No More Learning

p. 251. ) have preserved many features which illustrate his
But when Harpalus came to Athens, Demades did profligate and dissolute mode of life. (Plut. Phoc.
not scruple to accept his bribes also. (Deinarch. c. 1, 20, 30, Prarc. Rei Publ. Ger. 25 ; Athen. ij. p.
Demosth. $ 89, c. Aristog. $ 15. ) When Alexander 44; Aelian, V. H. xiii. 12. ) He owed his in-
subsequently demanded the surrender of the Athe-fluence in the public affairs of Athens to his
nian orators who had instigated the people against natural skill and his brilliant oratorical powers,
him, Demades was bribed by the friends of Demos which were the pure gift of nature, and which he
thenes with five talents to use his influence to nerer cultivated according to the rules of art. He
save him and the other patriots. He accordingly always spoke extempore, and with such irresistible
framed a cunning decree, in which the people ex- force and abundance of wit, that he was a perfect
cused the orators, but promised to surrender them, match for Demosthenes himself, and Quintilian
if they should be found guilty. The decree was does not hesitate to place him by the side of
passed, and Demades with a few others was sent Pericles. (Cic. Orat. 26, Brut. 9 ; Plut. Demosth.
as ambassador to Alexander, and prevailed upon 8, 10, 11, Apophth. p. 181 ; Quintil. ii. 17. § 12,
the king to pardon the Athenians and their ora- xii. 10. § 49. ) Both Cicero and Quintilian ex-
tors. (Diod. xvii. 15; Plut. Demosth. 23. ) In pressly state, that Demades left no written orations
B. C. 331 Demades had the administration of a part behind him. But from a passage in Tzetzes (Chil.
of the public money at Athens, which Böckh vi. 36), it is clear that the rhetorician, from whom
(Publ. Écon. of Athen. p. 169, &c. , 2nd edit. ) has he copied, possessed orations which were attributed
shewn to have been the theoricon; and when the to Demades. There is extant a large fragment of
people demanded of him a sum of money to sup- an oration bearing the name of Demades (nepl own
Dekaerías), which must have been delivered in B. C.
* The name is a contraction of Anueádns. (Ety- 320, and in which he defends his conduct during
mol. M. p. 210 13, 205. 12, ed. Sylburg; Pris- the period of Alexander's reign. It was found by
cian, ii. 7. )
I. Bekker in no less than six MSS. , and is printed
He


## p. 958 (#978) ############################################

958
DEMARATUS.
DEMARATU'S.
in the collections of the Attic orators, but its by robbing him of his affianced bride, l'ercaillis,
genuineness is still doubtful. Suidas attributes to daughter of Cheilon. (llerodoi. vi. 61, 65. )
Demades also a history of Delos and of the birth The birth of Demaratus had been as follows :-
of Leto's children, but this work can scarcely have King Ariston had twice married without issue.
been the production of our Demades, and we know While his second wife was still alive, cither in
of no other person of this name to whom it can anxiety for an heir or out of mere passion, he
be ascribed. " (Ruhnken, Hist. Crit. Orat. Gr. p. sought and by a curious artifice obtained as his
71, &c. ; J. G. Hauptmann, Disputatio qua De- third the wife of his friend Agetus, a woman of
mad. et illi tributum. fragm. orat. consideratur, remarkable beauty. Ile enticed the husband into
Gera, 1768, 4to. , reprinted in Reiske’s Oratores, an agreement, that each should give the other
iv. p. 243, &c. ; H. Lhardy, Dissertatio de Demade whatever he asked; and when Agetus had chosen
Oratore Atheniensi, Berlin, 1834, 8vo. ; Wester- his gift, Ariston demanded in return that he should
mann, Gesch. d. griech. Beredtsamk. $ 54, notes 11 give him his wife. A son was born. Ariston
-16. )
(L. S. ] was sitting in judgment with the cpliors when the
DEMAE'NETUS (Anualvetos), a surname of tidings were brought, and counting the monthis on
Asclepius, derived from the name of a temple of his fingers, said in their presence, “ It cannot be
his on the Alpheius. (Paus. vi. 21. & 4. ) [L. S. ) mine. " His doubts, however, appeared no further :
DEMA'GORAS (Anuayópas ), of Samos, is he owned the child, and gave ii, in allusion to the
mentioned by Dionysius of Halicarnassus (A. R. public prayer that had been made by the Spartans
i. 7. 2), together with Agathyllus, as a writer who for an heir to his house, the name of Demaratus.
agreed with Cephalon respecting the date of the (Ibid. vi. 61-64. )
foundation of Rome. But whether Demagoras The father's expression was now brought up
was a poet like Agathyllus or not is uncertain. against the son. Leotychides declared liim on oath
lle is often mentioned by the grammarians. (Bek- to be wrongfully on the throne ; and, in the con-
ker, Ancod. p. 377; Bachmann, Anecd. i. p. 68 ; sequent prosecution, he brought forward the ephors,
Eustath. ad I. ix. 558; Eudoc. p. 35; Apostol. who had then been sitting with Ariston, to bear
Pror. ii. 51 ; Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 7. ) [L. S. ] evidence of his words. The case was referred to
DEMARATA, daughter of Hiero, king of Syra- the Delphian oracle, and was by it, through the
cuse, was married to Andranodorus, the guardian corrupt interference of Cleomenes, decided for the
of Hieronymus. After the assassination of the accuser, who was in consequence raised to the
latter, she persuaded her husband to seize on the throne. (Ibid. vi. 64-66. )
sovereign power; but his heart failed him, and Demaratus, some time after, was sittirg as
he surrendered the citadel to the opposite party. magistrate at the Gymnopaedian games. Leoty-
After the establishment of the republic, she was chides sent his attendant to ask the insulting
put to death, together with her niece Harmonia. question, how it felt to be magistrate after being
(Liv. xxiv. 22–25. )
[E. H. B. ] king. Demaratus, stung by the taunt, made a
DEMARA'TUS(Anuápatos), 15th Eurypontid, hasty and menacing reply; covered up his face,
reigned at Sparta from about B. C. 510 to 491. and withdrew home ; sacrificed there, and taking
Pausanias speaks of him as sharing with Cleomenes the sacred entrails, sought his mother and conjured
the honour of expelling Hippias (B. C. 510) (Paus. her to let him know the truth. She replied by an
iii. 7 $ 7), and Plutarch (de l'irtut. Mul. p. 245, d. ) | account which assuredly leaves the modern reader
unites their names in the war against Argos. as doubtful as before, but gave him perhaps the
Under Telesilla, he says "the Argive women beat conviction which she wished, that his father was
back Cleomenes (anexpoúc avto) and thrust out either Ariston or the hero Astrabacus ; and, in
Demaratus" (égéwoav), as if the latter had for a any case, he seems to have made up his mind to
time effected an entrance. “ He had gained,” | regain, by whatever means, his original rank. He
says Herodotus (vi. 70), “ very frequent distinc-went to Elis under pretext of a journey to Delphi,
tion for deeds and for counsels, and had in par- and here perhaps would have intrigued for sup-
ticular won for his country, alone of all her kings, port, had not the Spartans suspected and sent for
an Olympian victory in the four-horse chariot-race. ' him. He then retired to Zacynthus, and on being
His career, however, was cut short by dis- pursued thither, made his way into Asia to king
sensions with his colleague. In the invasion, by Dareius. (Ibid. vi. 67—70. )
which Cleomenes proposed to wreak his vengeance At the court of Persia he was favourably re-
on Athens, Demaratus, who was joint commander, ceived, and is said, by stating the Spartan usage, to
on the arrival of the army at Eleusis, followed the have forwarded the claim of Xerxes to the throne
example of the Corinthians, and refused to co- to the exclusion of his brothers born before their
operate any further. The other allies began now father's accession : and on the resolution being
to move away, and Cleomenes was forced to follow. taken of invading Greece, to have sent, with what
(Herodot. v: 75. ) Henceforward we may easily intent or feeling Herodotus would not venture to
imagine that his fury at bis indignities, and their determine, a message, curiously concealed (Cleo-
general incompatibility of temper, would render the MENES), to his countrymen at Sparta, conveying
feud between them violent and obstinate. In B. C. 491 the intelligence. (Ibid. vii. 3. 239. )
Cleomenes while in Aegina found himself thwarted Henceforward Demaratus performs in the story
there, and intrigued against at home, by his adver- of Herodotus with high dramatic effect the part of
sary, who encouraged the Aeginetans to insult him the unheeded counsellor, who, accompanying the
by refusing to acknowledge the unaccredited autho- invasion and listened to by Xerxes, saw the weak-
rity of a single king. Cleomenes returned, and set ness of those countless myriads, and ventured to
the whole of his vehement unscrupulous energy to combat the extravagant unthinking confidence of
work to rid himself of Demaratus, calling to his aid | their leader.
Thus at Doriscus, after the num-
Leotychides, next heir to the house of Procles, bering of the army; thus at Thermopylae, when
whom Demaratus had, moreover, made his enemy : he explained that it was for battle the Spartans


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DEMARATUS.
959
DEMETER.
a
were trimming their hair ; thus, after the pass was Spartan, from whom his father, Procles, was de-
won, when Xerxes owned his wisdom, and he is scended.
said to have given the farsighted counsel of oc- 2. A Corinthian author of uncertain date, who
cupying Cvihera. And thus finally he, says the is quoted by Plutarch. (1gcs. 15. ) Tle is per-
story, was with Dienens in the plain of "Thrina haps the same whose work called 'Tpoyooouueva,
when they heard the mystic Eleusinian cry, and on the subjects of Greek tragedy, is referred
baw the cloud of sacred dust pass, as escorting the to by Clement of Alexandria, Stobaeus, and
assistant deities, to the Grecian fleet. (Ibid. vii. the Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius. Plutarch
101-105, 209, 234, 235, viii. 65. )
also quotes works of Demaratus on rivers, on
Leaving the imagination of Herodotus and his Phrygia, and on Arcadia. (Plut. Parall. Min.
informants responsible for much of this, we may 16, de Flur. ix. $$ 3, 5; Clem. Alex. l'rotrept.
baiſely believe that Demaratus, like Hippias before, c. 3; Stob. Floril. xxxix, 32, 33; Schol. ad Apoll.
accompanied the expedition in the hope of ven- Rhol. i. 45, 1289; Fabric. Bill. Graec ii. pp. 289,
geance and restoration, and, probably enough, 294; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 425, ed. Wester-
with the mixed feelings ascribed to him. Pausa- mann. )
nias (iii. 7. $ 7) states, that his family continued 3. A Spartan, who is said to have retorted
long in Asia ; and Xenophon (Hell. ii. 1. S 6) upon the epigram on the subjugation of Greece
mentions Eurysthenes and Procles, his descen- usually ascribed to Hadrian (Anthol. ii. p. 285) by
dants, as lords of Pergamus, Teuthrania, and writing under it a line from a speech of Achilles
Halisarna, the district given to their ancestor by to Patroclus. (Il. xvi. 70. ) When inquiry was
the king as the reward of his service in the expe- made as to who had “capped” the imperial epigram,
dition. The Cyrean army found Procles at Teu- he replied by a parody on Arcliilochus (Fragm.
thrania. (Xen. Anal. vii. 8. 17. ) “ To this family ii. ):
also," says Müller (Dor. bk. i. 9. $ 8), belongs | Ειμι μεν ευθώρακος Ενυαλίου πολεμιστής, κ. τ. λ.
Procles, who married the daughter of Aristotle, when The story seems to rest on the authority of a note
the latter was at Atarneus, and had by her two sons, in the Vatican MS. This does not, however, give
Procles and Demaratus. (Sext. Empir. adr. Ma- the name of Demaratus, which occurs in the ver-
them. p. 518, ed. Col. ") (See below. ) Plutarch's sion of the anecdote in the Anthology of Planudes.
anecdote (Them. c. 29), that he once excited the (See Jacobs, ad Anthol. l. c. )
(E. E. ]
king's anger by asking leave to ride through Sardis DEMARCHUS (Anuapxos), son of Pidocus, a
with the royal tiara, and was restored to favour by Syracusan. He was one of the generals sent out
Themistocles, can only be said not to be in contra- to replace Hermocrates and his colleagues in the
diction to the chronology. (Clinton, F. II. ii. command of the Syracusan auxiliaries in Greece,
p. 208. )
(A. HI. C. ) when those generals were banished. (Thuc. vii.
DEMARA'TUS (Anuépatos), a merchant-noble 85; Xen. llell. i. 1. § 30. ) After his retum he
of Corinth, and one of the Bacchiadae. When the appears to have taken a leading part in public
power of his clan had been overthrown by Cypse affairs, and became one of the most powerful op-
jus. about B. c. 657, he fled from Corinth, and ponents of the rising power of Dionysius. He was
settled at Tarquinii in Etruria, where he bad in consequence put to death at the instigation of
mercantile connexions. According to Strabo, he the latter, at the same time with Daphnaeus,
brought with him a large body of retainers and shortly after Dionysius had been appointed general
much treasure, and thereby gained such influence, autocrator. (Diod. xiji. 96. ) (E. H. B. ]
that he was made ruler of Tarquinii. He is said DEMA'RETE (Anuapétn), daughter of Theron,
also to have been accompanied by the painter tyrant of Agrigentum, was wife of Gelo, tyrant
Cleophantus of Corinth, and by Eucheir and Eu- of Syracuse. She is said by Diodorus to have
grammus, masters of the plastic arts, and together exerted her influence with Gelo to grant the
with these refinements, to have even introduced Carthaginians peace on moderate terms after their
the knowledge of alphabetical writing into Etruria. great defeat at Himera, B. C. 480. In return for
He married an Etrurian wife, by whom he had this service they sent her a crown of gold of the
two sons, Aruns and Lucumo, afterwards L. Tar- value of a hundred talents, with the produce of
quinius Priscus. (Liv. i. 34; Dionys. iii. 46; which, or more probably in commemoration of the
Polyb. vi. 2; Strab. v. p. 219, viii. p. 378; Cic. event, she caused to be struck for the first time
Tusc. Quaest. v. 37; Tac. Ann. xi. 14 ; Plin. H. N. the large silver coins, weighing 10 Attic drachms
xxxv. 3, 12; Niebuhr, Rom. Hist. i. pp. 351, 366, or 50 Sicilian litrae, to which the name of Dama-
&c. ) For the Greek features pervading the story retion was given in her honour. (Diod. xi. 26 ;
of the Tarquins, see Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Schol. in Pind. Ol. ii. l; Hesych. s. v. Anuapétuov;
Rome, p. 80.
(E. E. ] Pollux, ix. 30; Annali dell'Ist. di Corrisp.
DEXARATUS (Aquapátos), a Corinthian, Archeol
. vol. ii. 'p. 81. ) After the death of Gelo
connected by hospitality with the family of Philip she married his brother and successor Polizelus,
of Macedon. It was through the mediation of (Schol. in Pind. 01. ii. 29. ) [E. H. B. ]
Demaratus that Alexander returned home from DEMEAS. (DANES. ]
Illyria, where he had taken up his abode in con- DEMEŇTER (Anurtmp), one of the great divini-
sequence of the quarrel between himself and his ties of the Greeks. The name Demeter is sup-
father at the marriage of the latter with Cleopatra, posed by some to be the same as yn uńsmp, that
B. C. 337. (Plut. Aicz. 9. )
[E. E. ] is, mother earth, while others consider Deo, which
DEMARATUS (Anuépatos). 1. A son of Py. I is synonymous with Demeter, as connected with
thias, who was Aristotle's daughter by his wife of oats and balvuui, and as derived from the Cretan
the same name. He and his brother, Procles, were word onal, barley, so that Demeter would be the
pupils of Theophrastus.