They were originally about the nature and character of the Muses, we
regarded as the nymphs of inspiring wells, near find that, in the llomeric poems, they are the god-
which they were worshipped, and bore different desses of song and poetry, and live in Olympus.
regarded as the nymphs of inspiring wells, near find that, in the llomeric poems, they are the god-
which they were worshipped, and bore different desses of song and poetry, and live in Olympus.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
D
Of. eli
Zeus an
& mere
whenct
268)
Euphe
the fou
that o
enemy to the gods of the dead, and ſell as a sncrifice ( peror was seriously ill, and had been made wo
for his nation. (Liv. ix. 40, 41, 44, 46, x. 7-9, by a hot regimen and treatment, B. c. 23, Antonius
14-17, 22, 24 26–29 ; Aurel. Vict. l. c. ; Zonar. Musa succeeded in restoring him to health by
viii. 1 ; Flor. i. 17 ; Val. Max. v. 6. § 6 ; Cic. in means of cold bathing and cooling drinks, for
Orelli, l. c. )
which service he received from Augustus and the
3. P. Decius Mus, son of the preceding, was senate a large sum of money and the permission to
consul in B. c. 279, and fought with his colleague wear a gold ring, and also had a statue crected in
P. Sulpicius against Pyrrhus at the battle of his honour near that of Aesculapius by public
Asculum. Before the battle alarm had been spread subscription. (Dion Cass. I. c. ; Schol. al llorat.
in the camp of Pyrrhus, by the report that the Epist. i. 15. 3; Sueton. Augus! . 59, 81; Plin.
consul Decius intended, like his father and grand-11. N. xix. 38, xxv. 38, xxix. 5. ) He seems to
father, to devote himself to death and the arıny of have been attached to this mode of treatment, to
the enemy to destruction. Pyrrhus in consequence which llorace alludes (1. c. ), but failed when he
sent word to the consuls that he had given orders applied it to the case of M. Marcellus, who died
that Decius should not be killed but üken alive, under his care a few months after the recovery of
and that he would put him to death as a malefactor. Augustus, 1. c. 23. (Dion Cass. l. c. ) He is by
A later legend, recorded by Cicero (Tusc. i. 37, ii. some scholars supposed to be the person to whom
19), related that Decius sacrificed himself at this one of Virgil's epigrams is inscribed (Catal. 13);
battle like his father and grandfather ; and it is but it is hardly likely, that, in a complimentary
not improbable, as Niebuhr has conjectured, that poem addressed to so eminent a physician, no
Cicero may have found this statement in Ennius. In mention whatever should be made of his medical
other passages, however, Cicero speaks only of two acquirements. He has also been supposed to be
Decii- Decii duo fories viri (Cic. de Off. ii. 4, Cut. the person described by Virgil in the Aeneid (xii.
20). As to the result of the battle of Asculuin, it 390, &c. ) under the name lapis. (See Atterbury's
is differently stated by different writers. Hierony- Reflerions on the Character of Jupis, &c. ) He
mus of Cardia related that Pyrrhus gained a victory, I wrote several pharmaceutical works (Galen, Do
Dionysius represented it as a drawn battle, and the Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. ii. 1, vol. xiii. p. 463),
Roman annalists claimed the victory for the Romans. which are frequently quoted by Galen (vol. xiii.
The last statement is certainly false, and it appears pp. 47, 206, 203, 326, &c. ), but of which nothing
that Pyrrhus was superior in the contest, though but a few fragments remain. There are, however,
the victory was not a very decisive one. (Zonar. two short Latin medical works ascribed to Antonius
viii. 5 ; Plut. Pyrrh. 21 ; Eutrop. ii. 13 ; Oros. iv. Musa, but these are universally considered to be
1; Flor. i. 18. & 9; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. spurious. One of these is entitled “ De Herba
iii. pp. 502--505. )
Betonica,” which is to be found in the collection of
At a later time Decius, according to the account medical writers published by Torinus, Basil. 1528,
in Aurelius Victor (de Vir. Ill. 36), was sent against fol. ; in Ackermann's “ Parabilium Medicamen-
Volsinii, where the manumitted slaves had acquired torum Scriptores Antiqui," Norimb. 1788, 8vo. ;
the supreme power, and were treating their former and elsewhere. The other little work is entitled
masters with severity. He killed a great number “ Instructio de Bona Valetudine Conservanda,"
of them, and reduced the others to slavery again. and is appended to the edition of Sextus Placitus
Other accounts, however, ascribe the expedition published in 1538, Norimb. , 4to. Neither of
against the slaves of Volsinii to Q. Fabius Maximus these works require any particular notice here.
Gurges, in his third consulship, B. C. 265 (Flor. i. The genuine fragments of his writings that remain
21 ; Zonar. viii. 7); but as Zonaras states that were collected and published by Flor. Caldani,
Fabius died of a wound during the siege of the Bassano, 1800, 850. Further information respect-
town, it has been conjectured by Freinsheim that ing his life and writings may be found in J. C. G.
Decius may have commanded the army after the Ackermann's work, “ De Antonio Musa et Libris
death of the consul, and may thus have obtained qui illi adscribuntur," Altorf. 1786, 4to. See
the credit of the victory.
also Fabricius, Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 65, ed. vet. ;
MUSA, a rhetorician, frequently referred to by Haller's Biblioth. Botan. vol. i. p. 63; id. Biblioth.
the elder Seneca, who calls him a man “ multi inge-Medic. Pract. vol. i. p. 150; Sprengel, Hist. de la
nii, nullius cordis. ” (Contror. Praef. v. ) Schott con- Méd. ; Choulant, Handb. der Bucherkunde für dic
jectures that this Musa may be the same person as
Aeltere Medicin.
(W. A. G. ]
Antonius Musa, the physician of Augustus men-
MUSA, Q. POMPOʻNIUS, only known to us
tioned below, but this is not very probable. from coins, a specimen of which is annexed. The
MUSA, AERII’LIA, a rich woman, who died head on the obverse is uncertain : the figure on the
intestate in the reign of Tiberius, A. D. 17. Her reverse is one of the Muses, having reference to
property was claimed for the fiscus or imperial the cognomen of this Pomponius.
treasury, but was surrendered by the emperor to
Aemilius Lepidus, to whose family she appeared
to belong. Her surname Musa shows that she was
a freed woman. (Tac. Ann. ii. 48. )
MUSA, ANTONIUS, a celebrated physician
at Rome about the beginning of the Christian era.
He was brother to Euphorbus, the physician to
king Juba, and was himself the physician to
ihe emperor Augustus. He was originally, according
to Dion Cassius (liii. 30, p. 517), a freedman, an
assertion which some persons, who are over-jealous MUSAE (Mougai). The Muses, according to
about the dignity of the medical profession among the earliest writers, were the inspiring goddesses
the Romans, have controverted. When the en- of song, and, according to later notirns, divinities
W
are in
on
(med
and
first
29.
CTOR
thei
est
Ne
21
P
u
a
MÝSA
OPOMPONI
COIN OF Q. POMPONIUS MUSA.
## p. 1125 (#1141) ##########################################
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and had been der
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and cooling crabs, be
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1970 ;
731, I a completa
lutt a pokud,
be made of A BACA
'so been sepped ox
lupis
. (See Alerisi
ter vs los de
a FITÁS (GAH
2. IL 1,50 EUR
ted by laer as
-), but at recent
un. There
are
vis ached to deal
Teaser needed to the
is enuind o le foto
faard in the cont
tr Torines, B22
Paradisum Veneer
Vorinsh 1736. St;
little wiki
Letocine Carxeta'
MUSAE.
MUSAL.
1123
presiding over the different kinds of poetry, and If we now inquire into the notions entertained
over the arts and sciences.
They were originally about the nature and character of the Muses, we
regarded as the nymphs of inspiring wells, near find that, in the llomeric poems, they are the god-
which they were worshipped, and bore different desses of song and poetry, and live in Olympus.
names in different places, until the Thraco-Boeotian (11. ii. 484. ) There they sing the festive songs at
worship of the nine Muses spread from Boeotia the repasts of the immortals (II. i. 604, Hymn.
over other parts of Greece, and ultimately became in Apoll. Pyth. 11), and at the funeral of Patroclus
generally established. (Respecting the Muses con- they sing lamentations. (Od. xxiv. 60 ; comp.
ceived as nymphs sec Schol. ad Theocr vii. 92 ; | Pind. Isthm. viii. 126. ) The power which we find
llesych. s. v. Núuon; Steph. Byz. s. v. Tópýnbos; most frequently assigned to them, is that of bring-
Serv. ud l'irg. Eclog. vii. 21. )
ing before the mind of the mortal poet the events
The genealogy of the Muses is not the same in which he has to relate ; and that of conferring
all writers. The most common notion was, that upon him the giſt of song, and of giving graceful-
they were the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, ness to what he utters. (II. ii. 484, 491, 761, Od.
and born in Pieria, at the foot of Mount Olympus i. l, viii. 63, &c. , 481, 488 ; Eustath. al llom. p.
(lies. Theog. 52, &c. , 915; Hom. Il. ii. 491, Od. 259. ). There seems to be no reason for doubting
i. 10 ; Apollod. 1. 3. $ 1); but some call them the that the earliest poets in their invocation of the
daughters of Uranus and Gaea (Schol. ad Pind. Muse or Muses were perfectly sincerc, and that
Nem. iii. 16; Paus. ix. 29. § 2 ; Diod. iv. 7 ; they actually believed in their being inspired by
Arnob. alv. Gent. iii. 37), and others daughters of the goddesses ; but in later times among the Greeks
Pierus and a Pimpleian nymph, whom Cicero (De and the Romans, as well as in our own days, the
Nut. Dror. iii. 21) calls Antiope (Tzetz. ad Hcs. invocation of the Muses is a mere formal imitation
Op. et D. p. 6; Paus. l. c. ), or of Apollo, or of of the early poets. Thamyris, who presumed to
Zeus and Plusia, or of Zeus and Moneta, probably excel the Muses, was deprived by them of the gift
a mere translation of Mnemosyne or Mneme, they had bestowed on him, and punished with
whence they are called Mnemonides (Ov. Met. v. blindness. (Hom. Il. ii. 594, &c. ; Apollod. i. 3.
208), or of Zeus and Minerva (Isid. Orig. iii. 14), $ 3. ) The Seirens, who likewise ventured upon a
or lastly of Aether and Gaea. (Hygin. Fub. Praef. ) contest with them, were deprived of the feathers
Eupheme is called the nurse of the Muses, and at of their wings, and the Muses themselves put
the foot of Mount Helicon her statue stood beside them on as an ornament (Eustath, ad Hom: p.
that of Linus. (Paus. ix. 29. $ 3. )
85); and the nine daughters of Pierus, who pre-
With regard to the number of the Muses, we sumed to rival the Muses, were metamorphosed
are informed that originally three were worshipped into birds. (Anton. Lib. 9; Ov. Met. v. 300, &c. )
on Mount Helicon in Boeotia, namely, Melete As poets and bards derived their power from them,
(meditation), Mneme (memory), and Aoede (song); they are frequently called either their disciples or
and their worship and names are said to have been (Hom. Od. viii. 481, Hymn. in Lun. 20 ;
first introduced by Ephialtes and Otus. (Paus. ix. Hes. Theog. 22 ; Pind. Nein. iii. 1; Serv, ud
29. § 1, &c. ) Three were also recognised at Si- Virg. Georg. ii. 476. ) Thus Linus is called a son
cyon, where one of them bore the name of Polyma- of Amphimarus and Urania (Paus. ix. 29. & 3), or
theia (Plut. Sympos. ix. 14), and at Delphi, where of Apollo and Calliope, or Terpsichore (Apollod. i.
their names were identical with those of the low- | 3. § 2); Hyacinthus a son of Pierus and Cleio
est, middle, and highest chord of the lyre, viz. (Apollod. i. 3. § 3) ; Orpheus a son of Calliope or
Nete, Mese, and Hypate (Plut. I. c. ), or Cephisso, Cleio, and Thamyris a son of Erato. These and a
Apollonis, and Borysthenis, which names charac- few others are the cases in which the Muses are
terise them as the daughters of Apollo. (Tzetz. described as mothers ; but the more general idea
1. c. ; Arnob. iii. 37 ; Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. vii. was, that, like other nymphs, they were virgin di-
21 ; Diod. iv. 7. ) As daughters of Zeus and vinities. Being goddesses of song, they are naturally
Plusia we find mention of four Muses, viz. Thelxi- connected with Apollo, the god of the lyre, who
noe (the heart delighting), Aoede (song), Arche like them instructs the bards, and is mentioned
(beginning), and Melete. (Cic. , Arnob. , Tzetz. along with them even by Homer. (Il. i. 603, Od.
U. cc. ; Serv. ud Aen. i. 12. ) Some accounts, viii. 488. ) In later times Apollo is placed in very
again, in which they are called daughters of Pierus, close connection with the Muses, for he is described
mention seven Muses, viz. Neilo, Tritone, A sopo, as the leader of the choir of the Muses by the sur-
Heptapora, Achelois, Tipoplo, and Rhodia (Tzetz. name Movoayétns. (Diod. i. 18. ) A further fea-
Amob. U. cc. ); and others, lastly, mention eight, ture in the character of the Muses is their prophie-
which is also said to have been the number recog- tic power, which belongs to them, partly because
nised at Athens. (Arnob. l. c. ; Serv. ad Aen. i. they were regarded as inspiring nymphs, and partly
12; Plat. De Re Publ. p. 116. ) At length, how because of their connection with the prophetic god
ever, the number nine appears to have become esta- of Delphi.
Of. eli
Zeus an
& mere
whenct
268)
Euphe
the fou
that o
enemy to the gods of the dead, and ſell as a sncrifice ( peror was seriously ill, and had been made wo
for his nation. (Liv. ix. 40, 41, 44, 46, x. 7-9, by a hot regimen and treatment, B. c. 23, Antonius
14-17, 22, 24 26–29 ; Aurel. Vict. l. c. ; Zonar. Musa succeeded in restoring him to health by
viii. 1 ; Flor. i. 17 ; Val. Max. v. 6. § 6 ; Cic. in means of cold bathing and cooling drinks, for
Orelli, l. c. )
which service he received from Augustus and the
3. P. Decius Mus, son of the preceding, was senate a large sum of money and the permission to
consul in B. c. 279, and fought with his colleague wear a gold ring, and also had a statue crected in
P. Sulpicius against Pyrrhus at the battle of his honour near that of Aesculapius by public
Asculum. Before the battle alarm had been spread subscription. (Dion Cass. I. c. ; Schol. al llorat.
in the camp of Pyrrhus, by the report that the Epist. i. 15. 3; Sueton. Augus! . 59, 81; Plin.
consul Decius intended, like his father and grand-11. N. xix. 38, xxv. 38, xxix. 5. ) He seems to
father, to devote himself to death and the arıny of have been attached to this mode of treatment, to
the enemy to destruction. Pyrrhus in consequence which llorace alludes (1. c. ), but failed when he
sent word to the consuls that he had given orders applied it to the case of M. Marcellus, who died
that Decius should not be killed but üken alive, under his care a few months after the recovery of
and that he would put him to death as a malefactor. Augustus, 1. c. 23. (Dion Cass. l. c. ) He is by
A later legend, recorded by Cicero (Tusc. i. 37, ii. some scholars supposed to be the person to whom
19), related that Decius sacrificed himself at this one of Virgil's epigrams is inscribed (Catal. 13);
battle like his father and grandfather ; and it is but it is hardly likely, that, in a complimentary
not improbable, as Niebuhr has conjectured, that poem addressed to so eminent a physician, no
Cicero may have found this statement in Ennius. In mention whatever should be made of his medical
other passages, however, Cicero speaks only of two acquirements. He has also been supposed to be
Decii- Decii duo fories viri (Cic. de Off. ii. 4, Cut. the person described by Virgil in the Aeneid (xii.
20). As to the result of the battle of Asculuin, it 390, &c. ) under the name lapis. (See Atterbury's
is differently stated by different writers. Hierony- Reflerions on the Character of Jupis, &c. ) He
mus of Cardia related that Pyrrhus gained a victory, I wrote several pharmaceutical works (Galen, Do
Dionysius represented it as a drawn battle, and the Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. ii. 1, vol. xiii. p. 463),
Roman annalists claimed the victory for the Romans. which are frequently quoted by Galen (vol. xiii.
The last statement is certainly false, and it appears pp. 47, 206, 203, 326, &c. ), but of which nothing
that Pyrrhus was superior in the contest, though but a few fragments remain. There are, however,
the victory was not a very decisive one. (Zonar. two short Latin medical works ascribed to Antonius
viii. 5 ; Plut. Pyrrh. 21 ; Eutrop. ii. 13 ; Oros. iv. Musa, but these are universally considered to be
1; Flor. i. 18. & 9; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. spurious. One of these is entitled “ De Herba
iii. pp. 502--505. )
Betonica,” which is to be found in the collection of
At a later time Decius, according to the account medical writers published by Torinus, Basil. 1528,
in Aurelius Victor (de Vir. Ill. 36), was sent against fol. ; in Ackermann's “ Parabilium Medicamen-
Volsinii, where the manumitted slaves had acquired torum Scriptores Antiqui," Norimb. 1788, 8vo. ;
the supreme power, and were treating their former and elsewhere. The other little work is entitled
masters with severity. He killed a great number “ Instructio de Bona Valetudine Conservanda,"
of them, and reduced the others to slavery again. and is appended to the edition of Sextus Placitus
Other accounts, however, ascribe the expedition published in 1538, Norimb. , 4to. Neither of
against the slaves of Volsinii to Q. Fabius Maximus these works require any particular notice here.
Gurges, in his third consulship, B. C. 265 (Flor. i. The genuine fragments of his writings that remain
21 ; Zonar. viii. 7); but as Zonaras states that were collected and published by Flor. Caldani,
Fabius died of a wound during the siege of the Bassano, 1800, 850. Further information respect-
town, it has been conjectured by Freinsheim that ing his life and writings may be found in J. C. G.
Decius may have commanded the army after the Ackermann's work, “ De Antonio Musa et Libris
death of the consul, and may thus have obtained qui illi adscribuntur," Altorf. 1786, 4to. See
the credit of the victory.
also Fabricius, Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 65, ed. vet. ;
MUSA, a rhetorician, frequently referred to by Haller's Biblioth. Botan. vol. i. p. 63; id. Biblioth.
the elder Seneca, who calls him a man “ multi inge-Medic. Pract. vol. i. p. 150; Sprengel, Hist. de la
nii, nullius cordis. ” (Contror. Praef. v. ) Schott con- Méd. ; Choulant, Handb. der Bucherkunde für dic
jectures that this Musa may be the same person as
Aeltere Medicin.
(W. A. G. ]
Antonius Musa, the physician of Augustus men-
MUSA, Q. POMPOʻNIUS, only known to us
tioned below, but this is not very probable. from coins, a specimen of which is annexed. The
MUSA, AERII’LIA, a rich woman, who died head on the obverse is uncertain : the figure on the
intestate in the reign of Tiberius, A. D. 17. Her reverse is one of the Muses, having reference to
property was claimed for the fiscus or imperial the cognomen of this Pomponius.
treasury, but was surrendered by the emperor to
Aemilius Lepidus, to whose family she appeared
to belong. Her surname Musa shows that she was
a freed woman. (Tac. Ann. ii. 48. )
MUSA, ANTONIUS, a celebrated physician
at Rome about the beginning of the Christian era.
He was brother to Euphorbus, the physician to
king Juba, and was himself the physician to
ihe emperor Augustus. He was originally, according
to Dion Cassius (liii. 30, p. 517), a freedman, an
assertion which some persons, who are over-jealous MUSAE (Mougai). The Muses, according to
about the dignity of the medical profession among the earliest writers, were the inspiring goddesses
the Romans, have controverted. When the en- of song, and, according to later notirns, divinities
W
are in
on
(med
and
first
29.
CTOR
thei
est
Ne
21
P
u
a
MÝSA
OPOMPONI
COIN OF Q. POMPONIUS MUSA.
## p. 1125 (#1141) ##########################################
SAE
and had been der
TL, RCA
and cooling crabs, be
fror daratas ad
mes and the percent
OC I state a
decaapiss means
16, Seeni si disting
Ancuc 39. 81; Pz
III. 5. ) He is
sude ta
WW2. THE
ako afar une conté
hi las. . . Eear
a be the person TRS
1970 ;
731, I a completa
lutt a pokud,
be made of A BACA
'so been sepped ox
lupis
. (See Alerisi
ter vs los de
a FITÁS (GAH
2. IL 1,50 EUR
ted by laer as
-), but at recent
un. There
are
vis ached to deal
Teaser needed to the
is enuind o le foto
faard in the cont
tr Torines, B22
Paradisum Veneer
Vorinsh 1736. St;
little wiki
Letocine Carxeta'
MUSAE.
MUSAL.
1123
presiding over the different kinds of poetry, and If we now inquire into the notions entertained
over the arts and sciences.
They were originally about the nature and character of the Muses, we
regarded as the nymphs of inspiring wells, near find that, in the llomeric poems, they are the god-
which they were worshipped, and bore different desses of song and poetry, and live in Olympus.
names in different places, until the Thraco-Boeotian (11. ii. 484. ) There they sing the festive songs at
worship of the nine Muses spread from Boeotia the repasts of the immortals (II. i. 604, Hymn.
over other parts of Greece, and ultimately became in Apoll. Pyth. 11), and at the funeral of Patroclus
generally established. (Respecting the Muses con- they sing lamentations. (Od. xxiv. 60 ; comp.
ceived as nymphs sec Schol. ad Theocr vii. 92 ; | Pind. Isthm. viii. 126. ) The power which we find
llesych. s. v. Núuon; Steph. Byz. s. v. Tópýnbos; most frequently assigned to them, is that of bring-
Serv. ud l'irg. Eclog. vii. 21. )
ing before the mind of the mortal poet the events
The genealogy of the Muses is not the same in which he has to relate ; and that of conferring
all writers. The most common notion was, that upon him the giſt of song, and of giving graceful-
they were the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, ness to what he utters. (II. ii. 484, 491, 761, Od.
and born in Pieria, at the foot of Mount Olympus i. l, viii. 63, &c. , 481, 488 ; Eustath. al llom. p.
(lies. Theog. 52, &c. , 915; Hom. Il. ii. 491, Od. 259. ). There seems to be no reason for doubting
i. 10 ; Apollod. 1. 3. $ 1); but some call them the that the earliest poets in their invocation of the
daughters of Uranus and Gaea (Schol. ad Pind. Muse or Muses were perfectly sincerc, and that
Nem. iii. 16; Paus. ix. 29. § 2 ; Diod. iv. 7 ; they actually believed in their being inspired by
Arnob. alv. Gent. iii. 37), and others daughters of the goddesses ; but in later times among the Greeks
Pierus and a Pimpleian nymph, whom Cicero (De and the Romans, as well as in our own days, the
Nut. Dror. iii. 21) calls Antiope (Tzetz. ad Hcs. invocation of the Muses is a mere formal imitation
Op. et D. p. 6; Paus. l. c. ), or of Apollo, or of of the early poets. Thamyris, who presumed to
Zeus and Plusia, or of Zeus and Moneta, probably excel the Muses, was deprived by them of the gift
a mere translation of Mnemosyne or Mneme, they had bestowed on him, and punished with
whence they are called Mnemonides (Ov. Met. v. blindness. (Hom. Il. ii. 594, &c. ; Apollod. i. 3.
208), or of Zeus and Minerva (Isid. Orig. iii. 14), $ 3. ) The Seirens, who likewise ventured upon a
or lastly of Aether and Gaea. (Hygin. Fub. Praef. ) contest with them, were deprived of the feathers
Eupheme is called the nurse of the Muses, and at of their wings, and the Muses themselves put
the foot of Mount Helicon her statue stood beside them on as an ornament (Eustath, ad Hom: p.
that of Linus. (Paus. ix. 29. $ 3. )
85); and the nine daughters of Pierus, who pre-
With regard to the number of the Muses, we sumed to rival the Muses, were metamorphosed
are informed that originally three were worshipped into birds. (Anton. Lib. 9; Ov. Met. v. 300, &c. )
on Mount Helicon in Boeotia, namely, Melete As poets and bards derived their power from them,
(meditation), Mneme (memory), and Aoede (song); they are frequently called either their disciples or
and their worship and names are said to have been (Hom. Od. viii. 481, Hymn. in Lun. 20 ;
first introduced by Ephialtes and Otus. (Paus. ix. Hes. Theog. 22 ; Pind. Nein. iii. 1; Serv, ud
29. § 1, &c. ) Three were also recognised at Si- Virg. Georg. ii. 476. ) Thus Linus is called a son
cyon, where one of them bore the name of Polyma- of Amphimarus and Urania (Paus. ix. 29. & 3), or
theia (Plut. Sympos. ix. 14), and at Delphi, where of Apollo and Calliope, or Terpsichore (Apollod. i.
their names were identical with those of the low- | 3. § 2); Hyacinthus a son of Pierus and Cleio
est, middle, and highest chord of the lyre, viz. (Apollod. i. 3. § 3) ; Orpheus a son of Calliope or
Nete, Mese, and Hypate (Plut. I. c. ), or Cephisso, Cleio, and Thamyris a son of Erato. These and a
Apollonis, and Borysthenis, which names charac- few others are the cases in which the Muses are
terise them as the daughters of Apollo. (Tzetz. described as mothers ; but the more general idea
1. c. ; Arnob. iii. 37 ; Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. vii. was, that, like other nymphs, they were virgin di-
21 ; Diod. iv. 7. ) As daughters of Zeus and vinities. Being goddesses of song, they are naturally
Plusia we find mention of four Muses, viz. Thelxi- connected with Apollo, the god of the lyre, who
noe (the heart delighting), Aoede (song), Arche like them instructs the bards, and is mentioned
(beginning), and Melete. (Cic. , Arnob. , Tzetz. along with them even by Homer. (Il. i. 603, Od.
U. cc. ; Serv. ud Aen. i. 12. ) Some accounts, viii. 488. ) In later times Apollo is placed in very
again, in which they are called daughters of Pierus, close connection with the Muses, for he is described
mention seven Muses, viz. Neilo, Tritone, A sopo, as the leader of the choir of the Muses by the sur-
Heptapora, Achelois, Tipoplo, and Rhodia (Tzetz. name Movoayétns. (Diod. i. 18. ) A further fea-
Amob. U. cc. ); and others, lastly, mention eight, ture in the character of the Muses is their prophie-
which is also said to have been the number recog- tic power, which belongs to them, partly because
nised at Athens. (Arnob. l. c. ; Serv. ad Aen. i. they were regarded as inspiring nymphs, and partly
12; Plat. De Re Publ. p. 116. ) At length, how because of their connection with the prophetic god
ever, the number nine appears to have become esta- of Delphi.
