols. 280, 281.
Fiachrach being a son to Scanlan Mor. But, in a Genealogical Table of the Kings of Ossory to the English Invasion, we have
16 Now
of Down.
him from A. D. See John Hcgan's " Kil- kenny : the ancient City of Ossory, the
seat of its Kings," &c. Part ii. , p. 172.
22 This is related, likewise, in the short
Acts of St. Molua.
=3 His name does not appear to have been
elsewhere preserved.
2* Perhaps the Eoghanachs, or people of
the race of Eoghan, son to Niall of the Nine
Hostages, and who were very powerful in Ulster. However, it seems most probable,
the people of Eoghanacht-Caisil are here
meant, as they lived in a district more nearly
adjoining Clonfert Molua.
25
Hisfeastisheldonthe1ithofOctober, *6 The Bollandist Life of our saint reads
in the
1 This celebrated king was killed, A. D.
601, according to Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals
of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 228, 229. '* He is placed the eighteenth in succession
from Aengus Osraighe, by John Hogan, and he is said to have reigned over Ossory from
his son Faelain 645 to a. d. 658.
Bangor,
County
succeeding
"
of Ossory : A Memoir of his life and Times,"
Part First, chap, vii. , p. 35.
19 This however seems to be only another
version of an account already given.
20
Such is the narrative, as found in the short Life of our saint published in the "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," ex Codice Salman- ticensi,&c. ActaSanctiMoluaeseuLugidi,
num. 27, cols. 886, 887.
a. d. 615 to 640. See
St. Ciaran, Patron
21
Elsewhere I find no record of this
Acheth boohel'e.
62 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 4.
one Darius,2? clasped him about the neck, and with childish affection striking him with the palms of their hands, they called him their father.
Those who were near wished to prevent this freedom. But, St. Molua said ;
" Allow them to manifest their affection towards me, for this they do without guile and through an inspiration of God ; since these children shall be holy monks after me, and in my monastery. " This prediction was afterwards
St. Goban came to St.
At supper, the guest was refreshed by his host
merits of Lugid, that he presented the place which belonged to him, as a dependency for the wonder-working host.
According to Sir James Ware, for twenty years before his death, Molua, Abbot of Clonfert Molua, was struck with leprosy, of which disease he died. However, in the Minister Histories referred to in General Val- lancey's work,3° it is related, that Molua-Lobhar, or the Leper, was brother to Aodh-Caomh, King of Cashel, or of all Minister, and son of Conate the
grandson of Carthann Fionn, who had been baptized by St. Patrick. Like- wise, Aodh-Caomh and Molua-Lobhar, were contemporaries with St. Brendan, of Clonfert. The same account is given of Molua-Lobhar, by
1
RoderickO'Flaherty^ whodistinguishedhimfromMoluaofClonfert-Muloa,
as appears from the manner in which he speaks of the latter. 3 2 If Molua of Clonfert Molua had been brother to the King of Cashel, such a circumstance could hardly have been omitted, by the author of his Life; and, instead of his parents being called generous or distinguished, some higher epithet should probably have been applied to them. 33
A herd of St. Lugid, and who is named Cronan, died in a place, called Achthib Critri, 34 when the economus of the holy abbot brought his habit, and spreading it over the dead man, he was immediately restored to life. A mute boy, the son of Maildubh, belonging to the tribe of Maile Andich, was brought to Lu^id, who had acquired great repute for possessing miraculous powers. Placing three of his fingers in that youth's mouth, the boy began immediately to speak. Once when the abbot came to a religious establishment, at a place called Cellancroo,35 he felt thirsty, and asked for something to drink. At that time, some cream was in a vessel, and it had been prepared to churn into butter. Through niggardliness, the draught of milk was withheld; but, afterwards, when poured into the churn, neither milk nor butter came from the vessel. Thenceforwards, poverty fell upon that house, and it was deserted, at a time when the longer Life of St. Lugid had been written. While St. Molua was travelling in the Nan-Desii country,
28 Another 2
time,
Lugid,
then at living
accomplished.
a place called Dolabglas. 9
with water taken from a spring and then blessed. The water afterwards assumed the taste of excellent wine. So impressed was Goban with the
the local chieftain's wife died in child-bed
;
and the fruit of her womb also
happened to be still-born. The chieftain and principal men of the country
besought our saint, to interpose his prayers with Heaven : and, on complying
with such request, the lady and her son were both restored to life. Full of gratitude for this favour, she offered herself and her child to God and to St. Molua ; while the chieftain, named Berchan, bestowed some land, on which
J7 The epithet "Niger" is added in the written, by the Rev. Dr. Paul O'Brien.
"
Bollandisl Life of our saint. 3 ' See "
Ogygia," pars, iii. , cap. lxxxviii. ,
Fleming's Collectanea Sacra," p. 3S9.
Vita S. Mohise, cap. xlv. , p. 377.
29 This ancient place does not appear to
have been identified.
30
3-' See ibid. , cap. lxxxi. , p. 381.
33 An essential difference is founded on Molua-Lobhar having been expressly re- presented as the son of Conall. while Molua of Clonfert Molua is called the son of Carthar
See "Collectanea de Rebus Ilibernicis,"
vol. i. , The Law of Tanistry illustrated. No.
iv. , part ii. , chap, i. , p. 499, This tract was or Coche,
August 4. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 63
our saint erected a monastery, Afterwards, this place was called Ard- gabhrain. 36 It seems to have been identical with the present Dungarvan, in the County of Waterford. At one time, the Angel of the Lord was sent to Molua, and he said : "If you desire it, this mountain adjoining shall be transformed into fertile land, and it shall be given to you. " But, the abbot, desiring only to live a life of privation and of self-denial for his monks, refused to accept such a favour. 37
The Abbot St. Dagan, 38 when going to Rome, brought with him that Rulecomposedbyoursaintforhismonks. This—beingpresentedandread
to St. Gregory—who as we are told was then Pope
on he said reading it,
in the presence of all: "The saint, who composed this Rule, hath drawn a
hedge around his family, which reaches to heaven. "3? However, in the
opinion of a learned Irish Church historian, 40 it is more than probable, that
no such transaction took place. As a mark of recognition, the Pope is said
to have desired his prayers and benediction to be given to our saint. He
felt duly grateful for this honour, conferred by the sovereign father of the
1
faithful. *
The Rule of St. Molua divided the monastic day into three parts: one
of these was devoted to prayer, another to reading or study, and the third to
of Sr. Molua's Rule for his monks is said to have been the perpetual exclusion of woman from his monastery
at Clonfert-Molua. 43
When St. Lugid came to Toim Domnich one day, he saw there a boy
near some calves, and he was engaged in the childish fancy of offering a sacrifice, but the oblation was of clay. This was blessed by our saint, and as stated, it turned into wheat, and from the hand of that boy he immediately received the sacrifice. Afterwards, that boy was known as Do Cumin/* son of Male Anfith. While he was in the cell of Echairith one day, Lugid observed a willow growing near, and not wishing a useles tree to grow before the door of Maidoc, he blessed it, and immediately it was changed into an apple-tree bearing fruit. Among his disciples were three sons of Carthach, and these were named respectively Luger, Lugid and John, who eacli led a life of chastity. However, a heavenly message reached our saint from the Lord requiring one of them to return and to become the father of children, who were to be heirs in their own part of the country. Through obedience to that divine mandate, John left the monastery, although otherwise un-
manual labour. *2 One of the
regulations
34 This place has not been identified.
35 At present this place is unknown.
36 See Fleming's "Collectanea Sacra,"
Vita S. Moluse, cap. xlvii. , p. 377.
37 An anecdote follows this account, that
the servant in his asked monastery Lugid
one day, why he had not eaten as the ninth hour had come. For want of some few words in the Latin text, the following
Roman detulit : qui ea coram omnibus summopere laudata, salutem authori per internuntium ilium retulit. "—Ussher's "Bri-
answer is not very intelligible: "Non *** 42
comedam donee —
illo cibo mel
Vita S. Moluae, cap. xlviii. , p. 377.
See the Bollandists' "Acta Sanctorum,"
fiat in desideiium magnum. "
torum Hibernise," ex Codice Salmanticensi, &c, edited by Fathers De Smedt and De Backer, S. J. , num. 61, 63, cols. 284, 285.
38 The feast of St. Dagan is held on the
13th of September.
39 At the year dxcix. , it is noted : "Da-
ganus abbas Regtilam monasticam "a Lugido sive Molua conditam ad Gregorium I.
S.
Luano Abbate Cluainfertensi in Hibernia,
Vita, &c, cap. vi. , num. lxiv. , p. 350.
43 See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical
History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect. vii. , p. 206.
44 In the Irish Calendars, a Dachuimmne is venerated on the 10th of September, Several Comans or Commans, and Cum-
"
Acta Sane-
i. ,
tomus Augusti
iv. De
sive
tannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates.
Index Chronologicus, p. 535.
,,
4° See the Rev. Dr. " Ecclesi- Lanigan's
astical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xii. , sect, vii. , n. 94, p. 209.
4I See Fleming's "Collectanea Sacra,"
Lugido
64 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 4.
willing to do so ; and, subsequently, he was the father of two sons there. Once more he returned to visit the holy abbot, who was then sojourning in the Island of Cree. As a reward for his obedience, the saint called him over to that place, where he lived, and which was altogether surrounded with water. John, doing as he had been required, reached the island without a boat, and yet with dry feet.
Finding the day of his departure about to approach, our saint called his
monks together, and in giving many other precepts for their guidance, he
:
said to them " Beloved brethren, till the land and labour well, that you
may have a sufficiency for food, for drink, and for clothing ; for where a competence shall be found among God's servants, there must be stability ; where stability is found, there shall be religion, and the end of true religion
is life everlasting. My dearly beloved children, let constancy be found among you, and proper silence ; take care of the pilgrims; and on account of prayer, love to labour with your own hands. Receive strangers always for Christ's sake ; spend the morning in prayer ; read afterwards, and then toil until evening ; while finding time also for God's work, and for other necessities. "^ Thus he exhorted his religious, according to the spirit of
his Rule, and with the tenderness of a father, bestowing his last best gifts on his beloved children. When St. Molua was advanced in years, one of his
teethhavingfallenout,hesaidtoabrotherinattendance "Myson,take
:
charge of this tooth, a day shall come, when it may be required, and do not buryitwithme. " Hehadaforeknowledgeofwhatshouldhappen. After the death of Molua, some monks visited Ireland, to collect the relics of its saints. When they arrived at Clonfert Molua, to seek for some souvenir of its chief patron, the people felt unwilling to open the reliquary of our saint. However, that brother, in possession of St. Molua's tooth, presented it to those monks, who came in search of some memorial relating to the holy abbot. 4 6 A short time before the death of our saint, he paid a visit to St. Dagan. From this holy man he learned, that St. Lactan should succeed himinthegovernmentofClonfertMoluamonastery. Theholyabbotfelt greatly pleased at such announcement/?
After these admonitions, our saint resolved on paying a visit to St.
8 who dwelt in the Island of or at Roscrea. The Bollandist Cre,
Cronan,*
Life of our saint states, that Cronan was then living in the cell, known as Sen-Ruis or Sean Ross, which is said to have been near the lake, now known in its dried-up state as Monahincha. On telling the holy man, that his end was near, St. Molua received Holy Communion, at his hands. *9 After prayer, and exchanging the kiss of peace, while tears fell down his cheeks, our saint resolved on returning towards Clonfert Molua, which he com- mended to the care of St. Cronan, that he might defend it against all aggressors. A bog now intervened on the way, and Molua turned a little out of his course towards a cell, which was called Tuaim Domhnaigh. s° Being wearied, he sat down, on the eastern side of that bog, extending from Roscrea to Clonfert Molua. s x There addressing a companion, named Stellan,
meins or Cuimmeins, and also Cuimmins are to be found ; but none having the dis- Unction of being the son of Male Ant'ith.
45 See Fleming's "Collectanea Sacra," Vita S. Moluse, cap. lii. , p. 378.
«6 See the short Life of St. Molua, edited by Fathers De Smedt and De Backer, num. 34, col. 888.
4:
of April, the day of his festival, in the Fourth Volume of this work, Art. i.
49 The Bollandist Life of our saint observes, that Lugid carried the Holy Communion with him.
so Otherwise called Doim Domnich, in the Bollandist Life of our saint.
S'The bogis still there,but the people say in former times, that alake covered its vast of September, where this incident is more extent, from Monahincha to an elevation fully related. known as Rock Forest, not far from Borris-
See the Life of St. Dagan, at the 13th «" The Acts of this saint occur, at the 28th
in-Ossory.
August 4 ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
65
:
who accompanied him, the Blessed Molua said " If one should see
"
Stellan "TothatofHeaven. " ThensaidMolua " beloved replied, : Dearly
son, give me therefore the Holy Sacrament, for I see the family of Heaven awaiting my departure, so that I may go with them. " The saint then received the sacrifice of the Lord's Supper, from the hand of his disciple Stellan. Afterwards, he departed from earth on the day of the Sabbath, according to that Life of our saint, as published by the Bollandists. How- ever, his decease has been very generally assigned to the 4th day of August,52 and which has been always regarded as his chief festival. The death of St. Molua is referred to a. d. 605, in the Annals of the Four Masters ; 53 and
Colgan follows their computation. 5* The Annals of Ulster place his de- parture, at a. d. 608; while Archbishop Usher has the same date. 55 The Chronicum Scotorum 56 and Sir James Ware assign his death to a. d. 609," which Walter Harris corrects to 608, by referring to Ussher's statement. 58
His body was conveyed to the cell of Tuaimdomnaigh, where it remained for some days. Some clue to its exact location is probably afforded from the concluding portion of this statement. In the meantime, as we are told, there was a contention between the people of Minister and Leinster for possession of his relics. The Munster people claimed them, on account of
his being born in their province, and because of his having departed this life within it, although on the most extreme part of its boundaries.