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Asteismus loves to jest with strokes of wit, 14
And slily with the point of satire hit.
A Diasyrmus must ill nature show, 15
And ne'er omits t' insult a living foe.
Sarcasmus with a biting jeer doth kill, 16
And every word with strongest venom fill.
Parcemia by a Proverb tries to teach 17
A short, instructing, and a nervous speech.
EXAMPLES.
10. I neither praise your Gifts, nor despise them, (i. e.
I dispraise your Gifts, yet I accept them. ) 11. The
tinkling of brass ; the roaring of lions. 12. Lucus, from
Lux, Light, signifies a dark shady Grove. 13. Be not
so angry : Heaven send better News. 14. Who hates
not Bavius, let him love Maevius' verses ; and he that
loves either, let him yoke foxes and milk the He-goats.
15. You cackle like a Goose among the tuneful Swans.
16. Now Cyrus, glut yourself with Blood. 17. I know
not what to do.
TERMS ENGLISHED.
10. Lessening. 11. Feigning a name. 12. Contrary
Word. 13. Softening. 14. Civility. 15. Detraction.
16; Bitter Taunt. 17. A Proverb.
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? 126 ARS RHETORICA.
JEnigma obscuris tecta est sententia verbis. 18
Figure Dictionis in eodem Sono.
Dat varium sensum voci Antanaclasis eidem. 19
Atque Ploce repetit proprium ; communiter hocce. 20
Diversis membris frontem dat Anaphora eandem. 21
Complures clausus concludit Epistropke eodem. 22
Symploce eas jungit, complexa utramque figuram. 23
Incipit et voce exit Epanalepsis eadem. 24
Est Anadiplosis cum quae postrema prions 25
Vox est, hsec membri fit dictio prima sequentis.
EXEMPLA
18. Armido Nilotis, (i. e. Papyrus Nili) yrofext Jiliolas
Cadmi, (i. e. Graecas literas inventas ab illo. ) 19. Quis
neget iEnese natum de stirpe Neronem ? Sustulit hie
matrem, sustulit ille patrem ! 20. In hac victoria Caesar
erat Casar, (i. e. mitissimus victor. ) 21. Pax coronat
vitam : pax profert copiam. 22. Nascimur dolore, degi-
mus vi tarn dolore, finimus dolore. 23. Quis legem tulit?
Rullus. Quis majorem populi partem suffragiis privavit?
Rullus. Quis comitiis prasfuit? Idem Rullus. 24. Multa
super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa. 25. Hie
tamen vivit : Vivit ? imo vero etiam in senatum venit.
DERIVATIONES.
18 ab aivLiib), obscure loquor. 19. ab tivTava-Adw,
refringo. 20. a nXixt>> t necto. 21. ab tivayiQco, refero.
22. ab snisoicpcj, converto. 23. a ovjUTjlexio, connecto.
24. nbtni, & (jiPaXctfiB&na, repeto. 25. ab tivadrnXdw,
reduplico.
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? ART OF RHETORIC. 127
Mnigma in dark words the sense conceals ; 18
But, that once known, a riddling speech reveals.
Figures of Words of the same sound.
Antanaclasis in one sound contains 19
More meanings, which the various sense explains*
By Ploce one a proper name repeats ; 20
Yet as a common noun the latter treats.
Anaphora gives more sentences one head ; 21
As readily appear to those that read.
Epistrophe more sentences doth close 22
With the same words, whether in verse or prose.
Symploce joins these figures both together, 23
And from both jbin'd makes up itself another.
Epanalepsis words doth recommend, 24
The same at the beginning and the end.
Anadiplosis ends the former line 25
With what the next does for its first design.
EXAMPLES.
18. Nilotis's Quill brought forth the Daughters of
Cadmus, (i. e. a Pen made of a Reed growing by the side
of the River Nile wrote the Greek Letters invented by
Cadmus. ) 19. Who can deny that Nero is descended from
jEneas ? The former took off (i. e. killed) his mother ;
the latter took off (i. e. affectionately removed from dan-
ger) his father. 20. In that Victory Caesar was Coesar,
(i. e. a most serene Conqueror. ) 21. Peace crowns our
Life ; Peace does our Plenty breed. 22. We are born in
Sorrow; pass our time in Sorrow ; end our days in Sor-
row. 23. Who proposed the law ? Rullus. WJw deprived
the majority of the people of their right of suffrage ? Rullus.
Who presided at the comitia ? The same identical Rullus .
24. Many ^ questions anxiously asking about Priam, about
Hector, many. 25. And yet this man is permitted to
live : -- to live ? Yea, and even to come into the senate !
TEEMS ENGLISHED.
18. A Riddle. 19. A Reciprocation. 20. Continua-
tion. 21. Rehearsal. 22. A turning to. 23. A Com-
plication. 24. Repetition. 25. Reduplication.
12*
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? 128 ARS RHETORICA.
Prima velut mediis, mediis ita Epanados ima 26
Consona dat repetens. Exemplo disce figuram.
Ejusdem fit Epizeuxis repetitio vocis. 27
Continua serie est repetita gradatio Climax. 28
Estque Polyptoton vario si dictio casu. 29
Figure Dictionis similis Soni.
Fonte ab eodem derivata Paragmenon aptat. 30
Voce parum mutata, alludit significatum.
Paranomasia : ut " amentis non gestus amantis. " 31
Fine sono similes conjungit Homoioteleuton. 32
Inque Parechesi repetita est Syllaba vocum. 33
EXEMPLA.
26. Crudelis tu quoque mater ; crudelis muter magis,
an puer improbus tile ? Improbus ille puer, crudelis tu
quoque mater. 27. Ah ! Cory don, Corydon* Bella,
horrida bella. 28. Quod libet, id licet, his ; at quod
licet, id satis audent ; quodque audent , faciunt ; faciunt
quodcunque molestum est. 29. Arma armis ; pedi pes;
virovir. 30.
Pieridum studio studiose teneris. 31. Amentis
non gestus amantis ; ut supra. 32. Si vis incolumen, si
vis te reddere sanum, curas tolle graves, irasci crede pro-
fanum. 33. O fortunatam natam.
DERIVATIONES.
26. ab inl, & &vodog, ascensus. 27. ab imfrtiyvviH,
conjungo. 28. a xtivut, acclino. 29. a nolvg, varius, &
mwaig, casus. 30. a nnQikyM, derivo. 31. a. naga, juxta,
& bvofioc. nomen. 32. ab 6uolu)c % similiter, & liltviop^
finitum. 33. a n<<^? /^? w, sono similis sum.
* In translating some of these figures, it is extremely difficult-- owiDg to
idiomatic phraseology, dissimilarity of sound, &c, &c, -- to give more than equi-
valent sense ; as in the present example, and many others farther on.
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? A. RT OF RHETORIC. 129
By Epanados a sentence shifts its place, 26
Takes first, and last, and also middle space.
An Epizeuxis twice a word repeats, 27
Whate'er the theme or subject be it treats.
A Climax by gradacion still ascends, 28
Until the sense with finished period ends.
A Polyptoton still the same word places, 29
If sense requires it, in two different cases.
Figures of Words of like Sound.
Paragmenon derived from one recites 30
More words; and in one sentence them unites.
Paronomasia to the sense alludes, 31
When words but little vary'd it includes.
Homoioteleuton makes the measure chime 32
With like sounds in the end of fetter'd rhyme.
A Parachesis syllable sets twice ; 33
But this, except to poets, is a vice.
EXAMPLES.
26. Whether the worst ? the Child accurst, or else the
cruel mother? The Mother worst, the Child accurst ;
as bad the one as t'other. 27. Ah ! poor, poor Swain !
Wars, horrid wars. 28. Folly breeds Laughter ; Laugh-
ter, Disdain ; Disdain makes Shame her Daughter. 29.
Foot to foot ; Hand to Hand ; Face to Face. 30. I write
friendly of Friendship to a Friend. 31. Friends are
turned fiends. 32. Chime and Rhyme, as above. 33.
Liberty begets Mischief chiefly.
TERMS ENGLISHED.
26. A Regression. 27. A joining together. 28. A
Ladder, Stair. 29. Variation of Case. 30. Derived
from the same. 31. Likeness of Words. 32. A like
ending. 33. Allusion.
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? 130 ARS RHETORIC A.
Figurje ad Explicationem.
Exprimit atque oculis quasi subjicit Hypotyposis. 34
Res, loca, personas, affectus, tempora, gestus.
Explicat oppositum ad dens Paradiastole recte. 35
Opposita Antimetabole mutat dictaque ssepe. 36
Librat in Antithetis contraria Enantiosis. 37
Synceceiosis duo dat contraria eidem. 38
Oxymoron " iners erit ars ;" " Concordia discors. " 39
Figure ad Probationem.
Propositi reddit causas Mtiologia. 40
Arguit allatam rem contra Inversio pro se>> 41
EX. EMPLA.
34* Videbar videre alios intrantes, alios verd exeuntes ;
quosdam ex vino vacillantes, quasdam hesterna potatione
oscitantes, &c. 35. Fortuna obumbrat virtutem, tamen
non obruit earn. 36. Poema est pictura loquens, pictura
est mutum poema. 37* Alba ligustra cadunt, vaccinia
nigra leguntur. 38. Tarn quod adest desit quam quod
non adsit avaro. 39. Superba hurnilitas. 40. Sperne
voluptates : nocet empta dolore voluptas. 41. Imd equi-
dem : neque enim, si occidissem, sepelissem.
DERIVATIONES.
34. ab bnoivnbw, reprgesento. 35. a nugadiac;&Xloj f dis-
jungo. 36. ab &vtI, contra, & peTafi&X'tex), inverto. 37.
ab ivavriog, oppositus. 38. a ovvotxeiib, concilio. 39.
ab 6? i>, acutum* & /uw^r, stultum. 40. ab aiuoXoyiw,
rationem reddo. 41. ab inverto.
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? ART OF RHETORIC. 131
Figures for Explanation.
Hypotyposis to the eye contracts 34
Things, places, persons, affections, acts.
Paradiastole explains aright 35
Things in an opposite and diff'rent light.
Antimetabole puts chang'd words again 36
By contraries ; as the example will explain.
Enantiosis poiseth diff'rent things, 37
And words and sense as into balance brings.
Synceceiosis to one subject ties 38
Two contraries ; and fuller sense supplies.
In Oxymoron contradictions meet : 39
And jarring epithets and subjects greet.
Figures for Proof.
JEtiology gives every theme a reason ; 40
For sure that never can be out of season.
Inversion makes the adversary's plea 41
A strong nay best defence that urg'd can be.
EXAMPLES.
34. The Head is sick ; the Heart is faint ; from the
sole of the Foot, even unto the Head, there is no sound-
ness, but Wounds, Bruises, and putrefying sores. 35.
Virtue may be overshadowed, but not overwhelmed. 36.
A poem is a speaking Picture ; a Picture is a mute Poem.
37. Truth brings Foes, Flattery brings Friends. 38. He
is dead even while he liveth. . 39. Proud humility. This
bitter sweet. 40. Despise Pleasures, for Pleasure bought
with pain hurteth. 41. Had I killed him, (as you report,)
I had not staid to bury him.
TERMS ENGLISHED.
34. A Representation. 35. Discrimination. 36.
Changing by Contraries. 37. A Contrariety. 38. Re-
conciling. 39. A witty foolish saying. 40. Showing a
Reason. 41. Inversion.
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