1893),
his greatest work.
his greatest work.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
29,
1779; died Oct. 20, 1822, at Heidelberg, where
he was professor of philology, in succession
to his father. He was a warm friend of Jean
Paul Richter, and his literary executor. He
completed his father's translation of Æschy-
lus (1826); this work, as also the "Corre-
spondence between Heinrich Voss and Jean
Paul' and Communications regarding Goethe
and Schiller, in Letters by Heinrich Voss,'
appeared after his death.
Voss, Isaak V. , son of Gerhard J. ; born at
Leyden, 1618; died at Windsor, England, where
he held a canonry, Feb. 21, 1689. Among his
writings are : (The Seventy Interpreters : Their
Translation and Their Chronology) (1661); “Of
the Singing of Poems and the Power of Rhythm)
(1653); (A Book of Various Observations)
(1685).
Voss, Johann Heinrich. A German poet;
born in Sommersdorf, Mecklenburg, Feb. 20,
1751; died at Heidelberg, March 29, 1826. His
principal original work is the idyl (Luise,
published in complete form in 1795. His fame
is based principally, however, upon his trans-
lations of the classical writers, particularly of
Homer. He translated the Odyssey (1781);
the Niad, together with a revised version of
the Odyssey (1793) ; Virgil (1799) ; Horace and
Hesiod (1806); Theocritus, Bion, and Mos-
chus (1808 ); Tibullus (1810); Aristophanes
( 1821). He is also the author of a number of
lyrical poems. His complete poetical works
were published in Leipsic, 1835.
Voss, Julius von. A German story-writer;
born at Brandenburg, Aug. 24, 1768; died at
Berlin, Nov. 1, 1832. His rapidity of literary
production was almost without a parallel. His
best story is (The Schildburger) (The Fool-
townite: 1823). He wrote a great many com-
edies, farces, and satirical parodies. In (The
Strahlow Haul of Fish) (1822), a popular
piece with songs, in the Berlin patois, he gives
the first example of the Berlinese farce.
Voss, Richard. A German poet; born at
Neugrape in Pomerania, Sept. 2, 1851. Among
his dramatic compositions are: Savonarola
(1878); Magda) (1879); “The Patrician Dame)
(1881); Luigia Sanfelice) (1882); Father Mo-
destus) (1883); ( The Czar's Moor) (1883), after
a fragment by Pushkin ; (Woe to the Besieged)
(1889); (Eve) (1889); Betwixt Two Hearts)
(1893); (At Sedan (1895). In narrative verse
he wrote : (A Hill Asylum (1882); (Roman
Village Tales) (1884); Messalina(1881).
Among his novels are: Life Tragedy of an
Actress) (1883); (The New Romans) (1885);
(Children of the South) (1888); “Villa Falco-
nieri) (1895). He excels in description of Italian
lowly life.
Vraz, Stanko (fräch). A Croatian poet; born
at Zerovec in Lower Styria, June 30, 1810; died
at Agram, May 24, 1851. Among his works
are: a collection of Slovenian folk-songs from
Styria, Ukraine, Carinthia, and Western Hun-
gary (1839); and (Rose-Apples) (1840), a collec-
tion of love-songs.
Vulpius, Christian August (völ’pe-us). A
German writer; born in Weimar, 1762 ; died in
1827. He was a brother-in-law of Goethe, under
whose direction he became secretary of the
court theatre at Weimar. He published: (Ri-
naldo Rinaldini? (1799), a robber romance;
( Dramatic Histories of Former Times); and
a number of dramatic works. He was sub-
sequently first librarian and overseer of the
cabinet of coins at Weimar.
W
>
Waagen, Gustav Friedrich (vä'gen). A
German historian of art; born at Hamburg,
Feb. II, 1794; died at Copenhagen, July 15,
1868. He wrote: (Art Works and Artists of
England and Paris ) (3 vols. , 1837–39); Art
Works and Artists of Germany) (2 vols. , 1843-
45); “The Treasures of Art in Great Britain)
(3 vols. , 1854); "The Most Notable Art Monu-
ments in Vienna' (2 vols. , 1866–67); (The Col-
lection of Paintings in the Imperial Hermitage
at St. Petersburg (1867).
Wace, Robert. A Norman-French trouvère,
calling himself simply Master Wace; born in
the island of Jersey about 1120; died about
1180. His celebrated works are two long ro-
mances, the Roman de Brut (Brutus), and
the (Roman de Rou) (Rollo), both in Norman
French. The Roman de Brut) is in octosyl-
labic couplets, is presumably founded on Geof.
frey of Monmouth's chronicle, and is of com-
manding literary importance as the source, or
supposed source, from which many subsequent
## p. 554 (#570) ############################################
554
WACHENHUFEN – WAGNER
poets drew their Merlin and King Arthur tales.
The Roman de Rou,' mostly octosyllabic also,
is a chronicle of the Norman dukes.
Wachenhufen, Hans (väch'en-hö-fen). A
German miscellaneous writer; born at Treves,
Dec. 31, 1827. He is author of: (The New
Paris) (1855); Pictures of Travel in Spain
(1857); Journal of the Austro-Italian War)
(1859); Crescent and Double Eagle) (1860);
(Rome and Sahara,' a novel (3d ed. 1867);
(Paris Photographs' (1868); (The Poor Egyp-
tian Man (1871). Among his numerous sto-
ries are: The Heart's Golgotha'; (Only a
Woman); (A Woman's Guilt.
Wachler, Johann Friedrich Ludwig (väch'.
ler). A German historian of literature ; born at
Gotha, April 15, 1767; died at Breslau, April 4,
1838. His principal writings are : (Manual of the
History of Literary Culture) (2 vols. , 1804-5);
(Lectures on the History of German Literature)
(2 vols. , 1818-19); History of Historical Re-
search and Art from the Renaissance) (2 vols. ,
1812–20).
Wachsmuth, Ernst Wilhelm Gottlieb
(vächs'möt). A German historian; born at
Hildesheim, Dec. 28, 1784; died at Leipsic, Jan.
23, 1866. Among his works are: (Outline of a
Theory of History) (1820); 'Hellenic Antiquity)
(4 vols. , 1826–30); History of European Morals)
(5 vols. , 1831-39); History of the Age of the
Revolution (4 vols. , 1846-48); History of Ger-
man Nationality) (3 vols. , 1860-62).
Wachsmuth, Kurt. A German antiquarian;
born at Naumburg on the Saale, April 27, 1837.
He became professor at Marburg in 1864, and
at Leipsic in 1886. His principal works are:
(Timon the Phliasian, and Other Greek Satir-
ists) (1859); (The Doctrine of the Stoics on
Divination and Dæmons) (1860); (Old Greece
in the New) (1864); (The City of Athens in
Antiquity) (2 vols. , 1874-90); (Introduction to
the Study of Ancient Poetry) (1895).
Wackenroder, Wilhelm Heinrich (väk'en-
rõder). A German miscellaneous writer; born
at Berlin, 1773; died there, Feb. 13, 1798. His
works are: (Heart Outpourings of an Art-
Loving Friar) (1797), written in collaboration
with Ludwig Tieck, and received with great
favor by the German artists at Rome; (Franz
Sternbald's Wanderings (1798); "Fantasias on
Art) (1799).
Wackernagel, Jakob (väk'er-nä-gel). A
Swiss philologist; born at Basle, Dec. II, 1853.
He became professor of Greek language and
literature in the University of Basle, 1881. He
wrote: (Origin of Brahmanism) (1877); (The
Study of Classical Antiquity in Switzerland)
(1891); "Palæ-Indian Grammar) (1890).
Wackernagel, Wilhelm. A Swiss linguist
and antiquarian; born at Berlin, April 23,
1806; died Dec. 21, 1869, at Basle, where he
was professor of German language and lit-
erature. His principal writings are : (German
Dictionary) (5th ed, 1878); History of Ger-
man Literature) (1848–55); (Land Laws of the
Schwabenspiegel (1840); (Old German Ser.
mons and Prayers) (1876): (The Little Book
of Wine (1845); and other volumes of poems.
Waddington, William Henry (wod'ing-ton;
F. pron. va-dan-tôn”). A French diplomat,
statesman, and archæologist; born of English
parentage at St. Remi in Eure-et-Loir, Dec.
II, 1826; died at Paris, Jan. 13, 1894. He was
ambassador to England, 1883-93. Among his
writings are: (Travels in Asia Minor in the In-
terest of Numismatics) (1852); (Archæological
Travels in Greece and Asia Minor) (6 vols. ,
1847-77); (Greek and Latin Inscriptions from
Syria' (1870).
Wade, Thomas. An English poet; born in
1805; died Sept. 19, 1875. He was an advanced
Liberal. His chief works are: (Tasso and the
Sisters) (1825); (Woman's Love) (played at
Covent Garden in 1828, and published in 1829);
(The Jew of Arragon) (1830), a tragedy;
Mundi et Cordis Carmina (1835), afterwards
reprinted under the English title, (Songs of
the Universe and Heart. The last-named con-
tained his best work.
Waechter, Karl Georg von (vech'ter). A
German jurist ; born at Marbach on the Neckar,
Dec. 24, 1797 ; died at Connewitz near Leipsic,
Jan. 15, 1880. He is author of: (Disquisitions
on Criminal Law) (1835); (The German Com-
mon Law, Especially Criminal Law) (1844);
a commentary on the Pandects) of the Jus-
tinian Code (2 parts, 1880-81).
Waechter, Oskar von. A German jurist and
publicist; son of Karl G. ; born at Tübingen,
April 29, 1825. He wrote: (Copyright Syste-
matically Laid Down according to the German
Common Law) (1875); (Copyright in Works of
Plastic Art, Photographs, etc. ) (1877); “Ency-
clopædia of the Laws of Exchange (1879-80);
(Vehmgericht and Witchcraft Trials) (1882);
(Old Gold in German Proverbs) (1883); Johann
Jakob Moser) (1885).
Wagenaar, Jan (vä'gen-är). A Dutch his-
torian; born at Amsterdam, Oct. 3, 1709; died
there, March 1773. His best-known work is
History of the Fatherland) (21 vols. , 1749-60):
the work reaches down to the year 1751. He
wrote also : (Description of the United Prov.
inces of the Netherlands) (12 vols. , 1739);
Description of Amsterdam (3 vols. , 1760-07).
Wagener, Hermann (vä'gen-er). A German
writer on political subjects; born at Segelitz
near Neu-Ruppin, March 8, 1815; died at Berlin,
April 22, 1889. He edited a Lexicon of the
State and Society) (23 vols. , 1858-67); and wrote
(The Policy of Frederick William IV. (1883);
(My Memoirs of the Periods between 1848 and
1866, and from 1873 till Now) (1884).
Wagner, Adolf (väg'ner). A German polit-
ical economist, son of Rudolf; born at Er-
langen, March 25, 1835. The more important
of his writings are: (Contributions to the Study
of Banking (1857); 'Abolition of Private Land-
ownership) (1870); Law in the Apparently
)
(
## p. 555 (#571) ############################################
WAGNER - WALCH
555
Arbitrary Doings Man (1864); ( Text-Book
of Political Economy, written in collaboration
with other economists (Vol. i. , 1876; Vol. vii. ,
(Finance, 1880), in which he upholds socialistic
views, favoring State ownership of railways;
( The Science of Finance and State Socialism)
(1887); (My Conflict with the Baron von Stumm-
Halberg (1895), the last two in defense of
socialism.
Wagner, Ernst. A German novelist; born
at Rossdorf, Feb. 2, 1769; died at Meiningen,
Feb. 25, 1812. Among his more successful novels
are : (Willibald's Views of Life) (1804); "The
Traveling Painters) (1806); Isidora) (1814).
He wrote also Journeys from Abroad Home-
ward) (1808).
Wagner, Heinrich Leopold. A German
poet; born at Strasburg, Feb. 19, 1747 ; died
at Frankfort on the Main, March 4, 1779. He
wrote: Prometheus and Deucalion) (1775), a
farce ridiculing the critics who carped at Goe-
the's (Werther); (Voltaire on the Eve of his
Apotheosis,' a dramatic satire ( 1778 ); (Re-
pentance After the Act,' a drama (1775); “The
Child-Murderess,' a tragedy (1779).
Wagner, Hermann. A German geographer
and statistician, son of Rudolf; born at Er-
langen, June 23, 1840, Among his works are:
(The Earth's Population); (Wall Map of Ger-
many) (1879); (Text-Book of Geography) (2
vols. , 1894-95); “Methodical School Atlas) (6th
ed. 1895).
Wagner, Moritz. A German traveler and
naturalist, brother of Rudolf; born at Bayreuth,
Oct. 3, 1813; died by his own hand at Munich,
May 30, 1887. He traveled in Algeria, the coast-
lands of the Black Sea, the Caucasus, Armenia,
Kurdistan, Persia, North and Central America,
and the West Indies. Among his writings are :
(Travels in the Regency of Algiers) (3 vols. ,
1841); 'The Caucasus and the Land of the Cos-
sacks) (2 vols. , 1847); Journey to Colchis)
(1850); Journey to Ararat and the Armenian
Highlands) (1848); (Travels in Persia and in
the Land of the Kurds) (2 vols. , 1851); “Scien-
tific Travels in Tropical America) (1870); “The
Darwinian Theory, and the Law of Migration
of Organisms) (1868).
Wagner, Paul. A German agricultural chem-
ist; born at Liebenau in Hanover, March 7,
1843. He was named professor of agricultural
chemistry in the University of Darmstadt, 1881.
He is author of: (Text-Book of the Manufac-
ture of Manures) (1877); (Introduction to Ra.
tional Manuring with Phosphoric Acid) (1889);
4 Nitrate Manuring' (1892).
Wagner, Richard. The German musical
composer and poet; born in Leipsic, May 22,
1813; died in Venice, Italy, Feb. 13, 1883. In
addition to the musical compositions upon
which his fame is founded, he has written :
(The Judaic in Music) (1852); (Music of the
Future) (1860); (State and Religion (1864);
(Letters); etc.
Wagner, Rudolf. A distinguished German
physiologist and anthropologist ; born at Bay-
reuth, June 30, 1805; died May 13, 1864, at Göt-
tingen, where he had been professor since 1840.
Among his writings are: (Text-Book of Com-
parative Anatomy) (1834); (Text-Book of
Physiology) (1839); (Hand-Dictionary of Physi-
ology (4 vols. , 1842-53); (Creation of Man
and Soul Substance) (1854); (Of Knowledge
and Belief, with Special Reference to the Fu-
ture of the Soul (1854); (The Struggle Over
the Soul ( 1857 ); (Zoologico-Anthropological
Researches) (1861); Preliminary Studies to-
ward a Scientific Morphology and Physiology
of the Human Brain as an Organ of Soul)
(two parts, 1860-62).
Wahrmund, Adolf (vär'mönt). A German
Orientalist; born at Wiesbaden, June 10, 1827.
His principal works are : Hand-Dictionary of
the Arabic and German Languages) (3 vols. ,
1874-77); Poems) (1880);( Babylonianism, Juda-
ism, and Christianism (1882); (Practical Manual
of the Osmanli-Turkish Language) (2d ed. 1885);
(The Christian School and Judaism' (1885);
(Practical Manual of Modern Arabic) (3d ed.
1886); (The Law of Nomadism) (1887); (The
War of Civilization between Asia and Europe)
(1887); (Monsieur Jourdan, the Paris Botanist,
in the Kara-Bagh: A Comedy in Modern Per-
sian (1889); (Abhâsa: A Tragedy) (1890).
Waiblinger, Wilhelm Friedrich (vibʼling-er).
A German miscellaneous writer; born at Heil-
bronn, Nov. 21, 1804; died at Rome, Jan. 17,
1830. His tales, (Four Stories from Greece)
(1821), and (Three Days in the Nether World)
(1826); and his (Poems,' were received with
extraordinary favor. He wrote also : Pocket
Book of Italy and Greece) (1829); (The Britons
in Rome,' a humorous story (1844); (Poems
from Italy.
Waitz, Georg (vitz). A great German his.
torian; born at Flensburg, Oct. 9, 1813; died
at Berlin, May 24, 1886. He became professor
at Göttingen, 1849. Among his very numer-
ous writings are : (History of the Formation of
Germany) (8 vols. , 1843-78; revised ed.
1893),
his greatest work. The Life and Teaching
of Ulfilas) (1840 ); (Researches in German
History) (1862 ); (German Emperors from
Charlemagne to Maximilian ( 1872 ).
Waitz, Theodor. A distinguished German
psychologist and anthropologist ; born at Gotha,
March 17, 1821 ; died May 21, 1864, at Marburg.
His more notable works are: an edition of
Aristotle's (Organon' (2 vols. , 1844-46 ) ; (Prin-
ciples of Psychology) (1846); (Text-Book of
Psychology) (1849); (Anthropology of Savage
Peoples' (6 vols. , 1859-72), his greatest work;
" The North-American Indians' (1865).
Walch, Johann Georg (välch). A German
theological writer; born at Meiningen, June
17, 1093; died Jan. 13, 1775. Among his works
are : Patristic Library) (1770); Philosophical
Lexicon) (2 vols. , 1726); "Introduction to the
:
(
**
## p. 556 (#572) ############################################
WALCOTT
556
WALKER
:
Theological Sciences) ( 1747 ); an edition of
the (Works of Luther) (24 vols. , 1740-51 ).
Walcott, Charles Melton. An English actor
and dramatic writer; born in London, in 1815;
died in Philadelphia, in May 1868. Besides
being an excellent comedian, he has written
many plays, among which are :( The Course of
True Love) (1839); "Washington; or, Valley
Forge) (1842);'Edith) (1846); “ The Custom of
the Country) (1848); (The Haunted Man)
(1848); (David Copperfield) (1848); "Hoboken
(1849); (One Cast for Two Suits) (1854); (Hia-
watha) (1855); 'A Good Fellow) (1857). He
wrote the songs, My Love is a Sailor Boy)
and (My Own Little Rose. )
Waldau, Max (väl'dou), pseudonym of Rich-
ard Georg Spiller von Hauenschild. A German
poet; born in Breslau, March 24, 1822; died at
Tscheidt, Upper Silesia, Jan. 20, 1855. He early
rose to prominence through his scholarly at-
tainments, but as a poet he has made his
name known wherever German poetry is read.
(A Fairy Fable, Leaves in the Wind, and
(Rahab: Pictures of Bible Women,' are con-
spicuous among his volumes of verse. (Cor-
dula) is a poem admired for its rich metrical
effects. He also wrote (After Nature, a novel
that enjoyed quite a run.
Waldis, Burkard (väl'dis). A German rhym-
ing fabulist; born about 1490; died about 1557.
He was a Franciscan friar, but on returning
from a pilgrimage to Rome, embraced the
doctrines of Luther. He wrote a charming
drama in Low German, (The Parable of the
Prodigal Son); translated the Psalter into Ger-
man verse; and wrote Æsopus,' a collection of
about 400 rhymed fables and drolleries.
Waldmüller, Robert (väld'mėl-ler), pseu-
donym of Charles Édouard Duboc. A Ger-
man poet and miscellaneous writer; born in
Hamburg, Sept. 17, 1822. His best work is lil-
lage Idylls) (1800). Other works are : «Travel
Studies) (1860); (Sorrow and Joy, a romance
(1874); (Brunhild,' a drama (1874).
Waldo, Samuel Putnam. An American
writer and biographer; born in Connecticut in
1780; died in Hartford, Conn. , March 1826.
He wrote: (Narrative of a Tour of Observa-
tion by President Monroe) (1818); (Memoirs of
Andrew Jackson) (1820); Life of Stephen De-
catur) (1821); Biographical Sketches of Nich-
olas Biddle, Paul Jones, Edward Preble, and
Alexander Murray) (1823). He edited (Jour-
nal of the Brig Commerce upon the Western
Coast of Africa. )
Waldstein, Charles. An eminent American
archæologist and writer; born in New York
in 1856, and graduated at Columbia College.
He was for a time director of the Fitzwilliam
Museum at Cambridge, England, which position
he resigned in order to take the directorship of
the American School of Archäology at Athens.
While in this office he was a lecturer on Greek
anthology at Cambridge. He is now a fellow of
King's College, and a doctor and professor at
Cambridge University. He has written :'Exca-
vations at the Heraion of Argos); (The Balance
of Emotion and Intellect); Essays on the Art
of Phidias); (The Work of John Ruskin';
(Study of Art in Universities. '
Waldstein, Louis. An American author,
younger brother of Charles ; born in New York,
185-. He has written a notable book, (The
Subconscious Self (1897).
Walewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph Co-
lonna, Duke de (vä-lev'skē). A French states.
man; born at Walewice in Poland, May 4, 1810;
died at Strasburg, Sept. 27, 1868. He wrote: :(A
Word on the Question of Algiers) (1837); “The
English Alliance (1838); a comedy, (The
School of the World; or, The Coquette Without
Knowing it) (1849).
Walford, Mrs. Lucy Bethia. A British nor.
elist, essayist, and biographer; born in Scotland,
1845. She has contributed to Blackwood's Mag-
azine and other periodicals. She has written :
(Mr. Smith (new ed. 1875); 'Pauline) (last ed.
1885); “Cousins) (new ed. 1885); (Troublesome
Daughters) (new ed. 1885); Dick Netherby)
(new ed. 1885); (Four Biographies) (Jane Tay.
lor, Elizabeth Fry, Hannah More, and Mary
Somerville : 1888); “Her Great Idea, and Other
Stories) (1888); “Baby's Grandmother); etc.
Walker, Alexander Joseph. An Amer-
ican journalist and editor; born in Virginia in
1819; died in 1893. He successively edited
the New Orleans Delta, Times, Jeffersonian,
Herald, and Picayune, and subsequently the
Cincinnati Enquirer. He published Jackson
and New Orleans) (1856); Life of Andrew
Jackson"; "History of the Battle of Shiloh);
(Butler at New Orleans); and (Duelling in
Louisiana.
Walker, Amasa. An American reformer,
merchant, statesman, and political economist;
born at Woodstock, Conn. , May 4, 1799 ; died
at North Brookfield, Mass. , Oct. 29, 1875. He
was one of the editors of the Transactions
of the Agricultural Society of Massachusetts (7
vols. , 1848-54); and published his great work
on political economy, (The Science of Wealth,
in 1866.
Walker, Francis Amasa. An American sol-
dier, educator, and political economist; born
in Boston, July 2, 1840; died there, 1897.
He edited (Census Reports) (3 quarto vols. );
compiled a "Statistical Atlas of the United
States) (1874); and published (The Indian
Question (1874); (The Wages Question' (1876);
Money) (1878); Money, Trade, and Industry)
(1879); (Political Economy) (1883); “Land and
its Rent' (1883); (History of the Second Ammy
Corps) (1886); Life of General Winfield S.
Hancock) (1894); and (The Making of the
Nation (1895). He was president of the In-
stitute of Technology at Boston at the time of
his death.
Walker, George Leon. An American writer
and Congregational clergyman; born in 1830.
He has been pastor of a church in Hartford,
a
## p. 557 (#573) ############################################
WALKER-WALLACE
557
Conn. , since 1879, and has written : (History of
the First Church in Hartford' (1633–1883);
(Thomas Hooker, Preacher, Founder [of Con-
necticut), Democrat'; Aspects of the Religious
Life of New England. ?
Walker, James. A distinguished American
Unitarian divine and educator; born at Bur.
lington, Mass. , Aug. 16, 1794; died at Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Dec. 23, 1874. He was president
of Harvard University, 1853-60; and editor of
the Christian Examiner 1831-39. Besides ser-
mons and addresses, editing the works of Dugald
Stewart, Dr. Thomas Reid, etc. , he published
a Memoir of Josiah Quincy) (1867), and de-
livered lectures on Natural Religion) and
(The Philosophy of Religion. He was famous
as a pulpit orator.
Walker, James Barr. An American clergy-
man, journalist, and author; born in Philadel-
phia, July 29, 1805; died at Wheaton, Ill. , March
6, 1887. Besides editorial work, he has written
the following: (The Philosophy of the Plan
of Salvation (1855), a book which commanded
wide acceptance; (God Revealed in Nature
and in Christ) (1855); Philosophy of Scepti-
cism and Ultraism) (1857); (The Philosophy
of the Divine Operation in the Redemption of
Man) (1862); and (The Living Questions of
the Age) (1869).
Walker, John. 'An English actor, teacher,
lecturer, and dictionary-maker ; born at Colney
Hatch near London, March 18, 1732; died in
London, Aug. I, 1807. His books are a "Rhym-
ing Dictionary) (1775); ( Elements of Elocution)
(1781); (Rhetorical Grammar) (1785); and a
(Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor
of the English Language) (1791), which was
long the standard work of its class, running
through forty editions.
Walker, Mrs. Katharine Kent (Child). An
American story-writer and translator; born in
Pittsfield, Vt. , about 1840. She wrote a famous
article for the Atlantic Monthly on (The Total
Depravity of Inanimate Things) (Sept. , 1864);
and has published a version of Bunyan en-
titled Pilgrim's Progress for Children (1869);
(From the Crib to the Cross) (1869); and a
(Life of Christ) (1869).
Walker, William. An American adventurer;
born in Nashville, Tenn. , May 8, 1824; shot at
Trujillo, Honduras, Sept. 12, 1860. He studied
law in Nashville, and medicine in Germany. In
1850 he was an editor in California, and in 1853
organized an expedition against Sonora, Mexico,
but was defeated. He landed in Nicaragua in
1855 with 62 followers, captured the city of
Granada, and established a government; but
was driven from power and surrendered to the
U. S. government in May, 1857. In June 1860
he invaded Honduras, was captured, tried by
court-martial, and shot. He published (The
War in Nicaragua) (1860).
Walker, William Sidney. A British poet ;
born at Pembroke, Wales, Dec. 4, 1795; died in
London, Oct. 15, 1846. He was a fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge (1822-29), becom-
ing blind during that time. Besides translating
a Corpus Poetarum Latinorum) (Collection of
Latin Poets : new ed. 1854), he wrote (Gustavus
Vasa! (1813), an epic poem; (Shakspeare's
Versification (3d ed. 1859); (Critical Examina-
tion of the Text of Shakspeare) (3 vols. , 1859).
(Poetical Remains, with a memoir, appeared
in 1852.
Walker, Williston. An American clergy-
man and historical writer, son of George L. ;
born in Maine, 1860. He has been professor
of history in Hartford Theological Seminary
since 1880. His works include : (The Creeds
and Platforms of Congregationalism'; On
the Increase of Royal Power under Philip
Augustus); History of the Congregational
Church in the United States.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. A celebrated Eng-
lish naturalist; born at Usk in Monmouthshire,
Jan. 8, 1822. He traveled in Brazil, exploring
the Amazon and its tributaries ( 1848-52 ), and
on his return to England published “Travels
on the Amazon and Rio Negro) (1853). He
then visited the Malay archipelago, where he
spent nearly eight years. One of the fruits of
his researches there was the paper (On the
Tendencies of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely
from the Original Type,' which was published
almost simultaneously with Darwin's first an-
nouncement of his theory of natural selection.
(The Malay Archipelago,' 2 vols. , was pub-
lished 1869. He wrote also (On the Geograph-
ical Distribution of Animals) (2 vols. , 1876);
(Tropical Nature) (1878); Darwinism : An
Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection)
(1889). He is author also of Miracles and
Modern Spiritualism) (1875); (Land National-
ization: Its Necessity and Aims) (1882). *
Wallace, Horace Binney. An American
author and law editor; born in Philadelphia,
Feb. 26, 1817; died in Paris, Dec. 16, 1852. In
addition to contributing to literary periodicals,
he published anonymously a novel, “Stanley;
or, The Recollections of a Man of the World)
(1838); and edited, in conjunction with Judge
Hare, (American Leading Cases in Law) (2
vols. , 1847; 3d ed. 1852); Smith's Leading
Cases) (4th American ed. 2 vols. , 1852); and
White and Tudor's Leading Cases in Equity
(2d American ed. 3 vols. , 1852), all copiously
annotated. He helped Rufus W. Griswold in
his Napoleon and the Marshals of the Em-
pire) (2 vols. , 1847). Art and Scenery in
Europe, with Other Papers) (1855), and "Lit-
erary Criticisms, and Other Papers) (1856), are
posthumous publications.
Wallace, Lewis. An American general, law-
yer, and novelist; born at Brookville, Ind. ,
April 10, 1827. He served in the Mexican War
as lieutenant, and in the Civil War attained
the rank of major-general. He was Minister
to Turkey 1881-85. His works include: (The
Fair God) (1873); (Ben-Hur) (1880); (The
Life of Gen. Benjamin Harrison (1888);
(Commodus: A Tragedy' (1889); (The Boy.
## p. 558 (#574) ############################################
WALLACE – WALSH
558
)
hood of Christ) (1889); (The Prince of India
(1893). *
Wallace, Mrs. (Susan Arnold Elston). An
American descriptive and story writer, wife of
General Lewis Wallace; born at Crawfords-
ville, Ind. , 1830. Besides contributing to peri-
odicals and reviews, she has published: (The
Storied Sea) (1883); (Ginevra) (1886); (The
Land of the Pueblos) (1888); “The Repose in
Egypt (1888); etc.
Wallace, William Ross. An American law-
yer and poet; born in Kentucky, 1819; died in
1881. He has written: Perdita”; Alban);
(Meditations in America, and Other Poems. )
(The Liberty Bell) is his best-known poem.
Wallack, Lester (John). An American ac-
tor and manager, son of James William Wal-
lack, the actor and manager; born in New
York, Jan. 1, 1820; died in Stamford, Conn. ,
Sept. 6, 1888. He conducted Wallack's Theatre,
New York city, for twenty-four years. He was
identiñed with the American stage for more
than forty years; and on his retirement in May
1888, was the recipient of an unequaled dra-
matic testimonial. He wrote the plays (The
Veteran) and (Rosedale. His autobiography,
(Memoirs of Fifty Years,' was published the
year after his death.
Wallath, Wilhelm ( väl'lät ). A German
story-writer; born at Darmstadt, Oct. 6, 1856.
He wrote: (The King's Treasure House) (3
vols. , 1883); (Paris the Mime) (1886); “The
Gladiator) (1888); (Tiberius) (2 vols. , 1889);
(The Demon of Envy) (1889), «There Came
a Hoar Frost) (1893), Love's Fools' (1894),
three stories of modern life; and some dramas,
as (Countess Pusterla, John of Suabia,
(Marino Falieri, (The Sacrifice.
1779; died Oct. 20, 1822, at Heidelberg, where
he was professor of philology, in succession
to his father. He was a warm friend of Jean
Paul Richter, and his literary executor. He
completed his father's translation of Æschy-
lus (1826); this work, as also the "Corre-
spondence between Heinrich Voss and Jean
Paul' and Communications regarding Goethe
and Schiller, in Letters by Heinrich Voss,'
appeared after his death.
Voss, Isaak V. , son of Gerhard J. ; born at
Leyden, 1618; died at Windsor, England, where
he held a canonry, Feb. 21, 1689. Among his
writings are : (The Seventy Interpreters : Their
Translation and Their Chronology) (1661); “Of
the Singing of Poems and the Power of Rhythm)
(1653); (A Book of Various Observations)
(1685).
Voss, Johann Heinrich. A German poet;
born in Sommersdorf, Mecklenburg, Feb. 20,
1751; died at Heidelberg, March 29, 1826. His
principal original work is the idyl (Luise,
published in complete form in 1795. His fame
is based principally, however, upon his trans-
lations of the classical writers, particularly of
Homer. He translated the Odyssey (1781);
the Niad, together with a revised version of
the Odyssey (1793) ; Virgil (1799) ; Horace and
Hesiod (1806); Theocritus, Bion, and Mos-
chus (1808 ); Tibullus (1810); Aristophanes
( 1821). He is also the author of a number of
lyrical poems. His complete poetical works
were published in Leipsic, 1835.
Voss, Julius von. A German story-writer;
born at Brandenburg, Aug. 24, 1768; died at
Berlin, Nov. 1, 1832. His rapidity of literary
production was almost without a parallel. His
best story is (The Schildburger) (The Fool-
townite: 1823). He wrote a great many com-
edies, farces, and satirical parodies. In (The
Strahlow Haul of Fish) (1822), a popular
piece with songs, in the Berlin patois, he gives
the first example of the Berlinese farce.
Voss, Richard. A German poet; born at
Neugrape in Pomerania, Sept. 2, 1851. Among
his dramatic compositions are: Savonarola
(1878); Magda) (1879); “The Patrician Dame)
(1881); Luigia Sanfelice) (1882); Father Mo-
destus) (1883); ( The Czar's Moor) (1883), after
a fragment by Pushkin ; (Woe to the Besieged)
(1889); (Eve) (1889); Betwixt Two Hearts)
(1893); (At Sedan (1895). In narrative verse
he wrote : (A Hill Asylum (1882); (Roman
Village Tales) (1884); Messalina(1881).
Among his novels are: Life Tragedy of an
Actress) (1883); (The New Romans) (1885);
(Children of the South) (1888); “Villa Falco-
nieri) (1895). He excels in description of Italian
lowly life.
Vraz, Stanko (fräch). A Croatian poet; born
at Zerovec in Lower Styria, June 30, 1810; died
at Agram, May 24, 1851. Among his works
are: a collection of Slovenian folk-songs from
Styria, Ukraine, Carinthia, and Western Hun-
gary (1839); and (Rose-Apples) (1840), a collec-
tion of love-songs.
Vulpius, Christian August (völ’pe-us). A
German writer; born in Weimar, 1762 ; died in
1827. He was a brother-in-law of Goethe, under
whose direction he became secretary of the
court theatre at Weimar. He published: (Ri-
naldo Rinaldini? (1799), a robber romance;
( Dramatic Histories of Former Times); and
a number of dramatic works. He was sub-
sequently first librarian and overseer of the
cabinet of coins at Weimar.
W
>
Waagen, Gustav Friedrich (vä'gen). A
German historian of art; born at Hamburg,
Feb. II, 1794; died at Copenhagen, July 15,
1868. He wrote: (Art Works and Artists of
England and Paris ) (3 vols. , 1837–39); Art
Works and Artists of Germany) (2 vols. , 1843-
45); “The Treasures of Art in Great Britain)
(3 vols. , 1854); "The Most Notable Art Monu-
ments in Vienna' (2 vols. , 1866–67); (The Col-
lection of Paintings in the Imperial Hermitage
at St. Petersburg (1867).
Wace, Robert. A Norman-French trouvère,
calling himself simply Master Wace; born in
the island of Jersey about 1120; died about
1180. His celebrated works are two long ro-
mances, the Roman de Brut (Brutus), and
the (Roman de Rou) (Rollo), both in Norman
French. The Roman de Brut) is in octosyl-
labic couplets, is presumably founded on Geof.
frey of Monmouth's chronicle, and is of com-
manding literary importance as the source, or
supposed source, from which many subsequent
## p. 554 (#570) ############################################
554
WACHENHUFEN – WAGNER
poets drew their Merlin and King Arthur tales.
The Roman de Rou,' mostly octosyllabic also,
is a chronicle of the Norman dukes.
Wachenhufen, Hans (väch'en-hö-fen). A
German miscellaneous writer; born at Treves,
Dec. 31, 1827. He is author of: (The New
Paris) (1855); Pictures of Travel in Spain
(1857); Journal of the Austro-Italian War)
(1859); Crescent and Double Eagle) (1860);
(Rome and Sahara,' a novel (3d ed. 1867);
(Paris Photographs' (1868); (The Poor Egyp-
tian Man (1871). Among his numerous sto-
ries are: The Heart's Golgotha'; (Only a
Woman); (A Woman's Guilt.
Wachler, Johann Friedrich Ludwig (väch'.
ler). A German historian of literature ; born at
Gotha, April 15, 1767; died at Breslau, April 4,
1838. His principal writings are : (Manual of the
History of Literary Culture) (2 vols. , 1804-5);
(Lectures on the History of German Literature)
(2 vols. , 1818-19); History of Historical Re-
search and Art from the Renaissance) (2 vols. ,
1812–20).
Wachsmuth, Ernst Wilhelm Gottlieb
(vächs'möt). A German historian; born at
Hildesheim, Dec. 28, 1784; died at Leipsic, Jan.
23, 1866. Among his works are: (Outline of a
Theory of History) (1820); 'Hellenic Antiquity)
(4 vols. , 1826–30); History of European Morals)
(5 vols. , 1831-39); History of the Age of the
Revolution (4 vols. , 1846-48); History of Ger-
man Nationality) (3 vols. , 1860-62).
Wachsmuth, Kurt. A German antiquarian;
born at Naumburg on the Saale, April 27, 1837.
He became professor at Marburg in 1864, and
at Leipsic in 1886. His principal works are:
(Timon the Phliasian, and Other Greek Satir-
ists) (1859); (The Doctrine of the Stoics on
Divination and Dæmons) (1860); (Old Greece
in the New) (1864); (The City of Athens in
Antiquity) (2 vols. , 1874-90); (Introduction to
the Study of Ancient Poetry) (1895).
Wackenroder, Wilhelm Heinrich (väk'en-
rõder). A German miscellaneous writer; born
at Berlin, 1773; died there, Feb. 13, 1798. His
works are: (Heart Outpourings of an Art-
Loving Friar) (1797), written in collaboration
with Ludwig Tieck, and received with great
favor by the German artists at Rome; (Franz
Sternbald's Wanderings (1798); "Fantasias on
Art) (1799).
Wackernagel, Jakob (väk'er-nä-gel). A
Swiss philologist; born at Basle, Dec. II, 1853.
He became professor of Greek language and
literature in the University of Basle, 1881. He
wrote: (Origin of Brahmanism) (1877); (The
Study of Classical Antiquity in Switzerland)
(1891); "Palæ-Indian Grammar) (1890).
Wackernagel, Wilhelm. A Swiss linguist
and antiquarian; born at Berlin, April 23,
1806; died Dec. 21, 1869, at Basle, where he
was professor of German language and lit-
erature. His principal writings are : (German
Dictionary) (5th ed, 1878); History of Ger-
man Literature) (1848–55); (Land Laws of the
Schwabenspiegel (1840); (Old German Ser.
mons and Prayers) (1876): (The Little Book
of Wine (1845); and other volumes of poems.
Waddington, William Henry (wod'ing-ton;
F. pron. va-dan-tôn”). A French diplomat,
statesman, and archæologist; born of English
parentage at St. Remi in Eure-et-Loir, Dec.
II, 1826; died at Paris, Jan. 13, 1894. He was
ambassador to England, 1883-93. Among his
writings are: (Travels in Asia Minor in the In-
terest of Numismatics) (1852); (Archæological
Travels in Greece and Asia Minor) (6 vols. ,
1847-77); (Greek and Latin Inscriptions from
Syria' (1870).
Wade, Thomas. An English poet; born in
1805; died Sept. 19, 1875. He was an advanced
Liberal. His chief works are: (Tasso and the
Sisters) (1825); (Woman's Love) (played at
Covent Garden in 1828, and published in 1829);
(The Jew of Arragon) (1830), a tragedy;
Mundi et Cordis Carmina (1835), afterwards
reprinted under the English title, (Songs of
the Universe and Heart. The last-named con-
tained his best work.
Waechter, Karl Georg von (vech'ter). A
German jurist ; born at Marbach on the Neckar,
Dec. 24, 1797 ; died at Connewitz near Leipsic,
Jan. 15, 1880. He is author of: (Disquisitions
on Criminal Law) (1835); (The German Com-
mon Law, Especially Criminal Law) (1844);
a commentary on the Pandects) of the Jus-
tinian Code (2 parts, 1880-81).
Waechter, Oskar von. A German jurist and
publicist; son of Karl G. ; born at Tübingen,
April 29, 1825. He wrote: (Copyright Syste-
matically Laid Down according to the German
Common Law) (1875); (Copyright in Works of
Plastic Art, Photographs, etc. ) (1877); “Ency-
clopædia of the Laws of Exchange (1879-80);
(Vehmgericht and Witchcraft Trials) (1882);
(Old Gold in German Proverbs) (1883); Johann
Jakob Moser) (1885).
Wagenaar, Jan (vä'gen-är). A Dutch his-
torian; born at Amsterdam, Oct. 3, 1709; died
there, March 1773. His best-known work is
History of the Fatherland) (21 vols. , 1749-60):
the work reaches down to the year 1751. He
wrote also : (Description of the United Prov.
inces of the Netherlands) (12 vols. , 1739);
Description of Amsterdam (3 vols. , 1760-07).
Wagener, Hermann (vä'gen-er). A German
writer on political subjects; born at Segelitz
near Neu-Ruppin, March 8, 1815; died at Berlin,
April 22, 1889. He edited a Lexicon of the
State and Society) (23 vols. , 1858-67); and wrote
(The Policy of Frederick William IV. (1883);
(My Memoirs of the Periods between 1848 and
1866, and from 1873 till Now) (1884).
Wagner, Adolf (väg'ner). A German polit-
ical economist, son of Rudolf; born at Er-
langen, March 25, 1835. The more important
of his writings are: (Contributions to the Study
of Banking (1857); 'Abolition of Private Land-
ownership) (1870); Law in the Apparently
)
(
## p. 555 (#571) ############################################
WAGNER - WALCH
555
Arbitrary Doings Man (1864); ( Text-Book
of Political Economy, written in collaboration
with other economists (Vol. i. , 1876; Vol. vii. ,
(Finance, 1880), in which he upholds socialistic
views, favoring State ownership of railways;
( The Science of Finance and State Socialism)
(1887); (My Conflict with the Baron von Stumm-
Halberg (1895), the last two in defense of
socialism.
Wagner, Ernst. A German novelist; born
at Rossdorf, Feb. 2, 1769; died at Meiningen,
Feb. 25, 1812. Among his more successful novels
are : (Willibald's Views of Life) (1804); "The
Traveling Painters) (1806); Isidora) (1814).
He wrote also Journeys from Abroad Home-
ward) (1808).
Wagner, Heinrich Leopold. A German
poet; born at Strasburg, Feb. 19, 1747 ; died
at Frankfort on the Main, March 4, 1779. He
wrote: Prometheus and Deucalion) (1775), a
farce ridiculing the critics who carped at Goe-
the's (Werther); (Voltaire on the Eve of his
Apotheosis,' a dramatic satire ( 1778 ); (Re-
pentance After the Act,' a drama (1775); “The
Child-Murderess,' a tragedy (1779).
Wagner, Hermann. A German geographer
and statistician, son of Rudolf; born at Er-
langen, June 23, 1840, Among his works are:
(The Earth's Population); (Wall Map of Ger-
many) (1879); (Text-Book of Geography) (2
vols. , 1894-95); “Methodical School Atlas) (6th
ed. 1895).
Wagner, Moritz. A German traveler and
naturalist, brother of Rudolf; born at Bayreuth,
Oct. 3, 1813; died by his own hand at Munich,
May 30, 1887. He traveled in Algeria, the coast-
lands of the Black Sea, the Caucasus, Armenia,
Kurdistan, Persia, North and Central America,
and the West Indies. Among his writings are :
(Travels in the Regency of Algiers) (3 vols. ,
1841); 'The Caucasus and the Land of the Cos-
sacks) (2 vols. , 1847); Journey to Colchis)
(1850); Journey to Ararat and the Armenian
Highlands) (1848); (Travels in Persia and in
the Land of the Kurds) (2 vols. , 1851); “Scien-
tific Travels in Tropical America) (1870); “The
Darwinian Theory, and the Law of Migration
of Organisms) (1868).
Wagner, Paul. A German agricultural chem-
ist; born at Liebenau in Hanover, March 7,
1843. He was named professor of agricultural
chemistry in the University of Darmstadt, 1881.
He is author of: (Text-Book of the Manufac-
ture of Manures) (1877); (Introduction to Ra.
tional Manuring with Phosphoric Acid) (1889);
4 Nitrate Manuring' (1892).
Wagner, Richard. The German musical
composer and poet; born in Leipsic, May 22,
1813; died in Venice, Italy, Feb. 13, 1883. In
addition to the musical compositions upon
which his fame is founded, he has written :
(The Judaic in Music) (1852); (Music of the
Future) (1860); (State and Religion (1864);
(Letters); etc.
Wagner, Rudolf. A distinguished German
physiologist and anthropologist ; born at Bay-
reuth, June 30, 1805; died May 13, 1864, at Göt-
tingen, where he had been professor since 1840.
Among his writings are: (Text-Book of Com-
parative Anatomy) (1834); (Text-Book of
Physiology) (1839); (Hand-Dictionary of Physi-
ology (4 vols. , 1842-53); (Creation of Man
and Soul Substance) (1854); (Of Knowledge
and Belief, with Special Reference to the Fu-
ture of the Soul (1854); (The Struggle Over
the Soul ( 1857 ); (Zoologico-Anthropological
Researches) (1861); Preliminary Studies to-
ward a Scientific Morphology and Physiology
of the Human Brain as an Organ of Soul)
(two parts, 1860-62).
Wahrmund, Adolf (vär'mönt). A German
Orientalist; born at Wiesbaden, June 10, 1827.
His principal works are : Hand-Dictionary of
the Arabic and German Languages) (3 vols. ,
1874-77); Poems) (1880);( Babylonianism, Juda-
ism, and Christianism (1882); (Practical Manual
of the Osmanli-Turkish Language) (2d ed. 1885);
(The Christian School and Judaism' (1885);
(Practical Manual of Modern Arabic) (3d ed.
1886); (The Law of Nomadism) (1887); (The
War of Civilization between Asia and Europe)
(1887); (Monsieur Jourdan, the Paris Botanist,
in the Kara-Bagh: A Comedy in Modern Per-
sian (1889); (Abhâsa: A Tragedy) (1890).
Waiblinger, Wilhelm Friedrich (vibʼling-er).
A German miscellaneous writer; born at Heil-
bronn, Nov. 21, 1804; died at Rome, Jan. 17,
1830. His tales, (Four Stories from Greece)
(1821), and (Three Days in the Nether World)
(1826); and his (Poems,' were received with
extraordinary favor. He wrote also : Pocket
Book of Italy and Greece) (1829); (The Britons
in Rome,' a humorous story (1844); (Poems
from Italy.
Waitz, Georg (vitz). A great German his.
torian; born at Flensburg, Oct. 9, 1813; died
at Berlin, May 24, 1886. He became professor
at Göttingen, 1849. Among his very numer-
ous writings are : (History of the Formation of
Germany) (8 vols. , 1843-78; revised ed.
1893),
his greatest work. The Life and Teaching
of Ulfilas) (1840 ); (Researches in German
History) (1862 ); (German Emperors from
Charlemagne to Maximilian ( 1872 ).
Waitz, Theodor. A distinguished German
psychologist and anthropologist ; born at Gotha,
March 17, 1821 ; died May 21, 1864, at Marburg.
His more notable works are: an edition of
Aristotle's (Organon' (2 vols. , 1844-46 ) ; (Prin-
ciples of Psychology) (1846); (Text-Book of
Psychology) (1849); (Anthropology of Savage
Peoples' (6 vols. , 1859-72), his greatest work;
" The North-American Indians' (1865).
Walch, Johann Georg (välch). A German
theological writer; born at Meiningen, June
17, 1093; died Jan. 13, 1775. Among his works
are : Patristic Library) (1770); Philosophical
Lexicon) (2 vols. , 1726); "Introduction to the
:
(
**
## p. 556 (#572) ############################################
WALCOTT
556
WALKER
:
Theological Sciences) ( 1747 ); an edition of
the (Works of Luther) (24 vols. , 1740-51 ).
Walcott, Charles Melton. An English actor
and dramatic writer; born in London, in 1815;
died in Philadelphia, in May 1868. Besides
being an excellent comedian, he has written
many plays, among which are :( The Course of
True Love) (1839); "Washington; or, Valley
Forge) (1842);'Edith) (1846); “ The Custom of
the Country) (1848); (The Haunted Man)
(1848); (David Copperfield) (1848); "Hoboken
(1849); (One Cast for Two Suits) (1854); (Hia-
watha) (1855); 'A Good Fellow) (1857). He
wrote the songs, My Love is a Sailor Boy)
and (My Own Little Rose. )
Waldau, Max (väl'dou), pseudonym of Rich-
ard Georg Spiller von Hauenschild. A German
poet; born in Breslau, March 24, 1822; died at
Tscheidt, Upper Silesia, Jan. 20, 1855. He early
rose to prominence through his scholarly at-
tainments, but as a poet he has made his
name known wherever German poetry is read.
(A Fairy Fable, Leaves in the Wind, and
(Rahab: Pictures of Bible Women,' are con-
spicuous among his volumes of verse. (Cor-
dula) is a poem admired for its rich metrical
effects. He also wrote (After Nature, a novel
that enjoyed quite a run.
Waldis, Burkard (väl'dis). A German rhym-
ing fabulist; born about 1490; died about 1557.
He was a Franciscan friar, but on returning
from a pilgrimage to Rome, embraced the
doctrines of Luther. He wrote a charming
drama in Low German, (The Parable of the
Prodigal Son); translated the Psalter into Ger-
man verse; and wrote Æsopus,' a collection of
about 400 rhymed fables and drolleries.
Waldmüller, Robert (väld'mėl-ler), pseu-
donym of Charles Édouard Duboc. A Ger-
man poet and miscellaneous writer; born in
Hamburg, Sept. 17, 1822. His best work is lil-
lage Idylls) (1800). Other works are : «Travel
Studies) (1860); (Sorrow and Joy, a romance
(1874); (Brunhild,' a drama (1874).
Waldo, Samuel Putnam. An American
writer and biographer; born in Connecticut in
1780; died in Hartford, Conn. , March 1826.
He wrote: (Narrative of a Tour of Observa-
tion by President Monroe) (1818); (Memoirs of
Andrew Jackson) (1820); Life of Stephen De-
catur) (1821); Biographical Sketches of Nich-
olas Biddle, Paul Jones, Edward Preble, and
Alexander Murray) (1823). He edited (Jour-
nal of the Brig Commerce upon the Western
Coast of Africa. )
Waldstein, Charles. An eminent American
archæologist and writer; born in New York
in 1856, and graduated at Columbia College.
He was for a time director of the Fitzwilliam
Museum at Cambridge, England, which position
he resigned in order to take the directorship of
the American School of Archäology at Athens.
While in this office he was a lecturer on Greek
anthology at Cambridge. He is now a fellow of
King's College, and a doctor and professor at
Cambridge University. He has written :'Exca-
vations at the Heraion of Argos); (The Balance
of Emotion and Intellect); Essays on the Art
of Phidias); (The Work of John Ruskin';
(Study of Art in Universities. '
Waldstein, Louis. An American author,
younger brother of Charles ; born in New York,
185-. He has written a notable book, (The
Subconscious Self (1897).
Walewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph Co-
lonna, Duke de (vä-lev'skē). A French states.
man; born at Walewice in Poland, May 4, 1810;
died at Strasburg, Sept. 27, 1868. He wrote: :(A
Word on the Question of Algiers) (1837); “The
English Alliance (1838); a comedy, (The
School of the World; or, The Coquette Without
Knowing it) (1849).
Walford, Mrs. Lucy Bethia. A British nor.
elist, essayist, and biographer; born in Scotland,
1845. She has contributed to Blackwood's Mag-
azine and other periodicals. She has written :
(Mr. Smith (new ed. 1875); 'Pauline) (last ed.
1885); “Cousins) (new ed. 1885); (Troublesome
Daughters) (new ed. 1885); Dick Netherby)
(new ed. 1885); (Four Biographies) (Jane Tay.
lor, Elizabeth Fry, Hannah More, and Mary
Somerville : 1888); “Her Great Idea, and Other
Stories) (1888); “Baby's Grandmother); etc.
Walker, Alexander Joseph. An Amer-
ican journalist and editor; born in Virginia in
1819; died in 1893. He successively edited
the New Orleans Delta, Times, Jeffersonian,
Herald, and Picayune, and subsequently the
Cincinnati Enquirer. He published Jackson
and New Orleans) (1856); Life of Andrew
Jackson"; "History of the Battle of Shiloh);
(Butler at New Orleans); and (Duelling in
Louisiana.
Walker, Amasa. An American reformer,
merchant, statesman, and political economist;
born at Woodstock, Conn. , May 4, 1799 ; died
at North Brookfield, Mass. , Oct. 29, 1875. He
was one of the editors of the Transactions
of the Agricultural Society of Massachusetts (7
vols. , 1848-54); and published his great work
on political economy, (The Science of Wealth,
in 1866.
Walker, Francis Amasa. An American sol-
dier, educator, and political economist; born
in Boston, July 2, 1840; died there, 1897.
He edited (Census Reports) (3 quarto vols. );
compiled a "Statistical Atlas of the United
States) (1874); and published (The Indian
Question (1874); (The Wages Question' (1876);
Money) (1878); Money, Trade, and Industry)
(1879); (Political Economy) (1883); “Land and
its Rent' (1883); (History of the Second Ammy
Corps) (1886); Life of General Winfield S.
Hancock) (1894); and (The Making of the
Nation (1895). He was president of the In-
stitute of Technology at Boston at the time of
his death.
Walker, George Leon. An American writer
and Congregational clergyman; born in 1830.
He has been pastor of a church in Hartford,
a
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WALKER-WALLACE
557
Conn. , since 1879, and has written : (History of
the First Church in Hartford' (1633–1883);
(Thomas Hooker, Preacher, Founder [of Con-
necticut), Democrat'; Aspects of the Religious
Life of New England. ?
Walker, James. A distinguished American
Unitarian divine and educator; born at Bur.
lington, Mass. , Aug. 16, 1794; died at Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Dec. 23, 1874. He was president
of Harvard University, 1853-60; and editor of
the Christian Examiner 1831-39. Besides ser-
mons and addresses, editing the works of Dugald
Stewart, Dr. Thomas Reid, etc. , he published
a Memoir of Josiah Quincy) (1867), and de-
livered lectures on Natural Religion) and
(The Philosophy of Religion. He was famous
as a pulpit orator.
Walker, James Barr. An American clergy-
man, journalist, and author; born in Philadel-
phia, July 29, 1805; died at Wheaton, Ill. , March
6, 1887. Besides editorial work, he has written
the following: (The Philosophy of the Plan
of Salvation (1855), a book which commanded
wide acceptance; (God Revealed in Nature
and in Christ) (1855); Philosophy of Scepti-
cism and Ultraism) (1857); (The Philosophy
of the Divine Operation in the Redemption of
Man) (1862); and (The Living Questions of
the Age) (1869).
Walker, John. 'An English actor, teacher,
lecturer, and dictionary-maker ; born at Colney
Hatch near London, March 18, 1732; died in
London, Aug. I, 1807. His books are a "Rhym-
ing Dictionary) (1775); ( Elements of Elocution)
(1781); (Rhetorical Grammar) (1785); and a
(Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor
of the English Language) (1791), which was
long the standard work of its class, running
through forty editions.
Walker, Mrs. Katharine Kent (Child). An
American story-writer and translator; born in
Pittsfield, Vt. , about 1840. She wrote a famous
article for the Atlantic Monthly on (The Total
Depravity of Inanimate Things) (Sept. , 1864);
and has published a version of Bunyan en-
titled Pilgrim's Progress for Children (1869);
(From the Crib to the Cross) (1869); and a
(Life of Christ) (1869).
Walker, William. An American adventurer;
born in Nashville, Tenn. , May 8, 1824; shot at
Trujillo, Honduras, Sept. 12, 1860. He studied
law in Nashville, and medicine in Germany. In
1850 he was an editor in California, and in 1853
organized an expedition against Sonora, Mexico,
but was defeated. He landed in Nicaragua in
1855 with 62 followers, captured the city of
Granada, and established a government; but
was driven from power and surrendered to the
U. S. government in May, 1857. In June 1860
he invaded Honduras, was captured, tried by
court-martial, and shot. He published (The
War in Nicaragua) (1860).
Walker, William Sidney. A British poet ;
born at Pembroke, Wales, Dec. 4, 1795; died in
London, Oct. 15, 1846. He was a fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge (1822-29), becom-
ing blind during that time. Besides translating
a Corpus Poetarum Latinorum) (Collection of
Latin Poets : new ed. 1854), he wrote (Gustavus
Vasa! (1813), an epic poem; (Shakspeare's
Versification (3d ed. 1859); (Critical Examina-
tion of the Text of Shakspeare) (3 vols. , 1859).
(Poetical Remains, with a memoir, appeared
in 1852.
Walker, Williston. An American clergy-
man and historical writer, son of George L. ;
born in Maine, 1860. He has been professor
of history in Hartford Theological Seminary
since 1880. His works include : (The Creeds
and Platforms of Congregationalism'; On
the Increase of Royal Power under Philip
Augustus); History of the Congregational
Church in the United States.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. A celebrated Eng-
lish naturalist; born at Usk in Monmouthshire,
Jan. 8, 1822. He traveled in Brazil, exploring
the Amazon and its tributaries ( 1848-52 ), and
on his return to England published “Travels
on the Amazon and Rio Negro) (1853). He
then visited the Malay archipelago, where he
spent nearly eight years. One of the fruits of
his researches there was the paper (On the
Tendencies of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely
from the Original Type,' which was published
almost simultaneously with Darwin's first an-
nouncement of his theory of natural selection.
(The Malay Archipelago,' 2 vols. , was pub-
lished 1869. He wrote also (On the Geograph-
ical Distribution of Animals) (2 vols. , 1876);
(Tropical Nature) (1878); Darwinism : An
Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection)
(1889). He is author also of Miracles and
Modern Spiritualism) (1875); (Land National-
ization: Its Necessity and Aims) (1882). *
Wallace, Horace Binney. An American
author and law editor; born in Philadelphia,
Feb. 26, 1817; died in Paris, Dec. 16, 1852. In
addition to contributing to literary periodicals,
he published anonymously a novel, “Stanley;
or, The Recollections of a Man of the World)
(1838); and edited, in conjunction with Judge
Hare, (American Leading Cases in Law) (2
vols. , 1847; 3d ed. 1852); Smith's Leading
Cases) (4th American ed. 2 vols. , 1852); and
White and Tudor's Leading Cases in Equity
(2d American ed. 3 vols. , 1852), all copiously
annotated. He helped Rufus W. Griswold in
his Napoleon and the Marshals of the Em-
pire) (2 vols. , 1847). Art and Scenery in
Europe, with Other Papers) (1855), and "Lit-
erary Criticisms, and Other Papers) (1856), are
posthumous publications.
Wallace, Lewis. An American general, law-
yer, and novelist; born at Brookville, Ind. ,
April 10, 1827. He served in the Mexican War
as lieutenant, and in the Civil War attained
the rank of major-general. He was Minister
to Turkey 1881-85. His works include: (The
Fair God) (1873); (Ben-Hur) (1880); (The
Life of Gen. Benjamin Harrison (1888);
(Commodus: A Tragedy' (1889); (The Boy.
## p. 558 (#574) ############################################
WALLACE – WALSH
558
)
hood of Christ) (1889); (The Prince of India
(1893). *
Wallace, Mrs. (Susan Arnold Elston). An
American descriptive and story writer, wife of
General Lewis Wallace; born at Crawfords-
ville, Ind. , 1830. Besides contributing to peri-
odicals and reviews, she has published: (The
Storied Sea) (1883); (Ginevra) (1886); (The
Land of the Pueblos) (1888); “The Repose in
Egypt (1888); etc.
Wallace, William Ross. An American law-
yer and poet; born in Kentucky, 1819; died in
1881. He has written: Perdita”; Alban);
(Meditations in America, and Other Poems. )
(The Liberty Bell) is his best-known poem.
Wallack, Lester (John). An American ac-
tor and manager, son of James William Wal-
lack, the actor and manager; born in New
York, Jan. 1, 1820; died in Stamford, Conn. ,
Sept. 6, 1888. He conducted Wallack's Theatre,
New York city, for twenty-four years. He was
identiñed with the American stage for more
than forty years; and on his retirement in May
1888, was the recipient of an unequaled dra-
matic testimonial. He wrote the plays (The
Veteran) and (Rosedale. His autobiography,
(Memoirs of Fifty Years,' was published the
year after his death.
Wallath, Wilhelm ( väl'lät ). A German
story-writer; born at Darmstadt, Oct. 6, 1856.
He wrote: (The King's Treasure House) (3
vols. , 1883); (Paris the Mime) (1886); “The
Gladiator) (1888); (Tiberius) (2 vols. , 1889);
(The Demon of Envy) (1889), «There Came
a Hoar Frost) (1893), Love's Fools' (1894),
three stories of modern life; and some dramas,
as (Countess Pusterla, John of Suabia,
(Marino Falieri, (The Sacrifice.
