No More Learning

$ 9). He was,
heaven. (Tibull. i. 8. 26 ; Tertull. Apolog. 40 ; like his brother, skilled in the medical art (Hom.
Fest. p. 2, ed. Müller. )
[L. S. ] Il. xi. 832, &c. ). On his return from Troy he
PNYTA'GORAS (Tvutayópas). * 1. The was cast by a storm on the coast of Syros in Caria,
eldest son of Evagoras, king of Salamis in Cy- where he is said to have settled (Paus. Ü. 26. $7,
prus, who served under his father during the iii. 26. $ 7). He was worshipped as a hero on
war carried on by the latter against the king of mount Dria. (Strab. vi. p. 284. )
Persia (EVAGORAS), and contributed essentially Another mythical personage of this name occurs
to his successes. Isocrates speaks of him in terms in Virgil. (Aen. xii. 304. )
(L. S. )
of praise not inferior to those which he bestows PODARGE. (HARPYIAE. ]
upon the father. (Isocrat. Evag. p. 201 ; Diod. PODARCES (No8ápkns). 1. Is said to have
xv. 4. ) The circumstances of the conspiracy been the original name of Priam. (Apollod. ii. 6.
which led to the assassination of Evagoras are $ 4; comp. Priamus. )
not very clearly known to us : but it is certain 2. A son of Iphiclus and grandson of Phylacus,
that Pnytagoras also was involved in his fate, and was a younger brother of Protesilaus, and led the
perished together with his father by the machi- Thessalians of Phylace against Troy. (Hom. n.
nations of the eunuch Thrasydaeus. (Theopomp. ii. 695; Apollod. i. 9. $ 12; Hygin. Fab. 97 ; Strab.
ap. Phot. p. 120, a. b. ed. Bekk. , Fragm. lll, ed. ix. p. 432 ; Schol. ad Hom. Od. xi. 289. ) [L. S. ]
Didot. )
POEAS (Molas), a son of Phylacus or Thauma-
cus, and husband of Methone, by whom he became
* There is much confusion in regard to this the father of Philoctetes (Hom. Od. iii. 190 ;
Our MSS. of Diodorus and Isocrates give Eustath. ad Hom. p. 323). He is mentioned
in some cases Pythagoras, in others Protagoras. among the Argonauts (Apollod. i. 9. § 16 ; comp.
But Theopompus, Arrian, Athenaeus, and Q. Pind. Pyth. i. 53), and is said to have killed with
Curtius, concur in the true form Pnytagoras, an arrow, Talaus, in Crete (Apollod. i. 9. $ 26).
which has been judiciously restored by the later At the request of Heracles, Poeas kindled the pile
editors both of Diodorus and Isocrates. Borrell on which the hero burnt himself, and was rewarded
(Sur les Médailles des Rois de Chypre, p. 48) en- with the arrows of Heracles. (Apollod, ii. 7. $ 7;
deavours to defend the reading Pythagoras on the comp. HERACLES and PHILOCTETES. ) (L. S. ]
authority of coins, but their evidence is incon- POEMANDER (Toluavāpos), a son of Chaere-
clusive,
silaus and Stratonice, was the husband of Tanagra,
name.


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POLEMIUS.
433
POLEMON.
Ho
a danghter of Aeolus or Aesopus, by whom he be- Christian festivals, is generally believed to have
came the father of Ephippus and Leucippus. He been bishop of Martigny, in the Valais. A portion
was the reputed founder of the town of Tanagra in of this Luterculus was published by Bollandus, in
Boeotia which was hence called Poemandria. When the general preface to the Aeta Sunctorum, vol. i.
Poemander inadvertently had killed his own son, pp. 44, 45, and the whole will be found, but in a
he was purified by Elephenor. (Paus. ix. 20. $2; mutilated state, in the seventh volume of the same
Plut. Quaest. Gruec. 70 ; comp. Strab. ix. p. 404 ; work, p. 178. (Mansi, ad Fabric. Bibl. Med. et
Lycophr. 326. )
(L. S. ) Infim. Lat. vi. ; Schönemann, Bill. Patrum Lat.
POENA (Tlouvy), a personification of retaliation, vol. ii. & 50. )
[W. R. )
is sometimes mentioned as one being, and some- POLEMOCLES (Nonemokañs), a Rhodian, who
times in the plural. They belonged to the train of was despatched by his countrymen with three tri-
Dice, and are akin to the Erinnyes (Aeschyl remes, to Byzantium, at the same time that they
Choeph. 936, 947 ; Paus. i. 43. & 7. ) (L. S. ) sent thither Aridices, with proposals of peace,
POE'NIUS PO'STUMUS, praefectus of the which were accepted by the Byzantines, and a
camp of the second legion in Britain during the treaty concluded in consequence, B. c. 2:20.
war against Boadicea (Tac. Ann. xiv. 37. ) was next sent to Crete to assist the Cnossians,
POETE’LIA GENS, plebeian (Dionys. X. 58), who were in alliance with Rhodes against the
first occurs at the time of the decemvirate. The | Lyttians. (Polyb. iv. 52, 53. ) (E. H. B. )
name is frequently confounded with that of Pe- POLEMOCRATES (Tloa epokpárns), a son of
tillius or Petilius [PeriLLIA GENS. ) The only | Machaon, and, like his father, a skilful physician ;
family-name in this gens is that of Liso, wbich is he had a heroum at Eua in Argolis. (Paus. ii. 38.
usually found with the agnomen Visolus. Livy S 6. )
(L. S. )
(vii. 11), it is true, says that C. Poetelius Bulbüs PO'LEMON (Holéuwv), historical. i. Son of
was consul 8. c. 360 with M. Fabius Ambustus ; Andromenes the Stymphaean, a Macedonian officer,
but as the Capitoline Fasti make C. Poetelius in the service of Alexander the Great.
The great
Libo the colleague of Fabius, and Balbus does not intimacy which subsisted between him and Phi-
occur elsewhere as a cognomen of the Poetelii, the lotas caused him to be suspected, together with his
cognomen in Livy is probably either an error or brothers Amyntas, Attalus, and Simmias, of par-
a corruption. All the other Poetelii bear the sur- ticipating in the treasonable designs imputed to
name Libo with the exception of P. Poetelius, Philotas: a charge to which Polemon had the
who was sent as one of the three ambassadors to imprudence to give countenance by taking to flight
Syphax in B. C. 210. (Liv. xxvii. 4. )
immediately on learning the arrest of the son of
POGONATUS CONSTANTI'NUS. (Con. Parmenion. Amyntas, however, who remained,
STANTINUS IV. )
having successfully defended himself before the
POLA, SE'RVIUS, one of Cicero's enemies, assembly of the army, obtained the pardon or
and described by him as “homo teter et ferus" | acquittal of Polemon also. (Arr. Anab. iii. 27 ;
(Cic. ad Q. Fr. ii. 13, comp. ad Fam. viii. 12). Curt. vii. l. $ 10, 2. $ 1-10. )
He is the same as the person called simply Servius 2. Son of Megacles, a Macedonian of Pella,
in another passage (ad Q. Fr. ii. 6), and is sup- who was one of the officers appointed by Alex-
posed by Pighius to be the same as the Servius, ander to command the garrison at Memphis, B. Co
who was condemned in B. C. 51, when he was tri- 331. (Arr. Anab. iii. 5. § 4. )
bune of the plebs elect (ad Fam. viii. 4).
3. Son of Theramenes, a Macedonian officer,
POLEMĀRCHUS (Nonémapxos). 1. The pupil who was left by Alexander in the command of a
of the celebrated astronomer Eudoxus, whose in- fleet of thirty triremes which was destined to
structions he received in Cyzicus, his native place, guard the mouths of the Nile, and the sea-coast of
and the teacher of the more celebrated Calippus, Egypt, B. C. 331. (Arr. Anab. iii. 5. § 6; Curt.
who accompanied him to Athens (Simplicius, de iv. 8. $ 4. )
Caelo, ii. p. 120, a. ). He lived about the middle 4. A Macedonian officer of rank, who, in the
of the fourth century B. Co
disputes that followed the death of Alexander,
2. Of Tarentum, and a follower of Pythagoras distinguished himself as a warm partizan of Per-
(lamblich. Vit. Pyth. ). Fabricius conjectures (Bibl. diccas. In order to conciliate the favour of the
Graec. vol. i. p. 864) that he is the same with regent, he endeavoured, though ineffectually, to
Polyarchus, surnamed rounadňs, who is men- prevent Arrhidaeus from transporting the body of
tioned by Athenaeus (xii. p. 545), as having been the deceased monarch to Egypt (Arrian, ap. Phot.
sent by Dionysius the younger, on an embassy to p. 70, b. ) He afterwards served under Alcetas,
Tarentum, where, being intimate with Archytas, the brother of Perdiccas, and was taken prisoner
he dilated to that philosopher on the excellency of by Antigonus in Pisidia, together with Attalus
pleasure ; his discourse being given by Athenaeus, and Docimus, B. C. 320. From this time he shared
on the authority of Aristoxenus. But this seems the fortunes of Attalus ; the history of their capti-
an unhappy conjecture. The doctrines ascribed vity, escape, and final defeat has been already
10 Polyarchus are certainly not those of the school given. [ATTALUS, No. 2. ) (Diod. xviii. 45, xix.
of Pythagoras ; nor is it even hinted that he was a 16. ) It is highly probable, as suggested by Droy-
native of Tarentum.
sen, that this Polemon is the same with the son of
3. A writer of this name is quoted by Athenaeus Andromenes (No. 1), and that he was consequently
(iv. p. 111, c. ), whom, from his being named along a brother of Attalus, with whom we find him so
with Artemidorus and Heracleon, we should judge closely connected.
to be a grammarian.
[W. M. G. ) 5. A dynast of Olba in Cilicia, whose name ap-
POLE'MIUS, or SAʼLVIUS, OF SY'LVIUS, pears on the coins of that city, with the titles of
the author of a sacred calendar, drawn up A. D. | Apxiepeús and Auváotns. As it is associated with
448, which is entitled Laterculus 8. Index Dieruin that of M. Antony, there is little doubt that he is
Festorum, and which includes Heathen as well as the same person who is mentioned by Appian (B. C.
VOL. IIL


## p. 434 (#450) ############################################

434
POLEMON.
POLEMON.
:
v. 75) as being appointed by Antony to the sove appears to have had no children. (Dion Cass. liv.
reignty of a part of Cilicia, and who subsequently 24); and secondly to PYTHODORIS, who succeeded
became king of Pontus (POLEMON I. ] The him on the throne. By her he left two sons, Po-
grounds on which this identity is denied by Eckhel | lemon 11. , and Zenou king of Armenia, and one
(vol. iii. p. 63) are not satisfactory. (Visconti, Icono- daughter who was married to Cotys king of
graphic Grecque, vol. iii. p. 5, &c. ) [E. H. B. ] Thrace. (Strab. xii. p. 556 ; Tac. Ann. ii. 56. )
POʻLEMON (Tonéuwv), the name of two 2. POLEMON II. , was a son of the preceding
kings of Pontus and the Bosporus.
and of Pythodoris. During the lifetime of his
1. POLEMON I. , was the son of Zenon, the mother he was content to remain in a private
ortor of Laodiceia, and it was as a reward for the station, while he assisted her in the administration
services rendered by his father as well as himself of her dominions : but in A. D. 39, he was raised
that he was appointed by Antony in B. c. 39 to by Caligula to the sovereignty not only of Pontus,
the government of a part of Cilicia. (Appian, B. C. which had been held by Pythodoris, but of the
v. 75 ; Strab. xii. p. 578. ) At a subsequent | Bosporus also. This last was, however, after-
period he obtained from the triumvir in exchange wards taken from him by Claudius, who assigned
for this principality the more important govern- it to Mithridates, while he gave Polemon a portion
ment of Pontus with the title of king. The pre- of Cilicia in its stead, A. D. 41. (Dion Cass. lix. 12,
cise date of this change is unknown, but Polemon lx. 8. ) He appears to have been a man of a weak
is already called by Dion Cassius king of Pontus character, and in A. D. 48 allowed himself to be
in B. c. 36, in which year he co-operated with persuaded by Berenice, the widow of Herod, king
Antony in his campaign against the Parthians. of Chalcis, to adopt the Jewish religion in order
On this occasion he shared in the defeat of Appius that he might marry that princess, who possessed
Statianus, and was taken prisoner by the Parthian vast wealth. But Berenice had sought this mar-
king, but allowed to ransom bimself, and restored riage only as a cloak for her illicit amours [Be-
to liberty. (Dion Cass. xlix. 25; Plut. Ant. 38. ) RENICE, No. 2. ): it was in consequence soon
In B. c. 35 he was employed by Antony to nego- dissolved, and Polemon ceased to profess Judaism
tiate with the Median king Artavasdes, whom (Joseph. Ant
. xx. 7. & 3). At a subsequent period
he succeeded in detaching from the alliance of he was induced by Nero to abdicate the throne,
Parthia, and gaining over to that of Rome : a and Pontus was reduced to the condition of a
service for which he was subsequently rewarded | Roman province. This appears to have taken
by the triumvir by the addition to his dominions place about the year A. d. 62 (Suet. Nero, 18;
of the Lesser Armenia. (Dion Cass. xlix. 33, 44. ) | Eutrop. vii.