No More Learning

Carmina, Mitscherlich, La
ing, Lips. 1803. VIIL Roosi
ssed to have collated many
&c. IX. Carmina (with Free
inderbourg, Paris, 1812 Panda
MSS. X. A J. Braunbard, La
it of the old Scholia XL 07,
is last surpasses all faren e
ren erklärt ron L. F. Hende
a E. F. Wüstemann, Leipen,
Commentary excellent. IIIL
a F. E. Theodor Schmid. Fale
of Horace in all langus a
, perhaps because be is on
ateable of poets. Where the
consists so much in the ease-
ission, in the finished terena
he Odes, or the pure dienst
s and Epistles, the transisco
nost inevitably loses either size
nony of thought and lanza
imitations of Pope and
t notion of the charm of the
n unlearned reader. Some of
ve his merits and faults-
ness and inaccuracy. The
cis is that in common
betier than for its istries
une in our selection of the
the pomberless critica ed
orace (a complete list of Lido
py many colamus) the best
man translations:
Foruce Masson, Host
08. Casaubon, de Stran
74. Ernesti, Oassasinu
Horatii Fian. Harga
Roz, R Fog (2003
vips. 1802 Lessing, kas
kę, rol. ir. Berlin,
tzt vos C M. W zland
1837. To these dere
7 dissertations and 2
ticism, on the chances
under which the god had a statue at Olympia. the protection of the consul Mancinus and of the
(Paus. v. 24. $ 2; Eurip. Hippol. 1025. ) (L. S. ) senate, Hortensius was so enraged that he stormed
HORCUS ("Opros), the personification of an and pillaged the city, beheaded the chief men, and
oath, is described by Hesiod as the son of Eris, and sold the rest into slavery. The senate contented
the avenger of perjury. (Theog. 231, Op. 209; themselves with voting this act to be unjust, and
Herod. vi. 86. & 3. )
(L. S. ) commanding that all who had been sold should be
HORDEOʻNIUS FLACCUS. (Flaccus. ] set free. Hortensius continued his robberies, and
HORDEO'NIUS LOLLIANUS. (LOLLIA- was again reprimanded by the senate for his treat-
NUs. ]
ment of the Chalcidians ; but we do not hear that
HÖRME ('Opun), the personification of energetic he was recalled or punished. (Liv. xliii. 3, 4, 7, 8. )
activity, who had an altar dedicated to her at 4. Q. HORTENSIUS, found in some Fasti as con-
Athens. (Paus. i. 17. § 1. )
(L. S. ] sul in B. c. 108.
HORMUS, was one of Vespasian's freedmen, 3. L. HORTENSIUS, father of the orator, praetor
and commanded a detachment in Caccina's division of Sicily in B. c. 97, and remembered there for
B. c. 70. He was said to have instigated the sol his just and upright conduct. (Cic. Verr. iii. 16. )
diers to the sack of Cremona. After the war his He married Sempronia, daughter of C. Sempr.
services were recompensed with the rank of eques. Tuditanus (Cic. ad Ath xiii. 6, 30, 32).
(Tac. Hist. iii, 12, 28; iv. 39. ) (W. B. D] 6. Q. HORTENSIUS, L. F. , the orator, born in
HORTALUS. (HORTENSIUS, Nos. 8, 10. ] B. c. 114, eight years before Cicero, the same year
HORTENSIA. 1. Daughter of the orator that L. Crassus made his famous speech for the
Q. Hortensius. She partook of his eloquence, and Vestal Licinia (Cic. Brut. 64, 94). At the early
spoke before the triumvirs in behalf of the wealthy age of nineteen he appeared in the forum, and his
matrons, when these were threatened with a special first speech gained the applause of the consuls, L.
tax to defray the expenses of the war against Bru- Crassus and Q. Scaevola, the former the greatest
tus and Cassius. (Val. Max. viii. 3. $3 ; Quintil. orator, the latter the first jurist of the day. Crassus
i. 1. $6; Appian, B. C. iv. 32. )
also heard his second speech for Nicomedes, king of
2. A sister of the orator, wife of M. Valerius Bithynia, who had been expelled by his brother
Messala. Their son nearly became heir to the Chrestus. His client was restored (Cic. de Orat.
orator (HORTENSIUS, No. 8). [H. G. L. ] iii. 61). By these speeches Hortensius at once
HORTE'NSIA GENS, plebeian ; for we have rose to eminence as an advocate. Q. Horlensius,
an Hortensius as tribunus plebis (HORTENSIUS, says Cicero, admodum adolescentis ingenium simul
No. 1), and there is no evidence of any patrician spectatum et probatum est (Brut. 64). But his
families of this name. Cicero, indeed, gives the forensic pursuits were soon interrupted by the
epithet of nobilis to the orator (pro Quinct
. 22 ; cf. Social War, in which he was obliged to serve two
Plut. Cat. Maj. 25 ; Plin. H. N. 9, 80); but this campaigns (B. C. 91, 90), in the first as a legionary,
is sufficiently accounted for by the high curule in the second as tribunus militum (Brut. 89). In
offices that had been held by several of his ances- the year 86 B. c. he defended young Cn. Pompeius,
tors. The name seeins to have been derived from who was accused of having embezzled some of the
the gardening propensities of the first person who public booty taken at Asculum in the course of
bore it ; and the surname Hortalus, borne by the the war (Brut. 64). But, for the most part, the
great orator's son [Nos. 8 and 10), seems, as Dru- courts were silent during the anarchy which fol-
mann observes, to have been a kind of nickname lowed the Marian massacres, up to the return of
of the orator himself. (Cic. Att. ii. 25, iv. Sulla, B. C. 83. But these troubles, though they
15. )
(H. G. L. ] checked the young orator in his career, left him
HORTE'NSIUS. 1. Q. HORTENSIUS, tribu- complete master of the courts—rex judiciorum,--
nus plebis, B. C. 419. He indicted C. Sempronius, as Cicero calls him (Divin. in Q. Caecil. 7). For
consul of the year before, for ill conduct of the Crassus had died before the landing of Marius ;
Volscian war, but dropped his accusation at the Antonius, Catulus, and others fell victims in the
instance of four of his colleagues. (Liv. iv. 42; cf. massacres; and Cotta, who survived, yielded the
Val. Max. vi. 5. 2. )
first place to his younger rival. Hortensius,
2. Q. HORTENSIUS, dictator about B. c. 286 therefore, began his brilliant professional career
(Fasti). The commons, oppressed by debt, had anew, and was carried along on the top of the
broken out into sedition, and ended by seceding to wave till he met a more powerful than himself in
the Janiculuin.
He was appointed dictator to Cicero. Henceforth he confined himself to civil life,
remedy the evil, and for this purpose re-enacted and was wont to boast in his old age that he had
the Lex Horatia-Valeria (of the year 446 B. c. ), never borne arms in any domestic strife (Cic. ad
and the Lex Pubiilia (B. C. 336), “ut quod plebs Fam. ii. 16). He attached himself closely to
jussisset omnes Quirites teneret. ” (Plin. H. N. xvi. the dominant Sullane or aristocratic Party, and his
$ 37 ; c£. Liv. Epit
. xi. ) On the supposed difference chief professional labours were in defending men of
of these three laws, see Niebuhr, R. H. vol. ii. p. this party, when accused of mal-adminstration and
365, vol iii. p. 418, &c. He passed another law, extortion in their provinces, or of bribery and the
establishing the nundinae as dies fasti, and intro- like in canvassing for public honours. His con-
ducing the trinundinum as the necessary term be- stant success, partly due to his own eloquence,
tween promulgating and proposing a lex centu- readiness, and skill (of which we shall say some
riata (Dict. of Antiq. s. v. Nundinae. )
what hereafter), was yet in great measure dne to
3. L. HORTENSIUS, as praetor, B. c. 171, suc- circumstances. The judices at that time were all
ceeded C. Lucretius in the command of the fleet in taken from the senatorial order, i. e. from the same
the war with Perseus, and pursued a like course of party with those who were arraigned before them,
oppression with his predecessor. Of Abdera he and the presiding praetor was of the same party.
demanded 100,000 denarii and 50,000 modii of Moreover, the accusers were for the most part
wheat ; and when the inhabitants sent to entreat young men, of ability indeed and ambition, but
race.
2.
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526
HORTENSIUS.
HORTENSIUS.
as their instrum
the waition of
(erraneously cal
Fu Dow Crs
babs that bis
power of
to issue 1 1
50) De combines
He edended F
POLLUIT W CM
are the mata
jie s pieaded
2015 whom 1
Cicers, bearinho
fice (ci Fam.
in the delence
speak ins
was in his pret
bov. Derde
He was, as 18
the theatre of
quite unequal to cope with the experience and elo- | power of the Sullane aristocracy. But this party
quence of Hortensius. Nor did he neglect baser I. ad been much weakened by the measures passed
methods to ensure success. Part of the plundered by Pompey in his consulship with Crassus in the
money, which he was engaged to secure to his year before (B. c. 70). Especially, the Aemilian
clients, was unscrupulously expended in corrupting law, which transferred the judicial power from the
the judices; those who accepted the bribes receiving senators to the senators, equites, and tribuni aera-
marked ballots to prevent their playing false (Cic. rii conjointly, must have very much weakened the
Divin. in Q. Cueci. 7). It is true this statement influence of Hortensius and his party. (Ascon.
rests chiefly on the authority of a rival advocate. and Cic. in Pison. p. 16; in Cornel. p. 67, Orelli ;
But Cicero would hardly have dared to make it so see Cotta, No. 1)).
broadly in open court, with his opponent before After his consulship, Hortensius took a leading
him, unless he had good warrant for its truth. part in supporting the optimates against the rising
Turius, or Furius, mentioned by Horace (Serm. ii. power of Pompey. He opposed the Gabinian law,
1. 49), is said to have been one of the judices cor which invested that great commander with absolute
rupted by Hortensius.
power on the Mediterranean, in order to put down
This domination over the courts continued up to the pirates of Cilicia (B. C. 67); and the Manilian,
about the year B. c. 70, when Hortensius was re- by which the conduct of the war against Mithri-
tained by Verres against Cicero. Cicero had come dates was transferred from Lucullus (of the Sullane
to Rome from Athens in B. c. 81, and first met party) to Pompeius (B. c. 66). In favour of the
Hortensius as the advocate of P. Quinctius. Cicero's latter, Cicero made his first political speech.
speech is extant, and not the least interesting part In the memorable year B. C. 63 Cicero was
is that in which he describes and admits the extra- unanimously elected consul. He had already be-
ordinary gifts of his future rival (pro Quinct. 1, 2, come estranged from the popular party, with whom
22, 24, 26). But Cicero again left Rome, and did he had hitherto acted. The intrigues of Caesar
not finally settle there till B. c. 74, about three and Crassus, who supported his opponents C. An-
years before the Verrine affair came on.
tonius and the notorious Catiline, touched him
Meantime, Hortensius had begun his course of personally; and he found it his duty as consul to
civil honours. He was quaestor in B. C. 81, and oppose the turbulent measures of the popular lead-
Cicero himself bears witness to the integrity with ers, such as the agrarian law of Rullus. Above
which his accounts were kept (in Verr. i. 14, 39). all, the conspiracy of Catiline, to which Crassus
Soon after he defended M. Canuleius (Brut. 92); was suspected of being privy, forced him to combine
Cn. Dolabella, when accused of extortion in Cilicia with the senate for the safety of the state. He
by M. Scaurus ; another Cn. Dolabella, arraigned thus came to act with the Sullane nobility, and
by Caesar for like offences in Macedonia [DOLA Hortensius no longer appears as his rival. We
BELLA, Nos. 5, 6]. In B. c. 75 he was aedile, first find them pleading together for C. Rabirius,
Cotta the orator being consul, and Cicero quaes- an old senator, who was indicted for the murder
tor in Sicily (Brut. 92). The games and shows of C. Saturninus, tribune of the plebs in the times
he exhibited as aedile were long remembered of Sulla. They both appeared as counsel for L.
for their extaordinary splendour (Cic. de Off. ii. Muraena, when accused of bribery in aanvassing
16); but great part of this splendour was the loan for the consulship by Sulpicius and Cato ; and
of those noble clients, whose robberies he had so again for P. Sulla, accused as an accomplice of
successfully excused (Cic. in Verr. i. 19, 22; Ascon. Catiline. On all these occasions Hortensius allowed
ad. l. ). In B. c. 72 he was praetor urbanus, and Cicero to speak lastma manifest admission of his
had the task of trying those delinquents whom he former rival's superiority. And that this was the
had hitherto defended. In B. c. 69 he reached general opinion appears from the fact, that M.
the summit of civic ambition, being consul for that Piso (consul in 61), in calling over the senate,
year with Q. Caecilius Metellus. After his consul- named Cicero second, and Hortensius only fourth.
ship the province of Crete fell to him by lot, but About the same time we find Cicero, in a letter to
he resigned it in favour of his colleague.
their mutual friend Atticus, calling him “ noster
It was in the year before his consulship, after he Hortensius” (ad Att. i. 14).
was designated, that the prosecution of Verres The last active part which Hortensius took in
commenced.
Cicero was then aedile-elect, though public life was in the debates of the senate in the
Hortensius and his party had endeavoured to pre prosecution of the infamous Clodius for his offence
vent his election, and another Metellus praetor against the Bona Dea Fearing delay, he supported
elect; so that, had the cause been put off till the the amendment of Fufius, that Clodius should be tried
next year, Cicero would have had the weight of before the ordinary judices, instead of before a court
consular and praetorian authority against him. selected by the praetor. Cicero condemns his conduct
The skill and activity by which he baffled the in strong terms (ad Att. i. 16; cf. 14), and seems
schemes of his opponents will be found under his to have considered the success of this amendment
life (p. 710 ; see also Verres). Suffice it to say as the chief cause of Clodius's acquittal. [CLODIUS,
here, that the issue of this contest was to dethrone p. 771. ] In the subsequent quarrels between
Hortensius from the seat which had been already Milo and Clodius, Hortensius showed such zeal for
tottering, and to establish his rival, the despised the former, that he was nearly being murdered by
provincial of Arpinum, as the first orator and ad- the hired ruffians of Clodius (Cic. pro Milon, 14).
vocate of the Roman forum. No doubt the victory In B. c. 61 Pompey returned victorious from the
was complete, though here, as in all the contests Mithridatic war. He found he could no longer
between the two orators, the remark of Quintilian command a party of his own. He must side
is worth noticing, viz. that we have only Cicero's with one of the two factions which had been
own speeches, and have small means of judging fully formed during his absence in the East-the
what the case on the other side was (Instit. x. 1). old party of the optimates and the new popular
It is true also that Verres was backed by all the party, led by Caesar and Crassus, who used Clodius
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## p. 527 (#543) ############################################

HORTENSIUS.
HORTENSIUS.
537
ENSIUS
stocracy. But this part
d by the measura pel
Iship with Crnason in the
Especially, the Aania
e judicial power from the
equites, and tribus
very much weakened the
and his party. (
in Coreel. p. 67, Ori;
Tortensius took a leading
imates against the name
pposed the Gabinian bn
cornmander with absolute
an, in order to put on
67); and the Manilang
the war against Maths
Lucullus (of the Scene
66). In faveur de
it political speech
B. G 63 Cicery
1 He had already be
opular parts, vt vin
The intrigues of (
d his opponents C. As
Catiline, touched in
it his duty as consel
ares of the popular izat
Law of Rellus doo
iline, to which Cranes
y, forced him to combine
as their instrument. Hence followed (in B. c. 60) | hand to have him detained yet longer (ad All. v. 17;
the coalition of Pompey with Caesar and Crassus comp.