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15. The anapestic measure consists of two anapests;
as
Ululas se canes. Seneca.
, The first foot in this measure was frequently changed to
a dactyl or a spondee, and the second foot often to a spon-
dce, and in a few instances to a dactyl; as ?
Fundite | fletus,
Edite ] planctus.
FIngite | hictus.
RSsonet | tristl
Clamo|re forum. Seneca.
The anapestic dimeter consists of two anapestic mea-
sures; as
Pharetrae|que graves||date sje|va fero.
Quanti | casus||huma|na rotant! Seneca.
16. The anapestic dimeter catalectic consists of three
feet, of which the first and second are anapests or spon-
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? 144 APPENDIX.
dees, and the third an anapest, followed by a long sylla-
ble; as
Utfnam | modo nos|tra redi|rent
In mo|res tem|pora prls|c6s. Boeth.
IAMBIC MEASURES.
17. The iambic trimeter or senarius consists of three
iambic measures or six iambic feet; as
Suis | et Ip|sa R6|ma vi|ribus [ ruit. Horat.
The pure iambic measure was seldom used by the
Latin poets. To give to this metre greater slowness and
dignity, they introduced spondees into the first, third, and
fifth feet; and in every foot except the last, which was
always an iambic, a long syllable was often changed into
two short syllables, so that an anapest or a dactyl was
often used for a spondee, and a tribrac for an iambus; as
Quo quo | sceles|ti rui|tls aut j cur dex|terls.
Aliti|bus at|que cani|bus homi|cida Hec|torem.
Horat.
The writers of comedy, satire, and fables, admitted
the spondee, or a foot equal to it, into the second and
fourth feet, as well as the first, third, and fifth; as
Tuo | pala|to clau|sus pa|vo pas|citur. Petron.
Amit|tlt mSri|to propri|um qui ali|enum apjpetit.
Pares | diimnon | slntves|tnc for|titu|dini. Phaedrus.
18. The scazon, or choliambus, or lame iambic, is the
iambic trimeter with a spondee in the sixth foot, and
generally an iambus in the fifth; as
Cur In | thea|trum Cato | seve|re ve|nlstl?
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? APPENDIX. 145
An ide|o tan|tum ve|neras | lit ex|ires? Mart.
19. The iambic tetrameter, or octonarius, or quadra tus,
a measure used by the comic poets, consists of four iambic
measures or eight iambic feet, subject to the same varia-
tions as the iambic trimeter; as
Nunc hic | dies | aliam | vitam af|fert, ali|6s mo|res
p6s|tulat. Terent.
20. The iambic tetrameter catalectic, or Hipponactic, is
the iambic tetrameter, deprived of its last syllable, and al-
ways having an iambus in the seventh foot; as
Depren|sa na|vis In | marl [ vesa|nien|te ven|to. Catull.
21. The iambic trimeter catalectic, or Archilochian,is the
iambic trimeter with an iambus in the fifth foot, and
wanting the final syllable in the sixth foot; as
Voca|tus at|que non | v6ca|tiis au|dit.
Trahunt|que sic|cas ma|chinje | cari|nas. Horat.
22. The iambic dimeter consists of two iambic measures
or four iambic feet, but it admits the same variations as
the iambic trimeter; as
Forti | seque|miir pec|tore.
Canidi|a tract|avit | dapes.
Vide|re prope|rantes | domum. Horat.
2 3. The iambic dimeter hypermeter is the iambic dimeter,
with the third foot generally a spondee, and having an odd
syllable after the fourth foot; as
Vena|tor in | campis | niva|lis. Horat.
24. The iambic dimeter acephalous is the iambic dime-
ter, having most commonly an iambus in every foot, and
always wanting the firsj: syllable; as
Tru|ditiir | dies [ die. Horat.
Lat. Pr. N
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? 1*6 APPENDIX.
25. The iambic dimeter catalectic, or Anacreontic, is the
dimeter iambic, wanting the final syllable, and having an
iambus in the third foot; as
Lex halc | data est | cadu|cis,
Deo | jiiben|te, mem|bris,
Ut tem|peret | labo|rert . .
Medica|bills | volup|tas. Prudentius.
26. The Galliambus consists of two catalectic dimeters,
having in general a spondee or an anapest in the first
foot of the first dimeter, and a tribrac in the second foot
of the second dimeter, the final syllable of the second
dimeter being omitted; as,
Super al|ta vec|tus a|tys||celgri J rate ma|ria. Catull.
TROCHAIC MEASURES.
27. The most common trochaic metre is the tetrameter or
octonarius catalectic, and it consists of seven feet followed
by an odd syllable, the last foot being always a trochee,
while most of the other feet are. liable to the same varia-
tions as the feet in iambic measures; as
Pulchri|us mul[to pa|rarl | quam cre|ari | nobi|lem.
Auson.
Danai|des co|Ite | vestras J hic di|es quje|rit malnus.
Seneca.
28. The Sapphic verse, invented by the poetess Sappho,
consists of five feet, the first a trochee, the second a spon-
dee and sometimes a trochee, the third a dactyl, and the
fourth and fifth trochees; as
Caet^|ris ma|jor tibi | milSs | impar. Horat.
The strophe or stanza, in which Sappho composed her verses,
consists of ihree sapphic verses followed by an adonic; its
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? APPENDIX. 1*7
elegance and sweetness made it popular among the Latin poets,
and caused it to be often introduced into their elegiac verses.
29. The Phalsecian or hendecasyllabic verse consists of
five feet, the first of which is generally a spondee, though
it is sometimes an iambus or a trochee, the second a dactyl,
and the three others trochees; as
Non est | vivere | sed va|lere | vita. Martial.
50. The trochaic dimeter consists of four feet, the first
and two last of which are always trochees, and the second
a trochee, spondee, dactyl, or anapest; as
Non fa|cit quod | optat | Ipse
Ore | torvo | commi|nantes. Boeth.
CHORIAMB1C MEASURES.
51. The choriambic pentameter consists of a spondee,
three choriambi, and an iambus; as
JEtas | carpe diem | quam minimum | credula posftero.
Horat.
32. The choriambic tetrameter consists of three chori-
ambi or feet of equal length, followed by a bacchic; as
Omne nemus | cum fluviis | omnS canat | profiindum.
Claud.
Cul rSsera|ta mugmnt | aurea, claulstra mundl. Serenus.
33. The Alcaic epichoriambic tetrameter acatalectic
consists of the second epitrit, two choriambi, and a
bacchic; as
Te deos 6|ro Sybarin | cvir prop^res | amando. Horat.
34. The Asclepiadic tetrameter, invented by the poet
Asclepiades, consists of a spondee, two choriambi, and an
iambus; as
Msce|nas atavis | edite re|gibus. ' Horat.
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? 1 *8 APPENDIX.
The first foot of this verse is sometimes a dactyl; as
EffugT|um et misSros | libera mors Ivocet. Seneca,
"^his method of scanning the Asclepiadic may be considered as
the most correct; it has however been sometimes scanned in a
different manner, the first foot being made a spondee, the second
a dactyl followed by an odd syllable, and the two last feet dac-
tyls; as
Miece|nas ata|vis | editg | regibtls. Horat.
85. The choriambic trimeter or Glyconic consists of three
feet, the first a spondee, an iambic, or a trochee, the se-
cond a choriambus, and the third an iambic; as
Sic te | diva potens | Cypri. Horat.
Magna. | progenies | Jovls. Catull.
Bonis | crede fuga|cibus. Boeth.
36. The choriambic trimeter catalectic or Pherecratic is
the Glyconic deprived of its final syllable, and sometimes
having an anapest in the first foot; as
Grato 1 Pyrrha sub an|tro. Horat.
Dominis | pressus ini|quis. Boeth.
37. The choriambic dimeter consists of a choriambus
and a bacchic; as
Lydia dic | per omnes. Horat.
IONIC MEASURES.
38. The ionic a majore or Sotadic consists of three
ionics a majore and a spondee; the ionic feet are how-
ever frequently changed into dichorees, and a long syl-
lable into two short syllables; as
Vocalia | quredam memo|rant consona | qusdam.
Terentian.
Has cum gemi|na compede | dedicat cajtenas,
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? APPENDIX. 149
Saturne, ti|bl Zoiliis, | annulos pri|6res. Martial.
39. The ionic a minore consists of three or four feet,
Tvhich are all ionics a minore; as
Puer ales | tibi telas | oper6s? |que Minervae. Horat.
COMPOUND METRES.
40. The greater Alcaic consists of two iambic feet,
which are sometimes changed into spondees, and an odd
syllable, followed by a choriambus and an iambus; as
Vides | ut al|ta | Stet mve can|didum,
Cdeles|tis ar|cis|nobilis in|cola. Horat.
41. The Archilochian heptameter consists of the dac-
tylic tetrameter a priore, followed by three trochees; as
Nunc dece|t autviri|dlnitijdum caput | Impe|dirS| myrto.
Horat.
42. The dactylico-trochaic tetrameter or lesser Alcaic
consists of two dactyls, followed by two trochees; as
Levia | personu|ere | saxa. Horat.
'The preceding account of the metres in the most common use
among the Latin poets will, it is presumed, be found both conv
prehensive and accurate. The student, who is desirous of more
extensive information on this subject, may consult with advantage
Carey's Latin Prosody.
THE METRES OF HORACE.
In their lyric compositions, the Latin poets seldom con-
fined themselves to one species of verse, but for the sake
of greater variety and harmony, they generally introduced
two, and sometimes three different measures into the same
ode. This change of metre is found in almost all the
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? 150
APPENDIX.
lyrics of Horace, and has contributed much to the beauty
of his poetry. The following alphabetical key to his odes
contains. the first words of each ode, and a reference to the
metres in the preceding list, which he has employed in it.
MM vetusto, 40,40, 23,42. Extremum Tanaim, 34, 35.
iEquam memento, 40, 40,
23, 42.
Albi ne doleas, 34, 35.
Altera jam, 1, 17.
Angustam amici, 40,40,23,
42.
At o deorum, 17, 22.
Audivere Lyce, 34, 34, 36,
35.
Bacchum in, 40, 40,23,42.
Beatus ille, 17,22.
Ccelo supinas,40, 40,23,42.
Ccelo tonantem, 40, 40, 23,
42.
Cum tu Lydia, 35, 34.
Cur me querelis, 40, 40,
23, 42.
Delicta majorum, 40, 40,
23, 42.
Descende ccelo, 40, 40, 23,
42.
Dianam tenerae, 34, 34, 36,
35.
Diffugere nives, 1, 13.
Dive quern, 28, 14.
Divis orre, 34, 35.
Donarem pateras, 34.
Donec gratus, 35, 34.
Eheu fugaces, 40, 40, 23,
42.
Est mihi honum, 28, 14.
Et thure et, 35, 34.
Exegi monumentum, 34.
Faune nympharum, 28, 14.
Festo quid, 35, 34.
Herculis ritu, 28, 14.
Horrida tempestas, 1, 22,
13.
Ibis liburnis, 17, 22,
Icci beatis, 40, 40, 23, 42.
Hie et nefasto, 40, 40, 23,
42.
Impios parrae, 28,14.
Inclusam Danaem, 34, 35.
Intactis opulentior, 35, 34.
Integer vitae, 28, 14.
Intermissa Venus, 35, 34.
Jam jam efficaci, 17.
Jam pauca, 40, 40, 23, 42.
Jam satis terris, 28, 14.
Jam veris, 34, 35.
Justum et, 40, 40, 23, 42.
Laudabunt alii, 1,8.
Lupis et agnis, 17, 22.
Lydia dic per, 37, 33.
Maecenas atavis, 34.
Mala soluta, 17, 22.
Martiis ccelebs, 28, 14.
Mater saeva, 35, 34.
Mercuri facunde, 28, 14.
Mercuri nam, 28, 14.
Miserarum est, 39.
? ? Mollis inertia, 1, 22.
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? APPENDIX.
151
Natis in usum, 40, 40, 23,
42.
Ne forte credas, 40,40, 23,
42.
Ne sit ancillae, 28, 14.
NoHs longa ferae, 34, 35.
Nondum subacta, 40, 40,
23, 42.
Non ebur neque, 24, 21.
Non semper, 40,40, 23, 42.
Non usitata, , 40, 40, 23,
42.
Non vides quanto, 28, 14.
Nox erat, 1, 22.
Nullam Vare, 31.
Nullus argento, 28, 14.
Nunc est, 40, 40, 23, 42.
O crudelis adhuc, 31.
O diva gratum, 40, 40, 23,
42.
O fons, 34, 34, 36, 35.
O matre pulchra, 40,40,23,
42.
O nata mecum, 40, 40, 23,
42.
O navis referent, 34,34, 36,
35.
O saepe mecum, 40, 40, 23,
42.
O Venus regina, 28, 14.
Qdi profanum, 40, 40, 23,
42.
Otium divos, 28, 14.
Parcius junctas, 28, 14.
Parcus deorum, 40, 40, 23,
42.
Parentis olim, 17, 22.
Pastor quum traheret, 34, 35.
Persicos odi, 28, 14.
Petti nihil me, 17, 13, 22.
Phcebe sylvarumque, 28,14.
Phcebus volentem, 40, 40,
23, 42.
Pyndarum quisquis, 28, 14.
Poscimus siquid, 28, 14.
Quae cura, 40, 40, 23, 42.
Qualem ministrum, 40, 40,
23, 42.
Quando repostum, 17, 22.
Quantum distet, 35, 34.
Quern tuMelpomene, 35,34.
Quem virum, 28, 14.
Quid bellicosus, 40, 40, 23,
42.
Quid dedicatum, 40, 40,23,
42.
Quid fles Asterie, 34, 34,
36, 35.
Quid immerentes, 17, 22.
Quid obseratis, 17.
Quid tibi vis, 1, 8.
Quid desiderio, 34, 35.
Quis multa, 34, 34, 36,
35.
Quo me Bacche, 35, 34^
Quo, quo scelesti, 17, 22.
Rectius vives, 28, 14.
? ? Rogare longo, 17, 22.
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? 152 APPENDIX.
Velox amcenum, 40,40,23, Vitas hinnuleo, 34, 34, 36,
42. 35.
Videsutalta,40,40,23,42. Vixi puellis, 40, 40, 23,
Vilepotabis, 28, 14. 42.
The first thirty of the following exercises are designed to
be scanned; the succeeding thirty-four require the order of
the words to be changed, in order to the lines beingformed
into verses; the remaining exercises are intended to be
translated. The figures prefixed to the exercises refer to
the metres of the verses contained in them.
EXERCISES.
1. No. 8.
Haud sic magni conditor orbis; /
Huic ex alto curicta tuenti
Nulla terrJe mole resistunt,
Non nox atris nubibus obstat.
2. No. 9.
Gratius astra nitent, ubi Notus
Desinit imbriferos dare sonbs";
Lucifer ut tenebras pepulerit,
Pulchra dies roseoi agit equos.
3. No. 16.
Somnos dabat herba salubris,
Potum quoque lubricus amnis,
Umbras altissima pinus;
Nondum maris alta secabat.
4. No. 31.
Tu ne quaesieris scire, nefas, quem mihi, quem tibi
Finem di dederint, Leuconoe; nec Babylonios
Tentaris numeros, ut melius, quidquid erit, pati;
Seu plures hyemes, seu tribuit Jupiter ultimam.
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? APPENDIX. 153
5. No. 1, 8.
Albus ut obscuro deterget nubila ccelo
Saepe Notus, neque parturit imbres
Perpetuos, sic tu sapiens finire memento
Tristitiam vitaeque labores.
6. No. 1, IS, 1, 13.
Diffugere nives; redeunt jam gramina campis,
Arboribusque comae;
Mutat terra vices; et decrescentia ripas
Flumina praetereunt.
7. No. 1, 17, 1, 17.
Mella cava manant ex ilice; montibus altis
Levis crepante lympha desilit pede.
Illic injussae veniunt ad mulctra capellae,
Refertque tenta grex amicus ubera.
8. No. 17, 22, 17, 22.
Has inter epulas, ut juvat pastas oves
Videre properantes domum!
Videre fessos, vomerem inversum, boves,
Collo trahentes languido.
9. No. 11,36.
Omne hominum genus in terris
Simili surgit ab ortu;
Unus enim rerum pater est,
Unus cuncta ministrat.
10. No. 34, 35.
Jam veris comites, quae mare temperant,
Impellunt animae lintea Thraciae;
Jam nec prata rigent, nec fluvii strepunt
Hyberna nive turgidi.
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? IS* APPENDIX.
11. No. 35, 34.
Caris multa sodalibus,
Nulli plura tamen, dividit oscula,
Quam dulci Lamiae, memor
Acts non alio rege puertiae.
12. No. 28, 14.
Scandit aeratas vitiosa naves
"Cura, nec turmas equitum relinquit,
Ocior cervis, et agente nimbos
Ocior Euro.
13.