Anthony'sConvent,Louvain,diedonthe3rdofSeptember,1673; andthe pressure on Irish
ecclesiastical
seminaries abroad to supply home missionary wants prevented the Franciscans from naming a successor to prosecute that interrupted labour,"' the inception of which does such immortal honour to their order.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v1
Although this should procure more
popular approval, yet it might cause, likewise, some interruption of accordant truth, and obscure historic elucidations. Sometimes, he applies to similar examples for corroboration of unusual and wonderful miracles, related in the acts, to confirm the faith of weak believers, or to disarm the animadversions of stem critics, and especially when those accounts were not opposed to Faith or deserving fair censure. Where a few particulars could only be gleaned regarding a saint, he deemed it proper to collect all authentic extracts and references from old writers, in support of what had been advanced. Thus, he intended to show, how holy individuals were not the mythical creatures of modern invention, and that he had advanced nothing on his own authority. His faithful and candid adhesion to such professions and inten- tions must be manifest to all scholars, who take any trouble in studying the substance, arrangement and execution of Colgan's two learned folio tomes.
His general plan is well explained in a preface to the first of these published volumes. ""
Acta Sane-
d
HI INTRODUCTION.
After a circular had been issued to secure subscriptions from the Irish clergy and laity,"'^ towards the expenses of publication, in the year 1645,
"
appeared at Louvain, and from the press of Everard de VVitte,
Acta Sanc-
torum Veteris et Majoris Scotise, seu Hibemise Sanctorum Insulse, Partim ex
variis per Europam MS. Codd. excripta, partim ex antiquis Monumentis et
probatisAuthoribusenitaetcongesta; omniaNotisetAppendicibusillustrata. PerR. P. F. JoannemColganum. InConventuFF. Minor. Hibern. strictior obseru. Louvanii Theologise Lectorem Jubilatum, primum de eisdem Actis juxta ordinem mensium et dierum prodit Tomus Primus, Qui de Sacris An-
tiquitatibus est Tertius, Januarium, Februarium et Martium complectens. " This volume was dedicated to the Most Rev. Hugh Reilly, Archbishop of Armagh, and Primate of Ireland. In this Dedication, a just tribute is paid to his virtues, as also to the zeal and munificence manifested in behalf of that great work undertaken by the Franciscans. It would appear, that the
Archbishop had given great encouragement to those engaged collecting documents, necessary for writing the Lives of our Irish Saints ; that, by his own example, he had stimulated his suffragan bishops to promote the object Colganhadinview; andthat,infine,hehadsuppliedalargesumofmoney towardsthecostofthispublication. •" Ithadbeenintendedtofurnisha series of volumes on the Sacred Antiquities of Ireland. The "Acta Sanc- torum Hibemise" first published, because it had been the first tome prepared for press, was to be regarded as the third serial volume in order of arrange- ment. Theunpublishedoridealvolume,whichColganintendedtodesignate the first, was to have contained a synopsis, in several divisions, regarding Ireland'sEcclesiasticalAntiquities,"s Althoughhehadbeenurgedbysome, to give this precedence, he preferred a longer delay, that he might be able to
*°*
bestow on it more matured
Two years later, in 1647, from the press of Cornelius Coenesten, at
"
Louvain, issued
Brigidse Trium Veteris et Majoris Scotise, seu Hibetn'ae Sanctoivm Insulae, conimunium Patrononim Acta. A variis, iisque pervetustis, ac Sanctis authoribus scripta, ac studio R. P. F. Joannis Colgani in Conventu FF. Minor. Hibernor. strictior. obseru. Louvanii, S. Theologise Lectoris Jubilati,
«« A copy of thi$ appeal in English is published by an accomplished writer, the Rev. Charles P. Meehan, M. R. I. A. , in an
uncertain whether he should publish it in a separate tome, or include it in the volume. "Trias Thaumaturga. " Not being found in this tome, he must have subsequently en- tertained an intention of publishing it as a
Appendix to his highly interesting historical
work, "The Rise and Fall of the Irish
Franciscan Monasteries, and Memoirs of distinct one.
the Irish Hierarchy in the Seventeenth
Century," pp. 322, 323. This circul. nr is preceded by other valuable notices of the learned Father John Colgan. See Fourth Edition, A. D. 1872.
••*
. See Hid. , chap, v. , p. 169.
'^ In a part of his prefacej Colgan seems
"*
In another part of his preface, Colgan expresses doubt, that the natural term of life allotted to man could enable him to undertake the laborious course of investiga- tion, necessary to produce this preliminary
treatise, and unhappily his lorcbodingi were too early verified.
study.
Triadis Thaumaturgse, seu Divonm Patricii, Coltn-. lse et
INTRODUCTION^. lili
ex variis Bibliothecis collecta, Scholiis et Commentariis illustrata, et pluribus Appendicibus aucta ; complectitur Tomus Secundus Sacrarum ejusdem In-
sulae Antiquitatum, nunc primum in lucem prodiens. " This tome was dedicated to the Most Rev. Thomas Fleming, Archbishop of Dublin, and Primate of Ireland. '°7 He was a truly learned and virtuous prelate, belong- ing to the Franciscan Order. From the dedication we learn, that notwith- standing Dr. Fleming's private necessities, and the calamitous civil war then raging in Ireland, he not only presented some documents serving for its elucidation, but he likewise supplied pecuniary means, requisite for printing this national Avork. In the preface, Colgan states his reasons for including Acts of St. Patrick, of St. Columba and of St. Brigid, within a separate volume, in this particular instance. He had interrupted that regular order of arrange- ment, which he proposed to observe, according to months and days, regard- ing other saints' festivals. First, because the number and extent of acts, concerning those holy personages, were such, that he doubted, if belonging to any other nation three saints could be found, about whom more rare or even equal virtues and miracles had been recorded. Secondly, because through Divine Providence, those three saints died and were interred in dis- tricts respectively remote, although their bodies were afterwards buried in thesametomb; thus,throughGod'sdecreeitwasordainedthatthose,united in a common grave and in Heaven, should receive a united honour and
veneration on earth. Thirdly, because through the Almighty's inspiration, those same saints were assumed and adopted as common Patrons and Pro-
tectors of Ireland, by the declared will of its clergy and people, sanctioned byauthorityoftheHolySee. "^ Andfourthly,becauseifthelivesofany one among those three saints had been placed in the order of months and days with other Iribh saints' acts, the notices of each distinct one muFt have
occupied too greatly disproportioned a space for that volume, in which it might require to be inserted. A necessity for treating about each of those
saints, at greater length, and for combining their various acts, should require a distinct volume of large size. In publishing their several lives, Colgan tells us,hehadonesufficientmotive,althoughitwasnothissolereason. Amon^ the many editors of the Triad Acts, he was not able to discover any, who had not omitted various matters, orwho had not obscured passages,mcre clearlyand creditably given by other publicists. It might be objected, why he preferred issuing so many different lives of the same saint, to the publication of one life, clear, compendious and complete, embracing substantially all matters dispersed through separate Acts. Indeed, while needless iterations should
'0? The most complete account, we as yet
possess regarding tliis prelate, is that con- tained in the Rt. Rev. Dr. Moran's "His-
tory of the Catholic Archbishops of Dulihn, since the Reformation," vol. i. , chap. x. to chap, xviii. , pp. 294 to 411. The continua- tion of this biography may be expected in
vol. ii. , still unpublished,
"^ This is proved from the Office of their
Translation. insertedby Colgan in his "Trias Thaumaturga. " This Feast, with an Octave, sanctioned by the Sovereign Pontiflf, was celebrated on the fourth of the June Ides, each year.
liv INTRODUCTION,
have been spared the fastidious reader, clearness and brevity must have been substituted, while labour, study and expense must have been lessened. Yet,
to such objections, Colgan well replies, that by publishing those saints' hves, which were of very great antiquity, and full of wondrous miracles, it was re- quisite to produce concurrent and antique reliable evidence, so that their acts and miracles should not be set down as modem fictions. The united testimony of ancient authors, or even of those who wrote at comparatively recent periods, must furnish a degree of credibility, weight and correctness, beyond unauthorized brevity. He wished to discover and assert truth, espe- cially to establish credit for those wonderful actions the saints performed, and to obviate criticism in his day. *°9 Not only the habitual incredulity of persons separated from the Church, but even the comments of CathoUc critics, should be met, not with the assertions of a modern writer, but be op- posed by testimonies, drawn from ancient sources. Hardly equalled in the sacred history of other countries, those virtues and miracles, enumerated in the acts of St. Patrick, of St. Columba, and of St. Brigid, are certainly not surpassed ; and preferring olden evidence to modem style, Colgan stated nothing, save on the authority of witnesses so ancient, that some of these might have seen various wonderful actions related, while others could have derived accounts from persons who were eye-witnesses. Several of those writers were holy and learned men ; so, it cannot justly be supposed, they are chargeable with fictitious inventions or ignorance, regarding those subjects they treated. Neither, on the score of great credulity, should such authors too hastily incur the censure of carping critics.
The different biographers of St. Patrick, of St. Columba, and of St. Brigid, with an account of various writings attributed to them, as also disser- tations on the age or period when they flourished, afford subjects for interest- ingenquiry. ThereareseveralvaluableAppendicesandIndices,t—oboth the " Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," and to the " Trias Thaumaturga" these veryrareandprizedworksofourgreatnationalhagiographist. '"* Theformer of these will furnish a just idea of Colgan's contemplated design, to issue in succession the lives or acts of Irish saints, according to the order of months and days. When Father Luke Wadding had been writing a work,'" about the year 1648 or 1649, we are informed, that the Fourth Volume of the " Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," comprising saints' lives for the months of April, May
and June, was under the press, and that Colgan promised to give the public, in a short time, the fifth and sixth volumes, which were destined to embrace six remaining months of the year. To these he intended to add a prefatory volume,tobecalledthefirst,andinagreatmeasurealreadyprepared. In
'"'9 It seems quite unaccountable, that such a critical editor should have allowed so many clerical, chronological, and careless typographical errors to remain, if indeed he ever revised the proof-sheets of those two folio volumes.
"° In any other civilized country, but Ire- land, these works—-so difficult to be pro- cured by scholars at present—must have
passed through repeated editions,
p.
'"See 210.
*'
Scriptores Ordiais Minorum,"
INTRODUCTIOI^. Iv
it, he purposed publishing four different Irish Martyrologies, or even a still greater number. Conjointly with these, he desired to edit the sacred and profane annals of Ireland. This indeed formed a most comprehensive design, on the part of Colgan; but, could he have seriously hoped its adequate completion within the limit of existence usually allotted to man ? If so, he appears to have inherited, with the hagiological learning and research of Rosweyde or Boland, their ingenuous hallucination and trusting confidence to accomplish work, the conclusion of which seems to lie far in the future, and after a lapse of more than two centuries from the commencement. "*
Colgan lived to pubUsh another small work in 1655,"3 and he died at
Louvain, January 15th, a. d. 1658. Many of his writings and compilations appear to have been ready for the press j"-* but, it is much to be regretted, that he did not live sufficiently long to issue his prepared Acts of Irish Saints, enrichedwithhisadmirablecriticalandtopographicalnotes. Longafterhis death, however, in the convent of his order at Louvain, several volumes of
his manuscript productions had been preserved. "s
It is feared, that some of these—especially the shorter notes or notices—
have been lost. However a very considerable collectanea of saints' lives,
now preserved in the Burgundian Library, at Bruxelles,""^ with certain MSS. , afterwards transferred to St. Isidore's Convent, Rome,"7 may fairly represent
those left unpublished. Among the latter, several catalogue copies of manu- scripts or printed books, found at Louvain, after the death of Colgan, are dis- tinguishable. "^ There are some slight discrepancies between them ; and
'" wrote also a Colgan
Theology,
which "* In "
Proceedings
of the Irish Royal
was published at Louvain in the year 1639. Academy," vol. iii. , p. 487, Mr. Bindon
" " '*
It was intituled, Theologia Scholastica, anditappearedin4toshape.
quoting the Invenlaire" thus describes
: probablyoneoftheseMSS. "Vol. xv.
This is a thin
rudely stitched together, and in bad condi- tion. It contains, first, a fragment of a catalogue of saints, then some poems by
"3 It was intituled
:
" Tractatus de Vita
(5057, 5058, 5059).
quarto,
Patria, Scriptis, Johannis Scoti, Doctoris Subtilis. "
"* See Rev. Mr. Brennan's " Ecclesias-
tical of vol. History Ireland,"
'Eogan
Bhaird,'
and
'
by Moel
ii. , p. 271. "5 Owing to the favour of the Franciscan
Guardian of St.
obtained the following titles and descrip-
tions of these. Tomus i. De Apostolatu
Hibernorum inter Exteras Gentes, cum and I was unable to discover the name of Indice Alphabetico de exteris Sanctis. This the scribe or date of the compilation ; how- was a folio containing 852 pages. Tomus ever, I believe it belonged to the Louvain ii.
Anthony's Convent,
Harris
in ' Gloriosus prose, commencing
De Sanctis in Anglia, in Britannia, Aremorica, in reliqua Gallia, in Belgio. It consistedof1068pages; butasmallpart
collection, and is justly attributed in the
catalogue to the seventeenth century. " "'InthetimeofNapoleonI. ,theFrench was wanting at the end. Tomus iii. De soldiers used St. Isidore's Convent for a Sanctis in Lotharingia et Burgimdia, in Ger- barracks, and it is feared they destroyed or mania ad sinistram et dextram Rheni, in purloined books and MSS. See " Pro-
Italia. This contained 920 pages, but a few are wanting at the end of this volume. See Harris' Ware, vol. iii. , "Writers of Ireland," book L, pp. 140, X41.
ceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," vol. vi. , pp. 95, 104.
"» Owing to the care of Charles Mac Donnell, Esq. , one of these catalogues in-
mac an
Patric,' &c. , &c. , and ends with a fragment
Episcopus Carthagus qui vuigo vocatur lllochu'OA. ' The contents are all in the Irish language,
Ivl INTRODUCTION.
they had been drawn up, most probably by different members of the com-
munity, who were deputed perhaps to examine separately what Colgan had left behind him. "9 A catalogue of manuscript lives, prepared for printing by Colgan, states at the end, that notes to many of the acts had been placed overtheminachest. "° Althoughhehadpaperandcopytoaverycon- siderable amount ready for the printers, it is not sufficiently clear, that any had gone to press for the projected volumes unpublished. During the pro- gress of Colgan's labours, the illustrious Father Luke Wadding took the deepest interest in their completion, as evidenced by his printed and manu- script remains. Although the latter great man intended to produce a " General History of Ireland," with other vast intellectual projects in mind, his extraordinary and interminable literary and ecclesiastical occupations left no possibility for the accomplishment of more than that wonderful amount of work achieved, and which ended only with the close of his life, on the i8th of November, a. d. 1657, in the seventieth year of his age. '"
I'he learned and criacally renowned Father Papebroke of the Jesuits* Society informs us, that Father Thomas Sirinus or O'Sheerin, the editor of
" Actuum Sanctorum tituled, Catalogus
edition of his uncle's most learned and volu-
'*
eight folio volumes, bringing the history of his Order down to A. D. 1540, was issued at
Lyons r. nd Rome, between the years 1625 and 1654.
'" See " Acta Sanctorum Junii," tomus v. Vita S. Baboleni. Comraentarius Pnevius, § 6, p. 180.
quae MS. habentur ordine Mensium et Dierum,"
Annales Minorum, in qiu-
Fleming's
" Collectanea Sacra," had been appointed
St. Rumold's acts and of
by the Franciscans to resume and continue Father John Colgan's hagio- graphical labours. From the former of these works we learn, that O'Sherrin or O Sheridan had nearly finished a work, called, "Tractatus de Veteris et neotericje Scotiae nomenclatura et Sanctorum vindiciis. " But, the existing disturbed and impoverished state of Ireland prevented a continuation of his editorial labours. This jubilate lector and Professor of Theology, in St.
Anthony'sConvent,Louvain,diedonthe3rdofSeptember,1673; andthe pressure on Irish ecclesiastical seminaries abroad to supply home missionary wants prevented the Franciscans from naming a successor to prosecute that interrupted labour,"' the inception of which does such immortal honour to their order. Thus ended Irish archaeological and historical studies at Lou- vain. "^ Foratime,theIrishhagiologicalmanuscriptsandbookswerepre-
has been published. See "Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," vol. vii. , pp. 37110375. It purports to be a list of Irish saints' biographies, which seem to have been
ready or in preparation for publication, with
some preliminary notices. His paper was can. The first edition of this work, in
read on the 14th of January, 1861.
"9 These do not all contain the published
list of saints' lives at full length.
'** Allusions are made to the various saints
named there, in the progress of this work,
and at the days of the months when their
festivals occur.
"'
Fr. Lucae Waddingi," prefixed to the second
See Father Francis Harold's "Vita
"^Sge Rev. P. Victor De Buck's L'Archeologic Irlamlaise au Convent de
minous work,
bus res omnes trium Ordinum Franciscano- rum tractantur. " This was issued at Rome, a. d. 1731 in sixteen folio volumes, with additions and supplements, by Joseph Fonseca ab Ebora, an Observantin Francis-
"
to prepare in alphabetical order an
Saint- Antoine de Padoue a Louvain," § vii. ,
pp. 42 to 45.
'^ An opinion seems to prevail, that since
the foundation of the Belgian Kingdom, the Franciscan Convent at Wexford received
Opera R. Patris Fr. Francisci Haroldi, Hi- berni, L mericensis. In this, Wadding's labours are justly extolled,
"' They are now accessible in the Fran-
ciscan Lil)rary, Merchants'-quay, Dublin, '* A few leaves of MS. are in tiie end of
the last volume, giving the titles of 132 books, which had been lost or missing from the St. Isidore Library,
"^ The scribe adds, on the concluding
Secanicus, patria Bisuntinus, patris Wad- ingi scriptor. " Then follows the date, as well as the note, and in a sort of eccentric arrangement of letters and umueriiL,
several books and M. SS. , par'aaps
formerly belonging to the Franciscan College, Loa- vain. An Irish friar, it is said, removed these
literary treasures. See
"
Proceedings of
the Royal Irish Academy," vol. vi. , pp.
"Hunc librum magno conscripsi
INTRODUCriON. Ivii
served there, but ultimately some were removed to St. Isidore's Franciscan Convent, Rome, while others were transferred to the Bur^^undian Library,
Bruxelles. Itisprobable,thatsomeweresentelsewhere,"-*andmanyarepos- sibly lost. During the last century, the Irish Franciscans abandoned their historic convent of St. Anthony, and left Louvain.
The library of the Irish Franciscans, at St. Isidore's Convent, Rome,
had been assigned as one to be specially consulted by the Congregation of Sacred Rites, in reference to the canonization of saints. The illustrious Franciscan Father Luke Wadding engaged his nephew Father Francis Harold
"
Index Sanctorum" of all holy men, known to have existed to that time, and from the earliest ages, in every countryontheglobe. "s Undertheirrespectivenames,referenceswereto be given to various writers in the Isidore Library, who treated about them. Thiswasmethodicallyperformed. Thevariousslipswerestrungonthreads, and when this task had been laboriously accomplished by Harold, a com- petent scribe was ready to transfer to their proper double columns, those names and references, into two large and very thick folio paper volumes. Pope Alexander '^li. , who saw this M3. , was greatly pleased with the per- formance. "^ These manuscripts are bound in vellum, but unfortunately some pages of the second volume have been nibbled through by mice. "' The first volume contains 794 written pages, as the writer has counted them ; it commences with the letter A, and the word Aaron, while it ends with the letter H, and the word Hypatii. The second volume has 836 written pages,
as counted ; it commences with the letter I, and the word lachelinse, while it ends with the letter Z, and the word Zozimi. On an average, each page, in both volumes, contains ten to twelve names. Many of these belong to Irish saints, and hence its value for purposes of reference must be apparent. "^
This transcript of Harold's notes appears to have been finished in 1647. "' AWatenbrdmm,namedJohnHartrey, becameaCistercianMonkin the Abbey of Nucale, in Spain, where in religion he took the name of Francis.
He returned to Ireland and resided in the Abbey of Holy Cross, county of
95» 96, 106.
"S Wadding ordered a copy to be made crede labore ego loannes Thierry incola
for himself.
"' See Harold's "Vita Fr. Lucjb Wad-
dingi," cap. Ivi. , p. 43, prefixed to his "Epitome Annalium^ Ordinis Minorum. "
page :
Iviii
INTRODUC2I0N.
Tipperary.
In the
year 1640,
he commenced a
work, intituled,
"
Chronologica de Csenobio S. Crucis, Sacrae Ordinis Cistertiensis in Hibernia ;
in quibus plura a salutifero S. Crucis ligno patrata Miracula, aliaque memo-
ratu desiderata illustrantur. "'3o it ^as a small folio MS. on vellum, toler-
ably well adorned and illuminated. It had a preface, dedication and com-
mendatory verses prefixed, as if intended for publication. In 1649, he wrote
"
another work,
Hibernorum Cislertientium," the running title of which was " De Cistertien- tium viris illustribus. " It was also written on vellum. In the year 1733, Walter Harris had a loan of these tracts, bound together, from the officiating parish priest of Holy Cross Parish. 's^ Richard Archdeacon, born in Kil- kenny A. D. 1619, was a learned member of the Society of Jesus, and besides his theological works '3^ he wrote " Vitse et Miraculorum S. Patricii Hibernise Apostoli Epitome," published at Louvain, a. d. 1671. '33 He died at Antwerp, about 1 690. ^34
Among the most learned men of his age must ever be ranked James Ussher, who was born in Dublin, a. d. 1580, who was educated in the newly founded Trinity College, and who afterwards became successively Protestant
BishopofMeath,andArchbishopofArmagh. Passingoverhisotherliterary labours, as irrelevant to our scope, we must especially notice the valuable mass of material for the diligent investigator of earlier Irish records in his " Veterum Epistolarum Hibernicarum Sylloge,"'35 and in his " Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates. " '33 These works throw great light on the early history of the British and Irish Churches, and they have been frequently ex- amined and quoted for our purpose. Certain theories and inferences, which had their origin, rather in the peculiar bias of this celebrated writer's mind, thaninaperfectconceptionorarrayoffacts,mustbedoubted. Incidents connected with the establishment and progress of Christianity in our island, and illustrating our national saints' acts, have been confined, for the most part,totheconcludingchaptersofhiswork. Theybearonlyaminorpro- portion of historic data to his previous chapters. The appended Chronolo- gical Index is exceedingly valuable, and it has been so arranged as to afford great assistance to the student or compiler of our earlier ecclesiastical annals.
Considering the want of ready guidance and the period when Ussher was
'30 On the 2ist of July, 1752, this work »33 in 8vo shape,
was in possession of Rev. John Dorrony, '34 See some particulars regarding him Parish Priest of Holy Cross, as stated by in Rev. George Oliver's "Collections
Synopsis nonnullorum Sanctorum illustriumq ; Monachorum
the Most Rev. James Butler, Archbishop, in his Visitation Book of the Archdiocese. See
Limerick Reporter of February i8th, 1873.
towards illustrating the Biography of the Scotch, English, and Irish Members of the
Society of Jesus," p. 213.
'3S PubUshed at Dublin in 1653, as a thin
quarto.
'3* This was first published in Dublin A. D.
1639 in 410 shape, and afterwards as a folio volume iu London A. D. 16S7.
"
ters of Ireland," book i. , chap, xiv. , p. 125.
"
'3* Sec
tatis Jesu," &c. , a Nathanaele Sotvello, ejusdem Societatis Fresbytero, p. 71S.
'3» See Harris' Ware. Vol. iii. ,
Wri-
Bibliotheca Scriptorum Socie-
Triumphalia
INTRODUCTION. llx
enabled to print this volume, sound and critical judgment exercised through- out his entire work must always make it be regarded as a truly researchful ac- cession to our historical literature. It has preserved for us, likewise, many important particulars regarding this island's early state, and which might not otherwise be transmitted to our time. It may almost seem uncalled for to express an opinion, that with better care and greater revision bestowed on his great work, Ussher might have corrected many errors, digested more care- fully abundant disposable materials, and improved its style or arrangement, in a great variety of instances. When objectionable remarks must be re* futed, in subsequent pages of these volumes, special examination and obser- vationsaremade,inaccordwiththedesignandscopeofourwork. Besides his great volume, Ussher's smaller treatises, in which he has preserved a col- lection of ancient pieces, on matters connected with Ireland's ecclesiastical
history,areveryinteresting,althoughofsomewhatlesserimportance. These relate to the condition and habits of the early Irish. '3? After an extremely
chequered career, Ussher died at Rygate, Surrey, on the 21st of March, a. d.
1655, in his seventy-sixth year, and he was buried in Henry Seventh's Chapel, Westminster Abbey. '^s
Not less were those services rendered to our history and antiquities, in that century, by the learned, honest and painstaking Sir James Ware, who was bom in Castle-street, Dublin, a. d. 1594. Educated in Trinity College, he soon became a distinguished and diligent student, as also a great collector of records and manuscripts, both in Ireland and in England. In 1626, he
"
published at Dublin, a tract,'39 intituled,
et Tuamensium Vitae, duobus expressae Commentariis. " Again, in 1828, he
Archiepiscoporum Cassiliensium " De Praesulibus sive Provinciae Liber unus. "'*°
issued, Lageniae,
Dubliniensis,
Under the more
" De Praesulibus
he included both
Hibernise,"
caused much interruption to his historic pursuits for some years. His work, " De Hibernia et Antiquitatibus ejus Disquisitiones," appeared at London,
general title,
theforegoingtreatises,inonebook. In1639,hepublished,"DeScriptoribus Hibernis. " Libri Duo. Prior continet Scriptores in Hibernia natos; Pos- terior Scriptores alios, qui in Hibernia munera aliqua obierunt. '*^ The dis- turbed state of affairs, his official situation, in Ireland, and exile abroad,
'37 A very complete edition of Ussher's works, in seventeen octavo volumes, edited by Dr. £lrington, has been issued from the University Press, at Trinity College, Dublin. A life is prefixed. This edition issued be- tween A. D. 1847 and 1864.
Bishop of Armagh, Primate and Metropoli' tan of all Ireland. " Parr wras chaplain and literary executor for Ussher, at the time of his death. This edition is illustrated with a collection of 300 letters between the Pri- mate and some of the most eminent of his
'3^ His life has been written by his chap- contemporaries at home and abroad. It
lain Dr. Nicholas Bernard, and by Dr. was published at London, in folio, A. D. Thomas Smith of Oxford. The life of 1686.
'^' This was published in quarto shape at
Archbishop Ussher, by Dr. Richard Parr,
his chaplain, is the Inography best known.
It is intituled, "Life of the Most Reverend
Father in God, James Usher, late Lord Dublin.
'^9 in quarto shape, '*"' In quarto size.
ix introduction:
A. D. 1654. '''' He published a second, or corrected, and an enlarged edition of this work, at London, a. d. 1658. '43 in the year 1656, he published the
works ascribed to St. under this Patrick,
"
Sancto
qui Hibernos ad Fidera Christi convertit Adscripta, in lucem emisit, et notis illustravit," Jacobus Waraeus, Eques auratus. '** At the Restoration of Charles II. , Sir James Ware returned to Ireland. He published some
pieces
of the Venerable
Bede,
under this
title,
Epistolse duae; necnon Vitae Abbatum Wiremuthensium et Gerwiensiura.
Accessit Egberti, Archiepiscopi Eboracensis, Dialogus de Ecclesiastica In-
stitutione ; ex Antiquis MS. in lucem emisit et Notis ad Rem Historicam et
Antiquariam spectandbus illustravit," Jacobus Waraeus, Eques auratus. ^^s
This same year, he published, "Rerum Hibernicarum Annales Regnantibus
Henrico VII. , Henrico VIII. , Edwardo VI. et Maria, ab anno (scil. ) Domini
1485 ad Annum 1558. " »46 Lastly, he issued at Dublin, a. d. 1665, the folio
volume "DePraesulibusHiberniaeCommentarius aPrimaGentis intituled, ;
Hibernicae ad Fidem Christianara Conversione, ad nostra usque Tempora. '' Sir James Ware always kept an Irish scribe in his house to interpret and copy Irish documents. The celebrated antiquary and genealogist, Dudley Mac Firbis, served him in that office, at the time of his death. '^^ Tnis happened on the 1st of December, a. d. 1666, having just entered on his seventy-ihird year. At great expense, Sir James Ware collected several valuable Irish historical manuscripts. These fell into the hands of Earl Clarendon, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in the reign of James II. They were brought into England afterwards,andtheresoldtotheDukeofChandos. '*^ Amongtheworksal- ready enumerated, the lives of the bishops and writers of Ireland especially have afforded us no inconsiderable aid, as the Irish sainis are frequently ranked under either class. Sir James Ware's moderated judgment, impartiality, perspicuityofstyleandarrangementaregreatlytobeadmired. Atatime when Ireland's national literature had been consigned to manuscript, which could only be reproduced by much expense and exertion, Archbishop Ussher and Sir James Ware'*^ became Anglo-Irish historical pioneers, and but
'** In 8vo size. In this, too, he included a tract, previously published, "Caeaobia
"
Cistertientia Hibernise.
'43 It was issued in 8vo size. To it he
Annals of Henry Eighth's reign,
'^' An account of this learned Irish scho*
lar and his writings will be found in Pro-
*'
Lectures on the Manu- script Materials of Ancient Irish History," Henrico Vil. Annales nunc primum in lect. vi. , pp. 120 to 130. See, likewise,
added, " Rerum Hibernicarum Regnante
lucem editi. "
'*• Issued in London, 8vo. See Thomas
D'Arcy M'Gee's" Gallery of Irish Writers,"
Thomas
D'Arcy
M'Gee's " of Irish Gallery
Writers," pp. 103 to iii.
'« "
See Harris' Ware. Vol. iii. , Wri-
ters of Ireland," book i.
popular approval, yet it might cause, likewise, some interruption of accordant truth, and obscure historic elucidations. Sometimes, he applies to similar examples for corroboration of unusual and wonderful miracles, related in the acts, to confirm the faith of weak believers, or to disarm the animadversions of stem critics, and especially when those accounts were not opposed to Faith or deserving fair censure. Where a few particulars could only be gleaned regarding a saint, he deemed it proper to collect all authentic extracts and references from old writers, in support of what had been advanced. Thus, he intended to show, how holy individuals were not the mythical creatures of modern invention, and that he had advanced nothing on his own authority. His faithful and candid adhesion to such professions and inten- tions must be manifest to all scholars, who take any trouble in studying the substance, arrangement and execution of Colgan's two learned folio tomes.
His general plan is well explained in a preface to the first of these published volumes. ""
Acta Sane-
d
HI INTRODUCTION.
After a circular had been issued to secure subscriptions from the Irish clergy and laity,"'^ towards the expenses of publication, in the year 1645,
"
appeared at Louvain, and from the press of Everard de VVitte,
Acta Sanc-
torum Veteris et Majoris Scotise, seu Hibemise Sanctorum Insulse, Partim ex
variis per Europam MS. Codd. excripta, partim ex antiquis Monumentis et
probatisAuthoribusenitaetcongesta; omniaNotisetAppendicibusillustrata. PerR. P. F. JoannemColganum. InConventuFF. Minor. Hibern. strictior obseru. Louvanii Theologise Lectorem Jubilatum, primum de eisdem Actis juxta ordinem mensium et dierum prodit Tomus Primus, Qui de Sacris An-
tiquitatibus est Tertius, Januarium, Februarium et Martium complectens. " This volume was dedicated to the Most Rev. Hugh Reilly, Archbishop of Armagh, and Primate of Ireland. In this Dedication, a just tribute is paid to his virtues, as also to the zeal and munificence manifested in behalf of that great work undertaken by the Franciscans. It would appear, that the
Archbishop had given great encouragement to those engaged collecting documents, necessary for writing the Lives of our Irish Saints ; that, by his own example, he had stimulated his suffragan bishops to promote the object Colganhadinview; andthat,infine,hehadsuppliedalargesumofmoney towardsthecostofthispublication. •" Ithadbeenintendedtofurnisha series of volumes on the Sacred Antiquities of Ireland. The "Acta Sanc- torum Hibemise" first published, because it had been the first tome prepared for press, was to be regarded as the third serial volume in order of arrange- ment. Theunpublishedoridealvolume,whichColganintendedtodesignate the first, was to have contained a synopsis, in several divisions, regarding Ireland'sEcclesiasticalAntiquities,"s Althoughhehadbeenurgedbysome, to give this precedence, he preferred a longer delay, that he might be able to
*°*
bestow on it more matured
Two years later, in 1647, from the press of Cornelius Coenesten, at
"
Louvain, issued
Brigidse Trium Veteris et Majoris Scotise, seu Hibetn'ae Sanctoivm Insulae, conimunium Patrononim Acta. A variis, iisque pervetustis, ac Sanctis authoribus scripta, ac studio R. P. F. Joannis Colgani in Conventu FF. Minor. Hibernor. strictior. obseru. Louvanii, S. Theologise Lectoris Jubilati,
«« A copy of thi$ appeal in English is published by an accomplished writer, the Rev. Charles P. Meehan, M. R. I. A. , in an
uncertain whether he should publish it in a separate tome, or include it in the volume. "Trias Thaumaturga. " Not being found in this tome, he must have subsequently en- tertained an intention of publishing it as a
Appendix to his highly interesting historical
work, "The Rise and Fall of the Irish
Franciscan Monasteries, and Memoirs of distinct one.
the Irish Hierarchy in the Seventeenth
Century," pp. 322, 323. This circul. nr is preceded by other valuable notices of the learned Father John Colgan. See Fourth Edition, A. D. 1872.
••*
. See Hid. , chap, v. , p. 169.
'^ In a part of his prefacej Colgan seems
"*
In another part of his preface, Colgan expresses doubt, that the natural term of life allotted to man could enable him to undertake the laborious course of investiga- tion, necessary to produce this preliminary
treatise, and unhappily his lorcbodingi were too early verified.
study.
Triadis Thaumaturgse, seu Divonm Patricii, Coltn-. lse et
INTRODUCTION^. lili
ex variis Bibliothecis collecta, Scholiis et Commentariis illustrata, et pluribus Appendicibus aucta ; complectitur Tomus Secundus Sacrarum ejusdem In-
sulae Antiquitatum, nunc primum in lucem prodiens. " This tome was dedicated to the Most Rev. Thomas Fleming, Archbishop of Dublin, and Primate of Ireland. '°7 He was a truly learned and virtuous prelate, belong- ing to the Franciscan Order. From the dedication we learn, that notwith- standing Dr. Fleming's private necessities, and the calamitous civil war then raging in Ireland, he not only presented some documents serving for its elucidation, but he likewise supplied pecuniary means, requisite for printing this national Avork. In the preface, Colgan states his reasons for including Acts of St. Patrick, of St. Columba and of St. Brigid, within a separate volume, in this particular instance. He had interrupted that regular order of arrange- ment, which he proposed to observe, according to months and days, regard- ing other saints' festivals. First, because the number and extent of acts, concerning those holy personages, were such, that he doubted, if belonging to any other nation three saints could be found, about whom more rare or even equal virtues and miracles had been recorded. Secondly, because through Divine Providence, those three saints died and were interred in dis- tricts respectively remote, although their bodies were afterwards buried in thesametomb; thus,throughGod'sdecreeitwasordainedthatthose,united in a common grave and in Heaven, should receive a united honour and
veneration on earth. Thirdly, because through the Almighty's inspiration, those same saints were assumed and adopted as common Patrons and Pro-
tectors of Ireland, by the declared will of its clergy and people, sanctioned byauthorityoftheHolySee. "^ Andfourthly,becauseifthelivesofany one among those three saints had been placed in the order of months and days with other Iribh saints' acts, the notices of each distinct one muFt have
occupied too greatly disproportioned a space for that volume, in which it might require to be inserted. A necessity for treating about each of those
saints, at greater length, and for combining their various acts, should require a distinct volume of large size. In publishing their several lives, Colgan tells us,hehadonesufficientmotive,althoughitwasnothissolereason. Amon^ the many editors of the Triad Acts, he was not able to discover any, who had not omitted various matters, orwho had not obscured passages,mcre clearlyand creditably given by other publicists. It might be objected, why he preferred issuing so many different lives of the same saint, to the publication of one life, clear, compendious and complete, embracing substantially all matters dispersed through separate Acts. Indeed, while needless iterations should
'0? The most complete account, we as yet
possess regarding tliis prelate, is that con- tained in the Rt. Rev. Dr. Moran's "His-
tory of the Catholic Archbishops of Dulihn, since the Reformation," vol. i. , chap. x. to chap, xviii. , pp. 294 to 411. The continua- tion of this biography may be expected in
vol. ii. , still unpublished,
"^ This is proved from the Office of their
Translation. insertedby Colgan in his "Trias Thaumaturga. " This Feast, with an Octave, sanctioned by the Sovereign Pontiflf, was celebrated on the fourth of the June Ides, each year.
liv INTRODUCTION,
have been spared the fastidious reader, clearness and brevity must have been substituted, while labour, study and expense must have been lessened. Yet,
to such objections, Colgan well replies, that by publishing those saints' hves, which were of very great antiquity, and full of wondrous miracles, it was re- quisite to produce concurrent and antique reliable evidence, so that their acts and miracles should not be set down as modem fictions. The united testimony of ancient authors, or even of those who wrote at comparatively recent periods, must furnish a degree of credibility, weight and correctness, beyond unauthorized brevity. He wished to discover and assert truth, espe- cially to establish credit for those wonderful actions the saints performed, and to obviate criticism in his day. *°9 Not only the habitual incredulity of persons separated from the Church, but even the comments of CathoUc critics, should be met, not with the assertions of a modern writer, but be op- posed by testimonies, drawn from ancient sources. Hardly equalled in the sacred history of other countries, those virtues and miracles, enumerated in the acts of St. Patrick, of St. Columba, and of St. Brigid, are certainly not surpassed ; and preferring olden evidence to modem style, Colgan stated nothing, save on the authority of witnesses so ancient, that some of these might have seen various wonderful actions related, while others could have derived accounts from persons who were eye-witnesses. Several of those writers were holy and learned men ; so, it cannot justly be supposed, they are chargeable with fictitious inventions or ignorance, regarding those subjects they treated. Neither, on the score of great credulity, should such authors too hastily incur the censure of carping critics.
The different biographers of St. Patrick, of St. Columba, and of St. Brigid, with an account of various writings attributed to them, as also disser- tations on the age or period when they flourished, afford subjects for interest- ingenquiry. ThereareseveralvaluableAppendicesandIndices,t—oboth the " Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," and to the " Trias Thaumaturga" these veryrareandprizedworksofourgreatnationalhagiographist. '"* Theformer of these will furnish a just idea of Colgan's contemplated design, to issue in succession the lives or acts of Irish saints, according to the order of months and days. When Father Luke Wadding had been writing a work,'" about the year 1648 or 1649, we are informed, that the Fourth Volume of the " Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," comprising saints' lives for the months of April, May
and June, was under the press, and that Colgan promised to give the public, in a short time, the fifth and sixth volumes, which were destined to embrace six remaining months of the year. To these he intended to add a prefatory volume,tobecalledthefirst,andinagreatmeasurealreadyprepared. In
'"'9 It seems quite unaccountable, that such a critical editor should have allowed so many clerical, chronological, and careless typographical errors to remain, if indeed he ever revised the proof-sheets of those two folio volumes.
"° In any other civilized country, but Ire- land, these works—-so difficult to be pro- cured by scholars at present—must have
passed through repeated editions,
p.
'"See 210.
*'
Scriptores Ordiais Minorum,"
INTRODUCTIOI^. Iv
it, he purposed publishing four different Irish Martyrologies, or even a still greater number. Conjointly with these, he desired to edit the sacred and profane annals of Ireland. This indeed formed a most comprehensive design, on the part of Colgan; but, could he have seriously hoped its adequate completion within the limit of existence usually allotted to man ? If so, he appears to have inherited, with the hagiological learning and research of Rosweyde or Boland, their ingenuous hallucination and trusting confidence to accomplish work, the conclusion of which seems to lie far in the future, and after a lapse of more than two centuries from the commencement. "*
Colgan lived to pubUsh another small work in 1655,"3 and he died at
Louvain, January 15th, a. d. 1658. Many of his writings and compilations appear to have been ready for the press j"-* but, it is much to be regretted, that he did not live sufficiently long to issue his prepared Acts of Irish Saints, enrichedwithhisadmirablecriticalandtopographicalnotes. Longafterhis death, however, in the convent of his order at Louvain, several volumes of
his manuscript productions had been preserved. "s
It is feared, that some of these—especially the shorter notes or notices—
have been lost. However a very considerable collectanea of saints' lives,
now preserved in the Burgundian Library, at Bruxelles,""^ with certain MSS. , afterwards transferred to St. Isidore's Convent, Rome,"7 may fairly represent
those left unpublished. Among the latter, several catalogue copies of manu- scripts or printed books, found at Louvain, after the death of Colgan, are dis- tinguishable. "^ There are some slight discrepancies between them ; and
'" wrote also a Colgan
Theology,
which "* In "
Proceedings
of the Irish Royal
was published at Louvain in the year 1639. Academy," vol. iii. , p. 487, Mr. Bindon
" " '*
It was intituled, Theologia Scholastica, anditappearedin4toshape.
quoting the Invenlaire" thus describes
: probablyoneoftheseMSS. "Vol. xv.
This is a thin
rudely stitched together, and in bad condi- tion. It contains, first, a fragment of a catalogue of saints, then some poems by
"3 It was intituled
:
" Tractatus de Vita
(5057, 5058, 5059).
quarto,
Patria, Scriptis, Johannis Scoti, Doctoris Subtilis. "
"* See Rev. Mr. Brennan's " Ecclesias-
tical of vol. History Ireland,"
'Eogan
Bhaird,'
and
'
by Moel
ii. , p. 271. "5 Owing to the favour of the Franciscan
Guardian of St.
obtained the following titles and descrip-
tions of these. Tomus i. De Apostolatu
Hibernorum inter Exteras Gentes, cum and I was unable to discover the name of Indice Alphabetico de exteris Sanctis. This the scribe or date of the compilation ; how- was a folio containing 852 pages. Tomus ever, I believe it belonged to the Louvain ii.
Anthony's Convent,
Harris
in ' Gloriosus prose, commencing
De Sanctis in Anglia, in Britannia, Aremorica, in reliqua Gallia, in Belgio. It consistedof1068pages; butasmallpart
collection, and is justly attributed in the
catalogue to the seventeenth century. " "'InthetimeofNapoleonI. ,theFrench was wanting at the end. Tomus iii. De soldiers used St. Isidore's Convent for a Sanctis in Lotharingia et Burgimdia, in Ger- barracks, and it is feared they destroyed or mania ad sinistram et dextram Rheni, in purloined books and MSS. See " Pro-
Italia. This contained 920 pages, but a few are wanting at the end of this volume. See Harris' Ware, vol. iii. , "Writers of Ireland," book L, pp. 140, X41.
ceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," vol. vi. , pp. 95, 104.
"» Owing to the care of Charles Mac Donnell, Esq. , one of these catalogues in-
mac an
Patric,' &c. , &c. , and ends with a fragment
Episcopus Carthagus qui vuigo vocatur lllochu'OA. ' The contents are all in the Irish language,
Ivl INTRODUCTION.
they had been drawn up, most probably by different members of the com-
munity, who were deputed perhaps to examine separately what Colgan had left behind him. "9 A catalogue of manuscript lives, prepared for printing by Colgan, states at the end, that notes to many of the acts had been placed overtheminachest. "° Althoughhehadpaperandcopytoaverycon- siderable amount ready for the printers, it is not sufficiently clear, that any had gone to press for the projected volumes unpublished. During the pro- gress of Colgan's labours, the illustrious Father Luke Wadding took the deepest interest in their completion, as evidenced by his printed and manu- script remains. Although the latter great man intended to produce a " General History of Ireland," with other vast intellectual projects in mind, his extraordinary and interminable literary and ecclesiastical occupations left no possibility for the accomplishment of more than that wonderful amount of work achieved, and which ended only with the close of his life, on the i8th of November, a. d. 1657, in the seventieth year of his age. '"
I'he learned and criacally renowned Father Papebroke of the Jesuits* Society informs us, that Father Thomas Sirinus or O'Sheerin, the editor of
" Actuum Sanctorum tituled, Catalogus
edition of his uncle's most learned and volu-
'*
eight folio volumes, bringing the history of his Order down to A. D. 1540, was issued at
Lyons r. nd Rome, between the years 1625 and 1654.
'" See " Acta Sanctorum Junii," tomus v. Vita S. Baboleni. Comraentarius Pnevius, § 6, p. 180.
quae MS. habentur ordine Mensium et Dierum,"
Annales Minorum, in qiu-
Fleming's
" Collectanea Sacra," had been appointed
St. Rumold's acts and of
by the Franciscans to resume and continue Father John Colgan's hagio- graphical labours. From the former of these works we learn, that O'Sherrin or O Sheridan had nearly finished a work, called, "Tractatus de Veteris et neotericje Scotiae nomenclatura et Sanctorum vindiciis. " But, the existing disturbed and impoverished state of Ireland prevented a continuation of his editorial labours. This jubilate lector and Professor of Theology, in St.
Anthony'sConvent,Louvain,diedonthe3rdofSeptember,1673; andthe pressure on Irish ecclesiastical seminaries abroad to supply home missionary wants prevented the Franciscans from naming a successor to prosecute that interrupted labour,"' the inception of which does such immortal honour to their order. Thus ended Irish archaeological and historical studies at Lou- vain. "^ Foratime,theIrishhagiologicalmanuscriptsandbookswerepre-
has been published. See "Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," vol. vii. , pp. 37110375. It purports to be a list of Irish saints' biographies, which seem to have been
ready or in preparation for publication, with
some preliminary notices. His paper was can. The first edition of this work, in
read on the 14th of January, 1861.
"9 These do not all contain the published
list of saints' lives at full length.
'** Allusions are made to the various saints
named there, in the progress of this work,
and at the days of the months when their
festivals occur.
"'
Fr. Lucae Waddingi," prefixed to the second
See Father Francis Harold's "Vita
"^Sge Rev. P. Victor De Buck's L'Archeologic Irlamlaise au Convent de
minous work,
bus res omnes trium Ordinum Franciscano- rum tractantur. " This was issued at Rome, a. d. 1731 in sixteen folio volumes, with additions and supplements, by Joseph Fonseca ab Ebora, an Observantin Francis-
"
to prepare in alphabetical order an
Saint- Antoine de Padoue a Louvain," § vii. ,
pp. 42 to 45.
'^ An opinion seems to prevail, that since
the foundation of the Belgian Kingdom, the Franciscan Convent at Wexford received
Opera R. Patris Fr. Francisci Haroldi, Hi- berni, L mericensis. In this, Wadding's labours are justly extolled,
"' They are now accessible in the Fran-
ciscan Lil)rary, Merchants'-quay, Dublin, '* A few leaves of MS. are in tiie end of
the last volume, giving the titles of 132 books, which had been lost or missing from the St. Isidore Library,
"^ The scribe adds, on the concluding
Secanicus, patria Bisuntinus, patris Wad- ingi scriptor. " Then follows the date, as well as the note, and in a sort of eccentric arrangement of letters and umueriiL,
several books and M. SS. , par'aaps
formerly belonging to the Franciscan College, Loa- vain. An Irish friar, it is said, removed these
literary treasures. See
"
Proceedings of
the Royal Irish Academy," vol. vi. , pp.
"Hunc librum magno conscripsi
INTRODUCriON. Ivii
served there, but ultimately some were removed to St. Isidore's Franciscan Convent, Rome, while others were transferred to the Bur^^undian Library,
Bruxelles. Itisprobable,thatsomeweresentelsewhere,"-*andmanyarepos- sibly lost. During the last century, the Irish Franciscans abandoned their historic convent of St. Anthony, and left Louvain.
The library of the Irish Franciscans, at St. Isidore's Convent, Rome,
had been assigned as one to be specially consulted by the Congregation of Sacred Rites, in reference to the canonization of saints. The illustrious Franciscan Father Luke Wadding engaged his nephew Father Francis Harold
"
Index Sanctorum" of all holy men, known to have existed to that time, and from the earliest ages, in every countryontheglobe. "s Undertheirrespectivenames,referenceswereto be given to various writers in the Isidore Library, who treated about them. Thiswasmethodicallyperformed. Thevariousslipswerestrungonthreads, and when this task had been laboriously accomplished by Harold, a com- petent scribe was ready to transfer to their proper double columns, those names and references, into two large and very thick folio paper volumes. Pope Alexander '^li. , who saw this M3. , was greatly pleased with the per- formance. "^ These manuscripts are bound in vellum, but unfortunately some pages of the second volume have been nibbled through by mice. "' The first volume contains 794 written pages, as the writer has counted them ; it commences with the letter A, and the word Aaron, while it ends with the letter H, and the word Hypatii. The second volume has 836 written pages,
as counted ; it commences with the letter I, and the word lachelinse, while it ends with the letter Z, and the word Zozimi. On an average, each page, in both volumes, contains ten to twelve names. Many of these belong to Irish saints, and hence its value for purposes of reference must be apparent. "^
This transcript of Harold's notes appears to have been finished in 1647. "' AWatenbrdmm,namedJohnHartrey, becameaCistercianMonkin the Abbey of Nucale, in Spain, where in religion he took the name of Francis.
He returned to Ireland and resided in the Abbey of Holy Cross, county of
95» 96, 106.
"S Wadding ordered a copy to be made crede labore ego loannes Thierry incola
for himself.
"' See Harold's "Vita Fr. Lucjb Wad-
dingi," cap. Ivi. , p. 43, prefixed to his "Epitome Annalium^ Ordinis Minorum. "
page :
Iviii
INTRODUC2I0N.
Tipperary.
In the
year 1640,
he commenced a
work, intituled,
"
Chronologica de Csenobio S. Crucis, Sacrae Ordinis Cistertiensis in Hibernia ;
in quibus plura a salutifero S. Crucis ligno patrata Miracula, aliaque memo-
ratu desiderata illustrantur. "'3o it ^as a small folio MS. on vellum, toler-
ably well adorned and illuminated. It had a preface, dedication and com-
mendatory verses prefixed, as if intended for publication. In 1649, he wrote
"
another work,
Hibernorum Cislertientium," the running title of which was " De Cistertien- tium viris illustribus. " It was also written on vellum. In the year 1733, Walter Harris had a loan of these tracts, bound together, from the officiating parish priest of Holy Cross Parish. 's^ Richard Archdeacon, born in Kil- kenny A. D. 1619, was a learned member of the Society of Jesus, and besides his theological works '3^ he wrote " Vitse et Miraculorum S. Patricii Hibernise Apostoli Epitome," published at Louvain, a. d. 1671. '33 He died at Antwerp, about 1 690. ^34
Among the most learned men of his age must ever be ranked James Ussher, who was born in Dublin, a. d. 1580, who was educated in the newly founded Trinity College, and who afterwards became successively Protestant
BishopofMeath,andArchbishopofArmagh. Passingoverhisotherliterary labours, as irrelevant to our scope, we must especially notice the valuable mass of material for the diligent investigator of earlier Irish records in his " Veterum Epistolarum Hibernicarum Sylloge,"'35 and in his " Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates. " '33 These works throw great light on the early history of the British and Irish Churches, and they have been frequently ex- amined and quoted for our purpose. Certain theories and inferences, which had their origin, rather in the peculiar bias of this celebrated writer's mind, thaninaperfectconceptionorarrayoffacts,mustbedoubted. Incidents connected with the establishment and progress of Christianity in our island, and illustrating our national saints' acts, have been confined, for the most part,totheconcludingchaptersofhiswork. Theybearonlyaminorpro- portion of historic data to his previous chapters. The appended Chronolo- gical Index is exceedingly valuable, and it has been so arranged as to afford great assistance to the student or compiler of our earlier ecclesiastical annals.
Considering the want of ready guidance and the period when Ussher was
'30 On the 2ist of July, 1752, this work »33 in 8vo shape,
was in possession of Rev. John Dorrony, '34 See some particulars regarding him Parish Priest of Holy Cross, as stated by in Rev. George Oliver's "Collections
Synopsis nonnullorum Sanctorum illustriumq ; Monachorum
the Most Rev. James Butler, Archbishop, in his Visitation Book of the Archdiocese. See
Limerick Reporter of February i8th, 1873.
towards illustrating the Biography of the Scotch, English, and Irish Members of the
Society of Jesus," p. 213.
'3S PubUshed at Dublin in 1653, as a thin
quarto.
'3* This was first published in Dublin A. D.
1639 in 410 shape, and afterwards as a folio volume iu London A. D. 16S7.
"
ters of Ireland," book i. , chap, xiv. , p. 125.
"
'3* Sec
tatis Jesu," &c. , a Nathanaele Sotvello, ejusdem Societatis Fresbytero, p. 71S.
'3» See Harris' Ware. Vol. iii. ,
Wri-
Bibliotheca Scriptorum Socie-
Triumphalia
INTRODUCTION. llx
enabled to print this volume, sound and critical judgment exercised through- out his entire work must always make it be regarded as a truly researchful ac- cession to our historical literature. It has preserved for us, likewise, many important particulars regarding this island's early state, and which might not otherwise be transmitted to our time. It may almost seem uncalled for to express an opinion, that with better care and greater revision bestowed on his great work, Ussher might have corrected many errors, digested more care- fully abundant disposable materials, and improved its style or arrangement, in a great variety of instances. When objectionable remarks must be re* futed, in subsequent pages of these volumes, special examination and obser- vationsaremade,inaccordwiththedesignandscopeofourwork. Besides his great volume, Ussher's smaller treatises, in which he has preserved a col- lection of ancient pieces, on matters connected with Ireland's ecclesiastical
history,areveryinteresting,althoughofsomewhatlesserimportance. These relate to the condition and habits of the early Irish. '3? After an extremely
chequered career, Ussher died at Rygate, Surrey, on the 21st of March, a. d.
1655, in his seventy-sixth year, and he was buried in Henry Seventh's Chapel, Westminster Abbey. '^s
Not less were those services rendered to our history and antiquities, in that century, by the learned, honest and painstaking Sir James Ware, who was bom in Castle-street, Dublin, a. d. 1594. Educated in Trinity College, he soon became a distinguished and diligent student, as also a great collector of records and manuscripts, both in Ireland and in England. In 1626, he
"
published at Dublin, a tract,'39 intituled,
et Tuamensium Vitae, duobus expressae Commentariis. " Again, in 1828, he
Archiepiscoporum Cassiliensium " De Praesulibus sive Provinciae Liber unus. "'*°
issued, Lageniae,
Dubliniensis,
Under the more
" De Praesulibus
he included both
Hibernise,"
caused much interruption to his historic pursuits for some years. His work, " De Hibernia et Antiquitatibus ejus Disquisitiones," appeared at London,
general title,
theforegoingtreatises,inonebook. In1639,hepublished,"DeScriptoribus Hibernis. " Libri Duo. Prior continet Scriptores in Hibernia natos; Pos- terior Scriptores alios, qui in Hibernia munera aliqua obierunt. '*^ The dis- turbed state of affairs, his official situation, in Ireland, and exile abroad,
'37 A very complete edition of Ussher's works, in seventeen octavo volumes, edited by Dr. £lrington, has been issued from the University Press, at Trinity College, Dublin. A life is prefixed. This edition issued be- tween A. D. 1847 and 1864.
Bishop of Armagh, Primate and Metropoli' tan of all Ireland. " Parr wras chaplain and literary executor for Ussher, at the time of his death. This edition is illustrated with a collection of 300 letters between the Pri- mate and some of the most eminent of his
'3^ His life has been written by his chap- contemporaries at home and abroad. It
lain Dr. Nicholas Bernard, and by Dr. was published at London, in folio, A. D. Thomas Smith of Oxford. The life of 1686.
'^' This was published in quarto shape at
Archbishop Ussher, by Dr. Richard Parr,
his chaplain, is the Inography best known.
It is intituled, "Life of the Most Reverend
Father in God, James Usher, late Lord Dublin.
'^9 in quarto shape, '*"' In quarto size.
ix introduction:
A. D. 1654. '''' He published a second, or corrected, and an enlarged edition of this work, at London, a. d. 1658. '43 in the year 1656, he published the
works ascribed to St. under this Patrick,
"
Sancto
qui Hibernos ad Fidera Christi convertit Adscripta, in lucem emisit, et notis illustravit," Jacobus Waraeus, Eques auratus. '** At the Restoration of Charles II. , Sir James Ware returned to Ireland. He published some
pieces
of the Venerable
Bede,
under this
title,
Epistolse duae; necnon Vitae Abbatum Wiremuthensium et Gerwiensiura.
Accessit Egberti, Archiepiscopi Eboracensis, Dialogus de Ecclesiastica In-
stitutione ; ex Antiquis MS. in lucem emisit et Notis ad Rem Historicam et
Antiquariam spectandbus illustravit," Jacobus Waraeus, Eques auratus. ^^s
This same year, he published, "Rerum Hibernicarum Annales Regnantibus
Henrico VII. , Henrico VIII. , Edwardo VI. et Maria, ab anno (scil. ) Domini
1485 ad Annum 1558. " »46 Lastly, he issued at Dublin, a. d. 1665, the folio
volume "DePraesulibusHiberniaeCommentarius aPrimaGentis intituled, ;
Hibernicae ad Fidem Christianara Conversione, ad nostra usque Tempora. '' Sir James Ware always kept an Irish scribe in his house to interpret and copy Irish documents. The celebrated antiquary and genealogist, Dudley Mac Firbis, served him in that office, at the time of his death. '^^ Tnis happened on the 1st of December, a. d. 1666, having just entered on his seventy-ihird year. At great expense, Sir James Ware collected several valuable Irish historical manuscripts. These fell into the hands of Earl Clarendon, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in the reign of James II. They were brought into England afterwards,andtheresoldtotheDukeofChandos. '*^ Amongtheworksal- ready enumerated, the lives of the bishops and writers of Ireland especially have afforded us no inconsiderable aid, as the Irish sainis are frequently ranked under either class. Sir James Ware's moderated judgment, impartiality, perspicuityofstyleandarrangementaregreatlytobeadmired. Atatime when Ireland's national literature had been consigned to manuscript, which could only be reproduced by much expense and exertion, Archbishop Ussher and Sir James Ware'*^ became Anglo-Irish historical pioneers, and but
'** In 8vo size. In this, too, he included a tract, previously published, "Caeaobia
"
Cistertientia Hibernise.
'43 It was issued in 8vo size. To it he
Annals of Henry Eighth's reign,
'^' An account of this learned Irish scho*
lar and his writings will be found in Pro-
*'
Lectures on the Manu- script Materials of Ancient Irish History," Henrico Vil. Annales nunc primum in lect. vi. , pp. 120 to 130. See, likewise,
added, " Rerum Hibernicarum Regnante
lucem editi. "
'*• Issued in London, 8vo. See Thomas
D'Arcy M'Gee's" Gallery of Irish Writers,"
Thomas
D'Arcy
M'Gee's " of Irish Gallery
Writers," pp. 103 to iii.
'« "
See Harris' Ware. Vol. iii. , Wri-
ters of Ireland," book i.
