Generated for (University of
Chicago)
on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl.
Demosthenes - Leland - Orations
The orations of Demosthenes, tr.
by Thomas Leland .
.
.
Demosthenes.
New York, Harper & bros. [1851? ]
http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412
Public Domain, Google-digitized
http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
We have determined this work to be in the public domain, meaning that it is not subject to copyright. Users are free to copy, use, and redistribute the work in part or in whole. It is possible that current copyright holders, heirs or the estate of the authors of individual portions of the work, such as illustrations or photographs, assert copyrights over these portions. Depending on the nature of subsequent use that is made, additional rights may need to be obtained independently of anything we can address. The digital images and OCR of this work were produced by Google, Inc. (indicated by a watermark on each page in the PageTurner). Google requests that the images and OCR not be re-hosted, redistributed or used commercially. The images are provided for educational, scholarly, non-commercial purposes.
? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? I
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? rQmin/KIbrirwS. -
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? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
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? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? THE ORATIONS Z^'
DEMOSTHENES.
TRANSLATED BY
THOMAS LELAND, D. D.
PAH FRANCISCO
JSCKGESS. GILBERT a STILl
NEW YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,
6 8 CLlff STRUT.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? THE NEW YORK
PDBLIC LI>>? ASY
A1TOR. LSNOX ANf
TILD>>M F8U N ? AtiONS
R tlBtS L
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CONTENTS
or
THE FIRST VOLUME.
Biographical Sketch or Demosthenes . . . . 7
ORATIONS AGAINST PHILIP.
Preface IS
First Philippic 35
First Olynthiac 59
Second Olynthiac 71
Third Olynthiac * 86
On the Peace 97
Second Phihppic 108
On the State of the Chersonesus 120
Third Philippic 148
Fourth Philippic 164
Philip's Letter to the Athenians 187
On the Letter of Philip 199
Conclusion 206
ORATIONS ON OCCA8IONS OF PUBLIC DELIBERATION.
Preface 211
On the Classes ; . . 231
On the Megalopolitans 249
tor the Liberty of the Rhodians >> 265
FRANCISCO
Bi;ilGESS. G4LUERT * STILL
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? " In the Translation of Demosthenes Lelarx! unites the
man of taste with the man of learning, and shows himself
to have possessed, not only a competent knowledge of ths
Greek language, but that clearness in his own conceptions,
and that animation in his feelings, which enabled him to
catch the real meaning, and to preserve the genuine spirit,
of the most perfect orator Athens ever produced. "--Pabb.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
DEMOSTHENES.
1 is period in which Demosthenes flourished
may oe justly styled the age of Athenian eloquence.
This distinguished orator was born 382 years
before the Christian era: he was the son of one
of the principal citizens of Athens, and inherited
a considerable fortune; but as he was only seven
years of age at the time of his father's death, he
remained nearly ten years under the care of guar-
dians, who converted a part of his fortune to their
own use, defrauded his tutors of their salaries, and
thus deprived him of those advantages of early
education to which he was entitled.
At the age of sixteen he first heard the orator
Callistratus plead in an important cause, and, ex-
cited by a spirit of emulation, from that time de-
voted himself with the strictest assiduity to the
study of eloquence. Isa;us was his first preceptor;
but it is stated that he received assistance from
Plato, and Callias the Syracusan, and that he also
derived great advantages from the systems of rheto-
ric taught by Isocrates and Alcidamus.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 8
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
In his eighteenth year he called his guardians
to account; and as they resorted to various me-
thods of delay, he had thus many opportunities for
exercising his talents at the bar, and at length suc-
ceeded in recovering a portion of his patrimony.
From this period he took part in the public de-
bates, in the hope of obtaining a share in' the ad-
ministration ; but in this he was at first wholly un-
successful. The natural weakness of his voice
rendered him unfit to address a popular assembly ;
and he now began to prepare himself, by strong
bodily exercise, for the labours of the rostrum, and
studied to acquire that grace and dignity of action
without which the best oration could produce but
little effect. For this purpose he constructed a
subterraneous study, where he might form his ac-
tion, exercise his voice, and adjust all his motions
before a mirror. In this retirement he is said to
have composed many of those orations which have
excited the admiration of every succeeding age.
Demetrius relates an account which he received
from Demosthenes himself, of the remedies to
which the orator resorted with a view to remove
the defects under which he laboured at the com-
mencement of his career. By accustoming him-
self to speak with small pebbles in his mouth, hr-
overcame a natural hesitation; by running or walk-
mg up a steep hill while pronouncing some passage
in an oration, he succeeded in strengthening his
voice; and by frequently declaiming alone on the
seashore, he prepared himself to harangue a tu-
multuous assembly.
At other times, when he occasionally made or
received visits, some part of the conversation which
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust.
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? rQmin/KIbrirwS. -
DEIC6 S TIES IE S
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? TPE 0 R A T10\3
TPiV". . r,,
\' T o ' " M e a.
V I". L. !
N" C y V ? ) :! "
* n . uiilSHEBS,
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? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? THE ORATIONS Z^'
DEMOSTHENES.
TRANSLATED BY
THOMAS LELAND, D. D.
PAH FRANCISCO
JSCKGESS. GILBERT a STILl
NEW YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,
6 8 CLlff STRUT.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? THE NEW YORK
PDBLIC LI>>? ASY
A1TOR. LSNOX ANf
TILD>>M F8U N ? AtiONS
R tlBtS L
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CONTENTS
or
THE FIRST VOLUME.
Biographical Sketch or Demosthenes . . . . 7
ORATIONS AGAINST PHILIP.
Preface IS
First Philippic 35
First Olynthiac 59
Second Olynthiac 71
Third Olynthiac * 86
On the Peace 97
Second Phihppic 108
On the State of the Chersonesus 120
Third Philippic 148
Fourth Philippic 164
Philip's Letter to the Athenians 187
On the Letter of Philip 199
Conclusion 206
ORATIONS ON OCCA8IONS OF PUBLIC DELIBERATION.
Preface 211
On the Classes ; . . 231
On the Megalopolitans 249
tor the Liberty of the Rhodians >> 265
FRANCISCO
Bi;ilGESS. G4LUERT * STILL
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? " In the Translation of Demosthenes Lelarx! unites the
man of taste with the man of learning, and shows himself
to have possessed, not only a competent knowledge of ths
Greek language, but that clearness in his own conceptions,
and that animation in his feelings, which enabled him to
catch the real meaning, and to preserve the genuine spirit,
of the most perfect orator Athens ever produced. "--Pabb.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
DEMOSTHENES.
1 is period in which Demosthenes flourished
may oe justly styled the age of Athenian eloquence.
This distinguished orator was born 382 years
before the Christian era: he was the son of one
of the principal citizens of Athens, and inherited
a considerable fortune; but as he was only seven
years of age at the time of his father's death, he
remained nearly ten years under the care of guar-
dians, who converted a part of his fortune to their
own use, defrauded his tutors of their salaries, and
thus deprived him of those advantages of early
education to which he was entitled.
At the age of sixteen he first heard the orator
Callistratus plead in an important cause, and, ex-
cited by a spirit of emulation, from that time de-
voted himself with the strictest assiduity to the
study of eloquence. Isa;us was his first preceptor;
but it is stated that he received assistance from
Plato, and Callias the Syracusan, and that he also
derived great advantages from the systems of rheto-
ric taught by Isocrates and Alcidamus.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 8
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
In his eighteenth year he called his guardians
to account; and as they resorted to various me-
thods of delay, he had thus many opportunities for
exercising his talents at the bar, and at length suc-
ceeded in recovering a portion of his patrimony.
From this period he took part in the public de-
bates, in the hope of obtaining a share in' the ad-
ministration ; but in this he was at first wholly un-
successful. The natural weakness of his voice
rendered him unfit to address a popular assembly ;
and he now began to prepare himself, by strong
bodily exercise, for the labours of the rostrum, and
studied to acquire that grace and dignity of action
without which the best oration could produce but
little effect. For this purpose he constructed a
subterraneous study, where he might form his ac-
tion, exercise his voice, and adjust all his motions
before a mirror. In this retirement he is said to
have composed many of those orations which have
excited the admiration of every succeeding age.
Demetrius relates an account which he received
from Demosthenes himself, of the remedies to
which the orator resorted with a view to remove
the defects under which he laboured at the com-
mencement of his career. By accustoming him-
self to speak with small pebbles in his mouth, hr-
overcame a natural hesitation; by running or walk-
mg up a steep hill while pronouncing some passage
in an oration, he succeeded in strengthening his
voice; and by frequently declaiming alone on the
seashore, he prepared himself to harangue a tu-
multuous assembly.
At other times, when he occasionally made or
received visits, some part of the conversation which
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? OF DEMOSTHENES.
B
had passed formed a subject for exercising his
growing talent. He also committed to memory
the substance of speeches which he heard, and
reduced them to regular periods and sentences,--
a practice in which he was imitated by Cicero.
Demosthenes was in his twenty-eighth year
when he entered on public business; and in the
time of the Phocian war,:at the:age of thirty, he
commenced his orations against Philip, king of
Macedon. The purposes for which these orations
were originally pronounced--a summary review
of the affairs of Greece, particularly of the divisions
which so long subsisted between the states of
Lacedaemon, Athens, and Thebes--and an account
of the measures pursued by Philip to lay the found-
ation of a most extensive empire,--will be found
in the following Preface ;* and the Introductions
to the several Orations furnish the reader with an
interesting view of the effects which they produced
on the Athenians.
To defend the cause of Greece against the art-
ful policy of Philip afforded the Orator a glorious
subject for his political ambition; and he soon ac-
quired gTeat reputation for his eloquence and the
bold truths which he uttered. He was admired in
Greece, and courted by the King of Persia: Philip
himself entertained a high opinion of him, and
even his enemies acknowledged his superior talents
and integrity. The key of politics he first touched
ue kept to without variation.
Pansetius asserts that most of the Orations of
? This is concluded by a brief sketch of the characters of Demades,
Hyperides, Lycurgus, and jEschines, with Home remarks on the pecu-
liar excellences of Demosthenes as an orator.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 10
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Demosthenes are written on a virtuous principle
and Plutarch observes, " that he does not exhoi*
his countrymen to that which is most agreeable, or
easy, or advantageous, but points out honour and
propriety as the first objects, and leaves the safety
of the state as a matter of inferior consideration. "
The reputation he acquired placed him at the head
of the government of Athens: in this public ca-
pacity he opposed the inclinations, and corrected the
errors, of his countrymen. His eloquence is not
distinguished by the arts of mild persuasion, but
by a bold, manly, and energetic style, which failed
not to fix the attention and to rouse the energies
of his hearers, and to awaken that spirit of patriot-
ism which is calculated to secure the liberties of
a people.
In integrity of conduct he is acknowledged to
have surpassed all his contemporaries except Pho-
cion; and if he had not been suspected of want
of courage in the field of battle, and of receiving a
bribe from Harpalus, he would have deservedly
ranked with Cimon, Thucydides, and Pericles.
In the battle of Chaeronea, according to the tes-
timony of Plutarch, he betrayed his pusillanimity,
quitted his post, and fled. But the charge of
bribery preferred against him at a later period of
his life strongly excited the Athenians against him,
as will be seen in the Translator's Introduction to
the Oration of Dinarchus. Demosthenes had
long resisted the assaults of corruption from Philip,
and boasted that all the gold of Macedonia could
not tempt him; but his enemies accused him of
having received a present of a golden vase, ac-
companied by twenty talents, from the hands of
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? OF DEMOSTHENES.
11
Harpalus,* which is said to have induced the Orator
to feign indisposition in the assembly, and to make
signs that he had lost his voice ; on which it was
observed, that " it was no common hoarseness he
had got in the night--it was occasioned by swal-
lowing gold and silver! " His accuser was a venal
orator; but the court of Areopagus condemned
him, and he was compelled to retire from Athens.
Pausanias, who entertained a high opinion of
the integrity of Demosthenes, treats the charge as
a calumny, and offers strong proofs of his inno-
cence--proofs which appear to have had due
weight with the learned Translator in his Appendix
to the Notes on the Philippic Orations, to
which the reader is referred for a history of the
Orator, from his public administration down to the
fatal period of his life.
* During the expedition of Alexander to India, lTarpalus had the
charge of the Babylonian treasury, on which he committed great ex-
cesses: fearing the resentment of his master, he fled to Attica with firs
thousand talents, accompanied by six thousand men, and sought refuge
In Athens.
Vol. I. --B
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? /
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? TR1
ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES,
PRONOUNCED
. gO EXCITE THE ATHENIANS AGAINST
PHILIP, KING OF MACEDON.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle.
Demosthenes.
New York, Harper & bros. [1851? ]
http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412
Public Domain, Google-digitized
http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
We have determined this work to be in the public domain, meaning that it is not subject to copyright. Users are free to copy, use, and redistribute the work in part or in whole. It is possible that current copyright holders, heirs or the estate of the authors of individual portions of the work, such as illustrations or photographs, assert copyrights over these portions. Depending on the nature of subsequent use that is made, additional rights may need to be obtained independently of anything we can address. The digital images and OCR of this work were produced by Google, Inc. (indicated by a watermark on each page in the PageTurner). Google requests that the images and OCR not be re-hosted, redistributed or used commercially. The images are provided for educational, scholarly, non-commercial purposes.
? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? I
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? rQmin/KIbrirwS. -
DEIC6 S TIES IE S
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? TPE 0 R A T10\3
TPiV". . r,,
\' T o ' " M e a.
V I". L. !
N" C y V ? ) :! "
* n . uiilSHEBS,
K . . 9TKIIT.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? THE ORATIONS Z^'
DEMOSTHENES.
TRANSLATED BY
THOMAS LELAND, D. D.
PAH FRANCISCO
JSCKGESS. GILBERT a STILl
NEW YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,
6 8 CLlff STRUT.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? THE NEW YORK
PDBLIC LI>>? ASY
A1TOR. LSNOX ANf
TILD>>M F8U N ? AtiONS
R tlBtS L
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CONTENTS
or
THE FIRST VOLUME.
Biographical Sketch or Demosthenes . . . . 7
ORATIONS AGAINST PHILIP.
Preface IS
First Philippic 35
First Olynthiac 59
Second Olynthiac 71
Third Olynthiac * 86
On the Peace 97
Second Phihppic 108
On the State of the Chersonesus 120
Third Philippic 148
Fourth Philippic 164
Philip's Letter to the Athenians 187
On the Letter of Philip 199
Conclusion 206
ORATIONS ON OCCA8IONS OF PUBLIC DELIBERATION.
Preface 211
On the Classes ; . . 231
On the Megalopolitans 249
tor the Liberty of the Rhodians >> 265
FRANCISCO
Bi;ilGESS. G4LUERT * STILL
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? " In the Translation of Demosthenes Lelarx! unites the
man of taste with the man of learning, and shows himself
to have possessed, not only a competent knowledge of ths
Greek language, but that clearness in his own conceptions,
and that animation in his feelings, which enabled him to
catch the real meaning, and to preserve the genuine spirit,
of the most perfect orator Athens ever produced. "--Pabb.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
DEMOSTHENES.
1 is period in which Demosthenes flourished
may oe justly styled the age of Athenian eloquence.
This distinguished orator was born 382 years
before the Christian era: he was the son of one
of the principal citizens of Athens, and inherited
a considerable fortune; but as he was only seven
years of age at the time of his father's death, he
remained nearly ten years under the care of guar-
dians, who converted a part of his fortune to their
own use, defrauded his tutors of their salaries, and
thus deprived him of those advantages of early
education to which he was entitled.
At the age of sixteen he first heard the orator
Callistratus plead in an important cause, and, ex-
cited by a spirit of emulation, from that time de-
voted himself with the strictest assiduity to the
study of eloquence. Isa;us was his first preceptor;
but it is stated that he received assistance from
Plato, and Callias the Syracusan, and that he also
derived great advantages from the systems of rheto-
ric taught by Isocrates and Alcidamus.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 8
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
In his eighteenth year he called his guardians
to account; and as they resorted to various me-
thods of delay, he had thus many opportunities for
exercising his talents at the bar, and at length suc-
ceeded in recovering a portion of his patrimony.
From this period he took part in the public de-
bates, in the hope of obtaining a share in' the ad-
ministration ; but in this he was at first wholly un-
successful. The natural weakness of his voice
rendered him unfit to address a popular assembly ;
and he now began to prepare himself, by strong
bodily exercise, for the labours of the rostrum, and
studied to acquire that grace and dignity of action
without which the best oration could produce but
little effect. For this purpose he constructed a
subterraneous study, where he might form his ac-
tion, exercise his voice, and adjust all his motions
before a mirror. In this retirement he is said to
have composed many of those orations which have
excited the admiration of every succeeding age.
Demetrius relates an account which he received
from Demosthenes himself, of the remedies to
which the orator resorted with a view to remove
the defects under which he laboured at the com-
mencement of his career. By accustoming him-
self to speak with small pebbles in his mouth, hr-
overcame a natural hesitation; by running or walk-
mg up a steep hill while pronouncing some passage
in an oration, he succeeded in strengthening his
voice; and by frequently declaiming alone on the
seashore, he prepared himself to harangue a tu-
multuous assembly.
At other times, when he occasionally made or
received visits, some part of the conversation which
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust.
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? rQmin/KIbrirwS. -
DEIC6 S TIES IE S
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? TPE 0 R A T10\3
TPiV". . r,,
\' T o ' " M e a.
V I". L. !
N" C y V ? ) :! "
* n . uiilSHEBS,
K . . 9TKIIT.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? THE ORATIONS Z^'
DEMOSTHENES.
TRANSLATED BY
THOMAS LELAND, D. D.
PAH FRANCISCO
JSCKGESS. GILBERT a STILl
NEW YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,
6 8 CLlff STRUT.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? THE NEW YORK
PDBLIC LI>>? ASY
A1TOR. LSNOX ANf
TILD>>M F8U N ? AtiONS
R tlBtS L
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? CONTENTS
or
THE FIRST VOLUME.
Biographical Sketch or Demosthenes . . . . 7
ORATIONS AGAINST PHILIP.
Preface IS
First Philippic 35
First Olynthiac 59
Second Olynthiac 71
Third Olynthiac * 86
On the Peace 97
Second Phihppic 108
On the State of the Chersonesus 120
Third Philippic 148
Fourth Philippic 164
Philip's Letter to the Athenians 187
On the Letter of Philip 199
Conclusion 206
ORATIONS ON OCCA8IONS OF PUBLIC DELIBERATION.
Preface 211
On the Classes ; . . 231
On the Megalopolitans 249
tor the Liberty of the Rhodians >> 265
FRANCISCO
Bi;ilGESS. G4LUERT * STILL
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? " In the Translation of Demosthenes Lelarx! unites the
man of taste with the man of learning, and shows himself
to have possessed, not only a competent knowledge of ths
Greek language, but that clearness in his own conceptions,
and that animation in his feelings, which enabled him to
catch the real meaning, and to preserve the genuine spirit,
of the most perfect orator Athens ever produced. "--Pabb.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
DEMOSTHENES.
1 is period in which Demosthenes flourished
may oe justly styled the age of Athenian eloquence.
This distinguished orator was born 382 years
before the Christian era: he was the son of one
of the principal citizens of Athens, and inherited
a considerable fortune; but as he was only seven
years of age at the time of his father's death, he
remained nearly ten years under the care of guar-
dians, who converted a part of his fortune to their
own use, defrauded his tutors of their salaries, and
thus deprived him of those advantages of early
education to which he was entitled.
At the age of sixteen he first heard the orator
Callistratus plead in an important cause, and, ex-
cited by a spirit of emulation, from that time de-
voted himself with the strictest assiduity to the
study of eloquence. Isa;us was his first preceptor;
but it is stated that he received assistance from
Plato, and Callias the Syracusan, and that he also
derived great advantages from the systems of rheto-
ric taught by Isocrates and Alcidamus.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 8
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
In his eighteenth year he called his guardians
to account; and as they resorted to various me-
thods of delay, he had thus many opportunities for
exercising his talents at the bar, and at length suc-
ceeded in recovering a portion of his patrimony.
From this period he took part in the public de-
bates, in the hope of obtaining a share in' the ad-
ministration ; but in this he was at first wholly un-
successful. The natural weakness of his voice
rendered him unfit to address a popular assembly ;
and he now began to prepare himself, by strong
bodily exercise, for the labours of the rostrum, and
studied to acquire that grace and dignity of action
without which the best oration could produce but
little effect. For this purpose he constructed a
subterraneous study, where he might form his ac-
tion, exercise his voice, and adjust all his motions
before a mirror. In this retirement he is said to
have composed many of those orations which have
excited the admiration of every succeeding age.
Demetrius relates an account which he received
from Demosthenes himself, of the remedies to
which the orator resorted with a view to remove
the defects under which he laboured at the com-
mencement of his career. By accustoming him-
self to speak with small pebbles in his mouth, hr-
overcame a natural hesitation; by running or walk-
mg up a steep hill while pronouncing some passage
in an oration, he succeeded in strengthening his
voice; and by frequently declaiming alone on the
seashore, he prepared himself to harangue a tu-
multuous assembly.
At other times, when he occasionally made or
received visits, some part of the conversation which
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? OF DEMOSTHENES.
B
had passed formed a subject for exercising his
growing talent. He also committed to memory
the substance of speeches which he heard, and
reduced them to regular periods and sentences,--
a practice in which he was imitated by Cicero.
Demosthenes was in his twenty-eighth year
when he entered on public business; and in the
time of the Phocian war,:at the:age of thirty, he
commenced his orations against Philip, king of
Macedon. The purposes for which these orations
were originally pronounced--a summary review
of the affairs of Greece, particularly of the divisions
which so long subsisted between the states of
Lacedaemon, Athens, and Thebes--and an account
of the measures pursued by Philip to lay the found-
ation of a most extensive empire,--will be found
in the following Preface ;* and the Introductions
to the several Orations furnish the reader with an
interesting view of the effects which they produced
on the Athenians.
To defend the cause of Greece against the art-
ful policy of Philip afforded the Orator a glorious
subject for his political ambition; and he soon ac-
quired gTeat reputation for his eloquence and the
bold truths which he uttered. He was admired in
Greece, and courted by the King of Persia: Philip
himself entertained a high opinion of him, and
even his enemies acknowledged his superior talents
and integrity. The key of politics he first touched
ue kept to without variation.
Pansetius asserts that most of the Orations of
? This is concluded by a brief sketch of the characters of Demades,
Hyperides, Lycurgus, and jEschines, with Home remarks on the pecu-
liar excellences of Demosthenes as an orator.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 10
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Demosthenes are written on a virtuous principle
and Plutarch observes, " that he does not exhoi*
his countrymen to that which is most agreeable, or
easy, or advantageous, but points out honour and
propriety as the first objects, and leaves the safety
of the state as a matter of inferior consideration. "
The reputation he acquired placed him at the head
of the government of Athens: in this public ca-
pacity he opposed the inclinations, and corrected the
errors, of his countrymen. His eloquence is not
distinguished by the arts of mild persuasion, but
by a bold, manly, and energetic style, which failed
not to fix the attention and to rouse the energies
of his hearers, and to awaken that spirit of patriot-
ism which is calculated to secure the liberties of
a people.
In integrity of conduct he is acknowledged to
have surpassed all his contemporaries except Pho-
cion; and if he had not been suspected of want
of courage in the field of battle, and of receiving a
bribe from Harpalus, he would have deservedly
ranked with Cimon, Thucydides, and Pericles.
In the battle of Chaeronea, according to the tes-
timony of Plutarch, he betrayed his pusillanimity,
quitted his post, and fled. But the charge of
bribery preferred against him at a later period of
his life strongly excited the Athenians against him,
as will be seen in the Translator's Introduction to
the Oration of Dinarchus. Demosthenes had
long resisted the assaults of corruption from Philip,
and boasted that all the gold of Macedonia could
not tempt him; but his enemies accused him of
having received a present of a golden vase, ac-
companied by twenty talents, from the hands of
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? OF DEMOSTHENES.
11
Harpalus,* which is said to have induced the Orator
to feign indisposition in the assembly, and to make
signs that he had lost his voice ; on which it was
observed, that " it was no common hoarseness he
had got in the night--it was occasioned by swal-
lowing gold and silver! " His accuser was a venal
orator; but the court of Areopagus condemned
him, and he was compelled to retire from Athens.
Pausanias, who entertained a high opinion of
the integrity of Demosthenes, treats the charge as
a calumny, and offers strong proofs of his inno-
cence--proofs which appear to have had due
weight with the learned Translator in his Appendix
to the Notes on the Philippic Orations, to
which the reader is referred for a history of the
Orator, from his public administration down to the
fatal period of his life.
* During the expedition of Alexander to India, lTarpalus had the
charge of the Babylonian treasury, on which he committed great ex-
cesses: fearing the resentment of his master, he fled to Attica with firs
thousand talents, accompanied by six thousand men, and sought refuge
In Athens.
Vol. I. --B
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? /
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/nyp. 33433082193412 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? TR1
ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES,
PRONOUNCED
. gO EXCITE THE ATHENIANS AGAINST
PHILIP, KING OF MACEDON.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:09 GMT / http://hdl. handle.
